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Abstract The observation of high-T c superconductivity (HTSC) in concomitant with pressure-induced orthorhombic-tetragonal structural transition in bilayer La3Ni2O7 has sparked hopes of achieving HTSC by stabilizing the tetragonal phase at ambient pressure. Chemical pressure, introduced by replacing La3+ with smaller rare-earth R 3+ has been considered as a potential route. However, our experimental and theoretical investigation reveals that such substitutions, despite causing lattice contraction, actually produce stronger orthorhombic distortions, requiring higher pressures for the structural transition. A linear extrapolation of P c versus the average size of A-site cations (), yields a putative critical value of c ≈ 1.23 Å for P c ≈ 1 bar. The negative correlation between P c and indicates that replacing La3+ with smaller R 3+ ions is unlikely to reduce P c to ambient pressure. Instead, substituting La3+ with larger cations like Sr2+ or Ba2+ might be a feasible approach. Our results provide guidance for realizing ambient-pressure HTSC in bilayer nickelates.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRNU). Methods 90 patients who received LRNU at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2018 and July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 43 in the ERAS group and 47 in the pre-ERAS group. The clinical features, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), and hospital expenditures of the two groups were compared via t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Chi-square test. Results In comparison to the pre-ERAS group, the total and postoperative LOS were significantly shorter in the ERAS group [total LOS: 15.0 (13.0–20.0) vs. 21.0 (16.0–26.0), p

Abstract It is significant to study the stability of surrounding rock in soft rock tunnels to ensure construction safety and improve efficiency. Through triaxial shear tests on soft rock at various confining pressures, we observed the failure characteristics transitioning from strain softening to strain hardening as confining pressure increases. An improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion has been proposed to characterize the critical confining pressure effect of soft rock, with tensile strength in the tensile zone aligning with experimental results, showing an error of less than 5%. By assuming that the micro-unit strength of soft rock follows a two-parameter Weibull distribution, we constructed a statistical damage constitutive model for soft rock in mountain tunnels. This model provides a more realistic depiction of damage change, failure processes, and stress-strain evolution in soft rock, thereby validating its scientific and rational foundation. The research findings can serve as a valuable reference for mountain tunnel construction.

In the field of autonomous driving, the accuracy and real-time requirements for 3D object detection technology continue to improve, which is directly related to the commercialization process and market popularity of autonomous vehicles. Despite the efficiency of pillar-based coding for onboard systems, it falls short in terms of accuracy and the reduction of incorrect positives. In this paper, we will examine how to solve the problem of high incorrect rate and low accuracy of existing methods. Firstly, a MAP coding module is introduced to optimize previous point cloud feature coding modules, allowing for the efficient extraction of fine-grained features from point cloud data. Then, we introduce an innovative sparse dual attention (SDA) to efficiently filter out irrelevant details in feature extraction, thereby improving the pertinence and efficiency of information extraction. Finally, to address the potential loss of information from single local feature extraction, a local and global fusion module (CTGC) is introduced. Our method has proactively demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy through rigorous experimentation across diverse datasets. Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that our solutions provide accurate and robust detection results. Code will be available at https://github.com/lcy199905/MyOpenPCDet.git.

Permeability is an essential parameter in CBM exploration and greenhouse gas storage. Accurate understanding of gas flow in coal seam can not only reasonably predict CBM production, but also improve the efficiency of CO2 geological storage. The general coal rock permeability prediction model is from the effective stress and gas adsorption point of view for the theoretical derivation of the model, but in practice, the complexity and uncertainty of the internal structure of the matrix of the coal rock, and adsorption related to the distribution of the mineral constituents of the phenomenon of inhomogeneous, which tends to ignore the matrix region of non-uniform adsorption deformation of the influence of this factor. Therefore, in this paper, the matrix region of coal and rock is divided into two regions with different adsorption capacity, and the permeability model of coal and rock is re-derived. The field data and laboratory data are used to compare and verify the proposed model, and the influence of non-uniform adsorption of matrix region on permeability evolution is analyzed by finite element software. The results show that: ① The proposed model has a high matching degree with field and laboratory experimental data, and the permeability prediction data under different boundary conditions have high reliability. ② The permeability of the non-adsorption expansion area of the matrix will be reduced by the squeezing effect of the adsorption expansion area, and the closer to the adsorption expansion deformation area, the stronger the squeezing effect, and the more obvious the reduction in permeability of the non-adsorption expansion area. ③ With the increase of the adsorption area of the matrix, the stress disturbance of the adjacent matrix region will be earlier, and the gas permeability will be lower when the compressed matrix region is in equilibrium. The improved permeability model can better understand the influence of regional matrix interaction in coal and rock on permeability, and has certain theoretical guiding significance for coalbed methane exploitation.

Abstract Objectives Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, which is a valuable measure of insulin resistance, has been found to have predictive value for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its relationship with CVD among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focused on examining the relationship of the TyG index and CVD among CKD patients in United States. Methods 3507 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2018) were surveyed in this study. Methods such as multivariable logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were employed to estimate how the TyG index is linked to CVD in CKD populations. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted in order to figure out potential moderating effects of various factors. Results In this cross-sectional study which based on a population with CKD, 29.5% of patients also had CVD. An independent and positive link of TyG and CVD was revealed (OR 1.213, 95% CI 1.059, 1.389). This association was nonlinear, with a threshold effect observed at a TyG index of 8.98. The results of subgroup analysis suggested that the relationships of TyG and CVD differed according to CKD stage: (OR 1.048, 95% CI 0.857, 1.282) in CKD stages 1–2; (OR 1.267, 95% CI 1.030–1.560) in stage 3; and (OR 2.131, 95% CI 1.224–3.709) in stages 4–5. Interaction analyses further suggested the potential moderating effects of CKD stage. Additionally, among specific CVD types, only coronary heart disease (CHD) had a significant and positive relationship with TyG (OR 1.617, 95% CI 1.123, 2.327). Conclusions TyG index was identified to be independently and positively related to the likelihood of CVD, specifically in populations with an eGFR

Abstract Pheromones play a pivotal role in chemical communication across various taxa, with protein-based pheromones being particularly significant in amphibian courtship and reproduction. In this study, we investigate the Emei music frog (Nidirana daunchina), which utilizes both acoustic and chemical signals for communication. Base on a de novo assembled genome of a male Emei music frog, we identify substantial expansion in four pheromone-related gene families associated with chemical communication. Notably, six members of the two-domain three-finger protein (2D-TFP) family, belonging to the sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) pheromone system, exhibited high and specific expression in the male post-axillary glands during the breeding season. Structural and evolutionary analyses confirm the presence of the SPF system across amphibians, classifiable into four distinct classes (two within urodeles and two within anurans). We propose a complete regulatory network governing SPF secretion via the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular-breeding gland axis, and suggest testosterone synthesis as the pivotal pathway. Behavioral experiments further reveal a previously unknown female-attractant role of SPF in anurans. Overall, these findings not only highlight the underestimated diversity and function of pheromones in anurans, but also provide important insights into the evolution of protein-based pheromones in vertebrates.

Abstract Background This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole oral solution in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Methods This was a multicenter, single-arm phase IV study involving 134 patients in China in the acute stage of schizophrenia from May 2021 to July 2022. The patients received aripiprazole oral solution 10 − 30 mg/d for 12 weeks. The effectiveness endpoints included the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale score. The safety endpoints included adverse events, laboratory inspection indicators (including the serum prolactin level [PRL]), and waist circumferences (WC). Results Ultimately, 86 patients (64.18%) completed the trial, and 21 patients (15.67%) dropped out due to poor effectiveness. From baseline to week eight, 43.28% of patients had a PANSS reduction of ≥ 50%, 82.84% of patients improved in the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I scale score of 1 − 3), and the percentage of patients with abnormal PRL and waist circumferences decreased significantly. In total, 45 patients (33.58%) experienced mild adverse drug reactions predominately manifested as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs; 9.70%), constipation (8.96%), and palpitations (7.46%). Upon further subgroup analysis, aripiprazole oral solution demonstrated significantly improved effectiveness in first-episode schizophrenia patients and those with symptoms of agitation. Conclusions Aripiprazole oral solution displayed positive clinical effectiveness and favorable tolerability in Chinese patients in the acute stage of schizophrenia. Clinical trial registration Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2100044653. Name of trial registration: A real-world study of Aripiprazole Oral Solution in the treatment of schizophrenia (Registration date: 25/03/2021). The full trial protocol can be accessed at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ).

Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare, complex, and incredibly foetal congenital heart disease. To decrease neonatal mortality, evolving HLHS (eHLHS) in pregnant women should be critically diagnosed as soon as possible. However, diagnosis is currently heavily dependent on skilled medical professionals using foetal cardiac ultrasound images, making it difficult to rapidly and easily examine for this disease. Herein, the authors propose a cost‐effective deep learning framework for rapid diagnosis of eHLHS (RDeH), which we have named RDeH‐Net. Briefly, the framework implements a coarse‐to‐fine two‐stage detection approach, with a structure classification network for 4D human foetal cardiac ultrasound images from various spatial and temporal domains, and a fine detection module with weakly‐supervised localisation for high‐precision nidus localisation and physician assistance. The experiments extensively compare the authors’ network with other state‐of‐the‐art methods on a 4D human foetal cardiac ultrasound image dataset and show two main benefits: (1) it achieved superior average accuracy of 99.37% on three categories of foetal ultrasound images from different cases; (2) it demonstrates visually fine detection performance with weakly supervised localisation. This framework could be used to accelerate the diagnosis of eHLHS, and hence significantly lessen reliance on experienced medical physicians.

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic DNA virus that can cause acute or chronic hepatitis, representing a significant global health concern. By 2019, approximately 296 million individuals were chronically infected with HBV, with 1.5 million new cases annually and 820,000 deaths due to HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer. Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B include nucleotide analogs (NAs) and interferons (IFNs), particularly IFN-α. NAs, such as entecavir and tenofovir, inhibit viral reverse transcription, while IFN-α exerts antiviral effects by directly suppressing viral replication, modulating viral genome epigenetics, degrading cccDNA, and activating immune responses. Despite its potential, IFN-α shows limited clinical efficacy, partly due to HBV’s interference with the IFN signaling pathway. HBV encodes proteins like HBc, Pol, HBsAg, and HBx that disrupt IFN-α function. For example, HBV Pol inhibits STAT1 phosphorylation, HBsAg suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation, and HBx interferes with IFN-α efficacy through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, HBV downregulates key genes in the IFN signaling pathway, further diminishing IFN-α’s antiviral effects. Understanding these interactions is crucial for improving IFN-α-based therapies. Future research may focus on overcoming HBV resistance by targeting viral proteins or optimizing IFN-α delivery. In summary, HBV’s ability to resist IFN-α limits its therapeutic effectiveness, highlighting the need for new strategies to enhance treatment outcomes.

Abstract Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition that causing vasospasm of the digital extremities and have a great influence on the quality of patients life. Distraction osteogenesis is accompanied with vascularization and regeneration of surrounding soft tissues. There have been no previous reports of using radial cortex transverse distraction for the treatment of RP. Since January 2019 to January 2023, 6 patients with RP accepted radial cortex transverse distraction. They were failed to conventional treatment for at least six months before the surgery. All the patients were followed-up over 1 year. The bone cortex healed without osteomyelitis or fractures. The ulcer of finger healed in one month. The pain and skin pale released after the surgery. The VAS score declined from 6 to 2 and the finger SpO2 improved. Radial cortex transverse distraction facilitated finger ulcer healing, salvage the hand and improved Raynaud symptoms. These findings suggest that radial cortex transverse distraction may be an effective procedure to treat the Raynaud’s phenomenon. Level of Evidence II Therapeutic study.

Poplar stands as one of the primary afforestation trees globally. We successfully generated transgenic poplar trees characterized by enhanced biomass under identical nutrient conditions, through the overexpression of the pivotal nitrogen assimilation gene, pxAlaAT3. An environmental risk assessment was conducted for investigate the potential changes in rhizosphere soil associated with these overexpressing lines (OL). The results show that acid phosphatase activity was significantly altered under ammonium in OL compared to the wild-type control (WT), and a similar difference was observed for protease under nitrate. 16SrDNA sequencing indicated no significant divergence in rhizosphere soil microbial community diversity between WT and OL. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the OL caused minimal alterations in the metabolites of the rhizosphere soil, posing no potential harm to the environment. With these findings in mind, we anticipate that overexpressed plants will not adversely impact the surrounding soil environment.

With the growing popularity of fitness, the demand for real-time action recognition and feedback is increasing. Current research faces challenges in handling complex actions, real-time processing, and system integration. To address these issues, we propose a novel fitness action recognition model that integrates ResNet, Transformer, and transfer learning techniques. Specifically, ResNet is used for image feature extraction, Transformer handles time-series data processing, and transfer learning accelerates the model’s adaptation to new data. We evaluated our model on the NTU RGB+D action recognition dataset, achieving 48.5 ms latency, 29.1 fps throughput, and 93.7% accuracy, significantly outperforming other models. Our model achieved an accuracy improvement of 5% over existing methods, demonstrating significant potential for real-time fitness monitoring. By incorporating IoT technology, our system enables real-time data processing and action recognition, making it ideal for smart fitness monitoring. Although the model has high complexity and memory usage, its efficiency and accuracy demonstrate its potential for widespread adoption. Future work will focus on optimizing the model structure and training methods to enhance applicability in resource-constrained environments, ensuring broader usability and efficiency in various real-world applications.

Introduction Ischemic stroke is a major global health issue, with active smoking identified as a key modifiable risk factor. This study examines the burden of ischemic stroke due to active smoking from 1990 to 2021 across different socio-demographic contexts. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database were used to extract information on mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to active smoking-related ischemic stroke. Countries and regions were categorized by the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) into five levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Studio, including the calculation of Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) and joinpoint regression models. Results In 2021, there were 342,674 deaths globally due to ischemic stroke caused by active smoking, with an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 4.06 and a population-attributable fraction (PAF) of 9.54%. The number of deaths increased by 35.59% from 1990 to 2021, with males aged 70 and above experiencing the largest increase. The global age-standardized DALY rate in 2021 was 98.29, with an overall increase in DALYs by 33.55% from 1990. Regional analysis revealed significant disparities, with the Middle SDI region reporting the highest number of deaths and DALYs, while the High SDI region reported the lowest. Geographically, East Asia had the highest burden in 2021. Nationally, China had the highest number of deaths and DALYs due to smoking-related ischemic stroke. Conclusions This study highlights the significant global burden of ischemic stroke attributable to active smoking and the critical need for targeted smoking cessation programs and stroke prevention strategies. Despite overall declines in ASMR and age-standardized DALY rates, the burden varies significantly across different regions and socio-demographic groups. Effective public health interventions, particularly in low to middle SDI regions, are essential to mitigate the impact of smoking-related ischemic stroke and improve global health outcomes.

The decline in ovarian estrogen production is known to have detrimental health consequences and negatively affect the quality of life in menopausal women. Increasing estradiol levels is key to preventing disease in menopausal women. In this study, Lactobacillus gasseri CCFM1255 isolated from healthy infants was found to have a positive effect on estradiol production in ovariectomized rats. CYP19, the key enzyme catalysing the conversion of androgens into estrogens, was upregulated in adipose tissue upon CCFM1255 treatment. Untargeted metabolome analysis and targeted metabolite detection were used to identify the key metabolites altered by CCFM1255 treatment. CCFM1255 treatment significantly improved the serum concentration of glutamine (Gln). A significantly positive correlation was observed between serum Gln and estradiol concentrations. CCFM1255 treatment reshaped the structure of the gut microbiome, which was correlated with certain changes in serum metabolite concentrations. These results indicate that the provision of CCFM1255 as a dietary supplement may be an effective strategy to alleviate menopausal symptoms by increasing circulating estradiol.

In recent years, breakthroughs have been continuously made in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin. Overpressure is commonly developed in the deep and ultra-deep layers of this area. Clarifying the overpressure formation mechanism and its relationship with oil and gas enrichment is of great significance for guiding oil and gas exploration in these areas. In this study, the pressure distribution characteristics in the deep and ultra-deep layers of the southern margin were analyzed using drill stem test (DST)-measured pressure data. The complex overpressure formation mechanism in Hutan 1 (HT1) gas reservoir was identified through comprehensive analysis of mudstone compaction curves, VES-VP cross-plots, and DEN-VP cross-plots. Based on the acoustic emission experiments and stress field simulations, the relationship between overpressure and oil and gas accumulation in HT1 gas reservoir was analyzed and discussed. The analysis showed that: (1) Except for the first row of thrust belts at the mountain front, extremely strong overpressure with a pressure coefficient greater than 2.0 was widely developed in the deep and ultra-deep layers of the southern margin. Vertically, overpressure was distributed in the thick mudstone of the Tugulu Group and its underlying strata. Horizontally, strong overpressure mainly developed in the second and third rows of structural belts at the mountain front in the middle section of the southern margin and in the Sikeshu Sag in the western section. (2) Comprehensive analysis identified that the overpressure in HT1 gas reservoir was caused by undercompaction and structural compression. Regional rapid deposition of thick mudstone caused undercompaction-associated overpressure, while the strong north-south trending compressive stress exerted by the Tianshan uplift during the late Himalayan Movement onto the southern margin caused structural compression overpressure in the deep and ultra-deep layers. (3) The formation of fluid overpressure in the deep layers promoted the folding deformation of the anticline trap in the Qingshuihe Formation of HT1 gas reservoir, forming an optimal area for oil and gas accumulation. Meanwhile, it changed the fluid dynamic field pattern around the Huxi anticline, increasing the gas potential gradient and enhancing the natural gas migration dynamics, thus providing favorable dynamic conditions for oil and gas enrichment in the Huxi anticline.

This study investigates the effects of orientation and strain rate on the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism during shear deformation of interstitial free steel. The stress-orientation correlation of hydrogen embrittlement is related to atomic-scale mechanisms, as evidenced through in situ electron backscatter diffraction, slow-strain-rate shear testing, electron microscopic characterization, and molecular dynamics simulations. The dislocation density increment after hydrogen charging was 59.25% higher along the [100] crystallographic zone axis than along the [11‾1‾] crystallographic zone axis, which is mainly attributed to the combined effect of strain-induced transport and interstitial diffusion of hydrogen atoms. The strain rate correlation of hydrogen embrittlement is also affected by the interstitial diffusion during the strain-induced transport of H. Interstitial diffused hydrogen induce dislocation forest emissions that promote local plasticity, which ultimately leads to the orientation and strain rate correlation of hydrogen embrittlement.

Abstract Airborne warning and control systems (AWACS) serve as critical command and control centres in air combat operations, making them prime targets for strategic attacks. These enemy attacks typically rely on the accurate determination of AWACS combat positions using different direction‐finding devices. In particular, passive monopulse angle measurement systems locate AWACS by measuring the angles of signals emitted by AWACS radiation sources, thus rendering them vulnerable to attacks. Given the criticality of the airborne radars of AWACS in battle command and control operations, they must function continuously to monitor air and sea targets. Hence, AWACS cannot effectively evade electronic reconnaissance systems through tactics such as radar shutdown. To explore alternative measures, the authors investigate the deception mechanisms of an integrated frequency diverse array AWACS (FDA‒AWACS) against passive monopulse angle measurements. Using an established FDA signal model, the principles underlying two common monopulse angle measurement methods are first outlined. Subsequently, the angle estimation formulae typically used by these monopulse angle measurement systems to interpret received FDA radiation signals are derived. Additionally, the transmit beampatterns, amplitude patterns, and angle measurement deception capabilities of several typical FDAs are examined. Simulation results indicate that the FDA‒AWACS can theoretically deceive passive monopulse angle measurement systems to a certain extent. However, one‐dimensional uniform linear FDAs and other arrays using sinusoidal frequency offsets exhibit limited deception abilities. In contrast, arrays utilising cubic and quartic frequency offset achieve angle measurement errors exceeding 2° in far‐field scenarios.

Abstract Underwater robots can collect comprehensive information on species and habitats when conducting seabed operations, enhancing localized insights and expanding underwater ecological understanding. One approach uses autonomous underwater vehicles, but proximity operations may disturb sediments and compromise observation quality. Another approach uses wheeled or legged benthic robots, but unavoidable contact limits their application in delicate ecosystems like coral reefs. To address these challenges, we propose a maneuverable underwater vehicle for near-seabed observations. This vehicle moves with minimal turbulence and shows strong resistance to external disturbances, enabling high-quality seabed observation as close as 20 cm. It rapidly detects intense disturbances like turbulence and wall effects, allowing real-time path planning to prevent bottoming. Multiple tests in various marine environments, including sandy areas, coral reefs, and sheer rock, show low sediment disturbance and improved adaptability to rugged underwater terrain.

Abstract The large deformation and strong rheological characteristics of the underground rock body under complex geological conditions have led to the failure of the support system and even the instability of tunnels from time to time. Based on the theory of groundwater seepage, the elastic solution of the mechanical model of the tunnel anchorage support system under seepage is solved, which reveals the influence of seepage on the peripheral rock and the support parameters of the anchorage support system; the viscoelastic solution is solved according to the corresponding principle of elasticity—viscoelasticity, which analyses the influence of seepage on the rheological process of the anchorage support system; and the model is simulated with the help of finite element software, which analyses the agreement and discrepancy of the numerical solution and the theoretical solution. The results show that the analytical and numerical solutions are basically consistent. This study can provide important guidance for controlling long-term stability of water-rich tunnel rocks.

Abstract Agile and adaptive maneuvers such as fall recovery, high-speed turning, and sprinting in the wild are challenging for legged systems. We propose a Curricular Hindsight Reinforcement Learning (CHRL) that learns an end-to-end tracking controller that achieves powerful agility and adaptation for the legged robot. The two key components are (i) a novel automatic curriculum strategy on task difficulty and (ii) a Hindsight Experience Replay strategy adapted to legged locomotion tasks. We demonstrated successful agile and adaptive locomotion on a real quadruped robot that performed fall recovery autonomously, coherent trotting, sustained outdoor running speeds up to 3.45 m/s, and a maximum yaw rate of 3.2 rad/s. This system produces adaptive behaviors responding to changing situations and unexpected disturbances on natural terrains like grass and dirt.

In urban smart city environments, traffic hazards can lead to catastrophic outcomes, including significant property losses and severe threats to public safety. Conventional traffic monitoring systems are limited in terms of accuracy and speed, presenting significant challenges for real-time traffic surveillance. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces the GC-YOLOv9 algorithm. Specifically, we have enhanced the YOLOv9 model by incorporating Ghost Convolution, markedly improving the model’s perceptual abilities and detection accuracy. Furthermore, this study designed an integrated smart city framework that includes layers for service applications, the Internet of Things, edge processing, and data centers. By deploying the enhanced YOLOv9 model within this framework, our method achieved mAP@0.5 scores of 77.15 and 74.95 on the BDD100K and Cityscapes datasets, respectively, surpassing existing technologies. Additionally, the potential applications of this method in public area fire safety management, forest fire monitoring, and intelligent security systems further underscore its significant value in improving the safety and efficiency of smart cities.

Abstract Land hermit crabs are a group of shell-carrying crabs that have evolved remarkable terrestrial adaptations in behavior, morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain unclear. In addition, usually it is very difficult to get good genome assemblies for crustaceans. In this study, we managed to assemble the first chromosome-level genome for a land hermit crab (Coenobita brevimanus) with careful manual curation. The final assembly spans 4.74 Gb, with the contig N50 of 1.75 Mb and scaffold N50 of 42.95 Mb, encompassing 117 chromosomes that account for 96.54% of the genome. The evaluations including genome BUSCO (95.26%), Merqury qv (35.88) and the mapping ratio of pair-end short reads (99.48%) showed the high-continuity of C. brevimanus genome assembly, making it the genome with the highest quality in crustaceans with genome size bigger than 3 Gb. The availability of this chromosome-scale genome of crustaceans represents a valuable resource for the land hermit crab, which represents an independent water-to-land transition evolutionary event in the animal kingdom.

Abstract As medical informatization continues to progress, the sophistication of smart medicine (SM) systems has led to a marked enhancement in the caliber of medical services provided. Nevertheless, the existing body of literature is sparse when it comes to frameworks for evaluating service quality, specifically within the domain of smart medicine (SM). Drawing on a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model that fuses the best–worst method (BWM) with the VIKOR approach, this research has crafted an innovative framework for assessing the service quality of SM. BWM was used to obtain the weights of all dimensions and indicators under each dimension. Then, the service quality of hospitals H1, H2 and H3 in Xiamen was evaluated using the VIKOR method. The results showed that smart appointments, diagnosis and treatment are three important dimensions to evaluate SM service quality in medical institutions. The stability and robustness of the model were proved through sensitivity analysis. Findings suggest that hospitals can strengthen the construction of their appointment information platforms, the quality management of internal doctors, and the information connection between self-service terminals and information platforms to improve hospital service quality in the construction of smart medicine.

Seven cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through the co-precipitation method. These nanoparticles include Fe3O4, Zn0.4Fe0.62+Fe23+O4, Mn0.4Fe0.62+Fe23+O4, Zn0.6Mn0.4Fe0.42+Fe1.63+O4, Zn0.4Mn0.6Fe0.42+Fe1.63+O4, Zn0.4Mn0.4Fe0.22+Fe23+O4, and Zn0.4Mn0.4Fe0.42+Fe1.83+O4. The Rietveld method was used to analyze X-ray diffraction data, confirming that all samples have a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The presence of zinc and manganese ions in magnetite lattice leads to changes in lattice parameters and crystallite size, resulting in a range of 7–12 nm crystallite sizes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of nanoparticles reveals two significant adsorption peaks at 560-576 cm−1 and 437-449 cm−1, corresponding to metal ion stretching vibrations at tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the presence of iron, zinc, and manganese in various oxidation states. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed spherical, agglomerated nanoparticles. The study confirmed the elemental composition and mapping images of prepared samples using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were meticulously examined utilizing a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. A direct correlation is established between the structural alterations induced by Zn2+/Mn2+ and their subsequent effects on magnetic characteristics, specifically through the reallocation of cations and the mechanisms of electron hopping occurring at the B-sites. The structural modifications result in enhanced superparamagnetic behavior, exhibiting saturation magnetization values between 46.01 and 69.38 emu/g. The sustainable characteristics of these materials render them highly viable options for applications in environmental remediation and green technology.

In daily fitness activities, posture recognition and motion capture are extremely important. This study aims to explore skeleton-based action recognition technology and compare the effects of using only skeleton information and fused image features. We introduce an improved spatiotemporal pyramid graph convolutional network, which enhances the performance of the model by introducing edge importance scores and multi-level feature representation when dealing with specific action recognition tasks. The proposed model is tested on the UW-IOM and TUM kitchen datasets to verify its applicability in real-world scenarios, the mAP of UW-IOM reached 85.89, achieving the best result and proving the effectiveness of the model. Through experiments, we confirm that in certain cases, the accuracy of skeleton information is the key to improving action recognition performance, while in scenarios where image information is not rich or skeleton information is inaccurate, the fusion of image features can provide performance supplements. In addition, we demonstrate the advantages of our method by comparing with existing methods.

With the integration of dance art and computer technology, automatic dance score generation has become a new research direction in computer vision and machine learning, but generating the corresponding Laban symbols by capturing the skeletal key points of dance movements is a challenging task. In this study, we propose an automatic dance score generation model that utilizes local spatio-temporal features to address the inefficiency and creativity limitations of traditional choreography methods. Specifically, we propose the Multiscale Spatio-Temporal Convolution (MSConv) module to capture local spatio-temporal features in human skeletal motion sequences. In addition, the Compressed Pyramid Attention (CPA) mechanism is used to achieve effective fusion of global and local features. This mechanism facilitates the interaction between global and local spatio-temporal information and automatically generates dance sequences by analyzing motion data from dance videos to extract key features. We validate the proposed method on Laban 16 and Laban 48 dance score datasets, and the generated Laban sequences preserve the original style of the dance sequences with a combined accuracy of 94.2% and 93.7%, respectively.

Abstract Background An atypical type A thymoma variant was recently added to the World Health Organization classification of type A thymoma in 2015. This novel form of type A thymoma presents with hypercellularity, increased mitotic activity, and necrosis. In particular, necrosis seems to be related to postoperative recurrence and metastasis, but the clinical significance of these changes still needs to be studied. Case presentation A 76-year-old man underwent thoracoscopic surgery for tumour resection due to an anterior mediastinal mass. Pathological examination revealed that the tumour invaded the surrounding thymic tissue. Cells were arranged in nest-like and whirl-like patterns, accompanied by prominent comedo-like necrosis, increased cell density, mild atypia, and a mitotic count of 4–6 per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of cytokeratin 19 and P63 in the tumour cells. Lymphocytes in the background were positive for CD3 and CD5, did not express terminal deoxynucleotide transferase, CD20, or CD117, and had an MIB-1 labelling index(LI) value of 15%. On the basis of these findings, the tumour was finally diagnosed as an atypical type A thymoma variant. Conclusions We report a case of atypical type A thymoma and review the literature to enhance our understanding of and provide accumulated pathological data on this rare disease.

Abstract Mobile payment, as a new form of transactional payment method, has garnered attention from users. However, few studies have discussed the mobile payment behavior of the elderly. Our research aims to explore the influencing factors on elderly’s intention to use mobile payments. This research established and empirically validated a mobile payment acceptance model for the elderly. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze data from 316 elderly participants. The results indicate that perceived ease of use directly affects perceived usefulness. The Mobile payment intention of the elderly is positive influenced by perceived usefulness and perceived ease to use. Furthermore, information quality and service quality directly influence perceived trust. Perceived trust, information quality, and service quality all have directly affects on the intention to use mobile payments. Mobile payment intention is negatively affected by perceived risk. The findings of this study can serve as references for mobile payment developers, as well as relevant policy-making and regulatory authorities, facilitating the design of mobile payment technology systems that are more suitable for the elderly and promoting the sustainable development of mobile payments.

Abstract Background Numerous studies have investigated links between body mass index (BMI) trajectories and cardiovascular risk, yet discrepancies in BMI measurement duration and timing of the cardiovascular-related outcome evaluation have led to inconsistent findings. Methods We included participants from the Swedish birth cohort (BAMSE) and applied latent class mixture modeling to identify BMI trajectories using data of multiple BMI measures (≥ 4 times) from birth until 24-year follow-up (n = 3204). Subsequently, we analyzed the associations of BMI trajectories with lipids (n = 1974), blood pressure (n = 2022), HbA1c (n = 941), and blood leukocytes (n = 1973) using linear regression. We also investigated the circulating levels of 92 inflammation-related proteins (n = 1866) across BMI trajectories. Results Six distinct BMI groups were identified, denoted as increasing—persistent high (n = 74; 2.3%), high—accelerated increasing (n = 209; 6.5%), increasing—accelerated resolving (n = 142; 4.4%), normal—above normal (n = 721; 22.5%), stable normal (n = 1608; 50.2%), and decreasing—persistent low (n = 450; 14.1%) BMI groups. The increasing—persistent high and high—accelerated increasing BMI groups had higher levels of total cholesterol [mean difference (95% confidence intervals): 0.30 (0.04–0.56) and 0.16 (0.02–0.31) mmol/L], triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin A1C [3.61 (2.17–5.54) and 1.18 (0.40–1.98) mmol/mol], and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios, but a lower level of high-density lipoprotein than the stable normal BMI group. These two groups also had higher leukocyte cell counts and higher circulating levels of 28 inflammation-related proteins. No increased cardiometabolic markers were observed in the increasing—accelerated resolving BMI group. Conclusions Participants with persistently high or accelerated increasing BMI trajectories from birth to young adulthood have elevated levels of cardiometabolic risk markers at young adulthood than those with stable normal BMI. However, a raised BMI in childhood may not be inherently harmful to cardiometabolic health, provided it does not persist into adulthood.

Abstract The progression and outcome of bladder cancer (BLCA) are critically affected by the propensity of tumor metastasis. Our previous study revealed that activation of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway promoted migration of BLCA cells; however, the exact mechanism is unclear. Here we show that elevated expression of MVA pathway enzymes in BLCA cells, correlating with poorer patient prognosis by analyzing single-cell and bulk-transcriptomic datasets. Inhibition of the MVA pathway, either through knockdown of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) or using inhibitors such as zoledronic acid or simvastatin, led to a marked reduction in BLCA cell migration. Notably, this effect was reversed by administering geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), not farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or cholesterol, indicating the specificity of geranylgeranylation for cell motility. Moreover, we found that RhoB, a Rho GTPase family member, was identified as a key effector of the impact of the MVA pathway on BLCA metastasis. The post-translational modification of RhoB by GGPP-mediated geranylgeranylation influenced its protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, overexpression of RhoB was found to block the membrane translocation of integrin β1 in BLCA cells. In summary, our findings underscore the role of the MVA pathway in BLCA metastasis, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets of this malignancy.

Abstract Background Lysosomal homeostasis and functions are essential for the survival of neural cells. Impaired lysosomal biogenesis and acidification in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis leads to proteolytic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the key regulatory factors and mechanisms of lysosomal homeostasis in AD remain poorly understood. Methods ROCK1 expression and its co-localization with LAMP1 and SQSTM1/p62 were detected in post-mortem brains of healthy controls and AD patients. Lysosome-related fluorescence probe staining, transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the role of ROCK1 in lysosomal biogenesis and acidification in various neural cell types. The interaction between ROCK1 and TFEB was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Moreover, we performed AAV-mediated ROCK1 downregulation followed by immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and behavioral tests to unveil the effects of the ROCK1–TFEB axis on lysosomes in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results ROCK1 level was significantly increased in the brains of AD individuals, and was positively correlated with lysosomal markers and Aβ. Lysosomal proteolysis was largely impaired by the high abundance of ROCK1, while ROCK1 knockdown mitigated the lysosomal dysfunction in neurons and microglia. Moreover, we verified ROCK1 as a previously unknown upstream kinase of TFEB independent of m-TOR or GSK-3β. ROCK1 elevation resulted in abundant extracellular Aβ deposition which in turn bound to Aβ receptors and activated RhoA/ROCK1, thus forming a vicious circle of AD pathogenesis. Genetically downregulating ROCK1 lowered its interference with TFEB, promoted TFEB nuclear distribution, lysosomal biogenesis and lysosome-mediated Aβ clearance, and eventually prevented pathological traits and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion In summary, our results provide a mechanistic insight into the critical role of ROCK1 in lysosomal regulation and Aβ clearance in AD by acting as a novel upstream serine kinase of TFEB.

Coal seam water injection technology plays a vital role in diminishing dust formation in mining operations by humidifying coal masses, thereby minimizing the dispersion of airborne particulate matter. This technique is crucial for managing dust in underground operations. As mining operations reach greater depths and face diverse geological challenges, understanding the impact of various factors on coal seam water injection becomes crucial. These factors include the inherent properties of coal bodies and the sizes of pores and fractures. Without this knowledge, predicting the extent of moisture penetration is unfeasible, hindering moisturization. Consequently, to enhance the effectiveness of coal seam water injection, this research investigates the primary factors influencing the process. Initially, we developed a percolation model, incorporating elements such as pore throats, equivalent pore diameter, effective porosity, capillary bundles, tortuosity, and flow paths. Furthermore, an online CT scanning loading percolation system was used to reconstruct three-dimensional visualizations of effective microfracture structures in coal bodies from five mines with varying metamorphic degrees: Inner Mongolia, Tongfuxin, Meihuajing, Dahuang Mountain, and Ciyaogou. The fractal theory was applied to extract parameters for calculating effective connected pores and fractures. In addition, experiments were conducted to measure coal permeability from these five mines, validating the model. Finally, the study introduced “sensitivity” to characterize the impact of various factors on seepage flow. By applying the Morris screening method, we combined numerical analysis with the percolation model to quantitatively screen main controlling factors such as coal body strength coefficient, tortuosity fractal dimension, effective porosity, volume fractal dimension, and pore throat radius. Their influence on water injection capacity was analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) A percolation model was established, incorporating factors such as coal body strength coefficient, tortuosity fractal dimension, effective porosity, volume fractal dimension, and pore throat radius. Through comparative calculations, this model measures the water injection capacity of coals across different regions such as Inner Mongolia, Tongfuxin, Meihuajing, Dahuang Mountain, and Ciyaogou. (2) The main factors affecting coal seam water injection capacity, ranked from most to least significant, include the coal body strength coefficient, tortuosity fractal dimension, effective porosity, volume fractal dimension, and pore throat radius. The coal body strength coefficient demonstrated the highest sensitivity at 16.765, whereas the pore throat radius had the lowest sensitivity at 0.00117. (3) The study thoroughly evaluated how these key factors affect water injection capacity. The relationship between water injection capacity and strength coefficient follows a sinusoidal function curve distribution. Water injection capacity increases with effective porosity and decreases with higher tortuosity fractal dimension and volume fractal dimensions. The research results provide a solid theoretical basis for further improving coal seam water injection percolation theory, enhancing wetting effects, and preventing mine dust.

The prediction of the flow resistance (usually quantified as the hydraulic roughness) of a movable flatbed is a key issue affecting the calculation accuracy of flood levels in river training projects. Bedload motion on a movable flatbed causes additional energy loss and increases hydraulic roughness. Several theoretical and empirical predictors for characterizing this phenomenon have been proposed, but the accuracy and physical basis of these models should be improved. In this study, the total energy dissipation rate is separated into two components: the energy dissipation rate due to grain drag and the additional energy dissipation rate due to bedload motion. Following the energy dissipation rate balance equation, a new predictor was proposed for movable flatbed flows. The water temperature was empirically coupled with the fluid viscosity and its associated physical variables. A new empirical relation between two dimensionless flow‒sediment combination variables was established to demarcate the various bedform transitions induced by the water temperature. The new predictor was compared with other predictors, and the prediction results were compared to the measured data. The error metric showed that the new predictor provided the highest accuracy, with ∼88.5% of the 826 data points falling within the ±30% error band. The new predictor suggested that the additional drag is nonlinearly proportional to the grain drag, and the scale factor between these two parameters is related to five flow‒sediment variables. In addition, the ability of the new predictor to quantify water temperature effects was examined. The predicted resistance exhibited three change modes with increasing water temperature, and the results suitably agreed with the measurements. The effect of the water temperature on the resistance of a movable flatbed is jointly controlled by the suspension number and roughness Reynolds number. This study provides an effective predictor that can be used by decision makers for modeling the hydraulic roughness of a movable flatbed.

Introduction Although a substantial body of research has analyzed the effectiveness of cigarette package warning labels in tobacco control, the very general health warnings messages (HWMs) on cigarette packaging in China have shown limited effectiveness in deterring youth from smoking. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of specific and more detailed warning text messages on Chinese young people’s risk perception of smoking and their intention to quit. Methods We employed a randomized survey experiment to examine the impact of specific text-based warning labels on Chinese young people’s risk perception of smoking and intention to quit. The total effective sample size was 1064 participants. The subjects were divided into three groups: the first group served as the control group, which was shown the existing cigarette package warning labels; the second group was shown cigarette package warning labels related to cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory diseases; and the third group was shown cigarette package warning labels related to sexual dysfunction. Results The respiratory disease-related warnings significantly increased young people’s awareness of smoking-related respiratory risks (p

In the context of a low-carbon economy, it is crucial to integrate environmentally friendly and intelligent designs into fitness facilities to ensure sustainable economic, environmental, and energy development. However, traditional fitness facilities face challenges in effectively monitoring user movements, conserving energy, and optimizing efficiency. The need to conserve energy and reduce resource costs in a low-carbon economy calls for the development of efficient algorithms that can maintain accuracy while minimizing computation and energy consumption. This study proposes a method that combines machine learning and computer vision techniques to enhance monitoring accuracy while minimizing computation and energy consumption. The ResNet-50 model is utilized to extract image features associated with human movements, while real-time object detection and tracking are performed using the YOLOv5 model. Experimental evaluations are conducted on a dataset comprising multiple action categories, and the results demonstrate the excellent performance and model efficiency of the proposed method. Specifically, on the KU-HAR dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves a reduction of over 46.8% in inference time and more than 45.9% in FLOPs, while improving the MAPE by more than 42.8%. These advancements significantly enhance the accuracy and robustness of human motion recognition, highlighting the importance of this approach in the green transformation and intelligent design of fitness facilities.

Background and objective: Few studies on endoscopic management of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) in adult patients have been reported. Our objective was to describe our technique and long-term outcomes for endoscopic management of adult POM. Methods: We included 76 adult POM patients undergoing endoscopic management between September 2015 and January 2024. Under endoscopic control, the stricture was dilated to 24–30 Fr while maintaining a balloon pressure of 25–35 atm for 3 min. An additional incision of the stenotic ring using either an electrode or holmium laser was performed in 39 patients. Data for patient characteristics, intraoperative variables, surgical complications, and follow-up results were analyzed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Surgical success was defined as no tubes or stents in the body, stable or improved symptoms and renal function, and the absence of reflux or obstruction during the follow-up period. Key findings and limitations: All procedures were completed without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery. The median operative time was 45 min (range 16–165) with median estimated blood loss of 2 ml (range 0–150). The median postoperative hospital stay was 3 d (range 1–15). No intraoperative complication occurred. At median postoperative follow-up of 42 mo (range 3–100) the overall success rate was 92.1%. Restenosis of the vesicoureteral junction (Clavien-Dindo grade III) occurred in five patients (6.6%), and high-grade vesicoureteral reflux occurred in one patient (1.3%), all of whom required secondary reconstruction surgery. Conclusions and clinical implications: The results indicate that our endoscopic management for adult POM is safe and effective, with favorable long-term outcomes. This approach could potentially serve as a first-line treatment option for adult POM. Patient summary: Primary obstructive megaureter (POM) occurs when the flow of urine is blocked because of a narrow segment in the tube between the kidney and bladder (ureter), which causes widening of the ureter further up. For our minimally invasive technique, a telescope is inserted through the urethra and bladder to reach the ureter for surgical treatment. Our results show that this is a safe procedure for POM in adults.

Abstract Modern buildings increasingly utilize lightweight, high-strength materials and feature high-rise, large-span structural designs. These structures often exhibit low natural frequencies and are susceptible to resonance from low-frequency dynamic loads such as wind and pedestrian loads. This paper focuses on a large-span double-connected structure and analyzes its dynamic response under the combined effects of wind and pedestrian loads. First, a finite element model of the structure was created using ANSYS, and model validity verification and modal analysis were performed. Second, a Fourier-based pedestrian model was used to simulate pedestrian loads and generate time-range data. The pulsating wind speed was generated from the Davenport spectrum using the harmonic superposition method. Wind load time-range data were calculated for different heights using Bernoulli’s theorem. Finally, the solution yields information about the dynamic response of the structure. The study revealed maximum vertical comfort ratings in the connecting corridor were achieved when crowd density did not exceed 0.3 persons/m2. The connecting corridor’s most unfavorable horizontal comfort level was evaluated as a medium, except for the 0-degree wind angle condition. This paper provides experience in studying the dynamic response and vibration suitability assessment of the large-span double-connected structure under wind and pedestrian loads.

Abstract This study investigated how resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) predicts antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Eighty-seven medication-free MDD patients underwent baseline resting-state functional MRI scans. After 12 weeks of escitalopram treatment, patients were classified into remission depression (RD, n = 42) and nonremission depression (NRD, n = 45) groups. We conducted two analyses: a voxel-wise rsFC analysis using sgACC as a seed to identify group differences, and a prediction model based on the sgACC rsFC map to predict treatment efficacy. Haufe transformation was used to interpret the predictive rsFC features. The RD group showed significantly higher rsFC between the sgACC and regions in the fronto-parietal network (FPN), including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), compared to the NRD group. These sgACC rsFC measures correlated positively with symptom improvement. Baseline sgACC rsFC also significantly predicted treatment response after 12 weeks, with a mean accuracy of 72.64% (p

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common disease affecting 300 million people worldwide. The existing drugs are ineffective for approximately 30% of patients, so it is urgent to develop new antidepressant drugs with novel mechanisms. Here, we found that norisoboldine (NOR) showed an antidepressant efficacy in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression model in the tail suspension, forced swimming, and sucrose consumption tests. We then utilized the drug-treated CSDS mice paradigm to segregate and gain differential protein groups of CSDS versus CON (CSDSCON), imipramine (IMI)-treated versus CSDS (IMICSDS), and NOR-treated versus CSDS (NORCSDS) from the prefrontal cortex. These protein expression alterations were first analyzed by ANOVA with p

Abstract Suicidal ideation (SI) is a significant precursor and risk marker for suicide behaviors in major depressive disorder (MDD). Exploration of SI trajectory from a longitudinal framework are essential for treatment guidelines and clinical management of suicide risk. This study sought to explore SI trajectories and its associated clinical, sociodemographic characteristics, and initial treatment among patients with MDD. We used data from a non-interventional, national multi-centered prospective cohort study. 1 461 patients with MDD were included in the growth mixture modeling using SI at baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months as the indicator. A multinomial regression was employed with SI trajectory as the outcome and anhedonia, depressive symptoms, atypical depressive symptoms, pharmacological treatments, and other covariates as the predictors. Four distinct SI trajectories were identified: a consistently low SI trajectory(50.7%), a persistently mild SI trajectory(20.6%), a fast declined SI trajectory(8.9%), and a slowly declined trajectory(19.8%). Compared to those with a consistently low SI trajectory, a higher score of anhedonia was associated with an increased risk of experiencing persistently mild (RRR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.38) and slowly declined SI (1.54, 95%CI: 1.32, 1.80). Severity of depressive symptom was also positively associated with the risk of experiencing persistently mild (1.15, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.18) and slowly declined SI (1.17, 95%CI: 1.14, 1.21). And the risk of experiencing slowly declined SI was higher for those use SSRI(1.49, 95%CI: 1.02, 2.31), and for those use antidepressant and antipsychotic/mood stabilizer combined therapy (3.78, 95%CI: 1.48, 9.61). The findings of this study are potentially useful for clinical practice as critical indicators of profiles and interventions for prognosis among patients with MDD. Further research is warranted to explore potential modifiable factors and the association between SI trajectories and suicide behavior.

Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by the highest malignancy and the poorest prognoses. RNA binding motif single strand interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) has been implicated to be involved in various cancer progression. This study was conceived to explore the role and the mechanism of RBMS1 in GBM. Materials RT-qPCR and western blot were used to evaluate RBMS1 expression and examine the transfection efficiency of sh-RBMS1. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay while cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and transwell assay. The activities of MMP2 and MMP9 were detected using gelatin zymography. Western blot was used to measure proliferation-, apoptosis-, ferroptosis- and EMT-related proteins. Lipid peroxidation was detected with TBARS Assay Kit and lipid ROS was detected with a BODIPY 581/591 C11 kit. The total iron level was detected using corresponding assay kits. Results According to GEPIA database, RBMS1 expression was upregulated in GBM and the present study found that RBMS1 expression was upregulated in GBM cells. After interfering RBMS1, GBM cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process were inhibited while cell apoptosis and ferroptosis were promoted. However, ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 partially counteracted the protective effects of RBMS1 knockdown on GBM. Conclusion Collectively, this study revealed that RBMS1 silence inhibited the malignant progression of GBM possibly through ferroptosis.

Abstract Eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and pica, are psychobehavioral conditions characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and an excessive preoccupation with weight and body shape. This review examines changes in brain regions and functional connectivity in ED patients over the past decade (2013–2023) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Key findings highlight alterations in brain networks such as the default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), and emotion regulation network (ERN). In individuals with AN, there is reduced functional connectivity in areas associated with facial information processing and social cognition, alongside increased connectivity in regions linked to sensory stimulation, aesthetic judgment, and social anxiety. Conversely, BED patients show diminished connectivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex within the salience network and increased connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex within the DMN. These findings suggest that rs-fMRI could serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing brain function and predicting treatment outcomes in EDs, paving the way for personalized therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Gaining the molecular understanding for myelination development and regeneration has been a long-standing goal in neurological research. Mutations in the transcription cofactor Mediator Med23 subunit are often associated with intellectual disability and white matter defects, although the precise functions and mechanisms of Mediator in myelination remain unclear. In this study, we generated a mouse model carrying an Med23Q649R mutation that has been identified in a patient with hypomyelination features. The MED23Q649R mouse model develops white matter thinning and cognitive decline, mimicking common clinical phenotypes. Further, oligodendrocyte-lineage specific Med23 knockout mice verified the important function of MED23 in regulating central nervous system myelination and postinjury remyelination. Utilizing the in vitro cellular differentiation assay, we found that the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, either carrying the Q649R mutation or lacking Med23, exhibit significant deficits in their capacity to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. Gene profiling combined with reporter assays demonstrated that Mediator Med23 controls Sp1-directed gene programs related to oligodendrocyte differentiation and cholesterol metabolism. Integrative analysis demonstrated that Med23 modulates the P300 binding to Sp1-targeted genes, thus orchestrating the H3K27 acetylation and enhancer activation for the oligodendrocyte lineage progression. Collectively, our findings identified the critical role for the Mediator Med23 in oligodendrocyte fate determination and provide mechanistic insights into the myelination pathogenesis associated with MED23 mutations.

Abstract Improving wind power generation efficiency and lowering maintenance and operational costs are possible through the early and efficient diagnosis and repair of surface defects in wind turbines. To solve the lightweight deployment difficulty and insufficient accuracy issues of the traditional detection methods, this paper proposes a high-precision PC-EMA block based on YOLOv8 using partial convolution (PConv) combined with an efficient multiscale attention (EMA) channel attention mechanism, which replaces the bottleneck layer of the YOLOv8 backbone network to improve the extraction of target feature information from each layer of the network. In the feature fusion phase, GSConv, which can retain more channel information, is introduced to balance the model’s complexity and accuracy. Finally, by merging two branches and designing the PConv head with a low-latency PConv rather than a regular convolution, we are able to effectively reduce the complexity of the model while maintaining accuracy in the detection head. We use the WIoUv3 as the regression loss for the improved model, which improves the average accuracy by 5.07% and compresses the model size by 32.5% compared to the original YOLOv8 model. Deployed on Jetson Nano, the FPS increased by 11 frames/s after a TensorRT acceleration.

Abstract Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry diverse biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, and lipids reflecting their cell of origin, are released under both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs have been demonstrated to mediate cell-to-cell communication and serve as biomarkers. EV-associated DNA (EV-DNA) comprises genomic and mitochondrial DNA (i.e., gDNA and mtDNA) fragments. Some studies have revealed that EV-DNA can represent the full nuclear genome and mitochondrial genome of parental cells. Furthermore, DNA fragments loaded into EVs are stable and can be transferred to recipient cells to regulate their biological functions. In this review, we summarized and discussed EV-DNA research advances with an emphasis on EV-DNA detection at the population-EV and single-EV levels, gene transfer-associated biological functions, and clinical applications as biomarkers for disease liquid biopsy. We hope that this review will provide potential directions or guidance for future EV-DNA investigations.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to assess whether thyroid hormone (TH) sensitivity is related to visceral fat area (VFA) and visceral obesity in euthyroid subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods 750 euthyroid patients with T2D were enrolled. A VFA of 80 cm2 or more was considered visceral obesity. Central TH sensitivity was conducted using thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), thyrotropin index (TSHI), and thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI). Free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) was utilized for assessing peripheral TH sensitivity. Results The subjects had a mean age of 51.5 ± 11.1 years, and 540 (72.0%) of them were men. In multivariable regression analyses, there was a positive correlation of FT3/FT4 tertile with visceral obesity, after full adjustment for confounding variables (P

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to measure and analyze the joint space, condylar morphology, and thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) in patients with unilateral second molar scissor bite using cone beam CT (CBCT). Methods A total of 80 patients were included in this study. Forty patients with a normal posterior occlusal relationship, who attended the Department of Orthodontics at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2021 to August 2023, were selected as the control group. The experimental group consisted of 40 patients with unilateral second molar scissor bite during the same period. All patients underwent CBCT scanning, and the resulting images were analyzed using the NNT viewer software in multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). Axial, coronal, and sagittal adjustments were made for each patient. Results In the control group, the right and left joint spaces (PS, SS, AS), the height of the upper part of the condyle, and the depth of the glenoid fossa did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). When comparing bilateral condylar morphology and joint space in the experimental group, it was found that the posterior joint space on the scissor bite side was greater than that on the normal occlusion side, while the anterior joint space on the scissor bite side was smaller than that on the normal occlusal side. Additionally, the height of the upper condyle and the depth of the glenoid fossa on the scissor bite side were greater than that on the normal occlusal side, with statistically significant differences (P 0.05). The comparison of the minimum thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa in both the sagittal and coronal directions between the patients in the experimental group and the control group showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the asymmetry index of the supracondylar height in the control group was significantly smaller than that in the experimental group, displaying a statistically significant difference (P 0.05). When analyzing the position of the condyle in the sagittal direction of the glenoid fossa in the patients of the control group, it was observed that the majority were in the anterior and medial positions, with only 10% and 5% being in the posterior position. However, the analysis of the condyle position in the sagittal direction of the glenoid fossa in the experimental group revealed statistically significant differences (P

Abstract Severe psoriasis has a long course and poor outcome, and it has long been a problem for patients. Understanding the independent risk factors that contribute to patients with severe psoriasis is critical for the development of effective treatment strategies. This large, multicenter study recruited 2,109 plaque psoriasis patients from 12 hospitals across China (October 31, 2019 – May 31, 2022). The logistic regression model underwent internal validation and external validation using two independent cohorts over future time periods (June 1, 2022 – January 31, 2023). The discriminative power of our model was substantiated by a C-index of 0.863 (95% CI: 0.848–0.879) in internal validation, further affirmed through 1,000 bootstrap validation (C-index: 0.860, 95% CI: 0.836–0.885) and external validation cohorts, where the C-index reached up to 0.910 (95% CI: 0.868–0.953) and 0.951 (95% CI: 0.924–0.977) in 2 external validation cohorts. To enhance accessibility for clinicians, the model has been made available as a dynamic nomogram and QR code. Our study identified 10 risk factors (the “DELPHI” consensus dichotomy, the DLQI index, the extent of skin involvement as measured by body surface area, the age of the patient at the time of clinical visit, sex, body weight in kilograms, career, the presence of scalp involvement, facial involvement, and arthropathy) for the overall severity of psoriasis (PASI ≥ 10). “Nomogram-10” provides clinicians with a practical tool to develop personalized intervention strategies based on an individual’s risk profile. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900024852.

In this paper, we establish Pareto $ Z $-eigenvalue inclusion intervals of tensor eigenvalue complementarity problems based on the spectral radius of symmetric matrices deduced from the provided tensor. Numerical examples are suggested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results. As an application we offer adequate criteria for the strict copositivity of symmetric tensors.