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Four new AIE-active Ir(iii) complexes were synthesized. MFIrqa, SFIriqa and SFIrqa based NPs are shown to be good PSs in vitro for PDT through Type I ˙OH generation mechanism.

Nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are of paramount importance for display and lighting applications owing to their advantages of facile fabrication and outstanding stability. However, nondoped OLEDs achieving extraordinary electroluminescence (EL) performance and low turn-on voltage (

The prominent pathological feature of fatty liver disease lesions is excessive fat accumulation in lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Thus, developing fluorescent lipid droplet-specific probes with high permeability and a high imaging contrast provides a robust tool for diagnosing fatty liver diseases. Herein, we rationally developed a novel donor-acceptor lipophilic fluorescent probe ANI with high photostability for wash-free visualization of lipid droplets and fatty liver disease characteristics. ANI showed a typical twisted intramolecular charge transfer effect with very faint fluorescence in high-polar solvents, but dramatically boosted emissions in low-polar environments. The solvatochromic probe can selectively light up lipid droplets with a high contrast in a wash-free manner. Further use of ANI to reveal the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets with a significantly large size in the liver tissues from the fatty liver disease model mice was successfully demonstrated. The remarkable imaging performances rendered ANI an alternative tool for accurately evaluating fatty liver disease in intraoperative diagnosis.

Constructing high-quality white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) remains a big challenge because of high demands on the electroluminescence (EL) performance including high efficiency, excellent spectral stability, and low roll-off simultaneously. To achieve effective energy transfer and trap-assisted recombination in the emissive layer, herein, four Ir(III) phosphors, namely

Molecular isomeric engineering is employed to construct efficient orange-red Ir(iii) complexes for WOLEDs and understand the intrinsic structure–property relationship.

A feasible strategy through synergistic heavy-atom effect and methylation approach to suppress non-radiative pathway and accelerate ISC processes is demonstrated. As a result, efficient and long-lived phosphorescence is realized.

Stable one-dimensional coordination polymer is used as a highly selective sensor for the detection of TNP.

An unprecedented fully reduced {MoV60} POM served as a cheap and robust molecular light-absorber model possessing wide light absorption and was applied to build a co-sensitized solar cell photoelectronic device.

Nowadays, hardware security has become a serious concern for modern CPUs. State-of-the-art detection approaches rely heavily on trustworthy and intimate internal states, incurring significant design/operation overheads and additional risks to security and intellectual property. This article proposes an architecture called Jintide, which utilizes trusted external monitors to validate an untrusted CPU chip at runtime. This architecture records, replays, and analyzes the CPU’s IO and memory behavior with the architectural states. The Jintide simultaneously verifies whether the records are correctly replayed with the instruction set architecture and whether the records involve malicious behavior. Consequently, not only architectural but also micro-architectural threats can be detected. The Jintide adopts the states from the untrusted source because it has a built-in function to detect spurious states. The monitors comprise three types of chips (with 28-/40-nm TSMC technology): a tracer chip to record the behavior of IO ports, multiple tracer chips to record the behavior of DDR4 DIMMs, and a reconfigurable chip to verify these records with software states. As runtime external monitors, the Jintide would be especially suitable to constitute distributed large-scale clusters, which can amortize operation overheads. This scheme is effective in detecting pervasive hardware security issues, including vulnerabilities, backdoors, and hardware Trojans. The measured results show that a system composed of 300 000 Jintide CPUs containing Intel Xeon Skylake processors can detect over 99.8% of recognizable attacks at the cost of 0.98% performance loss. Hence, the Jintide is an extensible, low-cost, and effective solution to improve the hardware security of large-scale CPU clusters.

The synthesis of ultra-stable chiral porous organic cages (POCs) and their controllable chiral self-sorting at the molecular and supramolecular level remains challening. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a serial of axially chiral porous aromatic cages (PAC 1-S and 1-R) with high chemical stability. The theoretical and experimental studies on the chiral self-sorting reveal that the exclusive self-recognition on cage formation is an enthalpy-driven process while the chiral narcissistic and self-sorting on supramolecular assembly of racemic cages can be precisely regulated by π–π and C–H…π interactions from different solvents. Regarding the chemical stability, the crystallinity of PAC 1 is maintained in aqueous solvents, such as boiling water, high-concentrated acid and alkali; mixtures of solvents, such as 1 M H2SO4/MeOH/H2O solution, are also tolerated. Investigations on the chiral sensing performance show that PAC 1 enables enantioselective recognition of axially chiral biaryl molecules.

Near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers with rapid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production ability are in great demand owing to their promising performance toward boosting photodynamic therapy (PDT) and deep-tissue imaging, but molecular design guidelines for efficient photosensitizers are rarely elucidated. Herein, three AIEgens named DBP, TBP, and TBP-SO3 are designed and synthesized by precise donor-acceptor (D-A) molecular engineering to deeply understand the structure-property-application relationships. All the compounds exhibit AIE characteristics with strong long-wavelength emission in the aggregated state and are capable of efficiently producing ROS under white light irradiation. By controlling the ability of the D-A units, TBP-SO3 realizes NIR emission and more rapid ROS generation ability due to the promoted intersystem crossing processes compared with those of DBP and TBP. In addition, NIR-emitting TBP-SO3 is capable of specific endoplasmic reticulum targeting and excellent PDT treatment ability of cancer cells and bacteria. This successful example of molecular engineering paves a valuable way for developing advanced PSs with AIE properties, efficient ROS generation ability, and intense emission for fluorescence imaging PDT.

A TPE-based fluorescent porous covalent organic polymer (COP-3) was designed and synthesized. The COP-3 exhibits excellent performance in sensing Fe3+ with high anti-interference, recyclability and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.191 μM (10.696 ppb), which is much lower than those of the reported metal-free porous polymers.

Switchable multimode microlasers are of great significance to the development of photonic devices with high integration levels. Herein, we demonstrate an acid/alkaline gas-responsive multimode AIEgen@starch microsphere-based microlaser. The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active fluorescent dye ASCPI was used as the gain medium in this study. ASCPI was weakly emissive in water but became highly emissive when introduced to a starch microsphere as a guest molecule. The resultant ASCPI@starch microsphere worked well as a typical whispering-gallery-mode microlaser. The laser mode wavelengths were size-dependent. Due to the sensitivity of ASCPI to pH, the output of the microlaser could be switched to a shorter wavelength by acetic acid vapor treatment or a longer wavelength by NH3 vapor treatment. This work will provide useful enlightenment for the rational design of effective switchable lasers using AIE materials with simple preparation procedures.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to investigate two synthesized iridium(III) complexes with substituted Phbd (1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) and Crbd (9-(4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole) as ancillary ligands. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of the substituent on the geometrical structures, electronic and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, and UV-vis absorption spectra. It is found that the first hyperpolarizabilities can be easily modulated by the introduction of Phbd and Crbd units. The complex with Phbd possesses larger first hyperpolarizability values compared to the complex with Crbd as an ancillary ligand. Significantly, the changes in the first hyperpolarizabilities can be qualitatively explained by means of the charge transfer pattern. It is anticipated that the theoretical investigation of these iridium(III) complexes will be helpful for designing high performance and versatile NLO materials.

Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency and low efficiency roll-off are urgently required to meet the continuously increasing market need ...

There has been a significant rise in the incidence of contrast-associated nephropathy caused by administration of contrast media during cardiac interventions. This is one of the major complications of percutaneous coronary interventions, which may proceed to acute renal failure. Risk factors, including pre-existing renal dysfunction, older age and use of high osmolar contrast media, predispose patients to the development of contrast-associated nephropathy. Different risk-reduction strategies have been used to prevent contrast-associated nephropathy, including use of low osmolar contrast media, N-acetylcysteine, alkalisation of tubular fluid with intravenous sodium bicarbonate, and oral and intravenous hydration with isotonic solution. Hydration using intravenous saline is one of the main treatments used to prevent the development of nephropathy in patients receiving contrast media during cardiac interventions. Prehydration, before administering contrast media, seems to be crucial. The results of studies of the relative efficacy of sodium bicarbonate and/or N-acetylcysteine in reducing the development of contrast-associated nephropathy are not consistent and any beneficial effects may depend on the pre-existing state of the kidney. This review discusses hydration of patients who are at risk of developing contrast-associated nephropathy using intravenous fluid.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ipsilateral nephrectomy of a benign nonfunctional kidney after percutaneous nephrostomy, and to compare this method with open...

BACKGROUND: The golden standard for the treatment of muscle-invasive or high-grade bladder cancer is radical cystectomy combined with various forms of urinary diversion, but postoperative paralytic ileus is an troublesome postoperative complication.The purpose of this research is to build and verify the nomogram prediction model of postoperative ileus.METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2020, the clinical data of patients who underwent radical cystectomy in the urology department of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital for bladder cancer were collected. The risk factors related to postoperative ileus were obtained by logitic single factor and multiple factor regression analysis. Then, the prediction model of postoperative ileus was constructed based on the risk factors and its identification ability and accuracy were verified.RESULT: 252 patients were included, 51 of whom had ileus. Statistical analysis showed that preoperative creatinine level, postoperative creatinine level, and postoperative serum albumin concentration were correlated with postoperative ileus. The area under ROC curve of nomogram predictive model constructed based on the risk factors was 0.748 (95%CI 0.672-0.824). The bootstrap correction curve of the prediction model shows that the prediction accuracy of the model is close to that of the ideal model.CONCLUSION: Preoperative creatinine level, postoperative creatinine level, and postoperative serum albumin concentration were correlated with postoperative ileus and were risk factors for ileus after radical cystectomy, which could be used as predictors of clinical prediction models. The prediction model of nomogram based on these predictors can predict the probability of postoperative intestinal obstruction.

Panax quinquefolium, as a common precious medicinal plant, has complex chemical components and unique pharmacological activities, which can play a healthcare role in the human body. With the deepening of research, the application of P. quinquefolium has become increasingly extensive. This paper summarized the research progress of the saponins isolated and identified from diffe-rent parts of P. quinquefolium, the structural classification and pharmacological activities of the saponins, and the quality control of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Further, this paper put forward the urgent problems to be solved in the development of P. quinquefolium. It is hoped to lay a foundation for the further study and provide reference for the research direction of P. quinquefolium.

The direct usage of CO

Fully reduced polyoxometalates are predicted to give rise to a broad and strong absorption spectrum, suitable energy levels, and unparalleled electronic and optical properties. However, they are not available to date. Here, an unprecedented fully reduced polyoxomolybdate cluster, namely Na

Visually identifying pathogens favors rapid diagnosis at the point-of-care testing level. Here, we developed a microenvironment-sensitive aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), namely IQ–Cm, for achieving fast discrimination of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi by the naked-eye. With a twisted donor–acceptor and multi-rotor structure, IQ–Cm shows twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and AIE properties with sensitive fluorescence color response to the microenvironment of pathogens. Driven by the intrinsic structural differences of pathogens, IQ–Cm with a cationic isoquinolinium moiety and a membrane-active coumarin unit as the targeting and interacting groups selectively locates in different sites of three pathogens and gives three naked-eye discernible emission colors. Gram-negative bacteria are weak pink, Gram-positive bacteria are orange-red and fungi are bright yellow. Therefore, based on their distinctive fluorescence response, IQ–Cm can directly discriminate the three pathogens at the cell level under a fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of IQ–Cm as a visual probe for fast diagnosis of urinary tract infections, timely monitoring of hospital-acquired infection processes and fast detection of molds in the food field. This simple visualization strategy based on one single AIEgen provides a promising platform for rapid pathogen detection and point-of-care diagnosis., A simple AIEgen with three emission colors achieves rapid identification of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.

Supramolecular macrocyclic hosts have long been used in smart materials. However, their triplet emission and regulation at crystal level is rarely studied. Herein, ultralong and universal room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is reported for traditional crown ethers. A supramolecular strategy involving chain length adjustment and morphological locking through complexation with K+ was explored as a general method to tune the phosphorescence lifetime in the solid state. A maximum 10-fold increase of lifetime after complex formation accompanied with by invisible to visible phosphorescence was achieved. A deep encryption based on this activated RTP strategy was also facilely fabricated. This work thus opens a new world for supramolecular macrocycles and their intrinsic guest responsiveness offers a new avenue for versatile smart luminescent materials.

Recently, solution-processable PhOLEDs have been attracting great interest for their low cost and high productivity relative to the vacuum-deposited devices. Similar to vacuum-deposited OLEDs, however, they usually suffer from serious efficiency roll-offs, especially in high brightness. Finding a feasible way and/or designing novel materials to increase efficiencies and reduce roll-offs simultaneously are highly desired. Herein, a new family of solution-processable cyclometalated iridium(III) phosphors with carbazole (

Inkjet printing technology is one of the most attractive methods for the realization of full-color patterning for displays. In this work, we successfully introduce this technology into fabricating pixelated light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). By carefully controlling the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate), and cationic Ir(III) complexes ink formulation, as well as their inkjet printing properties, patterned LEC pixels in ultrahigh definition TV format was fabricated, leading to a resolution of 73 pixels per inch. The as-resulted inkjet-printed LEC exhibits a maximum luminance and a current efficiency of 3402 cd/m2, and 7.5 cd/A, respectively, which is close to that of the spin-coated one. This work paves a new way for the fabrication of low-cost material-efficient, pixelated light-emitting electrochemical cells.

In clinical studies, thiol measurement in the whole blood is of diagnostic and prognostic significance. In addition, the detection of mitochondrial thiol is very important for investigating cellular functions or dysfunctions. Here, a ratiometric aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) called TPE-PBP for thiol detection was developed by introducing a

The scaling problem in the water supply pipeline will increase the resistance coefficient of the pipeline and the pressure of the water supply pipeline, which will not only affect the operation safety of the water supply pipeline, but also cause energy waste. The scale in the pipeline will also enrich heavy metal ions and pathogenic microorganisms, affecting the safety of water supply water quality and causing secondary pollution of water quality. At present, a lot of research has been done on the composition structure and crystallization process of the scale. The study found that calcite is the main component of the scale; the scale process is a heterogeneous nucleation process induced by heavy metal particles and their corrosion products in the pipeline. The introduction of electrochemical detection technology, density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation has greatly improved the accuracy and timeliness of water scaling conditions detection and realized the visualization of scaling mechanism. In this paper, the measurement methods of the scale in the water supply pipeline and the corresponding material composition and crystal structure characteristics are reviewed, and the mechanism of the scale and the water quality conditions are summarized. At the end of this paper, based on summarizing the existing water quality scaling tendency evaluation methods, it is proposed to establish a water quality potential scaling risk assessment framework based on Puckorius scaling index (PSI) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the future.

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the emerging methods for curbing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Effective fluorescent photosensitizers with dual functions of bacteria imaging and PDT applications are highly desirable. In this study, three cationic and heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with the formula of [Ir(CˆN)2 (NˆN)][PF6 ] are prepared and characterized. These Ir(III) complexes named Ir(ppy)2 bP, Ir(1-pq)2 bP, and Ir(2-pq)2 bP are comprised of three CˆN ligands (i.e., 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1-phenylisoquinoline (1-pq), and 2-phenylquinoline (2-pq)) and one NˆN bidentate co-ligand (bP). The photophysical characterizations demonstrate that these Ir(III) complexes are red-emitting, aggregation-induced emission active luminogens. The substitution of phenylpyridine with phenylquinoline isomers in the molecules greatly enhances their UV and visible-light absorbance as well as the photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability. All three Ir(III) complexes can stain both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria efficiently. Interestingly, even though Ir(1-pq)2 bP and Ir(2-pq)2 bP are constitutional isomers with very similar structures and similar ROS generation ability in buffer, the former eradicates bacteria much more effectively than the other through white light-irradiated photodynamic inactivation. This work will provide valuable information on the rational design of Ir(III) complexes for fluorescence imaging and efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.

Photosensitizers (PSs) with multiple characteristics, including efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) generation, cancer cell-selective accumulation and subsequent mitochondrial localization as well as near-infrared (NIR) excitation and bright NIR emission, are promising candidates for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) but rarely concerned. Herein, a simple rational strategy, namely modulation of donor–acceptor (D–A) strength, for molecular engineering of mitochondria-targeting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PSs with desirable characteristics including highly improved 1O2 generation efficiency, NIR emission (736 nm), high specificity to mitochondria, good biocompatibility, high brightness and superior photostability is demonstrated. Impressively, upon light irradiation, the optimal NIR AIE PS (DCQu) can generate 1O2 with efficiency much higher than those of commercially available PSs. The excellent two-photon absorption properties of DCQu allow two-photon fluorescence imaging of mitochondria and subsequent two-photon excited PDT. DCQu can selectively differentiate cancer cells from normal cells without the aid of extra targeting ligands. Upon ultralow-power light irradiation at 4.2 mW cm−2, in situ mitochondrial photodynamic activation to specifically damage cancer cells and efficient in vivo melanoma ablation are demonstrated, suggesting superior potency of the AIE PS in imaging-guided PDT with minimal side effects, which is promising for future precision medicine., Mitochondria-targeted photosensitizers with highly efficient singlet oxygen generation, bright near-infrared AIE and good two-photon absorption are obtained through ingenious molecular engineering for cancer cell-selective photodynamic therapy.

Mechanochromic luminescent (MCL) materials are promising in pressure sensors, security papers, photoelectric devices and optical data recording. Although some kinds of MCL-active iridium(III) complexes with various soft substituent functional ligands (e.g., dendritic carbazole, flexible chains, and Schiff base ligands) were reported, the MCL mechanism is still not clear and mainly ascribes to the physical phase transformations from crystalline state to amorphous state in response to force stimulus at present stage, and deserves further study in order to obtain more intelligent MCL materials. Herein, two new iridium(III) complex isomers are tactfully constructed and show distinctly opposite MCL properties in spite of the same physical phase transformations happening on them. The absolutely out of the ordinary MCL mechanism has been presented on account of molecular level for the first time via the comparative study of photophysical properties based on isomers