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Background: Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica L.) have been used for many therapeutic purposes and medicinal applications. The extract of this plant has been used in both male and female genders as a traditional agent to prevent early pregnancy. In this study, the effect of this extract was investigated histologically and morphometrically on the germinal epithelia of the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and secretory epithelia of rats' prostate glands. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups of five each and administered the extract at a concentration of zero, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of the body weight for 50 consecutive days. These rats were sacrificed and the male reproductive organs were removed, weighed and processed for routine histological examinations. The micrographs were analyzed and the structural changes in the epithelial lining and morphometric analyses were recorded, which included measuring the epithelial thickness in the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and secretory prostatic epithelia. Results: The extract was found to reduce the rats' weight; decreased both the weight and dimension of the testes; reduced the number of germinal epithelial lining cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, the epididymal and prostatic secretory epithelial cells. Conclusion: The histological alterations were most significant in response to the treatment with the extract at 200 mg/kg of the rats with the greatest damages observed in the epithelial lining. The deleterious effects of the extract were found to be dose-dependent and this corroborates the use of this extract as a contraceptive in animal models, and potentially in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica L.) have been used for many therapeutic purposes and medicinal applications. The extract of this plant has been used in both male and female genders as a traditional agent to prevent early pregnancy. In this study, the effect of this extract was investigated histologically and morphometrically on the germinal epithelia of the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and secretory epithelia of rats’ prostate glands. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups of five each and administered the extract at a concentration of zero, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of the body weight for 50 consecutive days. These rats were sacrificed and the male reproductive organs were removed, weighed and processed for routine histological examinations. The micrographs were analyzed and the structural changes in the epithelial lining and morphometric analyses were recorded, which included measuring the epithelial thickness in the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and secretory prostatic epithelia. Results: The extract was found to reduce the rats’ weight; decreased both the weight and dimension of the testes; reduced the number of germinal epithelial lining cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, the epididymal and prostatic secretory epithelial cells. Conclusion: The histological alterations were most significant in response to the treatment with the extract at 200 mg/kg of the rats with the greatest damages observed in the epithelial lining. The deleterious effects of the extract were found to be dose-dependent and this corroborates the use of this extract as a contraceptive in animal models, and potentially in humans.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the influence of storytelling method toward the ability of revealed language the of Child Aged 5-6 Years Old at Pertiwi 1 Banjarsari. This research uses quantitative approach by using experiment method; the research design uses Pre-Experimental design (nondesign) which includes pre-test and pos-test. Subject of this research is a child aged 5-6 years old in Pertiwi 1 Banjarsari Kindergarten about 19 students. Data collecting technique through the observation and documentation. Data analysis technique the inferensial statistics by using t data experiment analysis (T-Test). The result of data analysis is acquired value r = 0,68, wich are -2,450 -11,66, thus is accepted wich means there is significanct influence between Sorytelling Method to child’s revealed language ability.

We report on the observation of a 30-month-old female newborn that was treated for a urinary infection. The medical imaging revealed the existence of a right double system ureterocele with vesicorenal reflux on the ureter of the upper pyelon and a bifid left ureter. The treatment consisted in an ureterocelectomy, a reimplantation of the two right ureters and a repair of the vesical floor. The external drainage of the upper pyelon allowed us to make sure of its functionality that was about 15% of the full renal function. The post-op follow-ups have been simple and thirteen months later, the newborn is doing well and does not present any sign of urinary infection.

The aim of this research was to find out whether or not the Speaking Skill of the 3rd grade students of Cipta Dharma Elementary School could be improved through Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) and Picture Series in Academic Year 2016/2017. This Research used a Classroom Action Research with the total 36 students taken as subject. The result was, in Pre Cycle 52.78% (19 students); in Cycle 1 69.44% (25 students); and in Cycle 2 88.89% (32 students) reached the minimum completeness learning mastery. Based on the result, it could be concluded that the subject’s Speaking Skill could be improved the implementation of STAD and Picture Series.

The primary purposes of the present study were to determine (a) whether the EURO-D measures trait (i.e., time-invariant) versus state (i.e., time-variant) aspects of depression and (b) whether these aspects are stable across countries and ages. In five waves of the SHARE survey (a nationally representative Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe), we estimated trait-state-occasion models (TSO), including multiple-nation TSO, based on data from nine European nations over a 10-year period. Also, we used local structural equation modeling to test for the moderating effects of age on the TSO parameters. Our main findings were: (a) there were differences in the trait/state variances of depressive symptoms across nations. The amount of trait variance was above 60% for Belgium, Denmark, and France. It was between 50% and 60% for Austria, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland, while it was below 50% for Italy and Spain. (b) The effects of trait and state were almost equally the source of variance for depression symptoms across ages, with a slight advantage for the effects of trait (56% of the variance). This trend showed substantial stability across the adult life course (from age 40 up to age 95)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Sociosexuality, conceptualized as individual differences in attitudes, behaviors, and desires for casual sex, is reflected in "hookup culture" where risky sexual behaviors should not be overlooked. The main objectives of this study were (a) to provide a first French adaptation of the SOI-R and to evaluate its psychometric properties, and (b) to examine the relationship between sociosexuality and condom use among young college students (N = 1037, mean age = 18.7 years, SD = 1 year). A path model hypothesizing links between dispositional optimism, boredom proneness, sexual orientation, age, gender (as correlated exogenous/independent variables), sociosexuality (as mediation variable), and condom use (as output variable), was specified and tested. Findings showed gender and sexual orientation differences in sociosexuality. As expected, males as well as non-heterosexual individuals endorsed more sociosexuality than the others. Optimism, but not boredom, predicted a higher level of sociosexuality. Sociosexuality positively predicted safer sex. Sociosexual orientation was not associated with condomless sex. It would seem that sexual freedom does not necessarily mean irresponsible sexual adventures for the young college students in our study., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) are widely used by cancer patients, despite limited evidence of efficacy. Manipulative and body-based practices are some of the most commonly used CAM. This systematic review evaluates their benefits in oncology., Method: A systematic literature review was carried out with no restriction of language, time, cancer location or type. PubMed, CENTRAL, PsycArticle, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and SOCindex were queried. Inclusion criteria were adult cancer patients and randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing manipulative and body-based complementary practices on psychological and symptom outcomes. Effect size was calculated when applicable., Results: Of 1624 articles retrieved, 41 articles were included: massage (24), reflexology (11), acupressure (6). Overall, 25 studies showed positive and significant effects on symptom outcomes (versus 9 that did not), especially pain and fatigue. Mixed outcomes were found for quality of life (8 papers finding a significant effect vs. 10 which did not) and mood (14 papers vs. 13). In most studies, there was a high risk of bias with a mean Jadad score of 2, making interpretation of results difficult., Conclusion: These results seem to indicate that manipulative CAM may be effective on symptom management in cancer. However, more robust methodologies are needed. The methodological requirements of randomized controlled trials are challenging, and more informative results may be provided by more pragmatic study design., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Objective: Basic Documentation for Psycho-Oncology (PO-Bado) is a hetero-assessment and psychosocial burden documentation tool for cancer patient caregivers (across all types and stages). Recently, the psychometric properties of the standard 12-item version of PO-Bado were published. However, the standard version is relatively time-consuming for the caregivers. Here, we developed and examined psychometric properties of a French short-form of PO-Bado (PO-Bado-FSF) with seven items derived from the validated standard version., Methods: One hundred and twenty-one cancer patients ( M age  = 58.4 years, SD = 13.9 years; 68.6% were women) participated in this study during a supportive care following the first diagnosis of cancer or a relapse. All patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), in addition to the PO-Bado-FSF., Results: PO-Bado-FSF scores exhibit sound psychometric qualities such as internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and scalability (i.e. Mokken's scalability coefficients); all items loaded significantly on the single CFA factor and yielded coefficients 0.40 or higher., Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the value of using PO-Bado-FSF to identify psychological distress in cancer patients in research and practice. PO-Bado-FSF presents good psychometric properties and is less time-consuming than the standard version., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Objective: School refusal (SR) is considered as a clinical form of emotionally based school absenteeism related to the experience of strong negative emotions when attending school. However, there are no psychometrically sound measures specifically designed to assess SR. The aim of the present research was to develop and validate a multidimensional self-report measure of SR: the SChool REfusal EvaluatioN Scale (SCREEN) for adolescents., Methods: Two studies were performed to develop this scale. Study 1 used content analysis on 42 semi-directed interviews to identify and organize the indicators of SR and to generate items. The item pool was then reviewed by experts to construct a pilot scale. Study 2 examined the psychometric properties of this pilot scale of the SCREEN in a community sample of 649 French adolescents (age: 10-16 years) and a clinical sample of 31 adolescents., Results: The initial SCREEN structure was identified via exploratory factor analysis, and the resultant model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis. In its final version (an 18-item, four-factor measurement model), the SCREEN reliably measures four interrelated aspects of SR. Data suggest good reliability and validity of scores on this SR measure. Results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated good accuracy of the SCREEN (sensitivity = .94 and specificity = .88)., Conclusions: The SCREEN offers a new and valid measure to assess SR in research and clinical settings.