8,592 results on '"Gang, Xu"'
Search Results
2. Translithospheric magma plumbing system fossilized in the Emeishan large igneous province
- Author
-
Sixue Wang, Hao Liu, Yong Zheng, Yun Chen, Sanxi Ai, Sijia Zeng, Lei Qin, Rumeng Guo, Xiaohui Yuan, and Yi-Gang Xu
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract Lighting up the magma plumbing system beneath a large igneous province (LIP) is challenging because the complex magma migration paths are often covered by flood basalts and sediments. Here, we present a three-dimensional seismic image of the Permian Emeishan LIP in Southwest China, constructed by joint inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersions and receiver functions. The results outline a cylindrical, high-velocity anomaly extending to ~135 km depth below the inner zone of this continental LIP. The geometry and magnitude of the high-velocity anomaly suggest that it represents culminated crystallized materials of primary magmas, thereby mirroring a magma plumbing system fossilized in the lithosphere. Furthermore, our geodynamic models illustrate that the nearly vertical plumbing system was controlled by slow plate motion during the magma emplacement. The plume head beneath a nearly static plate has higher thermal buoyancy and thus promotes more intensive magma emplacement. This phenomenon may apply to other LIPs throughout Earth’s history
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A topological Hund nodal line antiferromagnet
- Author
-
Xian P. Yang, Yueh-Ting Yao, Pengyu Zheng, Shuyue Guan, Huibin Zhou, Tyler A. Cochran, Che-Min Lin, Jia-Xin Yin, Xiaoting Zhou, Zi-Jia Cheng, Zhaohu Li, Tong Shi, Md Shafayat Hossain, Shengwei Chi, Ilya Belopolski, Yu-Xiao Jiang, Maksim Litskevich, Gang Xu, Zhaoming Tian, Arun Bansil, Zhiping Yin, Shuang Jia, Tay-Rong Chang, and M. Zahid Hasan
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The interplay of topology, magnetism, and correlations gives rise to intriguing phases of matter. In this study, through state-of-the-art angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, density functional theory, and dynamical mean-field theory calculations, we visualize a fourfold degenerate Dirac nodal line at the boundary of the bulk Brillouin zone in the antiferromagnet YMn2Ge2. We further demonstrate that this gapless, antiferromagnetic Dirac nodal line is enforced by the combination of magnetism, space-time inversion symmetry, and nonsymmorphic lattice symmetry. The corresponding drumhead surface states traverse the whole surface Brillouin zone. YMn2Ge2 thus serves as a platform to exhibit the interplay of multiple degenerate nodal physics and antiferromagnetism. Interestingly, the magnetic nodal line displays a d-orbital dependent renormalization along its trajectory in momentum space, thereby manifesting Hund’s coupling. Our findings offer insights into the effect of electronic correlations on magnetic Dirac nodal lines, leading to an antiferromagnetic Hund nodal line.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Combined preoperative denosumab and adjuvant microwave ablation for high-risk giant cell tumor of bone: a retrospective study in a single center
- Author
-
Chuanxi Zheng, Gang Xu, Xiayi Zhou, Jin Qiu, Tao Lan, Shiquan Zhang, and Wei Li
- Subjects
Denosumab ,Giant cell tumor of bone ,Joint preservation ,Microwave ablation ,Recurrence ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive neoplasm with a high propensity for recurrence following intralesional curettage. The introduction of denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, has shown potential in facilitating joint-sparing surgery. However, concerns exist regarding its impact on local recurrence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined preoperative denosumab with adjuvant microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of high-risk GCTB. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 19 patients with high-risk GCTB who underwent preoperative denosumab treatment followed by curettage and adjuvant MWA. The primary outcome measure was the local recurrence rate, with secondary outcomes including functional status assessed by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and safety profile of the treatment. Results In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated the outcomes of 19 patients with high-risk GCTB treated with preoperative denosumab and adjuvant MWA. The median follow-up duration was 33.1 months, 3 patients (15.8%) experienced local recurrence at a median of 21.6 months postoperatively and the local recurrence-free survival was 81.2% at two years. Notably, no patient developed lung metastasis, and all recurrences were successfully managed with repeat curettage and MWA, with a mean MSTS score of 27.3. No patient required joint replacement due to tumor recurrence, resulting in a 100% joint preservation rate. Conclusion The combination of preoperative denosumab and adjuvant MWA is a feasible and effective strategy for the management of high-risk GCTB, providing effective local control with preserved joint function. This approach may offer a surgical alternative for young patients where joint preservation is paramount.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Secure computation protocol of Chebyshev distance under the malicious model
- Author
-
Xin Liu, Weitong Chen, Lu Peng, Dan Luo, Likai Jia, Gang Xu, Xiubo Chen, and Xiaomeng Liu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Secure multi-party computation of Chebyshev distance represents a crucial method for confidential distance measurement, holding significant theoretical and practical implications. Especially within electronic archival management systems, secure computation of Chebyshev distance is employed for similarity measurement, classification, and clustering of sensitive archival information, thereby enhancing the security of sensitive archival queries and sharing. This paper proposes a secure protocol for computing Chebyshev distance under a semi-honest model, leveraging the additive homomorphic properties of the NTRU cryptosystem and a vector encoding method. This protocol transforms the confidential computation of Chebyshev distance into the inner product of confidential computation vectors, as demonstrated through the model paradigm validating its security under the semi-honest model. Addressing potential malicious participant scenarios, a secure protocol for computing Chebyshev distance under a malicious model is introduced, utilizing cryptographic tools such as digital commitments and mutual decryption methods. The security of this protocol under the malicious model is affirmed using the real/ideal model paradigm. Theoretical analysis and experimental simulations demonstrate the efficiency and practical applicability of the proposed schemes.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Oncostatin M promotes osteogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway
- Author
-
Jun Yang, Xiaolin Chen, Yueshu Wu, Gang Xu, and Xiaochen Qu
- Subjects
Osteogenic differentiation ,JAK2/STAT3 signalling ,Oncostatin M ,Tendon-derived stem cells ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose Oncostatin M (OSM) is involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation and has a major role in the development of heterotopic ossification. The role of OSM in osteogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and its mechanism have not been reported. This study aim to investigate the role of OSM in osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs and study the mechanism. Methods TDSCs were differentiated in osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 days. Recombinant OSM was added to the osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 and 14 days. The effect of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor AZD1480 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor stattic in the presence of recombinant OSM on osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs was examined after differentiation for 7 and 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were used to assess the effects on early and mid-stage osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Western blotting and qPCR were used to assess the expression of receptor and signalling pathway-related proteins and osteogenic marker genes, respectively. Results TDSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. Recombinant OSM promoted osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs to early and mid-stages. After addition of AZD1480 or stattic, decreased alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were observed in the early and mid-stages of osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, decreased expression of receptor and pathway-related proteins, and osteogenic genes was found by western blotting and qPCR, respectively. Conclusion OSM promotes osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs and the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway plays an important role.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Targeting the transmembrane cytokine co-receptor neuropilin-1 in distal tubules improves renal injury and fibrosis
- Author
-
Yinzheng Li, Zheng Wang, Huzi Xu, Yu Hong, Mengxia Shi, Bin Hu, Xiuru Wang, Shulin Ma, Meng Wang, Chujin Cao, Han Zhu, Danni Hu, Chang Xu, Yanping Lin, Gang Xu, Ying Yao, and Rui Zeng
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a co-receptor for various cytokines, including TGF-β, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis. However, its role and mechanism in renal fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we show that NRP1 is upregulated in distal tubular (DT) cells of patients with transplant renal insufficiency and mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Knockout of Nrp1 reduces multiple endpoints of renal injury and fibrosis. We find that Nrp1 facilitates the binding of TNF-α to its receptor in DT cells after renal injury. This signaling results in a downregulation of lysine crotonylation of the metabolic enzyme Cox4i1, decreases cellular energetics and exacerbation of renal injury. Furthermore, by single-cell RNA-sequencing we find that Nrp1-positive DT cells secrete collagen and communicate with myofibroblasts, exacerbating acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced renal fibrosis by activating Smad3. Dual genetic deletion of Nrp1 and Tgfbr1 in DT cells better improves renal injury and fibrosis than either single knockout. Together, these results reveal that targeting of NRP1 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of AKI and subsequent chronic kidney disease.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A prediction model for moderate to severe acute kidney injury in people with heart failure
- Author
-
Yu-Qi Yang, Jing-Jing Da, Sheng Nie, Jing Yuan, Bi-Cheng Liu, Hua-Feng Liu, Qiong-Qiong Yang, Hua Li, Gang Xu, Jian-Ping Weng, Yao-Zhong Kong, Qi-Jun Wan, Gui-Sen Li, Chun-Bo Chen, Hong Xu, Ying Hu, Yong-Jun Shi, Yi-Lun Zhou, Guo-Bin Su, Ying Tang, Fan-Fan Hou, and Yan Zha
- Subjects
Acute kidney injury ,Heart failure ,Prediction model ,Machine learning ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Military Science - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. In-line valve condition assessment by transient analysis
- Author
-
Zhihong Long, Gang Xu, Xiaoyan Chen, Yu Li, and Tingchao Yu
- Subjects
River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) ,TC401-506 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,HD9502-9502.5 - Abstract
Negligently partially closed in-line valves in pipes cause undesirable minor head losses that reduce the carrying capacity and increase operating costs attributable to energy consumption. However, few obtained results of in-line valves condition assessment has been offered in the literature. The paper makes further investigations on the interaction between the valve and the transient pressure wave, which provides experimental data support and reference opinions for the transient wave detection of in-line valve status with practical applications. The position of the in-line valve is evaluated by a simple equation and the propagation of transient pressure wave was analyzed. The relevant equations are derived and correlation analysis was performed. Based on the pressure increase value, the head loss coefficient or valve opening degree can be determined, and feasible suggestions for detecting the valve opening degree using transient waves have been made. Under the selected experimental conditions, the absolute error between the calculated valve opening degree and the actual opening degree is below 0.06 (1 for fully open valve opening and 0 for fully closed valve opening), proving that the valve opening assessment method is effective. This paper demonstrates the application of transient wave technology in real-time monitoring and assessment of valve positions. Through this technology, the valve positions in water distribution systems can be optimized effectively, thereby reducing resistance losses, meeting varying water demands, avoiding unnecessary energy waste, and enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the water supply system.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Trusted Deep Domain Adaptation with Uncertainty Measure Based on Evidence Theory.
- Author
-
Ying Lv, Jianpeng Ma, Qilin Li, and Gang Xu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Enhancing Semantic Awareness in Knowledge Graph Embedding.
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Wenbo Zhang, and Tao Wang 0001
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Opportunistic Network Selfish Node Detection Algorithm Based on Credibility Combining Energy and Cache.
- Author
-
Kun Yan, Hao Hu, Gang Xu, Lijie Li, Yanhe Fu, and Gaofeng Zhang
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Opportunistic Network Routing Algorithm Based on Overlapping Communities and Communication Willingness.
- Author
-
Gaofeng Zhang, Yanhe Fu, Gang Xu, Xing Wang, Jia Hao, and Ru Yi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Selfish node filtering algorithm based on opportunity network.
- Author
-
Kun Yan, Hao Hu, Gang Xu, Yuqi Wang, Gaofeng Zhang, and Lijie Li
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Opportunistic Network Routing Based on Node Sociality and Location Information.
- Author
-
Gaofeng Zhang, Jia Hao, Gang Xu, Xing Wang, Yanhe Fu, and Ru Yi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Interplay Between Interest Rates, Volatility, and Herding: Insights from the Chinese Shanghai Stock Market
- Author
-
Gang, Xu, Loang, Ooi Kok, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, and El Khoury, Rim, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Role of Volatility in Mediating the Impact of Reserve Requirement Ratio on Herding in Chinese Shanghai Stock Exchange
- Author
-
Gang, Xu, Weili, Zhu, Loang, Ooi Kok, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, and El Khoury, Rim, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Analytical solution of predicting rib spalling depth of fully-mechanized coal working face based on tri-linear strain softening model
- Author
-
Guoming CHI, Gang LI, Chunhui ZHANG, and Gang XU
- Subjects
fully-mechanized coal working face ,spalling depth predition ,hydraulic support ,structures of macro roof ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
In order to predict rib spalling depth in fully-mechanized mining faces, taking the coal wall as the research object, the coal wall is regarded as a tri-linear strain softening material. Then the direct roof and main roof are taken as macro roof, and the bearing mechanical model for the interaction between macro roof, coal seam, and support is established. Combined with the boundary conditions, the analytical solution of rib spalling depth in fully mechanized mining faces is derived in this paper. The analytical solution was used to investigate the situation of coal wall spalling in the 12401 working face of Shangwan Coal Mine, and the factors and laws influencing coal wall spalling were researched. The results show that: ① The analytical solution of rib spalling depth in the fully mechanized working face in this paper is reliable and reasonable, and can quantitatively investigate the effects of roof characteristics and support parameters. ② Increasing the initial support force can reduce rib spalling depth. Increasing the stiffness of the support can reduce rib spalling depth, however the effect is poor. The supporting strength of the support protective plate, and the rib spalling depth decreases approximately linearly. ③ With the thickness and tensile strength of the roof macroscopic increasing, the rib spalling depth increases. However its growth rate gradually slows down. The main reasons are that the periodic fracture length increases with increment of the thickness and tensile strength of the roof, which leads to increment of the angle of rotation and sinking towards the goaf. ④ The mining height has a significant effect on the rib spalling depth. The rib spalling depth linearly increases with the mining height. ⑤ With uniaxial compressive strength of coal increasing, the rib spalling depth decreases. With the interface friction coefficient between the roof and the coal increasing, the rib spalling depth decreases. ⑥ With the dynamic loading coefficient of the roof increasing, the rib spalling depth increases linearly.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Simplification of the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Culture Process for Expanding the Field of Biomachining
- Author
-
Fei Ma, Meie Zheng, Hui Huang, Gang Xu, Yumei Li, Wei Xiong, and Yi Yang
- Subjects
Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Multi-layer network embedding on scc-based network with motif
- Author
-
Lu Sun, Xiaona Li, Mingyue Zhang, Liangtian Wan, Yun Lin, Xianpeng Wang, and Gang Xu
- Subjects
Semantic communication and computing ,Multi-layer network ,Graph neural network ,Motif ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 - Abstract
Interconnection of all things challenges the traditional communication methods, and Semantic Communication and Computing (SCC) will become new solutions. It is a challenging task to accurately detect, extract, and represent semantic information in the research of SCC-based networks. In previous research, researchers usually use convolution to extract the feature information of a graph and perform the corresponding task of node classification. However, the content of semantic information is quite complex. Although graph convolutional neural networks provide an effective solution for node classification tasks, due to their limitations in representing multiple relational patterns and not recognizing and analyzing higher-order local structures, the extracted feature information is subject to varying degrees of loss. Therefore, this paper extends from a single-layer topology network to a multi-layer heterogeneous topology network. The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) training word vector is introduced to extract the semantic features in the network, and the existing graph neural network is improved by combining the higher-order local feature module of the network model representation network. A multi-layer network embedding algorithm on SCC-based networks with motifs is proposed to complete the task of end-to-end node classification. We verify the effectiveness of the algorithm on a real multi-layer heterogeneous network.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A Cullin 5-based complex serves as an essential modulator of ORF9b stability in SARS-CoV-2 replication
- Author
-
Yuzheng Zhou, Zongpeng Chen, Sijie Liu, Sixu Liu, Yujie Liao, Ashuai Du, Zijun Dong, Yongxing Zhang, Xuan Chen, Siyi Tao, Xin Wu, Aroona Razzaq, Gang Xu, De-an Tan, Shanni Li, Youwen Deng, Jian Peng, Shuyan Dai, Xu Deng, Xianwen Zhang, Taijiao Jiang, Zheng Zhang, Gong Cheng, Jincun Zhao, and Zanxian Xia
- Subjects
Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract The ORF9b protein, derived from the nucleocapsid’s open-reading frame in both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, serves as an accessory protein crucial for viral immune evasion by inhibiting the innate immune response. Despite its significance, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying its function remain elusive. In the present study, we unveil that the ORF9b protein of SARS-CoV-2, including emerging mutant strains like Delta and Omicron, can undergo ubiquitination at the K67 site and subsequent degradation via the proteasome pathway, despite certain mutations present among these strains. Moreover, our investigation further uncovers the pivotal role of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (TOM70) as a substrate receptor, bridging ORF9b with heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α) and Cullin 5 (CUL5) to form a complex. Within this complex, CUL5 triggers the ubiquitination and degradation of ORF9b, acting as a host antiviral factor, while HSP90α functions to stabilize it. Notably, treatment with HSP90 inhibitors such as GA or 17-AAG accelerates the degradation of ORF9b, leading to a pronounced inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Single-cell sequencing data revealed an up-regulation of HSP90α in lung epithelial cells from COVID-19 patients, suggesting a potential mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 may exploit HSP90α to evade the host immunity. Our study identifies the CUL5-TOM70-HSP90α complex as a critical regulator of ORF9b protein stability, shedding light on the intricate host–virus immune response dynamics and offering promising avenues for drug development against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Genetic analysis of a family affected by congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a Novel mutation in the SLC5A7 gene
- Author
-
Sheng Tian, Huan Sun, Fen-Fang Gao, Kang Zhang, Jing Nan, Mu Niu, Xiao Jia, Gang Xu, and Wei Ge
- Subjects
Congenital myasthenic syndrome ,SLC5A7 gene ,Choline transporter ,Myasthenia ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Mutations in the SLC5A7 gene cause congenital myasthenia, a rare genetic disorder. Mutation points in the SLC5A7 gene differ among individuals and encompass various genetic variations; however, exon deletion variants have yet to be reported in related cases. This study aims to explore the clinical phenotype and genetic traits of a patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome due to SLC5A7 gene variation and those of their family members. Case presentation We describe a case of a Chinese male with congenital myasthenic syndrome presenting fluctuating limb weakness. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous deletion mutation spanning exons 1–9 in the SLC5A7 gene. QPCR confirmed a deletion in exon 9 of the SLC5A7 gene in the patient’s mother and brother. Clinical symptoms of myasthenia improved following treatment with pyridostigmine. Conclusion Exons 1, 5, and 9 of the SLC5A7 gene encode the choline transporter’s transmembrane region. Mutations in these exons can impact the stability and plasma membrane levels of the choline transporter. Thus, a heterozygous deletion in exons 1–9 of the SLC5A7 gene could be the pathogenic cause for this patient. In patients exhibiting fluctuating weakness, positive RNS, and seronegativity for myasthenia gravis antibodies, a detailed family history should be considered, and enhanced genetic testing is recommended to determine the cause.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Buck technique supplemented by temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation to repair lumbar spondylolysis in youth
- Author
-
Yuchen Ye, Huiwen Yang, Tao Ma, Kun Zhu, Gang Xu, Zhongbing Han, Zhili Zhang, Nan Wu, Xuan Guo, Huanyu Li, Pinghui Zhou, Zhengqi Bao, and Changchun Zhang
- Subjects
Lumbar spondylolysis ,Surgical repair ,Buck technique ,Intersegmental fixation ,Sagittal balance ,Herbert screw ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Lumbar spondylolysis is a bone defect in the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebral, which is a common cause of low back pain in youth. Although non-surgical treatment is a mainstream option, surgery is necessary for patients with persistent symptoms. Buck technique is widely used as a classical direct repair technique, but it cannot achieve reduction of low-grade spondylolisthesis and reconstruction of lumbosacral sagittal balance. We have described a novel surgical procedure based on Buck technique with temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation, and report a series of clinical outcomes in 5 patients to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of young lumbar spondylolysis. Methods Five young patients with symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis with a mean age of 19.20 ± 5.41 years underwent surgical treatment after an average of 7.60 ± 1.52 months of failure to respond to conservative treatment, using a new surgical procedure based on Buck technique combined with temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation. Results Five patients were successfully operated without serious complications such as nerve and vascular injury. The average operation time was 109.00 ± 7.42 min, the interpretative average blood loss was 148.00 ± 31.14 ml, and the average fusion time was 11.20 ± 1.64 months. All patients were followed up for 2 years after surgery, and the visual analogue score (VAS) of low back pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and the Henderson’s evaluation were rated excellent or good. After the removal of the internal fixation, it was observed that temporary intersegmental fixation could repair the isthmus, reduce lumbar spondylolisthesis, and reconstruct the sagittal balance of the lumbosacral vertebrae while preserving lumbar motion and preventing intervertebral disc degeneration. Postoperative MRI indicated the Pfirrmann classification of the affected discs: 1 case from grade III to grade II, 3 cases from grade II to grade I, and 1 case remained grade II. Conclusions Buck technique supplemented by temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation is a highly applicable and effective method for the treatment of adolescent lumbar spondylolysis. The isthmic fusion is accurate, and temporary intersegmental fixation can effectively prevent disc degeneration and reconstruct the sagittal balance of lumbosacral vertebra.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Real-world effectiveness of early insulin therapy on the incidence of cardiovascular events in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
- Author
-
Sihui Luo, Xueying Zheng, Wei Bao, Sheng Nie, Yu Ding, Tong Yue, Yilun Zhou, Ying Hu, Hua Li, Qiongqiong Yang, Qijun Wan, Bicheng Liu, Hong Xu, Guisen Li, Gang Xu, Chunbo Chen, Huafeng Liu, Yongjun Shi, Yan Zha, Yaozhong Kong, Guobin Su, Ying Tang, Mengchun Gong, Linong Ji, Fan Fan Hou, and Jianping Weng
- Subjects
Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Early insulin therapy is capable to achieve glycemic control and restore β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in these patients remains unclear. In this nationwide real-world study, we analyzed electronic health record data from 19 medical centers across China between 1 January 2000, and 26 May 2022. We included 5424 eligible patients (mean age 56 years, 2176 women/3248 men) who were diagnosed T2D within six months and did not have prior cardiovascular disease. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of early insulin therapy (defined as the first-line therapy for at least two weeks in newly diagnosed T2D patients) with the incidence of major cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure (HF). During 17,158 persons years of observation, we documented 834 incident CHD cases, 719 stroke cases, and 230 hospitalized cases for HF. Newly diagnosed T2D patients who received early insulin therapy, compared with those who did not receive such treatment, had 31% lower risk of incident stroke, and 28% lower risk of hospitalization for HF. No significant difference in the risk of CHD was observed. We found similar results when repeating the aforesaid analysis in a propensity-score matched population of 4578 patients and with inverse probability of treatment weighting models. These findings suggest that early insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T2D may have cardiovascular benefits by reducing the risk of incident stroke and hospitalization for HF.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evolving urban allometric scaling law of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United Kingdom
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Siyuan Zhang, Edwin McCulley, Ran Wu, Xinhu Li, and Limin Jiao
- Subjects
Complex urban system ,Allometric scaling law ,Infectious diseases ,COVID-19 ,Urban health ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
Infectious diseases depend on intensified social intercourse within large cities, resulting in a super-linear allometric scaling law with city size. But how this scaling relationship changes throughout an evolving pandemic is seldom studied and remains unclear. Here, we investigate allometric scaling laws between cases/deaths and city size and their temporal evolution using daily COVID-19 cases/deaths of cities in the United Kingdom from March 2020 to May 2022. Results indicate that cases exhibit a super-linear scaling pattern with city size, revealing higher morbidity in large cities. Temporally, scaling exponents stabilized at around 1.25 after a rapid increase from less than one and then decreased to one. Scaling exponents of COVID-19 deaths exhibited a comparable trend to cases but with a lag in time and a weaker super-linear relationship. Scaling exponents increased first, then stabilized, and then decreased during each wave. Temporal variations of scaling exponents reveal the spatial diffusion of infectious diseases from large to small cities, whose mechanism needs further exploration.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Does depressurization of the portal vein before liver transplantation affect the recurrence of HCC? A nested case-control study
- Author
-
Guo Wei, Yong Zhao, Shifeng Feng, Jingsheng Yuan, Gang Xu, Tao Lv, Jian Yang, Lingxiang Kong, and Jiayin Yang
- Subjects
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ,Liver transplantation (LT) ,Tumor recurrence ,Portal hypertension (PHT) ,Portosystemic Shunt (PSS) ,Splenectomy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Portal hypertension (PHT) has been proven to be closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether PHT before liver transplantation (LT) will affect the recurrence of HCC is not clear. Methods 110 patients with depressurization of the portal vein (DPV) operations (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt—TIPS, surgical portosystemic shunt or/and splenectomy) before LT from a HCC LT cohort, matched with 330 preoperative non-DPV patients; this constituted a nested case-control study. Subgroup analysis was based on the order of DPV before or after the occurrence of HCC. Results The incidence of acute kidney injury and intra-abdominal bleeding after LT in the DPV group was significantly higher than that in non-DPV group. The 5-year survival rates in the DPV and non-DPV group were 83.4% and 82.7% respectively (P = 0.930). In subgroup analysis, patients in the DPV prior to HCC subgroup may have a lower recurrence rate (4.7% vs.16.8%, P = 0.045) and a higher tumor free survival rate (88.9% vs.74.4%, P = 0.044) after LT under the up-to-date TNMI–II stage, while in TNM III stage, there was no difference for DPV prior to HCC subgroup compared with the DPV after HCC subgroup or the non-DPV group. Conclusion Compared with DPV after HCC, DPV treatment before HCC can reduce the recurrence rate of HCC after early transplantation (TNM I-II). DPV before LT can reduce the recurrence of early HCC.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals prognostic characteristics of lysosome-dependent cell death-related genes in osteosarcoma
- Author
-
Yueshu Wu, Jun Yang, Gang Xu, Xiaolin Chen, and Xiaochen Qu
- Subjects
Osteosarcoma ,Lysosome-dependent cell death ,Prognosis ,Immune ,Biomarkers ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tumor cells exhibit a heightened susceptibility to lysosomal-dependent cell death (LCD) compared to normal cells. However, the role of LCD-related genes (LCD-RGs) in Osteosarcoma (OS) remains unelucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the role of LCD-RGs and their mechanisms in OS using several existing OS related datasets, including TCGA-OS, GSE16088, GSE14359, GSE21257 and GSE162454. Results Analysis identified a total of 8,629 DEGs1, 2,777 DEGs2 and 21 intersection genes. Importantly, two biomarkers (ATP6V0D1 and HDAC6) linked to OS prognosis were identified to establish the prognostic model. Significant differences in risk scores for OS survival were observed between high and low-risk cohorts. Additionally, scores of dendritic cells (DC), immature DCs and γδT cells differed significantly between the two risk cohorts. Cell annotations from GSE162454 encompassed eight types (myeloid cells, osteoblastic OS cells and plasma cells). ATP6V0D1 was found to be significantly over-expressed in myeloid cells and osteoclasts, while HDAC6 was under-expressed across all cell types. Moreover, single-cell trajectory mapping revealed that myeloid cells and osteoclasts differentiated first, underscoring their pivotal role in patients with OS. Furthermore, ATP6V0D1 expression progressively decreased with time. Conclusions A new prognostic model for OS, associated with LCD-RGs, was developed and validated, offering a fresh perspective for exploring the association between LCD and OS.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Stapokibart (CM310) targets IL-4Rα for the treatment of type 2 inflammation
- Author
-
Wei Liu, Yan Zhao, Yanyun He, Xinyu Yan, Juntao Yu, Qin Song, Libo Zhang, Bohan Dong, Gang Xu, Changyu Wang, Jianzhong Zhang, and Bo Chen
- Subjects
Immunology ,Drugs ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Stapokibart (CM310) is a humanized IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody currently undergoing phase 3 trials for type 2 inflammatory diseases. In contrast to dupilumab, which bound exclusively to human IL-4Rα, stapokibart demonstrated cross-species reactivity to IL-4Rα from human, cynomolgus monkey, and rat. Stapokibart exhibited comparable blocking activity to dupilumab. Epitope mapping revealed that stapokibart bound to distinct sites on IL-4Rα compared to dupilumab. In vitro assays showed that stapokibart was comparable or numerically superior in blocking IL-4Rα-mediated signaling compared to dupilumab. In vivo studies further demonstrated that stapokibart effectively inhibited the progression of type 2 inflammation. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a circulating half-life of approximately 298–351 h in cynomolgus monkeys and 55–142 h in rats for stapokibart. Toxicity studies indicated a favorable safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys and rats. The preclinical evaluation of stapokibart supports its clinical development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. An attribute-based access control scheme using blockchain technology for IoT data protection
- Author
-
Zenghui Yang, Xiubo Chen, Yunfeng He, Luxi Liu, Yinmei Che, Xiao Wang, Ke Xiao, and Gang Xu
- Subjects
Attribute-based encryption ,Access control ,Blockchain ,IoT data protection ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
With the wide application of the Internet of Things (IoT), storing large amounts of IoT data and protecting data privacy has become a meaningful issue. In general, the access control mechanism is used to prevent illegal users from accessing private data. However, traditional data access control schemes face some non-ignorable problems, such as only supporting coarse-grained access control, the risk of centralization, and high trust issues. In this paper, an attribute-based data access control scheme using blockchain technology is proposed. To address these problems, attribute-based encryption (ABE) has become a promising solution for encrypted data access control. Firstly, we utilize blockchain technology to construct a decentralized access control scheme, which can grant data access with transparency and traceability. Furthermore, our scheme also guarantees the privacy of policies and attributes on the blockchain network. Secondly, we optimize an ABE scheme, which makes the size of system parameters smaller and improves the efficiency of algorithms. These optimizations enable our proposed scheme supports large attribute universe requirements in IoT environments. Thirdly, to prohibit attribute impersonation and attribute replay attacks, we design a challenge-response mechanism to verify the ownership of attributes. Finally, we evaluate the security and performance of the scheme. And comparisons with other related schemes show the advantages of our proposed scheme. Compared to existing schemes, our scheme has more comprehensive advantages, such as supporting a large universe, full security, expressive policy, and policy hiding.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Evolution of Earth's habitability regulated by deep earth processes
- Author
-
Yi-Gang Xu
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. CAMEL2: Enhancing Weakly Supervised Learning for Histopathology Images by Incorporating the Significance Ratio
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Shuhao Wang, Lingyu Zhao, Xiao Chen, Tongwei Wang, Lang Wang, Zhenwei Luo, Dahan Wang, Zewen Zhang, Aijun Liu, Wei Ba, Zhigang Song, Huaiyin Shi, Dingrong Zhong, and Jianpeng Ma
- Subjects
deep learning ,histopathology image analysis ,weakly supervised learning ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) ,TJ212-225 - Abstract
Histopathology image analysis plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis. However, training a clinically applicable segmentation algorithm requires pathologists to engage in labor‐intensive labeling. In contrast, weakly supervised learning methods, which only require coarse‐grained labels at the image level, can significantly reduce the labeling efforts. Unfortunately, while these methods perform reasonably well in slide‐level prediction, their ability to locate cancerous regions, which is essential for many clinical applications, remains unsatisfactory. Previously, CAMEL is proposed, which achieves comparable results to those of fully supervised baselines in pixel‐level segmentation. However, CAMEL requires 1280 × 1280 image‐level binary annotations for positive WSIs. Here, CAMEL2 is presented, by introducing a threshold of the cancerous ratio for positive bags, it allows one to better utilize the information, consequently enabling us to scale up the image‐level setting from 1280 × 1280 to 5120 × 5120 while maintaining accuracy. The results with various datasets demonstrate that CAMEL2, with the help of 5120 × 5120 image‐level binary annotations, which are easy to annotate, achieves comparable performance to that of a fully supervised baseline in both instance‐ and slide‐level classifications.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Geochemistry of Olivine Melt Inclusion Reveals Interactions Between Deeply Derived Carbonated Melts From the Big Mantle Wedge and Pyroxenite in the Lithospheric Mantle Beneath Eastern Asia
- Author
-
Zhen Wei, Hong‐Yan Li, Liang Ma, Yong‐Sheng Hou, Yu Wang, and Yi‐Gang Xu
- Subjects
Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Abstract Our current knowledge regarding the distribution patterns of ancient and recent recycled materials, as well as the origin of intraplate basalts in the eastern Asia Big Mantle Wedge (BMW), is limited. To address this, we conducted a detailed geochemical analysis of olivine melt inclusions (OLMI) in nephelinite samples. The normal OLMIs detected in our investigation exhibit geochemical features that closely resemble those of the hosting nephelinite, indicating a consistent association with a carbonated mantle source. Additionally, we identified a distinct group of anomalous OLMIs that displayed different geochemical characteristics from the hosting nephelinite but showed similarities to regional alkali basalts sourced from pyroxenite. The observed geochemical diversity in the nephelinite OLMIs suggests an interaction between deeply derived carbonated melts originating from the flattened Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone and pyroxenite in the lithospheric mantle. Carbonated fluid‐fluxed melting is key to basalt formation in the BMW.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Potential Gradient‐Driven Dual‐Functional Electrochromic and Electrochemical Device Based on a Shared Electrode Design
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Wei Zhang, Guangjun Zhu, Huan Xia, Hanning Zhang, Qian Xie, Peng Jin, Haoyu Zhang, Chengjie Yi, Ruqian Zhang, Lingfeng Ji, Tao Shui, Nosipho Moloto, Wei She, and ZhengMing Sun
- Subjects
electrochromic device ,gradient potential ,self‐powered ,shared electrode ,zinc‐ion battery ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The integration of electrochromic devices and energy storage systems in wearable electronics is highly desirable yet challenging, because self‐powered electrochromic devices often require an open system design for continuous replenishment of the strong oxidants to enable the coloring/bleaching processes. A self‐powered electrochromic device has been developed with a close configuration by integrating a Zn/MnO2 ionic battery into the Prussian blue (PB)‐based electrochromic system. Zn and MnO2 electrodes, as dual shared electrodes, the former one can reduce the PB electrode to the Prussian white (PW) electrode and serves as the anode in the battery; the latter electrode can oxidize the PW electrode to its initial state and acts as the cathode in the battery. The bleaching/coloring processes are driven by the gradient potential between Zn/PB and PW/MnO2 electrodes. The as‐prepared Zn||PB||MnO2 system demonstrates superior electrochromic performance, including excellent optical contrast (80.6%), fast self‐bleaching/coloring speed (2.0/3.2 s for bleaching/coloring), and long‐term self‐powered electrochromic cycles. An air‐working Zn||PB||MnO2 device is also developed with a 70.3% optical contrast, fast switching speed (2.2/4.8 s for bleaching/coloring), and over 80 self‐bleaching/coloring cycles. Furthermore, the closed nature enables the fabrication of various flexible electrochromic devices, exhibiting great potentials for the next‐generation wearable electrochromic devices.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. 4D High-Resolution Imagery of Point Clouds for Automotive mmWave Radar.
- Author
-
Mengjie Jiang, Gang Xu 0002, Hao Pei, Zeyun Feng, Shuai Ma 0002, Hui Zhang 0071, and Wei Hong 0002
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Secure Computing Protocols for Internet of Things Data Fusion Based on Set Intersection and Union Against Malicious Enemies.
- Author
-
Xin Liu 0013, Ruxue Wang, Lu Peng, Dan Luo, Gang Xu, Xiu-Bo Chen, Neal Xiong 0001, and Xiaomeng Liu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Spatial Information-Aware Flight Safety Forecasting Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Deep Learning and Grey Analysis.
- Author
-
Mingbo Pan, Yikai Wang, Weibin Su, Gang Xu, Zhengfang He, Jiangzheng Zhao, and Jiarui Dong
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Based on General Deep Forest Module.
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Yanqin Zhang, Jian Mo, Yiming Chen, Yunge Wang, and Peng Wang 0030
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Portal Vein Pressure Estimation and Portal Hypertension Discrimination Based on Subharmonic Scattering of Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubbles.
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Yun Wang, Huimin Lu, Changcan Li, Laixin Huang, Min Su, Huayu Yang, Deyu Li, Weibao Qiu, Minghao Sun, Jiayin Yang, Yilei Mao, and Fei Li
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Dual Frequency Transformer for Efficient SDR-to-HDR Translation.
- Author
-
Gang Xu, Qibin Hou, and Ming-Ming Cheng
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A Robust Nonlocal Tensor Decomposition Method for InSAR Phase Denoising.
- Author
-
Gang Xu 0002, Fangzheng Xu, Xiang-Gen Xia 0001, Hanwen Yu, Honghao Zhou, Jian Kang 0005, and Mengdao Xing
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Nonparametric Full-Aperture Autofocus Imaging for Microwave Photonic SAR.
- Author
-
Jianlai Chen, Rongqi Xiong, Hanwen Yu, Gang Xu 0002, and Mengdao Xing
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Integrating TPS, cylindrical projection, and plumb-line constraint for natural stitching of multiple images.
- Author
-
Jiongli Gao, Jun Wu 0017, Xuemei Zhao, and Gang Xu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Towards Accurate Smartphone Localization Using CSI Measurements.
- Author
-
Runze Yang, Baoqi Huang, Zhendong Xu, Bing Jia, and Gang Xu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Joint Robust Beamforming and Orientation Optimizing for ARIS-Aided Communication With ARIS Location Uncertainty.
- Author
-
Lei Yang 0015, Shuai Ma 0002, Shengqiang Shen, Gang Xu 0002, and Shiyin Li
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. BHPVAS: visual analysis system for pruning attention heads in BERT model.
- Author
-
Zhen Liu, Haibo Sun, Huawei Sun, Xinyu Hong, Gang Xu, and Xiangyang Wu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A new modular framework for high-level application development at HEPS
- Author
-
Xiaohan Lu, Yaliang Zhao, Hongfei Ji, Yi Jiao, Jingyi Li, Nan Li, Cai Meng, Yuemei Peng, Daheng Ji, Yuanyuan Wei, Haisheng Xu, Weimin Pan, and Gang Xu
- Subjects
high-level application ,pyapas ,physical quantities ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
As a representative of the fourth-generation light sources, the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in Beijing, China, utilizes a multi-bend achromat lattice to obtain an approximately 100 times emittance reduction compared with third-generation light sources. New technologies bring new challenges to operate the storage ring. In order to meet the beam commissioning requirements of HEPS, a new framework for the development of high-level applications (HLAs) has been created. The key part of the new framework is a dual-layer physical module to facilitate the seamless fusion of physical simulation models with the real machine, allowing for fast switching between different simulation models to accommodate the various simulation scenarios. As a framework designed for development of physical applications, all variables are based on physical quantities. This allows physicists to analytically assess measurement parameters and optimize machine parameters in a more intuitive manner. To enhance both extensibility and adaptability, a modular design strategy is utilized, partitioning the entire framework into discrete modules in alignment with the requirements of HLA development. This strategy not only facilitates the independent development of each module but also minimizes inter-module coupling, thereby simplifying the maintenance and expansion of the entire framework. To simplify the development complexity, the design of the new framework is implemented using Python and is called Python-based Accelerator Physics Application Set (Pyapas). Taking advantage of Python's flexibility and robust library support, we are able to develop and iterate quickly, while also allowing for seamless integration with other scientific computing applications. HLAs for both the HEPS linac and booster have been successfully developed. During the beam commissioning process at the linac, Pyapas's ease of use and reliability have significantly reduced the time required for the beam commissioning operators. As a development framework for HLA designed for the new-generation light sources, Pyapas has the versatility to be employed with HEPS, as well as with other comparable light sources, due to its adaptability.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Departmental distribution and clinical epidemiology of acute kidney injury in hospitalized elders
- Author
-
Xing-yang Zhao, Gang Xu, and Shu-wang Ge
- Subjects
acute kidney injury ,elderly patients ,epidemiology ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Objective To explore the distribution, incidence, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital mortality risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized elders across various clinical departments. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted for medical records of elders aged ≥65 years admitted between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Collected clinical data included demographic profiles, comorbidities, medication usage and laboratory test results. AKI was defined based upon the dynamic baseline creatinine algorithm according to the guidelines of the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes. Stacked bar charts were employed for displaying the distribution and incidence of AKI across different departments. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed for examining various risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were employed for comparing cumulative survival rates among elders of varying AKI stages. Results A total of 154,696 elder episodes fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 6,879(4.4%) developed AKI. Significant differences existed in the distribution and incidence of AKI across departments. The highest incidence was in Intensive Care Unit at 30.1%, followed by Cardiovascular Surgery at 24.3% and Trauma Surgery at 11.3%. The in-hospital mortality rate of AKI elders was 15.9% and it spiked with AKI severity. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher AKI stages (OR = 2.89, 95%CI: 2.15-3.88, P<0.001), pulmonary infection (OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.59-2.56, P<0.001), malignancy(OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.25-2.04, P<0.001) and hypoalbuminemia (OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.54-2.43, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Only 6.0% of AKI elders had an “AKI” diagnosis at discharge. Conclusion The incidence of AKI in elders rises with age. AKI elders often have underlying diseases and receive nephrotoxic medications, predominantly at clinical departments other than nephrology. Age, AKI stage, pulmonary infection, DM, malignancy and hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for in-hospital mortality in AKI elders. A large majority of AKIs are underdiagnosed during hospitalization, highlighting the need for heightened attention to AKI elders.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Melt-quenched glass formation of a family of metal-carboxylate frameworks
- Author
-
Wen-Long Xue, Guo-Qiang Li, Hui Chen, Yu-Chen Han, Li Feng, Lu Wang, Xiao-Ling Gu, Si-Yuan Hu, Yu-Heng Deng, Lei Tan, Martin T. Dove, Wei Li, Jiangwei Zhang, Hongliang Dong, Zhiqiang Chen, Wei-Hua Deng, Gang Xu, Guo Wang, and Chong-Qing Wan
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are an emerging class of glasses which complement traditional inorganic, organic and metallic counterparts due to their hybrid nature. Although a few zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have been made into glasses, how to melt and quench the largest subclass of MOFs, metal carboxylate frameworks, into glasses remains challenging. Here, we develop a strategy by grafting the zwitterions on the carboxylate ligands and incorporating organic acids in the framework channels to enable the glass formation. The charge delocalization of zwitterion-acid subsystem and the densely filled channels facilitate the coordination bonding mismatch and thus reduce the melting temperature. Following melt-quenching realizes the glass formation of a family of carboxylate MOFs (UiO-67, UiO-68 and DUT-5), which are usually believed to be un-meltable. Our work opens up an avenue for melt-quenching porous molecular solids into glasses.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Rationally introducing non-canonical amino acids to enhance catalytic activity of LmrR for Henry reaction
- Author
-
Lan Wang, Mengting Zhang, Haidong Teng, Zhe Wang, Shulin Wang, Pengcheng Li, Jianping Wu, Lirong Yang, and Gang Xu
- Subjects
Henry reaction ,Catalytic activity ,Rational design ,Non-canonical amino acid ,Molecular dynamics simulations ,Technology ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract The use of enzymes to catalyze Henry reaction has advantages of mild reaction conditions and low contamination, but low enzyme activity of promiscuous catalysis limits its application. Here, rational design was first performed to identify the key amino acid residues in Henry reaction catalyzed by Lactococcal multidrug resistance Regulator (LmrR). Further, non-canonical amino acids were introduced into LmrR, successfully obtaining variants that enhanced the catalytic activity of LmrR. The best variant, V15CNF, showed a 184% increase in enzyme activity compared to the wild type, and was 1.92 times more effective than the optimal natural amino acid variant, V15F. Additionally, this variant had a broad substrate spectrum, capable of catalyzing reactions between various aromatic aldehydes and nitromethane, with product yielded ranging from 55 to 99%. This study improved enzymatic catalytic activity by enhancing affinity between the enzyme and substrates, while breaking limited types of natural amino acid residues by introducing non-canonical amino acids into the enzyme, providing strategies for molecular modifications. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Nonlinear topological symmetry protection in a dissipative system
- Author
-
Stéphane Coen, Bruno Garbin, Gang Xu, Liam Quinn, Nathan Goldman, Gian-Luca Oppo, Miro Erkintalo, Stuart G. Murdoch, and Julien Fatome
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract We investigate experimentally and theoretically a system ruled by an intricate interplay between topology, nonlinearity, and spontaneous symmetry breaking. The experiment is based on a two-mode coherently-driven optical resonator where photons interact through the Kerr nonlinearity. In presence of a phase defect, the modal structure acquires a synthetic Möbius topology enabling the realization of spontaneous symmetry breaking in inherently bias-free conditions without fine tuning of parameters. Rigorous statistical tests confirm the robustness of the underlying symmetry protection, which manifests itself by a periodic alternation of the modes reminiscent of period-doubling. This dynamic also confers long term stability to various localized structures including domain walls, solitons, and breathers. Our findings are supported by an effective Hamiltonian model and have relevance to other systems of interacting bosons and to the Floquet engineering of quantum matter. They could also be beneficial to the implementation of coherent Ising machines.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.