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The development of sustainable composites necessitates biobased epoxy resins that are highly recyclable and degradable; however, the integration of mechanical, reprocessing, and rapid degradation properties into a single epoxy resin remains a significant challenge. The present study proposes a straightforward approach to overcoming the problem by combining two labile covalent bonds into an epoxy resin. The combination of acetal and disulfide bonds demonstrates a synergistic effect on the degradation performance of epoxy resin, leading to an ultrafast degradation of the epoxy polymer. The carbon fiber-reinforced composite with the epoxy resin matrix shows a tensile strength exceeding 630 MPa, but the epoxy resin degrades completely within just 8 min, while the recovered carbon fibers display nondestructive characteristics similar to those of the original material. Moreover, the epoxy resin that we designed shows good self-healing and reprocessing ability. Scratches on the resin surface can be completely self-healed by heating, while the powdered resin can be reshaped under a hot press. These findings offer a new approach to the preparation of sustainable composites, highlighting the significant importance of the development of thermosetting polymers.