Search

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Annali Sper. agr., N.S. 1 (3): 457 (1947) Index Fungorum registration number: 300023 Colonies on PDA covered the entire 9 cm plate in 2 weeks at 28���30 0 C, dark grey to black with aging, reverse black, irregular, margin filiform, appearance flat, velvety. Abundant mycelia with sclerotia imbedded (Figure 1j, k.). Conidiophores 10���15 ��m (x��=12.4) in length and 5���12 ��m (x��=7) in width, subhyaline, septate, branching at an almost right angle to the parent hyphae. Sclerotia by aggregation of hyphae, 50���150 ��m (x��=122) spherical or oblong (Figure 1l.). Notes: The Macrophomina isolate (MZ277271) in this study was 99.62% similar to Macrophomina phaseolina closest match of accession number KT862032 (identity: 535/539, gaps: 3/539)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Orbilia foliicola Baral & E. Weber, in Baral, Weber & Marson, Monogr. Orbiliomycetes: 482 (2020) Index Fungorum registration number: 813487 Colonies on PDA are fast-growing, reached �� th of the 9 cm plate in 10 days at 28���30 0 C, orange, reverse orange, circular, margin curled, appearance flat, smooth, concentric circles on both sides (Figure 3j, k.). Conidiophore 11���29 ��m (x��=20) in length and 1.5���2 ��m (x��=1.6) in width, hyaline, smooth, high branching pattern (Figure 3l.), exudates orange pigmented. Notes: The Orbilia foliicola isolate (MZ277276) from this study was 100% similar to the closest match KU715138 (identity: 520/520, gaps: 0/520)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Aspergillus niger Tiegh., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., s��r. 5 8: 240 (1867) Index Fungorum registration number: 284309 Colonies on PDA are fast-growing, reached approximately �� th of the 9 cm plate in two weeks at 28���30 0 C, black, reverse black initially, turned greyish, or brownish black with aging (Figure 1h, q, 2b, h, 5k), irregular, margin undulate, flat, mycelia concentric, granular (Figure 1 g, p, 2a, g, 5j.). Conidiophores 1.5���3.0 mm (x��=2.7) in length and 10���14 ��m (x��=12) in width, aseptate, thick-walled, smooth and hyaline with round vesicle. Phialides columnar with radial chains covering the entire surface of the vesicle; Conidial heads large 750���850 ��m (x��=824), black, globose (Figures 1i, r and 2c, i), Conidia brown, thick-walled, spherical or sub-spherical, 2.5���10 ��m (x��=6.5) diam., produced in large number (Figure 5l.) Notes: The Aspergillus niger recovered from Arachis hypogea kernel (MZ314419 and MZ331798) showed similarity to KT898605 (identity: 378/388, gaps: 0/388) and MH091025 (identity: 587/588, gaps: 1/588) respectively. Those isolates from the seed coat (MZ277273 and MZ314420) were 99% similar to HQ285532 (identity: 600/602, gaps: 1/602) and EU440778 (identity: 551/553, gaps: 2/553) respectively. The isolate from Vigna sinensis (MZ323689) showed 98.48% similarity to MT316340 (identity: 584/593, gaps: 3/593)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Bipolaris sivanesaniana Y.P. Tan & R.G. Shivas, in Tan, Crous & Shivas, Mycol. Progr. 15 (10): 1210 (2016) Index Fungorum registration number: 817468 Colonies on PDA covered the entire 9 cm plate in 10 days at 28���30 0 C, grey-black floccose, reverse black, irregular, margin undulate, exudates present, appearance velvety, dull, umbonate (Figure 3d, e). Conidiophore 600���800 ��m (x��=752) in length and 4���6 ��m (x��=5.2) in width, subhyaline, pseudo septate, branched, basal cell swollen and darker. Conidia 14���15.5 ��m (x��=14.7) ellipsoid, obclavate or slightly curved, hyaline arranged on rachis, distinct conidiogenous nodes (Figure 3f.). Notes: The isolate (MZ277275) from Oryza sativa showed 100% similarity to KU715234 (identity: 566/566, gaps: 0/566)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn, Jber. schles. Ges. vaterl. Kultur61: 227 (1884) [1883] Index Fungorum registration number: 426783 Colonies on PDA are moderately fast-growing, reached approximately �� th of the 9 cm plate in two weeks at 28���30 0 C, start as white or pale yellow from inoculation points and turn green, reverse green, irregular, margin curled, appearance flat, powdery, concentric circles (Figure 1d, e, 5a, b). Conidiophore very long, 4���5 mm (x��=4.7) in length and 3���12 ��m (x��=9) in width, branched, hyaline with flask-shaped vesicles of 40���50 ��m (x��=42), Phialides clustered terminal, covering the surface of the vesicle (Figure 5c.), Conidial heads 100���300 ��m (x��=210) diam. globose with conidia in acropetal chain arrangement (Figure 1f) with longitudinal and transverse septations. Conidia 4.5���7.5 ��m (x��=6.5), greenish-brown, spherical, smooth-walled., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Aspergillus flavus Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin3 (1���2): 16 (1809) Index Fungorum registration number: 209842 Colonies on PDA are fast-growing, reached approximately �� th of the 9 cm plate in ten days at 28���30 0 C, black, reverse black, irregular, margin curled, appearance granular, flat, mycelia less concentrated concentric turning filamentous on maturation (Figure 5g, h). Sclerotia dark brown to black. Conidiophore 400���830 ��m (x��=520) in length and 8���12 ��m (x��=10) in width, smooth-walled, stout with dichotomous or trichotomous branching, rhizoids at the base, globose vesicles of 20���50 ��m (x��=36) diam. (Figure 5i). Notes: The Aspergillus flavus isolate (MZ314421) was 99.63% similar to MH329787 (identity: 536/538, gaps: 2/538)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on pages 270-271, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Daldinia eschscholtzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm [as ��� eschscholzii ���], Annls mycol. 2(2): 175 (1904) Index Fungorum registration number: 544992 Colonies on PDA covered half the 9 cm plate in 7 days at 28���30 0 C, grey with a white margin, reverse black with a white margin, circular, margin undulate, appearance powdery, mycelia white and raised, melanized hyphae with brownish exudates (Figure 3h.). Conidiophore 0.8���2 ��m (x��=1.5) in length and 0.7���1.5 ��m (x��=1.2) in width, septate, thin-walled, hyaline, black exudates, irregular branching (Figure 3i.). Notes: The isolate (MZ 204059) from Oryza sativa showed 100% similarity to MF773683 (identity: 512/512, gaps: 0/512)., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on pages 274-275, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Aspergillus sp. P. Micheli, Nov. pl. gen. (Florentiae): 212, tab. 92 (1729) Index Fungorum registration number: 39019 Colonies on PDA are moderately fast-growing, reached approximately �� th of the 9 cm plate in two weeks at 28���30 0 C, black, reverse black but turned greyish with aging, irregular, margin undulate, appearance flat, granular (Figure 5d, e). Conidiophore 1.5���2.5 mm (x��=2.4) in length and 10���12 ��m (x��=11.2) in width, aseptate, rough-walled, hyaline with rounded vesicle. Conidial head large 750���850 ��m (x��=810), black, globose, with radial phialides. Conidia brown, thick-walled, spherical (Figure 5f.), Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364

Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., Verh. K. Akad. Wet., tweede sect. 4 (2): 16 (1895) Index Fungorum registration number: 433253 Colonies on PDA are rapidly growing, covered the entire 9 cm plate in four days at 28–30 0 C, white, turned brownish with sporulation and aging, reverse white, filamentous, margin filiform, appearance hairy or cottony, mycelia raised (Figure 1a, b, 2d, e, 3a, b, 4a, b.). Sporangiophore 1–2.5 mm (x̄=1.8) in length and 8–14 μm (x̄=9) in width, branched, aseptate, stout with dichotomous or trichotomous branching (Figure 4c.), smooth-walled and ribbon-like, rhizoids present at the base. Sporangia 160–240 μm (x̄=212) diam., globose, black (Figure 1c, 2f, 3c.). Notes: The Rhizopus isolate from Arachis hypogea kernel (MZ314418) and the seed coat (MZ323688) showed 99% percentage similarity to Rhizopus oryzae accessions MH865580 (identity: 582/584, gaps: 2/584) and KJ417528 (identity: 630/635, gaps: 3/635) respectively. The isolate (MZ277274) from Oryza sativa showed 97.90% similarity to KJ417528 (identity: 605/618, gaps: 2/618). This isolate (MZ277277) from Vigna radiata shared a similarity index of 97.93% to Rhizopus oryzae reference sequence MH857485 (identity: 569/581, gaps: 1/581).

Talaromyces oumae-annae Visagie, N. Yilmaz, Seifert & Samson, in Visagie, Hirooka, Tanney, Whitfield, Mwange, Meijer, Amend, Seifert & Samson, Stud. Mycol. 78: 130 (2014) Index Fungorum registration number: 809187 Colonies on PDA covered half the 9 cm plate in 2 weeks at 28���30 0 C, rapidly growing, greenish grey with a white margin, reverse pale orange with a white margin, circular, margin entire, appearance smooth, velvety, flat, slightly raised at the center, white exudate at the center, dense sporulation (Figure 1e.). Conidiophore 85���240 ��m (x��=183) in length and 2.5���3.5 ��m (x��=3.2) in width, hyaline, septate, simple branching phialides flask-shaped, Conidia 3���3.5 ��m (x��=3.3), round or ellipsoidal, single-celled. Notes: The isolate MZ 277272 from this study was similar to Talaromyces oumae- annae of accession number HQ829146 (identity: 548/556, gaps: 4/556). Determination of the quality of seeds The seed coat of most Arachis hypogea seeds was covered with black powdery mass (Figure 6a). Discolorations were observed in few seeds of Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis (Figure 6c, d). Most of the seeds of Oryza sativa had tiny holes or cracks in them (Figure 6b). According to the observations made, certain varieties contained some abnormal seedlings. The seedlings of Arachis hypogea were normal whereas Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis had 30% and 10% of the abnormal seedlings with a distinctly short shoot, root and cut-off hypocotyl restricting further growth (Figure 7.). The germination percentage of Arachis hypogea was 20%. No germination was recorded from the seeds of Oryza sativa. Hence, the germination percentage and vigor index could not be calculated. The germination percentage of both Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis was 100. The seedlings of Arachis hypogea, Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis showed a vigor index of 585, 2155.5, and 2909, respectively. Seed germination percentages and the vigor indices are summarized in Table 2., Published as part of Ganeshalingam, Archchana & Daranagama, Dinushani A., 2022, First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka, pp. 267-281 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on pages 276-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5886364