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In this investigation, we focused on the synthesis and characterization of CsCaF3 compound doped with europium (Eu3+) ions using a solid-state route. To analyze the crystal structure of the synthesized phosphors, X-ray diffraction analysis was employed. Additionally, the doped sample underwent examination of surface morphology and elemental composition through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDAX mapping. The color of the pure and doped CsCaF3 sample was quantified and fitted using Color coordinate graph by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE). The red emission on the doped CsCaF3 compound was detected at 465 nm, which is the transition from 5D0 to 7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, and 3). The 0.5 mol. % Eu3+ doped CsCaF3 sample was found to have a color purity of 81% and an associated color temperature of 1660 K, indicating its suitability for aesthetic lighting applications. Furthermore, thermoluminescence study, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and effective atomic number (Zeff) calculations were conducted to provide valuable information for potential radiation dosimetry applications.

The diverse range of uses of unmanned aerial vehicles has garnered significant attention in research. The scientific literature that supports the data obtained from UAVs recording information from various sensors is presented in this manuscript. It summarizes current developments in remote sensing, including radar, photogrammetry, thermal imaging, light detection and ranging sensors (LiDAR), data gathering, and analysis. It is predicated on the instruments’ ability to gather and analyze accurate data. To identify some of the most urgent research problems, it also shows surveys based on research methodologies. The present research focuses on the proliferation and social effects of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It also encourages novice researchers to pursue this area of study and suggest novel approaches to the design or setup of these flying machines. UAVs have entirely transformed due to advancements in internet technology and current technologies which include camera defects, environmental monitoring, charging, impediments, crop monitoring, energy consumption, military applications, and technology gaps.

Green-synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles (NPs), along with their composites, exhibit various biological activities. Ocimum sanctum (Holy basil), traditionally used as medicine in South Asia, treats respiratory disorders, digestive issues, skin diseases and inflammatory conditions. Modern scientific studies support these bioactivities; however, no studies have investigated their bioactivity in combination with NPs. In this study, silver and copper NPs were synthesized using AgNO3 and CuSO4·5H2O solutions, respectively, with Ocimum sanctum leaf extract, and their antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties were examined. Spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), elucidated the physicochemical characteristics of the green-synthesized nanoparticles (Os-AgNPs and Os-CuNPs), revealing sizes of 11.7 and 13.1 nm, respectively. The Os-AgNPs:Os-CuNPs nano-composite with a 1:2 ratio exhibited a zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 12 mm against tested bacterial pathogens. Additionally, the NPs and their composites demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, with notable 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity observed in composites with ratios of 2:1 and 1:2. Furthermore, they displayed potential anticancer activity against human leukaemia (Jurkat) cancer cells. Although no distinct difference in anticancer property was observed among the NPs and their composites, our study highlights their well-defined nanostructure and significant biological activity, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical industry.

In this study, we synthesized and characterized pure CsCaF3 and CsCaF3 doped with samarium (Sm3+) ions using a solid-state method. X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to examine the crystal structure, while field emission scanning electron microscopy analyzed the surface morphology of the doped sample. A color coordinate graph was used to calculate the color, with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) fitting the color of both pure and doped samples. Upon excitation at 405 nm (6H5/2→6F7/2 transition), the doped CsCaF3 emitted an orange light. The CsCaF3:Sm3+ sample (0.8 mol%) displayed 86% color purity and a color temperature of 2191 K, making it suitable for lighting applications. The thermoluminescence (TL) curve of the beta-irradiated CsCaF3:Sm3+ (0.8 mol%) sample showed peaks at 174 °C and 297 °C. Preheating techniques eliminated the low-temperature peak, and the peak temperature of maximal TL intensity (Tm) was 297 °C. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (s) were determined using the peak shape method and varying heating rates. The dosage response of CsCaF3:Sm3+ (0.8 mol%) was examined for potential dosimetry applications.

Abstract Over the past few years, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly popular as a result of the demand for AI systems that are simpler to comprehend and with greater interpretability. This study provides a conceptual framework and a quick assessment of the work done in explainable artificial intelligence. Using the Vosviewer application, the researchers analyzed 4781 research publications from the Scopus database, spanning 2004 to 2023. Observations indicate a rapid and exponential growth in the quantity of publications, commencing in 2018. The importance of the study is shown by the analysis of publishing activities according to the year of publication and the geographical area, together with citation analysis, research methodologies, and data analysis techniques. The researchers have highlighted ten interesting areas that require further study from future researchers. Moreover, the work emphasizes the legal, ethical, and social consequences for the researchers.

To enhance the photoluminescence property of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), Eu was doped using a solid-state synthesis technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis were used to examine the crystal structure of the synthesized phosphors. The optical band gap values of pristine and Eu3+ doped LLZO phosphor investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were measured to be 2.74 and 2.97 eV, respectively. The wavelengths of pure and doped LLZO samples were measured and fitted by the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromatic coordinate graph. These samples were found to emit blue emission at 354 nm (pure LLZO) and red emission at 464 nm (doped phosphor), which correspond to the 5D0 to 7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, and 3) transition. The purity of the color and correlated color temperature with respect to the 0.9 M.W% Eu3+ doped (activated) LLZO sample were estimated to be 80% and 1719K, respectively. The indication of its maximum emissive capability at this rate was found suitable for aesthetic lighting applications.

Background: Self-care practices plays an important role in reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with hypertensive complications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess poor self-care practices on hypertension and its predictors among patients attending the non-communicable disease clinics in urban and rural primary healthcare settings in Puducherry, South India. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among people with hypertension aged ≥18 years from September to December 2023. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. The data on self-care practices were captured using the “Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE)” questionnaire. The subscales were medication adherence, low-salt diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and weight management. Participants who adhered 60 years of age and 182 (68.2 %) were females. About 79 (29.6 %) had poor self-care practices. Among 267, 63 (23.6 %) had uncontrolled hypertension and it was more among those with poor self-care practices (46.1 % Vs 24.5 %). After adjusting for co-variates, urban residents (APR: 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.1–2.4, p = 0.004) and uncontrolled hypertension status (APR: 1.8, 95 % CI: 1.1–2.4, p

Metal nanoparticles have a lot of interesting characteristics, and the field of medicinal applications may benefit significantly from them. In this investigation, gold-platinum (Au-Pt) bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized employing leaf extract from Croton Caudatus Geisel. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination and powder X-ray diffraction, the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be between 12 and 33 nm. Using Debye Scherrer equation, particle size of the synthesized nanoparticle is determined and also consistent with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The materials tend to be rectangular-shaped. This is a single-step, green protocol that does not employ any capping or reducing agents. The bio-active compounds in leaf extract act as reducing/capping/stabilizing agents and also fabricated with surface of the nanoparticles. Since green synthesis is an easy, stable, quick, low-cost, and environmentally friendly process, it opens up new possibilities for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Bimetallic nanoparticle synthesis generally involves mixing two different aqueous metal solutions with a natural reducing agent, like a plant extract. It has been proposed that plant phytochemicals with reducing or antioxidant properties reduce metal ions into metal nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy were all utilized to completely characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. It has been found that biological studies exploring in vitro antibacterial, in vitro antifungal, and anti-cancerous activity showed significant implications. In accordance with study results, the synthesized nanomaterials had a strong cytotoxic effect on HeLa cancer cell lines, with an MTT assay IC50 value of 37.17 μg/ml/24 h.

A commercial donkey farm at Tirunelveli with 323 pregnant donkeys was facing an abortion storm affecting 53 (16.4%) pregnant jennies in the last trimester, which were presented to LAC-OP-OG unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia (39.4℃) and congested conjunctival mucous membrane. Gynaecological examination revealed oedematous vulva with serosanguinous vaginal discharge. Ultrasonography examination revealed the presence of corpus luteum, medium-sized follicles, thickened uterine endometrium and fluid accumulation at the tip of both uterine horns. Serum progesterone and cortisol levels were 5.35±0.28 ng/mL and 6.14±0.13 ng/mL, respectively. Microbiological examination of foetal fluids revealed gram-negative bacilli which was confirmed as Salmonella spp. Histopathology of aborted foetal parts revealed cellular degenerative changes. All jennies were treated with antibiotics, and antihistamines along with intrauterine douching for five consecutive days. Other pregnant jennies in the farm were isolated and prophylactic antibiotics and immune booster supplements were administered. Thus, this study documented unconventional infectious agent such as Salmonellosis emerging as a leading cause of abortion storm and reproductive loss in donkey farming in Tamil Nadu.

Abstract Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources to meet human wants and needs and has a critical role to play in addressing challenges related to environmental sustainability, community resilience, and food security. In the context of aquaculture, the key to such a discussion is understanding the linkages of aquaculture farming businesses with other economic sectors and how policy decisions that affect aquaculture result in economic ripples throughout local, regional, and national economies. The only previous national estimates of the economic contributions of U.S. aquaculture are nearly 30 years old. The current study was based on comprehensive data from detailed farm‐level surveys (that captured 77% of the total value of U.S. aquaculture) supplemented by information from publications on the remaining aquaculture sectors. The economic contributions measured in this study were limited to those at the farm level and do not include subsequent impacts that occur as farmed products move through processing, distribution, food service, and retail sectors in the U.S. economy. Results showed that U.S. aquaculture farms contributed $4 billion annually and supported more than 22,000 jobs each year. Labor income and value‐added contributions were $1 billion and $3 billion, respectively. Analysis of the linkages of U.S. aquaculture production activities with other economic sectors showed that nearly all (96%) economic sectors were supported to some degree by U.S. aquaculture farms. Foodfish farms generated the greatest contributions, followed by mollusk farms. Freshwater aquaculture farms contributed twice that of the contributions of marine aquaculture because of the greater size of the freshwater aquaculture sector. Growth of both freshwater and marine sectors would increase overall contributions to the economy. Constraints to growth of aquaculture include regulatory barriers that have restricted existing sectors from meeting current demand for their products. The lack of an adequate regulatory framework for offshore marine aquaculture has constrained its growth and development, especially with respect to the rest of the world. Streamlined regulations implemented in a more timely and efficient manner could result in substantially greater economic contributions from existing U.S. aquaculture farms. The total economic impact of U.S. aquaculture production is likely three to four times greater than the farm‐level impacts estimated in this study as a result of impacts that occur as aquaculture products move downstream through various marketing channels. Additional research is needed to measure the impacts of U.S. aquaculture products in the processing, distribution, food service, supermarket, and restaurant levels of the marketing chain to fully capture the total economic contributions from U.S. aquaculture.

ABSTRACTTyphoid fever is a significant public health concern with most of the sufferers between 15 and 25 y of age in Nepal. We undertook this study to demonstrate Vi polysaccharide conjugated with diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) conjugate vaccine which is non-inferior to Typbar typhoid conjugate vaccine, a Vi polysaccharide vaccine conjugated with tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) with a focus on the adult population from Dhulikhel Hospital which was one of the total four sites in Nepal. In this study, we assigned the eligible participants in 1:1:1:1 ratio by block randomization, and stratified into three age groups (6 months to less than 2 y, 2 y to less than 18 y, and 18 y to 45 y), allotted to Group A, B, C, and D. Group A, B, and C received 25 μg (0.5 mL) of Vi-DT study vaccine and participants in Group D received 25 μg (0.5 mL) Vi-TT vaccine. We descriptively analyzed safety in all the participants receiving one dose of the investigational vaccine. The anti-Vi-IgG seroconversion rate in Vi-DT recipients was 99.71% (97.5% CI 98.04–99.96; 344 of 345 participants) and 99.13% (94.27–99.87; 114 of 115) in Vi-TT recipients which indicates that Vi-DT vaccine is non-inferior to Vi-TT vaccine. In safety aspect, 16.81% of total subject had at least one solicited adverse reaction and 22.61% of the Vi-TT participants experienced at least one solicited adverse reaction with most of them being local adverse reactions. None of the enrolled participants reported serious adverse events. Our study shows that a single dose of the Vi-DT vaccine is immunogenic, safe to administer and non-inferior to the Vi-TT vaccine four weeks after vaccination.

The impact of contaminants on Copepod sp. and its molecular response is least explored, despite their abundance and dominance among invertebrates in aquatic environments. In the present investigation, Dioithona rigida, a cyclopoid zooplankton, was treated with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to determine the associated biochemical changes, and the chronic exposure effects were recorded using transcriptomic analysis. It was found that, SeNPs were acutely toxic with a lethal dose 50% of 140.9 mg/L. The de novo assembled transcriptome of the copepod comprised 81,814 transcripts, which underwent subsequent annotations to biological processes (23,378), cellular components (21,414), and molecular functions (31,015). Comparison of the expressed transcripts against the treated sample showed that a total of 186 transcript genes were differentially expressed among the D. rigida treatments (control and SeNPs). The significant downregulated genes are coding for DNA repair, DNA-templated DNA replication, DNA integration, oxidoreductase activity and transmembrane transport. Similarly, significant upregulations were observed in protein phosphatase binding and regulation of membrane repolarization. Understanding the impact of SeNPs on copepods is crucial not only for aquatic ecosystem health but also for human health, as these organisms play a key role in marine food webs, ultimately affecting the fish consumed by humans. By elucidating the molecular responses and potential toxicological effects of SeNPs, this study provides key insights for risk assessments and regulatory policies, ensuring the safety of seafood and protecting human health from the unintended consequences of nanoparticle pollution.

This study investigates the characteristics of an unsteady, incompressible, and electrically conductive flow. The flow consists of H2O based nanofluid that contains suspended sphere-shaped Cu nanoparticles. The flow occurs across an oscillating and porous vertical plate. Simultaneous non-dimensional governing partial differential equations are solved by pdepe solver in MATLAB 22a, accounting for thermophysical properties and relevant parameters. We analyzed the behavior of the Cu -H2O nanofluid in relation to various fundamental parameters, including thermal buoyancy force, kinetic energy, thermal conductivity, volume fraction of nanoparticles, and time. Additionally, we determined the rate of local heat transfer and skin friction of the Cu-water nanofluid, presenting the results in tabular form. Our findings were compared with previously reported results to validate the accuracy and reliability of the pdepe solver. The pdepe solver in MATLAB is a straightforward and convenient tool for simulating and visualizing models, It is an alternative method for solving IBVP of parabolic & hyperbolic.