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The responses children make during read-alouds bridge meaning from stories. Educators must grasp the value of children's responses and reactions to literature. Children's discourse is central to the reading process; thus, children must be allowed to participate in this learning process. Due to this, the read-aloud process in the classroom should focus on the quality of interactions for the sake of literacy growth and development. Engaging learners in read-alouds permits them to communicate with the teacher and peers, fosters space for ideas to be valued, and results in a community of learning.

Abstract Millions of United States (U.S.) troops deployed to the Middle East and Southwest Asia were exposed to toxic airborne hazards and/or open-air burn pits. Burn pit emissions contain particulate matter combined with toxic gasses and heavy metals. Ongoing research has demonstrated that exposures to the airborne hazards from military burn pits have profound and lasting health and wellness consequences. Research on the long-term health consequences of exposure to open burn pits has been limited. Work continues to understand the scope of the health impacts and the underlying pathobiology following exposures and to establish care standards. The U.S. Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act was signed into law August 2022. This act expands the benefits and services to U.S. Veterans exposed to toxicants, requires the Veterans Health Administration to provide toxic exposure screening, and supports increased research, education, and treatment due to toxic occupational exposures. This review highlights the state of the science related to military burn pit exposures research with an emphasis on pulmonary health. Clinical data demonstrate areas of reduced or delayed pulmonary ventilation and lung pathologies such as small airways scarring, diffuse collagen deposition and focal areas of ossification. Identification and characterization of foreign matter deposition in lung tissues are reported, including particulate matter, silica, titanium oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These data are consistent with toxic exposures and with the symptoms reported by post-deployment Veterans despite near-normal non-invasive pulmonary evaluations. On-going work toward new methods for non-invasive pulmonary diagnoses and disease monitoring are described. We propose various studies and databases as resources for clinical and health outcomes research. Pre-clinical research using different burn pit modeling approaches are summarized, including oropharyngeal aspiration, intranasal inhalation, and whole-body exposure chamber inhalation. These studies focus on the impacts of specific toxic substances as well as the effects of short-term and sustained insults over time on the pulmonary systems.

The configuration of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the Penultimate Glacial Maximum differed to the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the reasons for this are not yet fully understood. These differences likely contributed to the varied deglaciation pathways experienced following the glacial maxima and may have had consequences for the interglacial sea level rise. To understand the differences between the North American Ice Sheet at the Last and Penultimate glacial maxima (21 and 140 ka), we perform two perturbed-physics ensembles of 62 simulations using a coupled atmosphere–ice sheet model, FAMOUS-ice, with prescribed surface ocean conditions, in which the North American and Greenland ice sheets are dynamically simulated with the Glimmer ice sheet model. We apply an implausibility metric to find ensemble members that match reconstructed ice extent and volumes at the Last and Penultimate glacial maxima. We use a resulting set of “plausible” parameters to perform sensitivity experiments to decompose the role of climate forcings (orbit, greenhouse gases) and initial conditions on the final ice sheet configurations. This confirms that the initial ice sheet conditions used in the model are extremely important in determining the difference in final ice volumes between both periods due to the large effect of the ice–albedo feedback. In contrast to evidence of a smaller Penultimate North American Ice Sheet, our results show that the climate boundary conditions at these glacial maxima, if considered in isolation, imply a larger Penultimate Glacial Maximum North American Ice Sheet than at the Last Glacial Maximum by around 6 m sea level equivalent. This supports the notion that the growth of the ice sheet prior to the glacial maxima is key in explaining the differences in North American ice volume.

^{180m}Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known β and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower-energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter, and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the Majorana Demonstrator, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of ^{76}Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of ^{180m}Ta. More than 17 kg, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search, was installed within the ultralow-background detector array. In this Letter, we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the ^{180m}Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5×10^{19}  yr, we improved existing limits by 1-2 orders of magnitude which are the most sensitive searches for a single β and electron capture decay ever achieved. Over all channels, the decay can be excluded for T_{1/2}

Abstract Background As cows transition from pregnancy to lactation, free fatty acids (FFA) are mobilized from adipose tissues (AT) through lipolysis to counter energy deficits. In clinically healthy cows, lipolysis intensity is reduced throughout lactation; however, if FFA release exceeds tissue demands or the liver’s metabolic capacity, lipid byproducts accumulate, increasing cows’ risk of metabolic and infectious disease. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and their congeners, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), are lipid-based compounds that modulate metabolism and inflammation. Their synthesis and release depend upon the availability of FFA precursors and the abundance of synthesizing and degrading enzymes and transporters. Therefore, we hypothesized that eCB production and transcription of endocannabinoid system components are modulated by lipolysis pathways in adipocytes. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated canonical (isoproterenol, 1 µmol/L; ISO) and inflammatory (lipopolysaccharide, 1 µg/mL; LPS) lipolysis pathways in adipocytes isolated from the AT of 5 Holstein dairy cows. Following, we assessed lipolysis intensity, adipocytes’ release of eCBs, and transcription of endocannabinoid system components. Results We found that ISO and LPS stimulated lipolysis at comparable intensities. Exposure to either treatment tended to elevate the release of eCBs and NAEs by cultured adipocytes; however, specific eCBs and NAEs and the transcriptional profiles differed by treatment. On one hand, ISO enhanced adipocytes’ release of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) but reduced NAE production. Notably, ISO enhanced the cells’ expression of enzymes associated with 2-AG biosynthesis (INPP5F, GDPD5, GPAT4), transport (CD36), and adipogenesis (PPARG). Conversely, LPS enhanced adipocytes’ synthesis and release of N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA). This change coincided with enhanced transcription of the NAE-biosynthesizing enzyme, PTPN22, and adipocytes’ transcription of genes related to eCB degradation (PTGS2, MGLL, CYP27B1). Furthermore, LPS enhanced adipocytes’ transcription of eCB and NAE transporters (HSPA1A, SCP2) and the expression of the anti-adipogenic ion channel, TRPV3. Conclusions Our data provide evidence for distinct modulatory roles of canonical and inflammatory lipolysis pathways over eCB release and transcriptional regulation of biosynthesis, degradation, transport, and ECS signaling in cows’ adipocytes. Based on our findings, we conclude that, within adipocytes, eCB production and ECS component expression are, at least in part, mediated by lipolysis in a pathway-dependent manner. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation in dairy cows’ AT, with potential implications for prevention and treatment of inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Graphical Abstract

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was characterised by huge ice sheets covering the Northern Hemisphere, especially over North America, and by its cold climate. Previous authors have performed numerical simulations of the LGM to better understand coupled climate–ice sheet systems. However, the results of such simulations are sensitive to many model parameters. Here, we perform a 200-member ensemble of simulations of the North American and Greenland ice sheets and climate of the LGM with a coupled ice sheet–atmosphere–slab ocean model (FAMOUS-BISICLES) to explore sensitivities of the coupled climate–ice system to 16 uncertain parameters. In the ensemble of simulations, the global mean surface temperature is primarily controlled by the combination of parameters in the large-scale condensation scheme and the cumulus convection scheme. In simulations with plausible LGM global mean surface temperatures, we find that the albedo parameters have only a small impact on the Greenland ice volume due to the limited area of surface ablation associated with the cold climate. Instead, the basal sliding law controls the ice volume by affecting ice transport from the interior to the margin. On the other hand, like the Greenland ice sheet in future climate change, the LGM North American ice sheet volume is controlled by parameters in the snow and ice albedo scheme. Few of our simulations produce an extensive North American ice sheet when the global temperature is above 12 °C. Based on constraints on the LGM global mean surface temperature, the ice volume and the southern extent of the North American ice sheet, we select 16 acceptable simulations. These simulations lack the southern extent of ice compared to reconstructions, but they show reasonable performance on the ice sheet configuration and ice streams facing Baffin Bay and the Arctic Ocean. The strong sensitivities of the North American ice sheet to albedo at the LGM may imply a potential constraint on the future Greenland ice sheet by constraining the albedo schemes.

ABSTRACT: The early period of mammary gland involution is a critical juncture in the lactation cycle that can have significant effects on milk production and mammary gland health. Pegbovigrastim (PEG) administered 1 wk prior and on the day of parturition can enhance immune function and reduce the incidence of mastitis in the early postpartum period. Oxylipids are potent metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and are important mediators of inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of PEG given 1 wk before and at the day of dry-off (D0) on concentrations of oxylipids in plasma and milk from 7 d before D0 to 14 d after, as well as the effects during the first 14 d of the subsequent lactation. We hypothesized that both pro- and anti-inflammatory oxylipids would vary based on initiation of mammary gland involution and that pegbovigrastim would affect oxylipid concentrations, particularly those related to leukocytes. A complete randomized blocked design was used to enroll cows into either a PEG treatment group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10; CON). Blood samples were collected −7, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 d relative to dry-off and 5, 10, and 14 d postcalving. Samples were analyzed for PUFA and oxylipids in milk and plasma by ultra-performance mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively. Overall, 30 lipid mediators were measured in both milk and plasma. Repeated measures analyses revealed a significant interaction of treatment by time for milk 8-iso-keto-15-prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, plasma 8,12-iso-prostaglandin Fα-VI, 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyheptadecatienoic acid. The majority of milk PUFA and oxylipids differed significantly during early mammary gland involution and into the early postpartum period. This study demonstrated changes in oxylipids in milk secretions and plasma during early involution, and further investigation may illuminate multiple complex processes and reveal targets for optimization of mammary gland involution.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and stenosis have a complex pathogenesis, and no therapies are available that can halt or slow their progression. Several studies have shown the presence of apolipoprotein-related amyloid deposits in close proximity to calcified areas in diseased aortic valves. In this Perspective, we explore a possible relationship between amyloid deposits, calcification and the development of aortic valve stenosis. These amyloid deposits might contribute to the amplification of the inflammatory cycle in the aortic valve, including extracellular matrix remodelling and myofibroblast and osteoblast-like cell proliferation. Further investigation in this area is needed to characterize the amyloid deposits associated with CAVD, which could allow the use of antisense oligonucleotides and/or isotype gene therapies for the prevention and/or treatment of CAVD.

INTRODUCTION: The inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D (INPP5D) gene encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase that can dephosphorylate both phospholipids and phosphoproteins. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in INPP5D impact risk for developing late onset sporadic Alzheimers disease (LOAD). METHODS: To assess the consequences of inducible Inpp5d knockdown in microglia of APPKM670/671NL /PSEN1Δexon9 (PSAPP) mice, we injected 3-month-old Inpp5dfl/fl /Cx3cr1CreER/+ and PSAPP/Inpp5dfl/fl /Cx3cr1CreER/+ mice with either tamoxifen (TAM) or corn oil (CO) to induce recombination. RESULTS: At age 6 months, we found that the percent area of 6E10+ deposits and plaque-associated microglia in Inpp5d knockdown mice were increased compared to controls. Spatial transcriptomics identified a plaque-specific expression profile that was extensively altered by Inpp5d knockdown. DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that conditional Inpp5d downregulation in the PSAPP mouse increases plaque burden and recruitment of microglia to plaques. Spatial transcriptomics highlighted an extended gene expression signature associated with plaques and identified CST7 (cystatin F) as a novel marker of plaques. HIGHLIGHTS: Inpp5d knockdown increases plaque burden and plaque-associated microglia number. Spatial transcriptomics identifies an expanded plaque-specific gene expression profile. Plaque-induced gene expression is altered by Inpp5d knockdown in microglia. Our plaque-associated gene signature overlaps with human Alzheimers disease gene networks.

Abstract Objective Mental health complaints are prevalent among people with epilepsy, yet there are major barriers that prevent access to psychological care, including high out‐of‐pocket costs and a lack of accessible specialized services. The purpose of the current study is to examine the comparative efficacy, acceptability, cost‐effectiveness, and long‐term outcomes of a digital psychological intervention when delivered under two models of care (i.e., guided vs. unguided) in supporting the mental health and functioning of adults with epilepsy. Method Approximately 375 participants across Australia will be enrolled. Eligible participants will have a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy, experience difficulties with their emotional health, be at least 18 years of age, and live in Australia. Participants will be randomized (2:2:1) to receive the Wellbeing Neuro Course, a 10‐week internet‐delivered program, with (i.e., guided) or without guidance by a mental health clinician (i.e., unguided), or be allocated to a treatment‐as‐usual waiting‐list control group. Participants will complete online questionnaires at pre‐, post‐treatment, and 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up and consent to have their data linked to their medical records to capture healthcare system resource use and costs. Analysis Primary outcome measures will be symptoms of depression and anxiety. A cost‐utility analysis will be undertaken using the Australian healthcare system perspective and according to current economic evaluation guidelines. Resource use and costs to the healthcare system during the study period will be captured via data linkage to relevant administrative datasets in Australia. Significance The results of this trial will provide important data concerning the relative outcomes of these different models of care and will inform the integration of digital psychological interventions translation into healthcare services. Ethics and Dissemination The Human Research Ethics Committee of Macquarie University approved the proposed study (Reference No: 520231325151475). The results will be disseminated through peer‐reviewed publication(s). ANZCTR Trial Registration Number ACTRN12623001327673. Plain Language Summary This study seeks to find out if a 10‐week online psychological treatment can improve the mental health and well‐being of Australian adults with epilepsy. Around 375 participants will be randomly assigned to different groups: one will receive treatment with guidance from mental health clinician (guided group), one without guidance (unguided group), and one starting later (waiting control group). All participants will fill out the same outcome measures online. The main goal of this research is to compare these groups and assess how well the treatment works in improving mental health outcomes.

BackgroundPast research reports a positive relationship between experience with classic serotonergic psychedelics and nature relatedness (NR). However, these studies typically do not distinguish between different psychedelic compounds, which have a unique psychopharmacology and may be used in specific contexts and with different intentions. Likewise, it is not clear whether these findings can be attributed to substance use per se or unrelated variables that differentiate psychedelic users from nonusers.AimsThe present study was designed to determine the relative degree to which lifetime experience with different psychedelic substances is predictive of self-reported NR among psychedelic-experienced users.MethodsWe conducted a combined reanalysis of five independent datasets (N = 3817). Using standard and regularized regression analyses, we tested the relationship between degree of experience with various psychedelic substances (binary and continuous) and NR, both within a subsample of psychedelic-experienced participants as well as the complete sample including psychedelic-naïve participants.Results/outcomesAmong people experienced with psychedelics, only past use of psilocybin (versus LSD, mescaline, Salvia divinorum, ketamine, and ibogaine) was a reliable predictor of NR and its subdimensions. Weaker, less reliable results were obtained for the pharmacologically similar N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Results replicate when including psychedelic-naïve participants. In addition, among people exclusively experience with psilocybin, use frequency positively predicted NR.Conclusions/interpretationResults suggest that experience with psilocybin is the only reliable (and strongest) predictor of NR. Future research should focus on psilocybin when investigating effects of psychedelic on NR and determine whether pharmacological attributes or differences in user expectations/use settings are responsible for this observation.

Abstract Live oyster reefs are considered a critical recruitment habitat for estuarine faunal populations as localized in situ or mesocosm studies have demonstrated many faunal species prefer live oyster habitat. It has therefore been assumed that the loss of live oyster habitat would precipitate faunal population declines, but this has been largely untested at large (estuary) scales. Here, we assessed how estuary‐wide faunal populations were affected by a 95% loss of live oyster habitat following the 2012 oyster collapse of Apalachicola Bay, FL, which previously supported one of the largest oyster fisheries in the United States. We standardized long‐term fisheries‐independent monitoring seine and trawl data to create relative indices of resident, associated, and transient faunal species' overall abundance and recruit abundance (restrictive to sizes between 15% and 35% of L∞). We expected that both relative abundance indices would decrease following the oyster collapse, particularly among species that reside on or recruit to oyster reefs. However, analyses via a series of one‐sided Bayesian t tests did not indicate that faunal recruitment or overall abundance significantly declined in 2012 post‐collapse. As the response of the faunal population could be lagged relative to the 2012 collapse, we also conducted change point analyses to search for lagged declines. Of the 24 relative abundance time series, only two had significant change points post‐collapse, and only black sea bass overall relative abundance declined with an associated change point at the end of the time series. The surprising paucity of faunal decline following oyster loss may be due to the use of alternative habitat types, exceptionally lagged faunal responses, or, perhaps most compelling, a disconnect between preferred and required habitats. Our failure to detect faunal consequences following an oyster population collapse suggests that assumptions of habitat loss (or restoration) effects on estuarine fauna at ecosystem scales are not straightforward and the extrapolation of sub‐estuary‐scale studies may result in poor predictions of future outcomes.

Cyclotella menegheniana is a diatom microalga often found in both marine and freshwater environments, characterized by a high-quality nutritional profile, including fatty acids, protein, and carotenoids, it is also a promising bioresource for improving food and animal feed nutrition. In this study, two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the utility of including C. menegheniana in the diet was evaluated for its impact on the reproductive efficiency, hematobiochemical biomarkers, and oxidative enzymes of broodstock Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fish fed diet T2 (with 10 g kg−1 C. menegheniana supplementation) recorded the highest (P ≤ 0.05) gonadosomatic index (GSI) for female tilapia, whereas fish fed diet T3 (with 15 g kg−1 C. menegheniana supplementation) recorded significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) values of egg diameter, egg volume, sperm motility, and sperm concentration compared to the remaining dietary treatments. In addition of 15 g kg−1 C. menegheniana significantly improved hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Htc) values of male and female broodstock. The content of triglyceride decreased in the blood of the broodstock fed diets supplemented with C. menegheniana. The lowest level of ALT and AST for male was observed in T3 group, while the highest one (P < 0.05) was in the control group. Complements component (C3), (C4) and IgM were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish fed diet T2 and T3 compared with other treatments. The final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fries (F1 generation–II experiment) produced by fish received 15 g C. menegheniana significantly increased (P < 0.05), while fish received either 10 or 15 g C. menegheniana significantly improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. In addition, fish received diets enriched with C. menegheniana significantly improved fry survival rate. In conclusion, the use of C. menegheniana as a feed additive stimulates the immune system and improves the blood and reproductive parameters of Nile tilapia broodstock, and it has a positive influence on the growth and feed conversion of Nile tilapia offspring

IntroductionDual specificity protein phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) was recently identified as a key hub gene in a causal VGF gene network that regulates late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Importantly, decreased DUSP6 levels are correlated with an increased clinical dementia rating (CDR) in human subjects, and DUSP6 levels are additionally decreased in the 5xFAD amyloidopathy mouse model.MethodsTo investigate the role of DUSP6 in AD, we stereotactically injected AAV5-DUSP6 or AAV5-GFP (control) into the dorsal hippocampus (dHc) of both female and male 5xFAD or wild type mice, to induce overexpression of DUSP6 or GFP.ResultsBarnes maze testing indicated that DUSP6 overexpression in the dHc of 5xFAD mice improved memory deficits and was associated with reduced amyloid plaque load, Aß1–40 and Aß1–42 levels, and amyloid precursor protein processing enzyme BACE1, in male but not in female mice. Microglial activation, which was increased in 5xFAD mice, was significantly reduced by dHc DUSP6 overexpression in both males and females, as was the number of “microglial clusters,” which correlated with reduced amyloid plaque size. Transcriptomic profiling of female 5xFAD hippocampus revealed upregulation of inflammatory and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, while dHc DUSP6 overexpression in female 5xFAD mice downregulated a subset of genes in these pathways. Gene ontology analysis of DEGs (p < 0.05) identified a greater number of synaptic pathways that were regulated by DUSP6 overexpression in male compared to female 5xFAD.DiscussionIn summary, DUSP6 overexpression in dHc reduced amyloid deposition and memory deficits in male but not female 5xFAD mice, whereas reduced neuroinflammation and microglial activation were observed in both males and females, suggesting that DUSP6-induced reduction of microglial activation did not contribute to sex-dependent improvement in memory deficits. The sex-dependent regulation of synaptic pathways by DUSP6 overexpression, however, correlated with the improvement of spatial memory deficits in male but not female 5xFAD.

IntroductionOur objective was to explore the effect of the reduction of saturated fat (SAF) intake on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health-related outcomes in adults.MethodsWe conducted an umbrella review, searching Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases for systematic reviews from December 1, 2012, to December 1, 2022. We have included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. We extracted effect sizes (95%CI), heterogeneity (I2), and evidence quality rating based on the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes.Results21 meta-analyses were included (three were from RCTs, and 18 were from cohort studies). Among meta-analyses of RCTs, 15 of the 45 associations were significant. The effect of reduction in SAF intake on combined cardiovascular events (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66–0.93) was graded as having moderate certainty of evidence. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer deaths, and other cardiovascular events. Among meta-analyses of cohort studies, five of the 19 associations were significant. There was an increase in coronary heart disease mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21) and breast cancer mortality (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09–2.09) in participants with higher SFA intake compared to reduced SFA. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and other cardiovascular events.ConclusionThis umbrella review found the reduction in SAF intake probably reduces cardiovascular events and other health outcomes. However, it has little or no effect on cardiovascular mortality and mortality from other causes. More high-quality clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed.Systematic review registration: CRD42022380859.

RationaleA general feeling of disconnection has been associated with mental and emotional suffering. Improvements to a sense of connectedness to self, others and the wider world have been reported by participants in clinical trials of psychedelic therapy. Such accounts have led us to a definition of the psychological construct of 'connectedness' as 'a state of feeling connected to self, others and the wider world'. Existing tools for measuring connectedness have focused on particular aspects of connectedness, such as 'social connectedness' or 'nature connectedness', which we hypothesise to be different expressions of a common factor of connectedness. Here, we sought to develop a new scale to measure connectedness as a construct with these multiple domains. We hypothesised that (1) our scale would measure three separable subscale factors pertaining to a felt connection to 'self', 'others' and 'world' and (2) improvements in total and subscale WCS scores would correlate with improved mental health outcomes post psychedelic use.ObjectivesTo validate and test the 'Watts Connectedness Scale' (WCS).MethodsPsychometric validation of the WCS was carried out using data from three independent studies. Firstly, we pooled data from two prospective observational online survey studies. The WCS was completed before and after a planned psychedelic experience. The total sample of completers from the online surveys was N = 1226. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed, and construct and criterion validity were tested. A third dataset was derived from a double-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing psilocybin-assisted therapy (n = 27) with 6 weeks of daily escitalopram (n = 25) for major depressive disorder (MDD), where the WCS was completed at baseline and at a 6-week primary endpoint.ResultsAs hypothesised, factor analysis of all WCS items revealed three main factors with good internal consistency. WCS showed good construct validity. Significant post-psychedelic increases were observed for total connectedness scores (η2 = 0.339, p

Abstrak – Apakah Ketidakpastian Lingkungan Bisnis Berdampak pada Kualitas Laporan Keuangan? Tujuan Utama – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketidakpastian lingkungan bisnis berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan Metode – Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Generalized Least Square. Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan publik Indonesia dari tahun 2019 hingga 2020. Temuan Utama - Manajer cenderung memanipulasi akrual laba ketika menghadapi ketidakpastian lingkungan yang tinggi. Hal tersebut dapat menurunkan kualitas pelaporan keuangan perusahaan. Efek negatif ketidakpastian terhadap kualitas pelaporan keuangan cenderung lebih tinggi untuk perusahaan yang menghadapi lingkungan yang kompleks dan dinamis. Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan - Penelitian ini memberikan temuan empiris bahwa ketidakpastian lingkungan bisnis dapat mengurangi kualitas pelaporan keuangan. Selain itu, teori agensi menjadi semakin relevan dalam situasi bisnis yang tidak relevan. Kebaruan Penelitian - Penelitian ini telah mempertimbangkan aspek kompleksitas dan lingkungan yang dinamis pada variabel kontekstual kritis yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas pelaporan keuangan. Abstract - Does Business Environment Uncertainty Impact the Quality of Financial Reporting? Main Purpose - This study aims to test the uncertainty of the business environment affects the quality of financial statements. Method - The research method used is Generalised Least Square method. The sample of this study is Indonesian public companies from 2019 to 2020. Main Findings - Managers tend to manipulate earnings accruals when facing high environmental uncertainty. This can reduce the quality of the company's financial reporting. The negative effect of uncertainty on financial reporting quality tends to be higher for companies facing complex and dynamic environments. Theory and Practical Implications - This study provides empirical findings that business environment uncertainty can reduce financial reporting quality. In addition, agency theory becomes increasingly relevant in irrelevant business situations. Novelty - This study has considered aspects of complexity and dynamic environments on critical contextual variables that can affect financial reporting quality.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy associated with repetitive mild head impacts characterized by perivascular hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neurites in the depths of the neocortical sulci. In moderate to advanced CTE, NFTs accumulate in the hippocampus, potentially overlapping neuroanatomically with primary age-related tauopathy (PART), an age-related tauopathy characterized by Alzheimer disease-like tau pathology in the hippocampus devoid of amyloid plaques. We measured p-tau burden using positive-pixel counts on immunohistochemically stained and neuroanatomically segmented hippocampal tissue. Subjects with CTE had a higher total p-tau burden than PART subjects in all sectors (p = 0.005). Within groups, PART had significantly higher total p-tau burden in CA1/subiculum compared to CA3 (p = 0.02) and CA4 (p = 0.01) and total p-tau burden in CA2 trended higher than CA4 (p = 0.06). In CTE, total p-tau burden in CA1/subiculum was significantly higher than in the dentate gyrus; and CA2 also trended higher than dentate gyrus (p = 0.01, p = 0.06). When controlling for p-tau burden across the entire hippocampus, CA3 and CA4 had significantly higher p-tau burden in CTE than PART (p

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to offer guidelines and recommendations for launching and running sustainable programs involving partnerships between industries and universities. Teaching technical writing and communication to fire and emergency services personnel is a task that requires forethought and intricate planning. The Advanced Technical Writing Certificate provided jointly by the Center for Public Safety Excellence and George Mason University balances the unique workplace needs of fire service professionals while working to ensure a high level of transfer and information retention. Design/methodology/approach: This study will describe how the authors have developed and run a successful course series. The methods used to structure the courses are explained in detail, alongside the pedagogical theories that shaped information delivery. This paper offers a detailed guide to program development and implementation. Findings: Providing a uniquely collaborative online environment and designing each module with the purpose of knowledge transfer have created an effective method by which advanced principles can be taught to working professionals in a relatively short period of time. By collaborating with subject matter experts and focusing on the utility of the material, the authors were able to create a highly effective course that served the needs of first responders. Practical implications: Using the steps detailed in the article, programs like this could be replicated, allowing greater access to workplace learners of all kinds and a pathway to sustainable programs like these in universities. The research also details the importance of an adaptive course that continues to grow and improve. Originality/value: By modeling the course and making use of experts, students are capable of learning complex topics with ease in a short amount of time.