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Bomb cyclones are explosively intensifying extratropical cyclones that can cause severe damage to life and property. However, the poor ability of coarse-resolution climate models to simulate bomb cyclones, including underestimation of the frequency of bomb cyclones, remains a problem. In this study, the dependence of bomb cyclone characteristics on horizontal resolution from 135 to 18 km is investigated by analyzing the outputs of HighResMIP historical simulations of atmospheric general circulation models and four reanalysis datasets. Robust resolution dependence of bomb cyclone characteristics is identified for both the models and the reanalyses. Finer horizontal resolution significantly increases the frequency of bomb cyclones and reduces their average horizontal size. A regression analysis indicates that bomb cyclone frequency is roughly doubled from 140 km to 25 km resolution. The overall increase in bomb cyclone number is associated with a large increase in small bomb cyclones and a moderate decrease in large ones. Bomb cyclones in higher-resolution models are also accompanied by a higher maximum wind speed and more extreme wind events, which is probably related to the increased pressure gradients due to the smaller size of the bomb cyclones. These results imply that high-resolution models should be used for evaluating the impacts of bomb cyclones.

As advances in RNA modification research progress, the significance of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification is being increasingly acknowledged. m5C undergoes modification by the methyltransferase NOP2/Sun domain (NSUN) family/DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family (writer) and is removed by demethylases (eraser), including the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family and Alkb homolog 1 (ALKBH1). Moreover, m5C interacts with RNA-binding proteins (reader), such as Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF). Expanding on this structural framework, m5C modification possesses the capacity to regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that m5C plays a pivotal regulatory role in the central nervous system, and its dysregulation may correlate with the onset and progression of various central nervous system diseases. In this review, we summarize recent research on m5C components and delve into the potential mechanisms of m5C involvement in central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, epilepsy, and stroke.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and clinical value of alfacalcidol combined with exercise rehabilitation in therapy of the postoperative dysfunction of patients with patella fractures., Methods: In this study, 100 patients who underwent patella fracture surgery at Peking University People's Hospital between April 2018 and December 2019 were randomly selected and divided into a control group (n=50) and an experimental group (n=50) by lottery. The control group received exercise therapy, while the experimental group received alfacalcidol based on exercise rehabilitation. The functional assessment measure (FAM) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, therapy efficiency, adverse effects, callus volume, and callus density were compared between the two groups., Results: The FAM score and therapy efficiency in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group [P < .001, RR: 95%CI (10.28, 5.12 to 15.52)], but the VAS score was lower [P < .001 RR: 95% CI (22.83, 1.99 to 3.31)]. Patients in the experimental group had fewer adverse effects [P < .001, RR: 95% CI (14.62, 6.49 to 32.92)] than those in the control group but significantly larger callus volume and density [both P < .001, RR: 95% CI (26.03, 3.21 to 4.07): (17.92, 2.83 to 3.34)]., Conclusion: Alfacalcidol combined with exercise rehabilitation therapy could significantly improve motor function, callus volume, and callus density in patients with patella fracture, resulting in a high applicable value in managing postoperative functional impairment of patellar fractures.

Objective: To investigate the association of serum MMP-2, Siglec-1, and Th1/Th2 cell ratio with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Methods: Between August and November 2020, Peking University People's Hospital recruited 40 patients with RA and 40 healthy individuals. Various methods such as ELISA, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR were used to assess the levels of sCR1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Siglec-1 in the participants. Correlation analysis was conducted between Siglec-1 expression and DAS28 and hs-CRP. T lymphocyte subsets; cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4, were assessed using flow cytometry and ELISA in both patient groups., Results: Rheumatoid arthritis was linked to lower levels of serum sCR1 and higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to healthy individuals (P < .05). The percentage of Siglec-1-positive cells in PBMCs was significantly higher in patients with RA than in the healthy group (P < .05), with monocytes being the predominant cells expressing Siglec-1. Patients with RA exhibited a significantly higher expression of Siglec-1 mRNA compared to those in a healthy condition (P < .05), and the expression of Siglec-1 in these patients was positively correlated with DAS28 and hs-CRP (P < .05). Study patients demonstrated a notably lower level of peripheral blood CD8+ cells and a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio when compared to healthy individuals (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in CD3+CD4+ levels between the 2 groups (P > .05). Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with a higher level of peripheral blood IFN-γ and a lower IL-4 level than healthy individuals (P < .05)., Conclusion: There was a strong link between sCRl, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. These markers can effectively monitor disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Siglec-1 is highly expressed in peripheral blood and can be used to track disease activity and inflammation in these patients. Regulating Th1/Th2-mediated homeostasis may help alleviate symptoms in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To investigate and compare the dietary structure between healthy people and patients in KBD area of Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet., Methods: A case-control study design was used, retrospectively select patients who had completed screening and registered in the national Kashin-Beck Disease surveillance system in 2021 in Luolong County, Qamdo, Tibet as the source population of the case group, and randomly selected people who had not been screened for Kashin-Beck disease in the same county as the control group. The self-made diet questionnaire was used to record the types of food consumption, frequency of food intake, basic information of the respondents, family size and other basic information in the past year by one-on-one interview., Results: The staple food with the highest response among the patients(97.33%) was rice(rice/rice noodle), and the highest response among the healthy people(90%) was non-wheat products, non-fried pasta(bread/steamed bun/noodles/dumplings), except instant noodles.78.7% of patients chose not to eat local wheat(Tibetan noodles), and the number of non-patients who chose to eat non-local wheat(Tibetan noodles) 3-4 times a week was significantly higher than that of patients. The meat and meat products with the highest response in both patients(93.33%) and healthy people(90%) was yak meat(local). The control group also chose to consume beef(non-local/lamb/mutton/other non-processed meat), poultry and livestock offal, fish(all seawater and freshwater fish), shrimp and crabs or other seafood, and their consumption rate and intake frequency were significantly higher than those of the case group. The consumption rate and frequency of tomato, onion and garlic(garlic shoots/leek/onion/onion) and fresh eggs(egg/duck egg/quail egg/goose egg) in control group were significantly higher than those in case group. There was no significant difference in consumption rate and frequency of fruits, milk and dairy products between the two groups., Conclusion: In addition to the local highland barley(zanba), most people also chose to purchase rice and flour, which changed the situation of single staple food in the past. However, compared with the healthy population in the disease area, the consumption rate and intake frequency of fish, shrimp and crabs, poultry and livestock viscera, eggs(fresh eggs) and vegetables(tomatoes, scallions, ginger and garlic) in KBD patients were significantly lower, the selection of meat varieties is single, mainly local yak meat, and the overall dietary structure still presents the risk of single type and unbalanced diet.