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AbstractSalvia rosmarinushas the ability of environmental restoration as it prevents desertification and rapid soil erosion, this species has been assessed on marginal lands of Kashmir valley which was devoid of vegetation and in order to achieve maximum herbage and oil yield of rosemary, the optimization of plant spacing and nitrogen levels were very important factors that determine the physiology of the plants in the field. Four levels of spacing viz. 30×20 cm, 30×30 cm, 45×40 cm and 60×50 cm along with nitrogen viz. control, 175 kg N/ha, 225 kg N/ha and 275 kg N/ha were used to assess their effect on growth, yield and essential oil content of rosemary. The experiment consists of 16 treatment combinations which were replicated three times in a factorial randomized block design. Considering the results, rosemary plants transplanted at the widest spacing of 60×50 cm exhibited maximum growth, yield and quality attributes per plant except plant height. On a hectare basis, the growth, yield and quality attributes were found maximum at the closer spacing of 30×20 cm. Among nitrogen levels, rosemary plants nourished with a moderate amount of nitrogen (225 kg N/ha) attained maximum growth, yield and quality attributes. However dry leaf to stem ratio and essential oil content was not significantly influenced by plant spacing and nitrogen levels.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and content of different components in essential oil of Achillea millefoliumunder temperate climatic conditions. The yield of essential oil observed was 0.36% on fresh weight basis. Twenty five components were identified in the essential oil by GC-MS, contributing to 100% of the oil content including 7 monoterpene alcohols (41.02%), 2 monoterpene ketones (35.74%), 7 monoterpene hydrocarbons (14.91%), 3 sesquiterpene alcohols (5.32%), 5 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.62%) and 1 sesquiterpene ketone (0.39%). The main constituents observed were (+)-2-bornanone (35.15%), followed by eucalyptol (30.80%), sabinene (5.57%), α-terpineol (5.07%), camphene (4.22%) and copaen-4-α-ol(3.43%). Also, maximum antioxidant activity of 85.58% at 300 µg/ml was observed with DPPH.

BackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a heterogenous and poorly understood condition that can be provoked by quite minor injuries. The symptoms and signs of CRPS persist, long after the patient has recovered from the inciting event. In some cases, there is a clear association with a peripheral nerve injury. The degree of disability produced by CRPS is often out of proportion to the scale of the original insult and the condition is associated with protracted recovery times and frequent litigation.MethodsWe have performed a PubMed literature search, referenced landmark papers in the field and included a national expert in peripheral nerve injury and repair in our team of authors.Results and ConclusionsThe diagnostic criteria for CRPS have changed repeatedly over the last two centuries and much of the historical literature is difficult to compare with more recent research. In this review article, we consider how our understanding of the condition has evolved and discuss its pathogenesis, its apparent heterogenicity and the various investigations and treatments available to the clinician.

AbstractArtemisia absinthiumis a herbaceous perennial plant with fibrous root and it belongs to the family Asteraceae. Due to having strong fragrance and pungent taste it has ability to defend itself from the herbivore animals. Essential oil extracted from leaves, stem and seeds of A. absinthiumwere analyzed for termite mortality as well as termite repellency. Chemical constituents of essential oil from all three parts were identified and compared by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Total 16 compounds identified in the essential oil of leaves, stem and seeds in which boronyl acetate was present in major amount 26.59 %, 27.17 % and 26.63 % respectively. L-terpenen-4-ol was also identified in higher amount in leaves, stem and seeds; 18.24 %, 17.07 % and 17.3 % respectively. Leaf, stem and seed essential oil tested for termite mortality and repellency against Microcerotermes beesoni. Leaf essential oil showed significant and seed essential oil all were found to have moderate activity.

Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow is a common condition that presents with pain and tenderness around the common extensor origin of the elbow.

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine whether bat manufacturing units operational in Kashmir were sustainable entrepreneurial ventures or whether they exhibit a declining trend in terms of economic viability. The study also aimed to document the main constraints that confront the cricket bat industry in order to devise future strategies and research needs that can help to exploit the full economic potential of this indigenous wood-based industry. The present study was carried out in a bat manufacturing cluster, which is composed of about 70 units concentrated on the Jammu–Srinagar national highway in the valley of Kashmir (India). Results revealed that the cost of manufacturing cricket bats decreased with the increase in the size of the industrial unit, indicating the existence of “economies of scale.” The gross returns earned by small-, medium-, and large-scale units were more than 2.7, 5.0, and 8.2 million rupees (Rs), with benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) of 1.69, 2.05, and 2.29, respectively. The cost and return structure, in relation to various economic indicators such as BCR, net income, breakeven quantity, and export competitiveness, reflects positive trends, and the bat manufacturing activity fetched a reasonable profit to the unit holders, besides providing employment opportunities to youth and thereby reflecting that this entrepreneurial venture is an economically viable livelihood activity. These results indicate that, despite underutilization of installed production capacity, the manufacture of cricket bats is a lucrative venture in Kashmir and can be up-scaled to become highly competitive in terms of its export potential to other countries.

The article discusses the need for migrant doctors in Great Britain. Medical professionals from ethnic minorities have an important role to play in fostering better integration of their communities and in working towards adopting modern British values. The division within society has become a national concern, and the need for cohesiveness is accorded top priority. While these progressive professionals live close to the ethnic community of their origin, they freely interact and are able to assimilate British values.

A 50-year-old male presented with nephrotic syndrome associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Renal biopsy was suggestive of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The proteinuria disappeared 4 weeks after the removal of tumour. This is the second reported case of association between nephrotic syndrome and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.