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Background Strongyloidiasis is a disease of great public health significance, caused by the parasitic nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Peru. Methods The review was based on a literature search in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar using the key words or root words “strongyl*” AND “Peru” on 15 July 2020. Eligible studies were published from 1 January 1981 to 15 July 2020 and written in English, Spanish, Italian, or French. Results We included 21 papers in the analysis. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of study population and diagnostic methods (e.g. Baermann technique, agar, Dancescu or charcoal cultures, serology, string capsule). Prevalence of S. stercoralis ranged from 0.3 to 45%. The pooled proportion of Strongyloides in the general population was 7.34% (95% CI 4.97 to 10.13%). Half the studies were designed to detect parasites in general. In studies designed to detect S. stercoralis, the most widely used diagnostic method was the Baermann technique. Conclusion Prevalence of S. stercoralis in Peru was high but varied by geographic area, techniques for stool examination, and participant characteristics.

Background. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated leukemia/lymphoma. The infection is endemic in some areas of Peru, but its prevalence in the Peruvian Amazon is not well established. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Peru. (2) Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending health centers in the city of Iquitos, Peru, in May and June 2019. The presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 was assessed using ELISA (HTLV I + II ELISA recombinant v.4.0, Wiener lab, Rosario, Argentina). Positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot and HTLV-1 proviral load. (3) Results. The study included 300 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4). Five patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection (prevalence 1.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 3.8%). Pregnant women with HTLV-1 infection were discretely younger (mean age 22.6 [SD 22.6] vs 26.8 [SD 6.3]; p = 0.128). None of the five women had been transfused, and all were asymptomatic. Two (40%) also had a positive serology for Strongy-loides, but larvae were not detected in any of the parasitological stool studies. The systematic review component identified 40 studies, which showed that the prevalence of HTLV infection in the general population was 2.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 5.3%) and in women of childbearing age, 2.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.0%). (4) Conclusion. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in the Peruvian Amazon basin is about 1.7%, indicating an endemic presence. Screening for HTLV-1 in prenatal care is warranted., This research was co-funded by University Development Cooperation Program, Miguel Hernández University of Elche and Generalitat Valenciana. Grant number [SOLCIF/2017/0005]

Strongyloidiasis is a disease of great public health significance. We aimed to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Peru.Methods.This systematic review was based on a literature search in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar using the key words or root words “strongyl*” AND “Peru” on 15 July 2020. Eligible studies were published from 1 January 1981 to 15 July 2020 and written in English, Spanish, Italian, or French.Results.We included 21 papers in the analysis. Studies were heterogeneous regarding the study population, diagnostic methods, and the prevalence of S. stercoralis, which ranged from 0.3–45%. Half were designed to detect parasites in general. In studies designed to detect S. stercoralis, the most widely used diagnostic method was the Baermann technique.Conclusion.Prevalence of S. stercoralis in Peru was high but varied by geographic area, techniques for stool examination, and participant characteristics.

Background. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated leukemia/lymphoma. The infection is endemic in some areas of Peru, but its prevalence in the Peruvian Amazon is not well established. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Peru. (2) Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending health centers in the city of Iquitos, Peru, in May and June 2019. The presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 was assessed using ELISA (HTLV I + II ELISA recombinant v.4.0, Wiener lab, Rosario, Argentina). Positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot and HTLV-1 proviral load. (3) Results. The study included 300 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4). Five patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection (prevalence 1.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 3.8%). Pregnant women with HTLV-1 infection were discretely younger (mean age 22.6 [SD 22.6] vs. 26.8 [SD 6.3]; p = 0.128). None of the five women had been transfused, and all were asymptomatic. Two (40%) also had a positive serology for Strongyloides, but larvae were not detected in any of the parasitological stool studies. The systematic review component identified 40 studies, which showed that the prevalence of HTLV infection in the general population was 2.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 5.3%) and in women of childbearing age, 2.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.0%). (4) Conclusion. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in the Peruvian Amazon basin is about 1.7%, indicating an endemic presence. Screening for HTLV-1 in prenatal care is warranted.

Strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis with a high global prevalence. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and assess strongyloidiasis serology as a screening technique in the Peruvian Amazon. Material and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of strongyloidiasis in 300 pregnant women in Iquitos (Peru) from 1 May 2019 to 15 June 2019. Women were tested using serology (Strongyloides IgG IVD-ELISA kit) as an index test and the modified Baermann technique and/or charcoal fecal culture as the parasitological reference standard. Results: The reference tests showed S. stercoralis in the stool of 30 women (prevalence: 10%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1% to 13.9%), while 101 women tested positive on the blood test (prevalence: 33.7%; 95% CI 28.6% to 39.4%). Fourteen of the 15 women (93.3%) with positive results according to the modified Baermann technique, and 14 of the 23 women (56.5%) with positive charcoal cultures also had positive serological results. Serology showed a sensitivity of 63.3% and a negative predictive value of 94.4%. Conclusion: In Iquitos, pregnant women have a high prevalence of S stercoralis. S. stercoralis ELISA could be an excellent tool for population-based screening, as it has a high negative predictive value that can help to rule out the presence of active infection.

Aims: To assess the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women in Iquitos City, Peru. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional survey in 300 pregnant women in Iquitos (Peru) from 1 May 2019 to 15 June 2019. Women were tested using an ELISA serology test. Results: Serology was positive in one case (prevalence: 0.33%; 95% confidence interval: 7.1-13.9%), of a 25-year-old woman who lived in a wooden house with a leaf roof in a periurban area of Iquitos. She was familiar with kissing bugs and had chronic, asymptomatic Chagas disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of Chagas disease is low in the urban and peri-urban area of the city of Iquitos.

El presente trabajo se realiz? con el objetivo de investigar si la asociatividad tiene alguna incidencia en la comercializaci?n de Shigras elaboradas por las artesanas de la comunidad de Illagua Chico, en la parroquia de Quisapincha- Ambato. Para determinar la situaci?n actual de los artesanos se ha realizado una investigaci?n tanto de fuentes secundarias como primarias, realizando una encuesta a nivel de las artesanas del caser?o Illagua Chico y posteriormente una encuesta enfocada en la poblaci?n de Ambato, para determinar la factibilidad de creaci?n de una asociaci?n de artesanos dedicados a la elaboraci?n y comercializaci?n de Shigras a base de cabuya. Se ha determinado que existe una creencia favorable entre las artesanas acerca de los beneficios que reporta una Asociaci?n, de tal manera que un 95% de ellas manifiesta que el trabajo conjunto le permitir? optimizar recursos y a la vez consideran que, a trav?s de una Asociaci?n ser? posible obtener un pago justo por las artesan?as que ah? se producen. Sin embargo, hay que destacar que despu?s de un an?lisis mucho m?s profundo los artesanos coinciden en la dificultad que representa crear una Asociaci?n, sobre todo por el ausentismo y la falta de colaboraci?n de algunas personas, quienes al principio muestran entusiasmo, pero al correr el tiempo, ya no asisten a las reuniones y no realizan a cabalidad las tareas conjuntas. Es as? que, la investigaci?n parte considerando ?nicamente al 22% de las artesanas est?n dispuestas a crear la Asociaci?n. Descriptores

El trabajo realizado nos permite determinar que el Centro de Educación Básica Monseñor Leónidas Proaño de la Ciudad del Puyo.” acorde con la sociedad moderna no escapa a la problemática de la realidad actual como es la influencia en sus estudiantes de diversos medios entre ellos una incorrecta nutrición deportiva en los que se refleja en esta Institución, en la que tuvimos todas las facilidades para realizar la investigación y la aplicación de encuestas para alcanzar la realidad deseada. Siendo el proyecto educativo un documento que permite la participación directa de las Autoridades, Docentes, Estudiantes y Padres de Familia, el mismo que ha sido elaborado para un grupo reducido de personas (muestra) ha sido factible generar el compromiso con la Institución ante lo cual se establece una propuesta significativa tomando en cuenta las conclusiones y recomendaciones. Las conferencias sobre nutrición y desenvolvimiento de los Deportistas de velocidad servirá de apoyo para que el Proyecto Educativo cumpla con los objetivos para los cuales fue creado de igual manera que falta una concientización y capacitación dentro de la institución. La responsabilidad de la aceptación y la aplicación estará a cargo de las Autoridades de la Institución Educativa. Considero que la problemática planteada que motivo esta investigación se transformara en una oportunidad de crecimiento, fortalecimiento y calidad de los Deportistas de velocidad de la Comunidad Educativa de esta Institución.