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Normal hematological values for African green monkeys have been reported, but these results are confounded by the effect of chemical restraint (ketamine), physical restraint, and capture stress. The dual-lumen central venous catheter, jacket, and tether combination described allows intravenous fluid administration and repeated blood sampling without using restraint or anesthesia. The use of a low-concentration heparin solution for catheter maintenance resulted in a significant increase in mean patency time compared to a saline-only catheter flush solution. Adding a low-concentration heparin solution creates a suitable system for long-term, serial blood collection in the African green monkey., Pub. in Jnl. of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, v46 n3 p58-60, May 2007.

Prevention of inhalational anthrax after Bacillus anthracis spore exposure requires a prolonged course of antibiotic prophylaxis. In response to the 2001 anthrax attack in the United States, approximately 10,000 people were offered 60 days of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax, but adherence to this regimen was poor. We sought to determine whether a short course of antibiotic prophylaxis after exposure could protect non-human primates from a high-dose spore challenge if vaccination was combined with antibiotics. Two groups of 10 rhesus macaques were exposed to approximately 1,600 LD50 of spores by aerosol. Both groups were given ciprofloxacin by orogastric tube twice daily for 14 days, beginning 1-2 h after exposure. One group also received three doses of the licensed human anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed) after exposure. In the ciprofloxacin-only group, four of nine monkeys (44%) survived the challenge. In contrast, all 10 monkeys that received 14 days of antibiotic plus anthrax vaccine adsorbed survived (P = 0.011). Thus postexposure vaccination enhanced the protection afforded by 14 days of antibiotic prophylaxis alone and completely protected animals against inhalational anthrax. These data provide evidence that postexposure vaccination can shorten the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis required to protect against inhalational anthrax and may impact public health management of a bioterrorism event., Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v103 n20 p7813-7816, 16 May 2006. The original document contains color images.

Between 1978 and 1985, municipal governments and private industry will spend about $111 billion dollars on construction of new facilities to reduce air and water pollution as mandated by the EPA. This report presents estimates of how these projected expenditures will affect the total level of construction and how employment, wages, interest rates, and other variables will respond to the change in construction output. Effects on employment in selected sub-classes of the construction industry were also estimated. The response of the construction industry to increased spending for pollution control was estimated by use of an econometric model of the industry. The model, developed for this study, was simulated to predict the effects of projected spending through 1985. The results suggest that construction output will rise by less than the EPA mandated expenditure. The difference is due, in part, to displacement of spending that local governments would otherwise have done and, in part, to absorption of the increase by rising wages and prices in construction. There is also some displacement of industrial expenditures for pollution abatement because of the increased cost of building a new plant. The results also suggest that employment in the construction industry is increased. Employment of young, black, inexperienced workers increases more than would be expected based on their representation in the construction labor force. (Author)

In most years since the late 1950's, the price of imported steel has been below the domestic price. This low import price has been a recurrent worry to steel workers and producers, who fear that imports will force domestic mills out of business. Little help is expected from buyer loyalty to American steel: steel is steel and the buyer need only find the cheapest source. The concerns of the steel producers and workers seem, at first, well founded in economic theory: two products which substitute perfectly in use simply cannot sell at different prices; either the higher price will fall to meet the competition or production of the higher priced one will stop. But the production of domestic steel has not stopped, even though domestic producers have lost some ground to imports. Since the late 1950's, when imports first became low priced, the demand for imports has grown steadily and, sometimes, suddenly, as in 1968. Still, the amazing story is not that imports have grown swiftly, but that they have grown slowly. In 1962, imports had 6 percent of the U.S. market. In 1976, 14 years later, they had 14 percent. So each year, on the average, imports have increased their share of the market by less than one percent. (Author)