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Objectives: Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) form clusters within the genome, representing a mysterious category of small non-coding RNAs. Research has demonstrated that aberrant snoRNAs can contribute to the development of various types of cancers. Recent studies have identified snoRNAs as potentially valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis or/and prognosis of cancers. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive reviews on prognostic and diagnostic snoRNAs across different types of cancers. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of various databases including Google Scholar, Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Ovid-Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and SinoMed with a time frame reception to December 30, 2022. A total of 49 relevant articles were included in our analysis, consisting of 21 articles focusing on diagnostic aspects and 41 articles focusing on prognostic aspects. Pooled odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and hazard ratio (HR) were utilized to evaluate clinical parameters and overall survival (OS), respectively. Result: The findings indicated that area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.85, 75%, and 80% in cancer, respectively. There was a possibility that snoRNAs had a positive impact on the diagnosis (risk ratio, RR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.75-3.16, P = 0.000) and OS (HR = 1) in cancer. Additionally, abnormally expressed snoRNAs were associated with a positive impact on OS time for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (HR: 0.88, 95%Cl: 0.69-1.11, P < 0.00001), colon adenocarcinoma (HR: 0.97, 95%Cl: 0.91-1.03, P < 0.0001), and ovarian cancer (HR: 0.98, 95%Cl: 0.98-0.99, P < 0.00001). However, dysregulated snoRNAs of colon cancer and colorectal cancer had a negative impact on OS time (HR = 3.01 and 1.01 respectively, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results strongly suggested that snoRNAs could serve as potential novel indicators for prognosis and diagnosis in cancers. This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Transparent Reporting of Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PROSPERO register: CRD42020209096). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental teratogenic agent for cleft palate. But transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) is an essential growth factor for palatogenesis. This study is to clarify effects of TCDD and TGF-β3 in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. The result showed that with increase of TCDD (0.5 nM-10 nM), the expression of TGF-β3 increased, but after 10 nM TCDD, the expression of TGF-β3 reduced. The viabilities of MEPM cells decreased in 10 nM TCDD-treated group. But the viabilities increased in 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group, or the viabilities were between that of them in combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group. This phenomenon was the same as the motilities. In addition, we found that the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 and Smad7 was increased by 10 nM TCDD, 10 ng/mL TGF-β3, or combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3 induced, but the expression of Smad4 was decreased. These data revealed that the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway affected TCDD and TGF-β3 in MEPM cells.

[Objective] This study analyzed the phenotypic variation and genetic diversity of Tibetan barley landraces to provide information for improving pertinence and breeding effect of breeding combination selection for Tibetan barley. [Method] A total of 310 representative varieties covering the whole barley planting areas in Tibet were selected from 1 700 local varieties provided by the national crop germplasm resource pool. A total of 310 barley germplasms were planted in Lhasa from 2020 to 2021, and the heading date, mature period, plant height, spike length, kernels per spike and thousand kernel mass were measured. Diversity of phenotypic traits was analyzed by Shannon-Weaver diversity index. Heritability, principal component, comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis were conducted using bioinformatics methods. [Result] The heritability of 6 agronomic traits of the 310 tested varieties was 0.43 -- 0.95, with the highest value in heading stage and the lowest value for plant height. Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 1.30 to 1.42 with an average of 1.38, with the highest diversity for thousand kernel mass and heading date, and the largest variation coefficients for spike length and kernels per spike. The cultivars in the western region (Xigaze and Ngari) showed earlier maturity, shorter culm, fewer kernels per spike and higher thousand kernel mass. The cultivars in the eastern region (Qamdo and Nyingchi) showed later maturation, taller culm, more kernels per spike and lower thousand kernel mass. The first four principal components of mature period, spike length, kernels per spike and thousand kernel mass represented 88. 66% of the genetic information of phenotypic traits of highland barley germplasm resources. According to the comprehensive score (F value) of phenotypic traits, the top 10 barley germplasms were ZDM06930, ZDM06926, ZDM06859, ZDM06732, ZDM06631, ZDM06590, ZDM05468, ZDM05131, ZDM04747 and ZDM04727, a-mong which ZDM06930 from Nyingchi had the highest F value of 66. 49 and the best overall performance. Cluster analysis divided the 291 tested materials with complete collection of agronomic traits into four groups, and the clustering results were consistent with the geographical sources. [Conclusion] The Tibetan barley landraces were rich in genetic diversity with significant differences between regions. The offsprings of local varieties would have strong adaptability to the natural environment in Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel class of non-coding RNAs, which are pervasively transcribed in the genome. CircRNAs play important roles in human, animals and plants. Up to now, there was no report regarding circRNAs of cleft palate by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) induce. The present study screened identification and characterization of differential expressed-circRNAs in TCDD-induced cleft palate. 6903 circRNAs candidates came from cleft palates. Among them, 3525 circRNAs are up-regulation, and 3378 circRNAs are down-regulation by TCDD induce. The cluster and GO analysis found that circRNAs involved in biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Through the analysis of KEGG Pathway, circRNAs made functions via classical signaling pathway in cleft palate, such as TGF-beta signaling pathway, BMP signal pathway, MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, we found down-regulated circRNA224, circRNA3302 and up-regulated circRNA5021 targeted tgfbr3, but up-regulated circRNA4451 targeted tgfbr2. circRNA4451 may make functions through TGF-beta signaling pathway. These results suggested that many different circRNAs may make important role in TCDD-induced cleft palate, which provided a theoretical basis for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium ions and protons regulate various fundamental processes at the cell and tissue levels across all biological kingdoms. It is therefore pivotal for bioelectronic devices, such as biosensors and biotransducers, to control the transport of these ions through biological membranes. Our study explores the regulation of proton and sodium concentrations by integrating an Na + -type ATP synthase, a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and a urease into a multienzyme logic system. This system is designed to operate using various chemical control input signals, while the output current corresponds to the local change in proton or sodium concentrations. Therein, a H + and Na + biotransducer was integrated to fulfill the roles of signal transducers for the monitoring and simultaneous control of Na + and H + levels, respectively. To increase the proton concentration at the output, we utilized GDH driven by the inputs of glucose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ), while recorded the signal change from the biotransducer, together acting as an AND enzyme logic gate. On the contrary, we introduced urease enzyme which hydrolyzed urea to control the decrease in proton concentration, serving as a NOT gate and reset. By integrating these two enzyme logic gates we formed a simple multienzyme logic system for the control of proton concentrations. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a more complex, Na + -type ATP synthase-urease multienzyme logic system, controlled by the two different inputs of ADP and urea. By monitoring the voltage of the peak current as the output signal, this logic system acts as an AND enzyme logic gate. This study explores how multienzyme logic systems can modulate biologically important ion concentrations, opening the door toward advanced biological on-demand control of a variety of bioelectronic enzyme-based devices, such as biosensors and biotransducers.