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Asymmetric Bragg reflection topography (EABRT), having a laboratory X-ray source condition and a Lang camera, are used in the characterization of the near-surface regions of Cd(1-x)Mn(x)Fe and Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te epilayers. The camera has an X-ray grazing incidence angle less than the critical angle for total external reflection. The efficiency of the EABRT technique for the nondestructive characterization of near-surface regions of crystals are used in the determination of the experimental topographs.

Acetylation of D-glucosamine catalysed by sulfuric acid and N-phthaloylation of the glucosyl acetate yielded 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-α-D-glucopyranose. This gave the corresponding pure β-glucosyl chloride upon treatment with PCl5-BF3. An anomeric chlorination with thionyl chloride combined with the Lewis acids (ZnCl2, SnCl4 and BiCl3) resulted in an α/β anomer mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The X-ray ultramicroscope (XuM), based on using a scanning electron microscope as host, provides a new approach to X-ray projection microscopy. The right-angle-type integrated sample cells described here expand the capabilities of the XuM technique. The integrated sample cell combines a target, a spacer, a sample chamber, and an exit window in one physical unit, thereby simplifying the instrumentation and providing increased mechanical stability. The XuM imaging results presented here, obtained using such right-angle integrated sample cells, clearly demonstrate the ability to characterize very small features in objects, down to of order 100nm, including their use for dry, wet and even liquid samples.