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Enhancing photogalvanics electrical output in the sphere of solar energy is the goal of the study. The use of fossil fuels is also limitation to energy conversion. The photogalvanic (PG) cell with EDTA + TB + NaLS + CPC + Tween-80 produces superior results than a system with just one surfactant. The photopotential (PP) and photocurrent (PC) of the EDTA + TB + NaLS + CPC + Tween-80 photogalvanics were measured at 689.00 mV and 234.00 uA, respectively. The efficiency and performance of the EDTA + TB + NaLS + CPC + Tween-80 photogalvanics were determined to be 0.2811% and 109.00 min respectively. The photogalvanic system with mixed surfactants (NaLS + CPC + Tween-80) is a productive one with improved electrical characteristics. The performance of PG cells can be slightly improved by using individual surfactants as opposed to surfactant combinations. Surfactant combinations with qualities that are superior to those of the individual components can be used in PG cell applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Global scientific community is compelled to search out the renewable source of energy to feed the whole world with nonpolluting nature and commercial viability. Solar energy is a favorable option to contribute in fulfilling the energy demand. The main objective of the research is to enhance the solar energy conversion into electricity and store it through photogalvanic cells. The special designed H‐shaped photogalvanic system (PGS) was studied by using resistance key, carbon pot, micro‐ammeter and digital pH meter. The known amount of solution of surfactant, reductant, and dye was used for the cell. The various parameters were studied in a photogalvanic group having d‐Xylose+MB+Brij‐35+NaLS PGS. The impact of solar energy was studied by varying the various parameters in PGS. The maximum photopotential was observed at 690.00 mV for d‐Xylose+MB+Brij‐35+NaLS PGS. The maximum photocurrent was observed at 235.00 μA in d‐Xylose+MB+Brij‐35+NaLS PGS. The d‐Xylose+MB+Brij‐35+NaLS PGS performance was found at 120.00 minutes in absence of light. The efficiency was observed 0.2812% for d‐Xylose+MB+Brij‐35+NaLS PGS. The mixed surfactants (Brij‐35+NaLS) in PGS have experimentally proved the efficient system as the desired object of the research with special reference to enhanced electrical out and storage of solar energy. For solar radiation energy transformation, a proposed photochemical mechanism in PG cells is given for current generation. The main focus of investigation was reduction in cost of PGS along with enhancement of electrical output for storage capacity and conversion efficiency. The aim has been achieved by observing the double amount of storage capacity of a mixed surfactant system than a single surfactant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY The efforts have been made to convert solar energy into electrical energy by eosin as photosensitizer with different sugars fructose, arabinose, D-xylose, and mannose systems in photogalvanic cell along with providing them commercial viability using lower concentrations of the solutions. The generated photopotential and photocurrent are 848.0, 679.0, 825.0, and 758.0 mV and 240.0, 240.0, 250.0, and 170.0 μA, respectively. The maximum powers are 203.52, 162.96, 206.25, and 128.86 μW, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency is 0.8415, 0.6461 0.7026, and 0.6812% and the determined fill factors are 0.34, 0.37, 0.28, and 0.27 against the absolute value 1. The developed photogalvanic cell can work for 55.0, 75.0, 85.0, and 90.0 minutes in the dark. The photogeneration electricity is proved by a proposed mechanism. Conclusively, the photogalvanic cell so developed has shown appreciable conversion and storage of solar energy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies of the micellar effect on photogalvanics was done for solar energy conversion and storage in photogalvanic cell containing dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate as anionic micellar species, EDTA as reductant and safranine O as photosensitizer. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 800.0 mV and 65.0 µA respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.2532 per cent, the fill factor was 0.38 and the maximum power of the cell was 52.0 µW whereas the power at power point of the photogalvanic cell was 26.34 µW. The rate of initial generation of current was 37.5 µA min-1. The photogalvanic cell can be used for 80.0 minutes in the dark. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the photogalvanic cell were observed and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in the photogalvanic cell. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies of the micellar effect on photogalvanics were done for solar energy conversion and storage in a photogalvanic cell containing Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as cationic micellar species, EDTA as reductant, and Safranine O as photosensitizer. The photo-potential and photocurrent generated were 790.0 mV and 185.0 μA, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.1469 percent, the fill factor was 0.08, and the maximum power of the cell was 146.15 μW, whereas the power at power point of the photogalvanic cell was 15.28 μW. The rate of initial generation of current was 30.0 μA min-1. The photogalvanic cell can be used for 20.0 minutes in the dark. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the photogalvanic cell was observed and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in the photogalvanic cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photogalvanic effect was studied in photogalvanic cells containing EDTA as reductant and Methylene blue and Azur-B as photosensitizers. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 732.0 mV and 70.0 μA, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.1165% and the maximum output of the cell was 51.24 μW.The photogalvanic cell can be used for 46.0 min in the dark. The effects of different parameters on electrical output of the cell were observed and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photogalvanic effect was studied in photogalvanic cells containing safranine as photosensitizer, and EDTA, glucose and NTA as reductants in different systems. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 760 mV and 50 muA in EDTA-safranine system, 373 mV and 35 muA in glucose-safranine system and 415 mV and 35 muA in NTA-safranine system, respectively. The effects of different parameters on electrical output of the cells were observed and a mechanism has been proposed forthe generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]