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With the rapid development of Internet technology and digital economy, many manufacturers sell their products through various channels. This paper develops Stackelberg game models by backward induction to analyze dynamic pricing decisions in a dual-channel supply chain enabled with blockchain technology. These models account for strategic consumer purchasing behaviors across sales periods. Analytical and numerical results provide insights into the pricing impacts of blockchain adoption under centralized and decentralized channel structures. Key findings indicate that blockchain adoption incentivizes channels to raise prices in early sales periods but lower prices later on. The results also reveal how consumer strategic behavior influences optimal pricing. This research contributes new knowledge on incorporating emerging blockchain technologies into retail channel design and operations.

Abstract In‐pond raceway systems (IPRS) are a high‐density ecological green pond aquaculture mode, which has developed rapidly in China in recent years. This study evaluated the flesh quality and physiological response of grass carp under the IPRS mode. Compared with the traditional earthen pond (EP) mode, the grass carp hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index under the IPRS mode are significantly (p

Flow velocity plays an important role in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and the growing practice of culturing juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In this study, the effects of flow velocity on the water quality as well as the ammonia excretion were discussed from the perspective of actual production, and a polynomial model of ammonia nitrogen excretion was established, using the juvenile largemouth bass. Results showed that the range of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen decreased with flow velocity increasing, while the number and volume share of large particles increased. According to the polynomial model, compared with the medium flow velocity (11 cm/s, 2.45 body length (bl)/s), the ammonia excretion of juvenile largemouth bass at high (18 cm/s, 4.00 bl/s), and low (4 cm/s, 0.90 bl/s) flow velocity changed faster with time, and the excretion rate peaked at the 6th hour after feeding, earlier than that under medium flow velocity. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the flow velocity at the 5th hour after feeding and then decreased it at the 10th hour, to ensure better water quality in RAS culturing juvenile largemouth bass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed manufacturing can quickly respond to market changes, improve resource utilization and productivity. In order to realize rational allocation of enterprise resource multi-workshop production planning in distributed manufacturing, this paper studies the manufacturing supply chain scheduling problem in distributed manufacturing environment. Based on the idea of dynamic alliance organization, this paper proposes a hybrid-structure distributed manufacturing control structure model which integrated both the integrated hierarchical structure and the distributed structure, it also constructs a mathematical model of distributed manufacturing supply chain scheduling based on the mechanism of combinatorial auction. In this paper, the optimized ant colony optimization (ACO) is used to simulate the distributed manufacturing supply chain scheduling problem. The research results show that the hybrid-structure ACO proposed in this paper can provide a reasonable manufacturing scheduling scheme, and determine the processing start time, end time of each process, and the processing machine for a certain part according to the actual situation of the workshop. The research method proposed by this paper enriches the research results of distributed manufacturing supply chain scheduling problem, effectively solves the scheduling problem of distributed manufacturing supply chain, and has certain practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]