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Abstract Multireservoir joint flood control operation is an important nonstructural measure for flood control in some basins. Owing to the existence of uncertainties in flood control operation, various degrees of risk can be shown in flood control operation systems. Examining these uncertainties and the resulting risk of failure in multireservoir operation systems is extremely beneficial and indispensable for basin flood mitigation. In this study, different stochastic simulation methods were employed to generate streamflow series at multiple stations and other uncertainties such as the flood forecast errors, discharge capacity, and reservoir storage. Then, the Monte Carlo framework was established based on the simulation sequence to estimate the risk of a failure of each flood control unit in the flood control system. Furthermore, a comprehensive risk assessment indicator was proposed to consider the failure probability and failure consequences at the same time. The Xiluodu‐Xiangjiaba‐Three Gorges cascade reservoirs were selected as a case study. Results show that the applied probabilistic simulation methods could simulate various uncertainties in a multireservoir flood control system effectively, and the proposed risk analysis method could comprehensively evaluate the risks of reservoir overtopping, flood flows exceeding a standard, and flood diversion from the perspective of overall watershed security.

Flood disasters are the most frequent and most severe natural disasters in most countries around the world. Reservoir flood operation is an important method to reduce flood losses. When there are multiple reservoirs and flood control points in the basin, it is difficult to use reservoirs separately to fully realize their flood control potential. However, the multi-reservoir joint flood control operation is a multi-objective, multi-constrained, multi-dimensional, nonlinear, and strong-transition feature decision-making problem, and these characteristics make modeling and solving very difficult. Therefore, a large-scale reservoirs flood control operation modeling method is innovatively proposed, and Dynamic Programming (DP) combined with the Progressive Optimality Algorithm (POA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods, DP-POA-PSO, are designed to efficiently solve the optimal operation model. The middle and upper Yangtze River was chosen as a case study. Six key reservoirs in the basin were considered, including Xiluodu (XLD), Xiangjiaba (XJB), Pubugou (PBG), Tingzikou (TZK), Goupitan (GPT), and Three Gorges (TG). Studies have shown that DP-POA-PSO can effectively solve the optimal operation model. Compared with the current operation method, the joint flood control optimal operation makes the flood control point reach the flood control standard, moreover, in the event of the flood with a return period of 1000 years, Jingjiang, the most critical flood control point of the Yangtze River, does not require flood diversion, and the volume of flood diversion in Chenglingji is also greatly reduced.

The risk inevitably exists in the process of flood control operation and decision-making of reservoir group, due to the hydrologic and hydraulic uncertain factors. In this study different stochastic simulation methods were applied to simulate these uncertainties in multi-reservoir flood control operation, and the risk caused by different uncertainties was evaluated from the mean value, extreme value and discrete degree of reservoir occupied storage capacity under uncertain conditions. In order to solve the conflict between risk assessment indexes and evaluate the comprehensive risk of different reservoirs in flood control operation schemes, the subjective weight and objective weight were used to construct the comprehensive risk assessment index, and the improved Mahalanobis distance TOPSIS method was used to select the optimal flood control operation scheme. The proposed method was applied to the flood control operation system in the mainstream and its tributaries of upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin, and 14 cascade reservoirs were selected as a case study. The results indicate that proposed method can evaluate the risk of multi-reservoir flood control operation from all perspectives and provide a new method for multi-criteria decision-making of reservoir flood control operation, and it breaks the limitation of the traditional risk analysis method which only evaluated by risk rate and cannot evaluate the risk of the multi-reservoir flood control operation system.

The purpose of a flood control reservoir operation is to prevent flood damage downstream of the reservoir and the safety of the reservoir itself. When a single reservoir cannot provide enough storage capacity for certain flood control points downstream, cascade reservoirs should be operated together to protect these areas from flooding. In this study, for efficient use of the reservoir storage, an optimal flood control operation model of cascade reservoirs for certain flood control points downstream was proposed. In the proposed model, the upstream reservoirs with the optimal operation strategy were considered to reduce the inflow of the reservoir downstream. For a large river basin, the flood routing and time-lag cannot be neglected. So, dynamic programming (DP) combined with the progressive optimality algorithm (POA) method, DP-POA, was proposed. Thus, the innovation of this study is to propose a two-stage optimal reservoir operation model with a DP-POA algorithm to solve the problem of optimal co-operation of cascade reservoirs for multiple flood control points downstream during the flood season. The upper Yangtze River was selected as a case study. Three reservoirs from upstream to downstream, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and the Three Gorges reservoirs (TGR) in the upper Yangtze River, were taken into account. Results demonstrate that the two-stage optimization algorithm has a good performance in solving the cascade reservoirs optimization problem, because the inflow of reservoir downstream and the division volumes were largely reduced. After the optimal operation of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs, the average reduction of flood peak for all these 13 typical flood hydrographs (TFHs) is 13.6%. Meanwhile, the cascade reservoirs can also store much more storm water during a flood event, and the maximum volumes stored in those two reservoirs upstream in this study can reach 25.2 billion m3 during a flood event. Comprising the proposed method with the current operation method, results demonstrate that the flood diversion volumes at the flood control points along the river decrease significantly.

Purpose • The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a novel treatment approach for Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLL) using a combination of suturing techniques and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) with mesh incisions. To summarize the clinical effects of a combination of suturing techniques and (Negative Pressure Wound Therapy) NPWT on the wall of Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLL) fibrotic pseudocapsules with mesh incisions in the treatment of MLLs. A retrospective analysis was performed on MLL patients from April 2017 to March 2021. Methods • This a retrospective case-control study and thirteen MLL patients were included in this retrospective analysis conducted between April 2017 and March 2021, who were treated with mesh incisions on the wall of the pseudocapsule, quilting suturing to degloved soft tissues, and NPWT. Physical examination, MRI, or ultrasound before surgery confirmed the diagnosis. Wound healing, secondary infection, recurrence, visual analog scale (VAS) scores before and after surgery, and skin and soft tissue condition were observed and evaluated. Results • The combination of mesh incisions, quilting sutures, and NPWT led to successful wound healing in 11 out of 13 cases without recurrent hematoma or secondary infection. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores significantly decreased after the operation, and the aesthetic and tactile qualities of the injured area improved. One case of skin and soft tissue necrosis infection before the operation, which healed after second-stage full-thickness skin grafting, 1 case healed after a dressing change, and the remaining 11 cases had wounds that healed by the first stage without secondary infection or recurrent hematoma formation. VAS scores decreased significantly after the operation, the appearance of the injured area was as expected, and the skin feel and elasticity recovered satisfactorily. Conclusion • The study demonstrates that the mesh incision technique, along with mattress sutures and NPWT, presents a feasible and effective approach for treating MLL with fibrotic pseudocapsules. This could shorten healing times, reduce risk of complications, and improve patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aims The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic trends of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality attributable to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods Data on IHD mortality attributable to high LDL-C from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the global disease burden database. Joinpoint software was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). An age‒period‒cohort model was used to analyze the impacts of age, period, and cohort on these changes. The Bayesian framework was used to predict IHD mortality attributable to high LDL-C from 2022 to 2040. Results The overall ASMR of IHD attributable to high LDL-C decreased from 50. 479 per 100,000 people in 1990 to 32.286 per 100,000 people in 2021, and ASMR of IHD attributable to high LDL-C was higher in males than in females. The longitudinal age curves of the overall IHD mortality attributable to high LDL-C showed a monotonic upward trend, especially after 65 years of age. The period and cohort effect relative risk (RR) values of overall IHD mortality attributable to high LDL-C showed a downward trend. The overall ASMR of IHD attributable to high LDL-C is predicted to show a downward trend, and male IHD mortality attributable to high LDL-C is expected to be higher than that of females. Conclusion This study revealed a sustained decrease in IHD mortality attributable to high LDL-C over three decades, with a continued decline expected. Despite this, gender disparities persist, with males experiencing higher mortality rates and elderly individuals remaining a vulnerable group.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic inside-out ganglionectomy of dominant dorsal wrist ganglion. Methods Patients with dominant wrist ganglion cyst treated in our hospital from January 1, 2014 to June 31, 2023 was enrolled in this retrospective analysis. All patients underwent dye-assist arthroscopic inside-out ganglionectomy. After discharge, the patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months. The primary outcomes were to assess patient wrist function using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS). The secondary outcomes were visual analog score (VAS), wrist active range of motion (ROM), grip strength, recurrence rate and complication. Results All ganglion were successfully resected after dye staining. Patients were followed for an average of 12.17 months. There were no significant changes between preoperative and postoperative wrist active ROM or grip strength, except for wrist flexion (which showed a slightly greater improvement after surgery, P = 0.049), there were notable improvements in VAS, MMWS, and PRWE postoperatively. Recurrence occurred in 3 patients. No major complications observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion Dye-assist arthroscopic inside-out ganglionectomy is safe and uncomplicated, worth of clinical promotion.

Abstract Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors among oral cancers, and its treatment is based on radio-chemotherapy and surgery, which always produces more serious side effects and sequelae. Traditional medicine can compensate for the shortcomings of modern medical treatments and play a better therapeutic role. Currently, active ingredients derived from plants are attracting the attention of researchers and clinical professionals. We examined capsaicin (CAP), an active ingredient isolated from Capsicum annuum (family Solanaceae), and explored the effect of CAP combined with cisplatin (DDP) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TSCC cells migration. Our results demonstrated that Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) induced EMT and promoted cell migration in TSCC cells. CAP combined with DDP inhibits non-TGF-β1-induced or TGF-β1-induced EMT and migration. Mechanistically, the inhibition of non-TGF-β1-induced EMT and migration by CAP combined with DDP was mediated by the AMPK/mTOR pathway, whereas TGF-β1-induced EMT and migration were regulated by the Claudin-1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. A nude lung metastasis mouse model was established for in vivo validation. These results support our hypothesis that the combination of CAP and DDP inhibits TSCC metastasis. These data set the stage for further studies aimed at validating CAP as an effective active ingredient for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy and reducing the dosage and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, ultimately paving the way for translational research and clinical trials for TSCC eradication.

Abstract Golden jackal optimization (GJO) is inspired by mundane characteristics and collaborative hunting behaviour, which mimics foraging, trespassing and encompassing, and capturing prey to refresh a jackal’s position. However, the GJO has several limitations, such as a slow convergence rate, low computational accuracy, premature convergence, poor solution efficiency, and weak exploration and exploitation. To enhance the global detection ability and solution accuracy, this paper proposes a novel complex-valued encoding golden jackal optimization (CGJO) to achieve function optimization and engineering design. The complex-valued encoding strategy deploys a dual-diploid organization to encode the real and imaginary portions of the golden jackal and converts the dual-dimensional encoding region to the single-dimensional manifestation region, which increases population diversity, restricts search stagnation, expands the exploration area, promotes information exchange, fosters collaboration efficiency and improves convergence accuracy. CGJO not only exhibits strong adaptability and robustness to achieve supplementary advantages and enhance optimization efficiency but also balances global exploration and local exploitation to promote computational precision and determine the best solution. The CEC 2022 test suite and six real-world engineering designs are utilized to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of CGJO. CGJO is compared with three categories of existing optimization algorithms: (1) WO, HO, NRBO and BKA are recently published algorithms; (2) SCSO, GJO, RGJO and SGJO are highly cited algorithms; and (3) L-SHADE, LSHADE-EpsSin and CMA-ES are highly performing algorithms. The experimental results reveal that the effectiveness and feasibility of CGJO are superior to those of other algorithms. The CGJO has strong superiority and reliability to achieve a quicker convergence rate, greater computation precision, and greater stability and robustness.

Abstract Background An mHealth-based school health education platform (EduSaltS) was promoted in real-world China to reduce salt intake among children and their families. This progress evaluation explores its implementation process and influencing factors using mixed methods. Methods The mixed-methods process evaluation employed the RE-AIM framework. Quantitative data were collected from a management website monitoring 54,435 third-grade students across two cities. Questionnaire surveys (n = 27,542) assessed pre- and post-education effectiveness. Mixed-effects models were used to control cluster effects. Qualitative interviews (23 individuals and 8 focus groups) identified program performance, facilitators, and barriers. Findings were triangulated using the RE-AIM framework. Results The program achieved 100% participation among all the third-grade classes of the 208 invited primary schools, with a 97.7% registration rate among all the 54,435 families, indicating high "Reach." Qualitative interviews revealed positive engagement from children and parents through the "small hands leading big hands" strategy. The high completion rate of 84.9% for each health cloud lesson and the significant improvement in salt reduction knowledge and behaviors scores from 75.0 (95%CI: 74.7–75.3) to 80.9 (95%CI: 80.6–81.2) out of 100 demonstrated the "Effect" of EduSaltS. The program's "Adoption" and "Implementation" were supported by attractive materials, reduced workload via auto-delivered lessons/activities and performance evaluation, and high fidelity to recommended activities, with medians 3.0 (IQR: 2.0–8.0)/class and 9.0 (IQR: 5.0–14.0)/school. Stable course completion rates (79.4%-93.4%) over one year indicated promising "Maintenance." Apart from the facilitating features praised by the interviewees, government support was the basis for the scaling up of EduSaltS. Barriers included the lack of smartphone skills among some parents and competing priorities for schools. Unhealthy off-campus environments, such as excessive use of salt in pre-packaged and restaurant foods, also hindered salt reduction efforts. The program's scalability was evident through its integration into existing health education, engagement of local governments and adaptation across various mobile devices. Conclusions The mHealth-based school health education program is scalable and effective for public salt reduction in China. Identified barriers and facilitators can inform future health program scale-ups. The program's successful implementation demonstrates its potential for broader application in public health initiatives aimed at reducing dietary salt intake.

Abstract Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is the predominant cause of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Impaired blood supply and reduced osteogenic activity of the femoral head are the key pathogenic mechanisms of SONFH. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are not only a biomarker for early vascular lesions caused by abnormal mineral metabolism, but can also act directly on the peripheral vascular system, leading to vascular pathology. The aim of this study was to observe the role of FGF23 on bone microarchitecture and vascular endothelium, and to investigate activation of pyroptosis in SONFH. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with methylprednisolone (MPS) was applied for SONFH mouse models, and adenovirus was used to increase or decrease the level of FGF23. Micro-CT and histopathological staining were used to observe the structure of the femoral head, and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the vascular density. The cells were further cultured in vitro and placed in a hypoxic environment for 12 h to simulate the microenvironment of vascular injury during SONFH. The effect of FGF23 on osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining and expression of bone formation-related proteins. Matrigel tube formation assay in vitro and immunofluorescence were used to detect the ability of FGF23 to affect endothelial cell angiogenesis. Steroids activated the pyroptosis signaling pathway, promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors in SONFH models, led to vascular endothelial dysfunction and damaged the femoral head structure. In addition, FGF23 inhibited the HUVECs angiogenesis and BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. FGF23 silencing attenuated steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting the pyroptosis signaling pathway, and promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro.

Nickel foam is widely used as a collector for electrocatalysts because of its excellent electrical conductivity; however, it is prone to react with elements such as oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus during the growth of electrode materials, which makes it brittle and fragile, thus limiting its large-scale application. In this study, bifunctional electrocatalysts with flexible multilevel Ni-based nanoclusters Ni@(Ni,Fe)Se2/Ni@CC were synthesized on carbon cloth (CC) by hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods; these flexible electrocatalysts are convenient for subsequent industrial applications. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotentials of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reached 98 and 224 mV, respectively, exceeding the catalytic effects of most metal-based collectors. The overall water-splitting potential of the catalyst was only 1.56 V at 10 mA cm−2, and the performance was maintained after a 24 h stability test. Ni@(Ni,Fe)Se2/Ni@CC significantly improved the activity in alkaline environments by modulating the center of the d-band, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of the catalyst for H ions. In this study, we improved the intrinsic activity and charge transfer of transition metal electrocatalysts by modifying the carbon cloth and constructing multilevel Ni-based nanoclusters, which provided some insights into the rational design of flexible bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Abstract The origin of energetic charged particles in universe remains an unresolved issue. Astronomical observations combined with simulations have provided insights into particle acceleration mechanisms, including magnetic reconnection acceleration, shock acceleration, and stochastic acceleration. Recent experiments have also confirmed that electrons can be accelerated through processes such as magnetic reconnection and collisionless shock formation. However, laboratory identifying stochastic acceleration as a feasible mechanism is still a challenge, particularly in the creation of collision-free turbulent plasmas. Here, we present experimental results demonstrating kinetic turbulence with a typical spectrum k −2.9 originating from Weibel instability. Energetic electrons exhibiting a power-law distribution are clearly observed. Simulations further reveal that thermal electrons undergo stochastic acceleration through collisions with multiple magnetic islands-like structures within the turbulent region. This study sheds light on a critical transition period during supernova explosion, where kinetic turbulences originating from Weibel instability emerge prior to collisionless shock formation. Our results suggest that electrons undergo stochastic acceleration during this transition phase.

Abstract Background and purpose PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have become a promising therapy. However, the response rate is lower than 30% in patients with cervical cancer (CC), which is related to immunosuppressive components in tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the most important immune cells, are involved in the formation of tumor suppressive microenvironment. Therefore, it will provide a theoretical basis for curative effect improvement about the regulatory mechanism of TAMs on PD-L1 expression. Methods The clinical data and pathological tissues of CC patients were collected, and the expressions of PD-L1, CD68 and CD163 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the macrophage subtypes involved in PD-L1 regulation. A co-culture model was established to observe the effects of TAMs on the morphology, migration and invasion function of CC cells, and the regulatory mechanism of TAMs on PD-L1. Results PD-L1 expression on tumor cells could predict the poor prognosis of patients. And there was a strong correlation between PD-L1 expression with CD163+TAMs infiltration. Similarly, PD-L1 expression was associated with M1/M2-type TAMs infiltration in bioinformatics analysis. The results of cell co-culture showed that M1/M2-type TAMs could upregulate PD-L1 expression, especially M2-type TAMs may elevate the PD-L1 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway. Meanwhile, M1/M2-type TAMs can affect the morphological changes, and enhance migration and invasion abilities of CC cells. Conclusions PD-L1 expression in tumor cells can be used as a prognostic factor and is closely related to CD163+TAMs infiltration. In addition, M2-type TAMs can upregulate PD-L1 expression in CC cells through PI3K/AKT pathway, enhance the migration and invasion capabilities, and affect the tumor progression.

This paper systematically studies the effect of quenching temperature on the microstructure evolution and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of air-cooled TRIP steel prepared with C–Si–Mn hot-rolled sheet. The results indicate that when the quenching temperature is lower than (200 °C) or close to (250 °C) the Ms temperature, the martensite transformation mainly occurs during quenching or at early stage of air cooling. When the quenching temperature reaches 300 °C, lathy bainite begins to form. As the quenching temperature increases, the morphology of bainite is transformed from lathy to granular. Bainite transformation during air cooling can promote the C enrichment in austenite, thus improving the thermal stability of the austenite. However, martensite transformation also occurs during subsequent air cooling, and the start temperature of martensite transformation first decreases and then increases with the increase of quenching temperature from 300 °C to 450 °C. The yield and tensile strength of TRIP specimens first decrease and then increase, while the retained austenite content, elongation and product of strength and elongation (PSE) first increase and then decrease. When the quenching temperature is 400 °C, the best elongation and PSE are obtained. The best elongation of 400TRIP specimen is mainly attributed to its highest content and suitable mechanical stability of retained austenite, which is favorable for the expansion of the TRIP effect range. The TRIP specimens prepared with hot-rolled sheet all exhibit ultra-high tensile strength (over 1050 MPa), which is related to the ultrafine ferrite grains, martensite transformation during air cooling and TRIP effect of retained austenite.

Abstract A wideband end‐fire stepped slot antenna with gain enhancement and filtering capability is proposed. On one hand, a parasitic dipole serving as a director is introduced in the stepped slot to improve the radiation gain of the slot antenna without increasing its physical size. It is found that a gain enhancement of about 2 dB can be achieved after adopting such approach. On the other hand, an absorptive branch possessing a nearly complementary frequency response with regard to the one of the slot antenna is in‐parallel loaded at the microstrip feedline. It allows the partial dissipation of the out‐of‐band/non‐radiated RF‐signal power of the antenna to attain both an RF‐quasi‐absorptive behaviour and filtering capability. It is found that after loading the dissipative branch, the out‐of‐band radiation efficiency of the slot antenna is reduced to less than 20%. The measured results of a fabricated proof‐of‐concept antenna prototype show a reasonable agreement with the simulated ones and verify the RF performance merits of the proposed stepped slot antenna, such as wide RF operating band covering the 3.39−4.73‐GHz range, end‐fire radiation with a front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) above 10 dB, flat radiation gain, and co‐integrated filtering functionality with RF‐quasi‐absorptive capability.

Abstract In clinical flap practice, there are a lot of studies being done on how to promote the survival of distal random flap necrosis in the hypoxic and ischemic state. As a traditional Chinese medicine, dihydromyricetin (DHM) is crucial in preventing oxidative stress and apoptosis in a number of disorders. In this work, we examined the impact of DHM on the ability to survive of ischemia flaps and looked into its fundamental mechanism. Our results showed that DHM significantly increased the ischemic flaps' survival area, encouraged angiogenesis and blood flow, reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and stimulated KEAP1‐Nrf2 (Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor) signaling pathways. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) upregulation of KEAP1 expression also negated the favorable effects of DHM on flap survival. By activating KEAP1‐Nrf2 signaling pathways, DHM therapy promotes angiogenesis while reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Abstract Background Ulnar impingement syndrome is a prevalent source of ulnar carpal pain; however, there is ongoing debate regarding the specific location of shortening, the method of osteotomy, the extent of shortening, and the resulting biomechanical alterations. Method To investigate the biomechanical changes in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) resulting from different osteotomy methods, a cadaveric specimen was dissected, and the presence of a stable DRUJ structure was confirmed. Subsequently, three-dimensional data of the specimen were obtained using a CT scan, and finite element analysis was conducted after additional processing. Results The DRUJ stress did not change significantly at the metaphyseal osteotomy of 2–3 mm but increased significantly when the osteotomy length reached 5 mm. When the osteotomy was performed at the diaphysis, the DRUJ stress increased with the osteotomy length, and the increase was greater than that of metaphyseal osteotomy. Stress on the DRUJ significantly increases when the position is changed to pronation dorsi-extension. Similarly, the increase in stress in diaphyseal osteotomy was greater than that in metaphyseal osteotomy. When the model was subjected to a longitudinal load of 100 N, neither osteotomy showed a significant change in DRUJ stress at the neutral position. However, the 100 N load significantly increased stress on the DRUJ when the position was changed to pronation dorsi-extension, and the diaphyseal osteotomy significantly increased stress on the DRUJ. Conclusions For patients with distal oblique bundle, metaphyseal osteotomy result in a lower increase in intra-articular pressure in the DRUJ compared to diaphyseal osteotomy. However, it is crucial to note that regardless of the specific type of osteotomy employed, it is advisable to avoid a shortening length exceeding 5 mm.

Abstract Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (FLAC) is a rare form of lung adenocarcinoma and was divided into high-grade (H-FLAC) and low-grade (L-FLAC) subtypes. Despite the existence of some small case series studies, a comprehensive multi-omics study of FLAC has yet to be undertaken. In this study, we depicted the multi-omics landscapes of this rare lung cancer type by performing multi-regional sampling on 20 FLAC cases. A comparison of multi-omics profiles revealed significant differences between H-FLAC and L-FLAC in a multi-omic landscape. Two subtypes also showed distinct relationships between multi-layer intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). We discovered that a lower genetic ITH was significantly associated with worse recurrence-free survival and overall survival in FLAC patients, whereas higher methylation ITH in H-FLAC patients suggested a short survival. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity in FLAC and suggest that different types of ITH may have distinct implications for patient prognosis.

Objective The main objective of this study was to determine available energy and nutritional digestibility of extruded cereals and the effect of extrusion on the nutritional value of feed ingredients, aiming to provide scientific basis for efficient application of extrusion in the diets of growing pigs. Methods In Exp. 1, 48 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.6±2.2 kg were selected and fed with eight diets (non-extrusion or extrusion) to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and nutrients digestibility. Eight diets included extruded grains (barley, wheat, sorghum, or broken rice), while four had unprocessed grains. In Exp. 2, 9 diets were formulated including 4 cereals with extrusion or non-extrusion and a N-free diet. In addition, 9 growing pigs (BW = 22.3±2.8 kg) were fitted with T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 9×6 Youden square design. Results Results show that apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, organic meal, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber was not affected by the extrusion process and there was no interaction between cereal type and extrusion treatment on DE, ME. However, the apparent total tract digestibility for crude protein (CP) increased markedly (p

Abstract Extreme within-lake conditions have the potential to exert detrimental effects on lakes. Here we use satellite observations to investigate how the occurrence of multiple types of extremes, notably algal blooms, lake heatwaves, and low lake levels, have varied in 2724 lakes since the 1980s. Our study, which focuses on bloom-affected lakes, suggests that 75% of studied lakes have experienced a concurrent increase in at least two of the extremes considered (27% defined as having a notable increase), with 25% experiencing an increase in frequency of all three extremes (5% had a notable increase). The greatest increases in the frequency of these extremes were found in regions that have experienced increases in agricultural fertilizer use, lake warming, and a decline in water availability. As extremes in lakes become more common, understanding their impacts must be a primary focus of future studies and they must be carefully considered in future risk assessments.

Abstract The aims of our study were to examine whether initial or subsequent adiposity status had a greater effect on hypertension. We collected data in 1992 and again in 2007 from the same group of 597 individuals in the middle age. The subjects were classified into four groups: individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) in 1992 and 2007 were in Group I; those with a normal BMI in 1992, but became overweight or obese in 2007 were in Group II; those who were overweight or obese in 1992, but had a normal BMI in 2007 were in Group III; and those who were overweight or obese in 1992 and 2007 were in Group IV. Their demographic data were recorded. The relationship between adiposity status and hypertension was analyzed using logistic regression model. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 35.5%, 56.3%, 50.0%, and 65.1% for Group I to IV, respectively. Compared with Group I, after adjusted factors, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.80 for Group II (P = .001), 1.40 for Group III (P = .150), and 2.31 for Group IV (P

Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered to be the most common agent of severe diarrhea in cattle worldwide, causing fever, diarrhea, ulcers, and abortion. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is also a major bovine respiratory disease agent that spreads worldwide and causes extensive damage to the livestock industry. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method with the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity and sensitivity, which has been widely used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. A dual RPA assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of BVDV and BoHV-1. The assay was completed at a constant temperature of 37 °C for 30 min. It was highly sensitive and had no cross-reactivity with other common bovine viruses. The detection rate of BVDV RPA in clinical samples (36.67%) was higher than that of PCR (33.33%), the detection rate of BoHV-1 RPA and PCR were equal. Therefore, the established dual RPA assay for BVDV and BoHV-1 could be a potential candidate for use as an immediate diagnostic.

Objective In order to facilitate the digital transformation and high-quality development of Shanghai rail transit, it is imperative to construct a digital twin model and create a unified, authoritative, and precise spatial database, providing spatial data service capabilities for application scenarios involving spatial geography such as line network planning, construction, operation and maintenance, and management. Method Combined actual scenes and stock data, a variety of technologies such as 3D laser point cloud, satellite remote sensing and drones are used for 3D reconstruction to generate a spatial digital base model. Urban rail transit thematic spatial data is collected using handheld 3D laser scanners, and the collected point cloud data model is monomerized. Utilizing GIS (geographic information system) technology, the urban rail transit real-world 3D model, planning and control data, and various spatial basic geographic data are integrated into a visualization platform to establish a ′full-space, full-period, and full-factor′ spatial digital base. Taking Shanghai Rail Transit Jiuting Station as example, the layered floor plans and a 3D real-world model of the station are created, and the model files are linked with various attribute information before being integrated inro the urban rail transit line spatial digital base. Result & Conclusion The urban rail transit line spatial digital base, combined with spatial basic geographic data, can provide unified spatial geographic services for the ′planning-design-management-operation′ of the network. Integrating 3D real-world models of stations and information on land acquisition ranges under construction into the spatial digital base could facilitate the daily management of urban rail transit real estate and fixed assets, providing authoritative, accurate and intuitive decision-making basis for the daily operation and management of urban rail transit.

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated Cas protein (CRISPR–Cas), a powerful genome editing tool, has revolutionized gene function investigation and exhibits huge potential for clinical applications. CRISPR–Cas-mediated gene knockout has already become a routine method in research laboratories. However, in the last few years, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that genes knocked out by CRISPR–Cas may not be truly silenced. Functional residual proteins could be generated in such knockout organisms to compensate the putative loss of function, termed herein knockout escaping. In line with this, several CRISPR–Cas-mediated knockout screenings have discovered much less abnormal phenotypes than expected. How does knockout escaping happen and how often does it happen have not been systematically reviewed yet. Without knowing this, knockout results could easily be misinterpreted. In this review, we summarize these evidences and propose two main mechanisms allowing knockout escaping. To avoid the confusion caused by knockout escaping, several strategies are discussed as well as their advantages and disadvantages. On the other hand, knockout escaping also provides convenient tools for studying essential genes and treating monogenic disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which are discussed in the end.

The genus Polygala (Polygalaceae), comprising about 670 species worldwide, has more than 40 species in China. The roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd., Polygala sibirica L., and Polygala japonica Houtt. are recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Other closely related plants of the Polygala genus are also widely used in the folk medicine of southern China, such as Polygala fallax Hemsl., Polygala arvensis Willd., and Polygala glomerata Lour. To systematically compare the chemical compositional and elucidate characteristic compounds among the Polygala genus, six Polygala species, namely P. tenuifolia, P. sibirica, P. japonica, P. fallax, P. arvensis and P. glomerata, underwent comprehensive phytochemical studies using the ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technique, resulting in the identification of 154 compounds, consisting of 62 oligosaccharide esters (40.26 %), 58 saponins (37.66 %), 29 xanthones (18.83 %), and 5 other chemicals (3.25 %). Based on the Masslynx computational tool, a comprehensive comparative phytochemical profiling was achieved and revealed differences in composition among the six Polygala species. P. sibirica exhibited higher levels of specific compounds and was more closely related to P. tenuifolia. Meanwhile, P. japonica showed greater similarity to P. fallax, P. arvensis, and P. glomerata. Oligosaccharide esters and triterpene saponins were more abundant in P. sibirica and P. tenuifolia than in other species. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-acrylohydrazide [DPPH], 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt [ABTS], copper ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC], and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) of the six species were evaluated. Among them, P. tenuifolia demonstrated superior antioxidant potential, with a lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for scavenging DPPH radicals and excellence in CUPRAC (119.85 ± 16.28 μM/0.01 g) compared to other plants. P. japonica showed higher ABTS (98.94 ± 0.03 μM/0.01 g) and FRAP (42.58 ± 0.08 μM/0.01 g). Total flavonoids showed remarkable antioxidant capabilities among the six medicinal plants. Total saponins and phenolics also contributed to the antioxidant potential of these plants. The systematic data and results obtained may provide methodological support for further evaluating the potential use of folk Polygala plants as new effective materials in various commercial sectors, including food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

BackgroundChina exited strict Zero-COVID policy with a surge in Omicron variant infections in December 2022. Given China’s pandemic policy and population immunity, employing Baidu Index (BDI) to analyze the evolving disease landscape and estimate the nationwide pneumonia hospitalizations in the post Zero COVID period, validated by hospital data, holds informative potential for future outbreaks.MethodsRetrospective observational analyses were conducted at the conclusion of the Zero-COVID policy, integrating internet search data alongside offline records. Methodologies employed were multidimensional, encompassing lagged Spearman correlation analysis, growth rate assessments, independent sample T-tests, Granger causality examinations, and Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) models for comprehensive data scrutiny.ResultsVarious diseases exhibited a notable upsurge in the BDI after the policy change, consistent with the broader trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. Robust connections emerged between COVID-19 and diverse health conditions, predominantly impacting the respiratory, circulatory, ophthalmological, and neurological domains. Notably, 34 diseases displayed a relatively high correlation (r > 0.5) with COVID-19. Among these, 12 exhibited a growth rate exceeding 50% post-policy transition, with myocarditis escalating by 1,708% and pneumonia by 1,332%. In these 34 diseases, causal relationships have been confirmed for 23 of them, while 28 garnered validation from hospital-based evidence. Notably, 19 diseases obtained concurrent validation from both Granger causality and hospital-based data. Finally, the BSTS models approximated approximately 4,332,655 inpatients diagnosed with pneumonia nationwide during the 2 months subsequent to the policy relaxation.ConclusionThis investigation elucidated substantial associations between COVID-19 and respiratory, circulatory, ophthalmological, and neurological disorders. The outcomes from comprehensive multi-dimensional cross-over studies notably augmented the robustness of our comprehension of COVID-19’s disease spectrum, advocating for the prospective utility of internet-derived data. Our research highlights the potential of Internet behavior in predicting pandemic-related syndromes, emphasizing its importance for public health strategies, resource allocation, and preparedness for future outbreaks.

IntroductionImproving photosynthetic use efficiency in dryland agroecosystems to sustain high agricultural yields is a key responsibility for ensuring food security.MethodsThis study was conducted in the regions on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China during 2018–2020. Dryland maize of Xianyu 335 comprised four modes: basic yield input (CK, plastic film mulching, 37500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and unfertilized), farmer input (FP, plastic film mulching, 45000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and inorganic nitrogen(N) and phosphate(P) fertilizer were 150kg.ha-1 and 90kg.ha-1), high yield and high-efficiency input (HH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 67500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic manure(M) fertilizer were 230kg.ha-1, 140kg.ha-1 and 1500kg.ha-1), and super high yield input (SH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 9000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic M fertilizer were 300kg.ha-1, 180kg.ha-1 and 7500kg.ha-1). The effects of different cultivation modes on yield, WUE, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll index(SPAD value) and root index were studied.ResultsThe results showed that the value average of yield and WUE for CK were 7790kg and 17480kg.ha-1 in three years. SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE was significant higher compared with CK cultivation mode (P

Traditionally, virtual inertia is used as the control strategy for wind turbines when participating in frequency regulation. However, it has inherent defects in measurement error amplification due to the frequency differential. Also, when control delay of wind turbines is taken into consideration, virtual inertia is essentially a fast power response, just the same as droop control. Hence, considering the adaptability of droop control, it is valuable to explore a novel droop control method without virtual inertia, as the frequency response model of wind turbines. For this reason, a multi-segment droop control strategy is proposed to provide a reliable frequency regulation model for wind turbines that can be broadly applied to other inverter-based power sources. Firstly, based on the extended system frequency response model, a differential equation including piecewise time-varying coefficients is established, and the analytical expression of the frequency response is obtained using the impulse function balancing principle and the integration by parts algorithm. Subsequently, based on analytical expression, the performance of the presented strategy is theoretically analyzed via comparison with virtual inertia control, and the conclusion that the presented multi-segment droop control has better frequency regulation performance can be got. Furthermore, to achieve optimal frequency regulation performance, a Lagrangian function is established to determine the optimal parameters of the proposed control strategy. Finally, the performance of the proposed strategy was verified in a two-area system model constructed on MATLAB/Simulink. Results show that the proposed multi-segment droop control has better frequency regulation performance.

Abstract Heavy precipitation, which is changing significantly as Earth's climate warms, can result in flooding that seriously damages societies. However, little is known about how heavy precipitation of varying durations responds to the diverse gradients of urban development in China. Through statistical analyses spanning from 1990 to 2021, we have examined shorter‐duration (≤3 days) and longer‐duration (>3 days) heavy precipitation across a spectrum of urban development, encompassing long‐term built‐up (LTB), recently built‐up (RTB), and rural background catchments within each urban agglomeration catchment (UAC) across China. We find that urbanization primarily influences shorter‐duration heavy precipitation, with a more pronounced effect observed in the LTB catchments. Conversely, the influence of urbanization on longer‐duration heavy precipitation appears to be more weakened in the RTB catchments. The intensification of shorter‐duration heavy precipitation induced by urbanization is more pronounced in humid regions and within larger UACs, while the urban effect on longer‐duration heavy precipitation is weaker in humid regions and within larger UACs. Notably, the attribution analysis results of the geographical detector model confirm our findings. Anthropogenic‐related factors (population density, nighttime light data, impervious surface percent, land surface temperature) significantly influence shorter‐duration heavy precipitation in more UACs than natural factors (distance from the coast, wind and elevation), while natural factors dominate longer‐duration events in larger UACs across China. Our results highlight the necessity of considering the spatial difference between the UAC center and UAC periphery for accurate projections and effective prevention of heavy precipitation and potential flood risks in the future.

Clear aligner therapy is a rapidly developing orthodontic treatment. 3D-printing technology, which enables the creation of complex geometric structures with high precision, has been used in dentistry. This article aims to summarize the various aspects of 3D-printing clear aligners and give an outlook on their future development. The traditional thermoforming technology is introduced and the principle and application of 3D-printed clear aligners and materials are introduced, as well as the application prospects of 3D-printed clear aligners. According to PRISMA statement, the relevant literature of 3D-printing clear aligner was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and other databases. We searched the related words in the MESH database and then carried out advanced searches. We read systematic review and conference papers to find the articles related to the subject and manually added and excluded articles by reading the title and abstract. The production of clear aligners combines computer-aided 3D analysis, personalized design and digital molding technology. The thickness and edges of the 3D-printed clear aligner can be digitally controlled, which allows appliance more efficiently fitted. Presently, the array of clear resins suitable for 3D-printing include photo polymeric clear methacrylate-based resin (Dental LT) (Form Labs, Somerville, Mass), aliphatic vinyl ester-polyurethane polymer (Tera Harz TC-85) (Graphy, Seoul, South Korea). They all have good biocompatibility. But no such material is currently approved on the market. Developing biocompatible resins and further improving the material’s mechanical properties will be critical for the combination of 3D-printing and clear aligners. However, the literature on 3D-printed clear aligners is limited and lacks clinical application. Further in vivo and in vitro tests, as well as additional exploration in conjunction with corresponding cytological tests, are required for the research on available materials and machinery for 3D-printing clear aligners.

“Green-covering and red-heart” Guanyin Tuqu (GRTQ), as a type of special fermentation starter, is characterized by the “green-covering” formed on the surface of Guanyin Tuqu (SQ) and the “red-heart” in the center of Guanyin Tuqu (CQ). However, the mechanisms that promote temporal succession in the GRTQ microbial ecology and the formation of “green-covering and red-heart” characteristics remain unclear. Herein, we correlated the temporal profiles of microbial community succession with the main environmental variables (temperature, moisture, and acidity) and spatial position (center and surface) in GRTQ throughout fermentation. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods, the microbial communities in the CQ and SQ demonstrated functional complementarity. For instance, the bacterial richness index of the CQ was greater than that of SQ, and the fungal richness index of the SQ was greater than that of CQ at the later stage of fermentation. Furthermore, Saccharomycopsis, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Monascus, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Rhodanobacter, and Chitinophaga were identified as the dominant microorganisms in the center, while the surface was represented by Saccharomycopsis, Aspergillus, Monascus, Lactobacillus, Acetobacter, and Weissella. By revealing the physiological characteristics of core microorganisms at different spatial positions of GRTQ, such as Aspergillus clavatus and Monascus purpureus, as well as their interactions with environmental factors, we elucidated the color formation mechanism behind the phenomenon of “green” outside and “red” inside. This study provides fundamental information support for optimizing the production process of GRTQ.

Metal-based nanoparticles have garnered significant usage across industries, spanning catalysis, optoelectronics, and drug delivery, owing to their diverse applications. However, their potential ecological toxicity remains a crucial area of research interest. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in studying the ecotoxicity of these nanoparticles, encompassing exposure pathways, toxic effects, and toxicity mechanisms. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges and future prospects in this research domain. While some progress has been made in addressing this issue, there is still a need for more comprehensive assessments to fully understand the implications of metal-based nanoparticles on the environment and human well-being.

Krill oil (KO), extracted from the Antarctic marine crustacean Euphausia superba, is a nutrient-dense substance that includes rich profiles of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), phospholipids (PLs), astaxanthin (ASX), as well as vitamins A and E, minerals, and flavonoids. As a high-quality lipid resource, KO has been widely used as a dietary supplement for its health-protective properties in recent years. KO has various benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, metabolic regulatory, neuroprotective, and gut microbiome modulatory effects. Especially, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects make KO have potential in skin care applications. With increasing demands for natural skin anti-aging solutions, KO has emerged as a valuable nutraceutical in dermatology, showing potential for mitigating the effects of skin aging and enhancing overall skin health and vitality. This review provides an overview of existing studies on the beneficial impact of KO on the skin, exploring its functional roles and underlying mechanisms through which it contributes to dermatological health and disease management.

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant bovine pathogen associated with various diseases, including bovine bronchopneumonia and mastitis resulting in substantial economic losses within the livestock industry. However, the development of effective control measures for M. bovis is hindered by a limited understanding of its virulence factors and pathogenesis. Nucleomodulins are newly identified secreted proteins of bacteria that internalize the host nuclei to regulate host cell gene expression and serve as critical virulence factors. Although recent reports have initiated exploration of mycoplasma nucleomodulins, the efficiency of conventional techniques for identification is very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish high-throughput methods to identify novel nucleomodulins of M. bovis. Using a direct biotinylation (DB) approach, a total of 289 proteins were identified including 66 high abundant proteins. In parallel, the use of proximity-based biotinylation (PBB), identified 28 proteins. Finally, seven nucleomodulins were verified to be nuclear by transfecting the bovine macrophage cell line BoMac with the plasmids encoding EGFP-fused proteins and observed with Opera Phenix, including the known nucleomodulin MbovP475 and six novel nucleomodulins. The novel nucleomodulins were four ribosomal proteins (MbovP599, MbovP678, MbovP710, and MbovP712), one transposase (MbovP790), and one conserved hypothetical protein (MbovP513). Among them, one unique nucleomodulin MbovP475 was identified with DB, two unique nucleomodulins (MbovP513 and MbovP710) with PBB, and four nucleomodulins by both. Overall, these findings established a foundation for further research on M. bovis nucleomodulin-host interactions for identification of new virulence factors.

Summary: Simultaneously guiding electromagnetic waves and heat flow at any incidence angle to smoothly bypass some electromagnetic/thermal sensitive elements is a key factor to ensure efficient communication and thermal protection for an on-chip system. In this study, an omnidirectional on-chip electromagnetic-thermal cloak is proposed. Firstly, a holey metallic plate with periodic array of subwavelength apertures is designed by optical surface transformation to realize an omnidirectional electromagnetic cloaking module for on-chip electromagnetic signal. Secondly, a two-layer ring-shaped engineered thermal structure is designed by solving Laplace equation to realize an omnidirectional thermal cloaking module for in-chip heat flow. Finally, these two cloaking modules are combined to achieve cloaking effect for both the electromagnetic waves and thermal fields simultaneously, thus protecting the build-in electromagnetic/thermal sensitive elements without disturbing the external fields. The proposed electromagnetic-thermal cloak may have potential advantage in dealing with omnidirectional electromagnetic compatibility/shielding and multi-directional thermal management/dissipation of an on-chip system.

Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) continues to pose a significant mortality risk with a lack of dependable biomarkers for early noninvasive cancer detection. Here, we find that aberrant lipid metabolism is significantly enriched in lung cancer cells. Further, we identified four signature lipids highly associated with LUAD and developed a lipid signature-based scoring model (LSRscore). Evaluation of LSRscore in a discovery cohort reveals a robust predictive capability for LUAD (AUC: 0.972), a result further validated in an independent cohort (AUC: 0.92). We highlight one lipid signature biomarker, PE(18:0/18:1), consistently exhibiting altered levels both in cancer tissue and in plasma of LUAD patients, demonstrating significant predictive power for early-stage LUAD. Transcriptome analysis reveals an association between increased PE(18:0/18:1) levels and dysregulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, which consistently displays strong prognostic value across two LUAD cohorts. The combined utility of LSRscore and PE(18:0/18:1) holds promise for early-stage diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD.

Abstract Insertion sequences (ISs) promote the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) across bacterial populations. However, their contributions and dynamics during the transmission of resistance remain unclear. In this study, we selected IS26 as a representative transposable element to decipher the relationship between ISs and ARGs and to investigate their transfer features and transmission trends. We retrieved 2656 translocatable IS26 ‐bounded units with ARGs (tIS26‐bUs‐ARGs) in complete bacterial genomes from the NCBI RefSeq database. In total, 124 ARGs spanning 12 classes of antibiotics were detected, and the average contribution rate of IS26 to these genes was 41.2%. We found that IS26 ‐bounded units (IS26‐bUs) mediated extensive ARG dissemination within the bacteria of the Gammaproteobacteria class, showing strong transfer potential between strains, species, and even phyla. The IS26‐bUs expanded in bacterial populations over time, and their temporal expansion trend was significantly correlated with antibiotic usage. This wide dissemination could be due to the nonspecific target site preference of IS26. Finally, we experimentally confirmed that the introduction of a single copy of IS26 could lead to the formation of a composite transposon mediating the transmission of “passenger” genes. These observations extend our knowledge of the IS26 and provide new insights into the mediating role of ISs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

Abstract This study proposes an image-based three-dimensional (3D) vector reconstruction of industrial parts that can generate non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) surfaces with high fidelity and flexibility. The contributions of this study include three parts: first, a dataset of two-dimensional images is constructed for typical industrial parts, including hexagonal head bolts, cylindrical gears, shoulder rings, hexagonal nuts, and cylindrical roller bearings; second, a deep learning algorithm is developed for parameter extraction of 3D industrial parts, which can determine the final 3D parameters and pose information of the reconstructed model using two new nets, CAD-ClassNet and CAD-ReconNet; and finally, a 3D vector shape reconstruction of mechanical parts is presented to generate NURBS from the obtained shape parameters. The final reconstructed models show that the proposed approach is highly accurate, efficient, and practical.