Search

This poster is a submission to Evolution 2022. PDF dimensions are 3 x 3 ft.

Critical, transformative, and supportive subjectivities: reflections and practices is the result of a research project developed within the framework of an alliance between the Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) (Colombia), the Universidad de la República (Uruguay) and the Universidad Nacional de las Artes (Argentina). Three institutions and three academic groups with a common interest: to contribute from higher education to the creation of “other possible worlds”. In this sense, an exploration of discourses and practices with the capacity to evidence or influence the production of critical, transformative, and supportive subjectivities is carried out. The research is carried out in two contexts: the world without a pandemic and the world during a pandemic in its moment of social isolation, of different school settings, of confrontation with the power of technologies and the consequent evidence of the gaps and injustices to which the lives of people and communities have been subjected over time. Thus, thinking about how subjectivities are produced in the so-called “new subjectivities” or “new normalities” has been a priority within the motivations of the research group. The book aims to contribute to understanding critical, transformative, and supportive subjectivities as ways of being and living in the world, produced in the complex interchange of singular and collective subjects with their historical, social, and political reality. It also aims to unveil the processes that build them to consciously choose paths of autonomy and dignified life. ¡We hope to achieve it! Subjetividades críticas transformadoras y solidarias: reflexiones y prácticas es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación desarrollado en el marco de la alianza entre la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) (Colombia), la Universidad de la República (Uruguay) y la Universidad Nacional de las Artes (Argentina). Tres instituciones y tres colectivos académicos con un interés común: aportar desde la educación superior a la construcción de “otros mundos posibles”. En este orden de ideas, se realiza una exploración en torno a discursos y prácticas con capacidad para evidenciar o incidir en la producción de subjetividades críticas, transformadoras y solidarias. El desarrollo de la investigación se da durante dos situaciones: el mundo sin pandemia y el mundo con pandemia en su momento de aislamiento social, de diferentes configuraciones escolares, de confrontación con el poder de las tecnologías y la consecuente evidencia de las brechas y las injusticias a las que han sido sometidas, a lo largo de los tiempos, la vida de las personas y las comunidades. Pensar entonces cómo se producen subjetividades en las denominadas “nuevas subjetividades” o “nuevas normalidades”, han sido emergencias en las motivaciones del grupo de investigación. El libro pretende ser una contribución a la comprensión de las subjetividades críticas, transformadoras y solidarias como modos de ser y de estar en el mundo, producidos en el complejo intercambio de los sujetos singulares y colectivos con su realidad histórica, social y política; así como develar los procesos que las construyen para elegir conscientemente caminos de autonomía y vida digna. ¡Esperamos lograrlo!

Key to the Species of the Octopleura Clade 1. - Inflorescences a sessile cluster of fasciculate glomerules or a fascicle-like cluster of cymes with poorly developed branching; calyx lobes reflexed; seeds mostly> 0.5 mm long, pyramidal with a rugose testa............................................. 2. Inflorescences a group of modified dichasia, a thyrsoid or a dithyrsoid, with moderate to highly developed branching; calyx lobes erect to spreading but not reflexed; seeds generally M. incerta which has a rugose testa)................................................................................................................. 10. 2. - Indumentum on uppermost internodes and hypanthia composed of somewhat flattened elongate slightly to moderately roughened trichomes (absent in some populations of M. approximata); inflorescences a sessile cluster of fasciculate glomerules with no developed branching.............................................................................................................................. 3. Indumentum on uppermost internodes and hypanthia composed of clavate dendritic trichomes with short to elongate thinwalled arms (if the indumentum consists of elongate-roughened trichomes then the inflorescences not a fasciculate cluster); inflorescences a fascicle-like cluster of cymes with poorly developed branching.................................................. 7. 3. - The elongate slightly to moderately roughened trichomes on uppermost internodes and hypanthia 1.5 to 3 mm long...... 4. The elongate slightly roughened trichomes on uppermost internodes and hypanthia less than 1.5 mm long (absent in some populations of M. approximata)............................................................................................................................................ 5. 4. - Lanate indumentum white; leaves 5-nerved; flowers 5-merous; torus adaxially glabrous to somewhat scaly; ovaries 5- locular ................................................................................................................................................................. M. chocoensis Lanate indumentum ferruginous; leaves 5─7-plinerved; flowers 4-merous; torus covered adaxially with short-stalked glands; ovaries 4-locular ............................................................................................................................... M. quadridomius 5. - Leaves apex bluntly apiculate, 5─7-plinerved, the foliar veins thick and succulent; berries 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm when dry, globose-elliptic to globose-obovate ........................................................................................................... M. veraguensis Leaves apex gradually acuminate to long-acuminate, 5-nerved, the foliar veins thin and not succulent; berries 2–2.5 × 5–6 mm when dry, globose-oblate................................................................................................................................................ 6. 6. - Hypanthium at anthesis 2.4–2.5 × 1.4–1.5(–2.2) mm; anthers 1.4–1.5 × 0.25–0.33 mm, linear-oblong; flowers 4-merous.. ......................................................................................................................................................................... M. approximata Hypanthium at anthesis 2.8–3 × 1.5–1.7 mm; anthers 1.9–2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, oblong-obovate; flowers 5-merous.................. ....................................................................................................................................................................... M. anchicayensis 7. - Petals triangular-subulate or narrowly lanceolate, the apex bluntly acute to acuminate; berries purple or purple black at maturity................................................................................................................................................................................. 8. Petals ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, the apex bluntly and widely acute to obtuse-rounded; berries bright orange or reddish at maturity................................................................................................................................................................. 9. 8. - Indumentum on uppermost internodes pulverulent-furfuraceous with dendritic trichomes .............................................. M. alboglandulosa Indumentum on uppermost internodes granulose-asperous with dendritic trichomes 0.15–2 mm long with moderately long flattened arms, occasionally intermixed with, or completely replaced by elongate slightly roughened trichomes 0.6–1 mm long; indumentum on hypanthia consisting of dendritic trichomes and resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands; the deflexed dorso-basal connective appendage 1.2 mm long, linear-lanceolate ........................................ M. renatoi 9. - Petioles 0.3–1.5 cm long; blade base attenuate to acute; tertiary and higher order leaf veins abaxially copiously beset with white furrowed sessile glands; inflorescences 0.25–1.15 cm long; hypanthia 2–2.5 mm long ......................... M. aurantiaca Petioles 1.5–4.7 cm long; blade base obtuse to rounded; tertiary and higher order veins abaxially copiously beset with sessile to short-stalked glands with thin-walled heads; inflorescences 1–2.5(4.7) cm long; hypanthia 3.1–3.5 mm long...... ........................................................................................................................................................................... M. evanescens 10. Indumentum on uppermost internodes, inflorescence axes, and hypanthia completely glandular; upper cauline internodes strongly quadrate and winged .............................................................................................................................. M. alatissima 34 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA - Indumentum on uppermost internodes, inflorescence axes, and hypanthia with different types of eglandular and glandular trichomes or if with only one type of trichome then uniformly stellate, lepidote, or dendritic but never glandular; upper cauline internodes terete or shallowly quadrate and not winged..........................................................................................11. 11. Leaves markedly to more or less anisophyllous in each pair, petiolate; indumentum on uppermost internodes asperous with dendritic trichomes or arachnoid with sessile-stellate trichomes; petals rounded to rounded-truncate at the apex, densely papillose on both surfaces; seeds with the raphal zone notably expanded ventrally and longitudinally............................ 12. - Leaves essentially isophyllous in each pair, petiolate or subsessile (if subsessile then the indumentum on uppermost internodes asperous with dendritic trichomes); indumentum on uppermost internodes puberulent-dendritic, mealyfurfuraceous, squamate, thickened-claviform, tomentose, or hispid; petals bluntly acute to acuminate at the apex, glabrous with trichomes only on the abaxial surface, or with trichomes on both surfaces but with different trichome types on each surface; seeds with the raphal zone only moderately expanded ventrally at one side (micropylar or chalazal)................. 19. 12. Leaves of each pair markedly anisophyllous in size and shape, with a thick-callose vesicular structure at the abaxial blade base where the innermost pair of secondary veins diverge from the primary vein; leaf margins eciliate; indumentum on primary and secondary abaxial foliar veins appearing arachnoid with sessile-stellate trichomes...................................... 13. - Leaves of each pair slightly anisophyllous only in size, lacking callose vesicular structures at the abaxial blade base where the innermost pair of secondary veins diverge from the primary vein; leaf margins ciliate (except for some individuals of M. atropurpurea); indumentum on primary and secondary abaxial foliar veins asperous with dendritic trichomes that have a short axis and few-moderate number of terete arms......................................................................................................... 15. 13. Larger leaf at each node elliptic-oblong and falcate, 3–5-nerved ......................................................................... M. radicans - Larger leaf at each node broadly ovate to subrotund, or oval-orbicular, 5–7-nerved......................................................... 14. 14. Hypanthia 2.8–2.9 mm long at anthesis, cylindric to campanulate and not constricted distally, resinous-glandular with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands; calyx teeth to 0.2 mm long and not projecting beyond the calyx lobes......... ........................................................................................................................................................................ M. erikasplundii - Hypanthia 3.2–3.4 mm long at anthesis, urceolate and constricted distally into a subcylindric neck, arachnoid with appressed matted sessile-stellate trichomes; calyx teeth 0.7–0.8 mm long and projecting beyond the calyx lobes................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ M. biolleyana 15. Hypanthium at anthesis beset with asperous dendritic trichomes, densely intermixed with elongate smooth trichomes but lacking glands of any kind .............................................................................................................................. M. atropurpurea - Hypanthium at anthesis copiously beset with resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands intermixed with asperous dendritic and/or elongate smooth trichomes in variable quantities...................................................................... 16. 16. Blade base attenuate to oblique, conspicuously and narrowly decurrent on the petiole; torus copiously resinous-glandular adaxially............................................................................................................................................................................. 17. - Blade base rounded to obtuse, not decurrent on the petiole; torus moderately to densely ciliate adaxially....................... 18. 17. Inflorescence axes greenish; flowers 4-merous; hypanthium green-whitish; ovary 4-locular; berries bright-orange at maturity ................................................................................................................................................................. M. aguilarii - I nflorescence axes pinkish; flowers 5-merous; hypanthium yellowish becoming bright pink; ovary 5-locular; berries purple-black at maturity ............................................................................................................................... M. quinquenervia 18. Adaxial foliar surface sparsely to moderately strigose with pinkish subulate-smooth trichomes; hypanthium densely setose with pinkish subulate-smooth trichomes; exterior teeth ca. 1 mm long including the apical trichome, bluntly conic and 1–3-aristate ............................................................................................................................................................ M. reitziana - Adaxial foliar surface glabrate; hypanthium not setose with only slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands; exterior teeth ca. 0.5 mm long, subulate and lacking aristae ........................................................................................ M. neocoronata 19. Leaves subsessile, the blade base cordate-amplexicaul, not decurrent on the petiole........................................................ 20. - Leaves petiolate or subsessile, if subsessile the blade base decurrent on the petiole, if the base cordate then not amplexicaul and the leaves petiolate................................................................................................................................... 22. 20. Leaves ovate-lanceolate; hypanthium at anthesis copiously resinous with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands, the torus glabrous adaxially; exterior calyx teeth 1.3–1.5 mm long, linear-subulate and projecting beyond the calyx lobes....... .................................................................................................................................................................................. M. incerta - Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic; hypanthium not resinous-glandular, the torus copiously resinous-puberulent with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands adaxially; exterior calyx teeth 0.2–0.5 mm, bluntly triangular and not projecting beyond the calyx lobes........................................................................................................................................................ 21., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1

28. Miconia renatoi Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 24) Related to M. alboglandulosa which it resembles in flower morphology and hypanthial coloration. Distinguished by the clavate dendritic trichomes with moderately long thin-walled arms, which are 0.5–2 mm long and present throughout the plant. Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Pichincha: Reserva Florística-Ecológica “Río Guajalito”, km 59 de la carretera Antigua Quito-Sto. Domingo de los Colorados, a 3.5 km al NE de la carretera, estribaciones occidenatles del Volcán Pichincha, 0°13’S, 78°48’ W, 1800–2200 m, 27 December 1985, Jaramillo 8274 (holotype: NY!, isotype: MO!). 122 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Laxly branched subshrub or shrub 1–4 m tall. Upper internodes compressed-rounded to rounded-quadrate, (0.3–) 2.5–6.6 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary, secondary and tertiary foliar veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth densely to copiously covered with whitish-translucent clavate dendritic trichomes 0.15–2 mm long with moderately long thin-walled arms, on branchlets, petioles, primary and secondary leaf vein abaxially, occasionally intermixed, or completely replaced by, whitish-translucent deflexed-elongate slightly roughened trichomes 0.6–1 mm long. Leaves of each pair somewhat unequal in size at maturity; petioles 0.5–2.1 cm (on larger leaves) or 0.3–0.8 cm (on smaller leaves), canaliculate adaxially, rounded or bluntly grooved abaxially; larger blades 8.3–14.5 × 2.8–6.5 cm, smaller blades 5.3–8.5 × 2.1–3 cm, elliptic to oval, the base acute-attenuate, the margin entire to obscurely crenate, the apex aristate-caudate, firm-chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrescent, along with the primary vein, at first with the dendritic indumentum or with a mixture of dendritic and elongate slightly roughened trichomes, mainly toward the blade base, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous, except for a few glands on the venules, the tertiary and higher order veins copiously to moderately beset with resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands, occasionally sparsely intermixed with white furrowed sessile glands, both ca. 0.08 mm long; 5-nerved to shortly 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, when slightly plinerved, the innermost pair of secondary veins diverging symmetrically from the primary vein 0.2 cm above the base, areolae 0.5–1 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised. Inflorescences an axillary cluster of cymes 1.3–2.8 cm long, including a peduncle 0.2–0.3 cm long, branching poorly developed with multiple axes arising from a common point at the peduncle apex (fascicle-like), paired on the upper defoliated axils; bracts 1.1–1.6 × ca. 0.3 mm, linearsubulate, erect and somewhat concave, persistent to tardily deciduous in fruit; bracteoles 0.4–0.5 × 0.2 mm, triangular and thick at the base, concave, somewhat persistent in fruit. Flowers 4-merous on pedicels 0.5–0.7 mm to 1 mm long in fruit. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.5 × 1.5 mm, free portion of hypanthium ca. 1 mm long, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly 8-ribbed, red-pink, the dendritic trichomes densely to moderately mixed with resinous subsessile furrowed glands ca. 0.03–0.05 mm long, inner surface ridged, along with the torus densely covered with rounded sessile glands, each ridge sparsely beset with short-stalked glands with thin-walled short heads. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, red-pinkish; tube ca. 0.3 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.8–1 × 0.5 mm, broadly and bluntly triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, glabrescent with age, reflexed at anthesis and fruit; exterior calyx teeth 0.9–1.1 mm long, bluntly linear-subulate, inserted at the apex of the calyx lobes and widely projecting beyond them, resinous-glandular as the hypanthium outside. Petals 3.5–4 × 1.5 mm, triangular-subulate, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acuminate, white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1.7 × 0.3 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 2.2 × 0.4 mm, linear-oblong, rounded at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.15 mm in diameter, white to yellow at anthesis; connective darker than the thecae, its prolongations and appendage 1.2 mm long, the appendage linear-lanceolate, acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged with short stalked glands with thinwalled short heads, also somewhat prolonged and gland-edged but unappendaged ventro-basally. Ovary 4-locular, 2/3 inferior, 1.5 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex ca. 0.25 mm in diameter, conic, copiously glandular-puberulent; style 4.5 mm long, tapering distally, white, glabrous; stigma capitellate at anthesis. Berries 3–3.5 × 4 mm when dry, globose to slightly oblate, purple when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.61–0.62 × ca. 0.3 mm, pyramidal, brownish; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone circular to suboblong, ca. 60% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells and microrelief not discernible on material available for study. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Cauca: (Santa Rosa), Corregimiento de San Juan de Villalobos, Vereda Palmeras, Zona amortiguadora del P.N.N. Serranía de Los Churumbelos, Camino hacia Mandiyaco, cerca del Río Villalobos, 1°30.266’N, 76°20.809’W, 1458 m, 20 February 2013, Alvear et al. 1905 (CAS, COL). Chocó: Carretera Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar, límite con el Valle del Cauca, Alto del Galápago, 2050–2100 m, 25 August 1976, Forero et al. 2060 (US). Nariño: (Ricaurte), R.N. La Planada, Vertiente Occidental, Cordillera Occidental, 1.2°N, - 77.95°W, 1800 m, 2 May 1989, Restrepo 455 (MO). ECUADOR. Carchi: Awá R., Trail to Pailon encampment, Gualpi Chico area of Awá R., 0.97°N, - 78.27°W, 1350–1400 m, 21 January 1988, Hoover et al. 3621 (MO, US). Cotopaxi: R.E. Los Illinazas, Cerro Tilipulo, filo de cumbre, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 123 Cordillera Tilinche, - 0.775°S, - 79.096°W, 2022 m, 25 July 2003, Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 9539 (CAS, CUVC). Pichincha: R. Florística Ecológica Río Guajalito, km 59 de la carretera antigua Quito-Sto Domingo de los Colorados, 3.5 km al NE de la carretera, Estribaciones occidentales del Volcán Pichincha, - 0.2314°S, - 78.8028°W, 1800–2200 m, 12 August 1985, Jaramillo & Zak 8036 (MO, US). Illustration:— Fig. 24. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Uncommon species in primary cloud forests from the Pacific Andean slopes of southern Colombia through northwestern Ecuador (Fig. 17), at 1350–2100 m. In Colombia it is known from the Department of Chocó, close to the limits with Valle, and from La Planada Reserve in Nariño. It appears to be more common in Ecuador. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit from December through January, in May, and from July through August, but fruiting material has been collected only in July. Etymology:— The specific epithet is dedicated to Renato Goldenberg (1968–), an active Brazilian botanist and collector. He is a specialist in tropical and Brazilian Melastomataceae. Currently, he is an associate professor at the Universidade Federal do Paraná in Curitiba, Brazil. Discussion:— The distinctive features of this species include its dense whitish-translucent granulose-asperous vegetative indumentum of clavate dendritic trichomes with moderately long thin-walled arms, fascicle-like cluster of cymes, white flowers with pink hypanthia, and pink-red costate berries turning purple at maturity. It is similar to M. alboglandulosa, which is probably the sister species, differing in indumentum size (0.15–2 mm long vs. 0.053 –0.093 mm long in M. alboglandulosa) and foliar shape (elliptic to oval with acute-attenuate base vs. ellipticlanceolate with rounded base). This new species also lacks the resinous and white sessile furrowed glands on vegetative parts which characterize M. alboglandulosa, but these glands are present on the hypanthium, intermixed with the dendritic trichomes (which are lacking in M. alboglandulosa hypanthium). 124 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA There are few collections of this new species. However the vegetative indumentum is rather variable and the specimens from the province of Carchi and Cotopaxi have elongate slightly roughened trichomes in addition to the dendritic ones. These trichomes seem to be a longer version of the dendritic ones. These specimens also have the same kind of indumentum on the hypanthium, but the slightly furrowed glands are more abundant than the dendritic trichomes, which is the reverse for the collections from Pichincha, which lack the elongate trichomes mentioned above. The rest of vegetative and floral characters are uniform among the collections studied, and for this reason we consider all the material a single species with two indumentum variants on the vegetative parts. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii) based on IUCN criteria (AOO). However, it is protected in most of its range, justifying a status of Least Concern LC. This species is protected in the areas where it has been collected (all natural reserves). These areas include La Planada Natural Reserve in Colombia (Nariño). In Ecuador it is protected in the Awá Indigenour Reserve (Carchi), Los Illinazas Ecological Reserve (Cotopaxi), and in the Río Guajalito Ecological Reserve (Pichincha).

29. Miconia rufibarbis (Triana 1871: 147) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Ossaea rufibarbis Triana. Type: COLOMBIA (Novae Granatae). Nariño (Prov. de Barbacoas), 800 m, May 1853, Triana 3929 (holotype: BM-internet image!; isotypes: COL-internet image!, BR-internet image!, P; fragment: US; photographs: F!, MO!). Shrub or small little-branched tree, rarely epiphytic, (1.2–) 1.5–5 m tall, bark rusty-green. Upper internodes [(2–) 2.8–8.5 cm long] and cauline nodes terete, bearing a well defined nodal ridge that is confluent with the abaxial bases of the petioles. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial surface of young leaves, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts and bracteoles abaxially, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth copiously to moderately covered with hispid elongate trichomes 2–3 mm long with greatly roughened (substellate) bases, sparsely intermixed with an understory of dendritic trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long with short thin-walled (flattened) arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; the petiole 0.5–2.5 cm long, widely canaliculate and depressed adaxially, erect and nearly parallel to the subtending internode, the adaxial canaliculate surface densely and caducously covered with hispid trichomes; blades 14–41.8 × 6.8–15.5 cm, oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, the base cuneate to slightly rounded or tapering to become rounded-cordate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin caducously ciliate, entire to denticulate, the apex acuminate, firm-chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrescent, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface yellowish-green, occasionally brown to purple, glabrous, the tertiary and higher order veins with an indumentum like that of the primary and secondary veins, but sparser and shorter; 5- or 7-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein 1.2–3 cm above the base, areolae 0.4–0.5 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly impressed to flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated to flat. Inflorescences an erect pseudolateral interrupted verticillate spike 6.5–16.1 cm long, each verticil appearing glomerulate-fasciculate, the unbranched peduncle 1.4–5.3 cm long, borne in the axils of upper leaves, the rachis rusty-green; bracts 3–3.5 × 4.5 mm, ovate-triangular to suborbicular, with conspicuous parallel venation, rustytranslucent, glabrous adaxially except for the hispid margins, persistent in fruit; bracteoles 5–5.5 × 2–3 mm, subulate, with conspicuous parallel venation, rusty-translucent, glabrous adaxially, glabrescent abaxially, the indumentum mostly restricted to a center band, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.8–2 × 1 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.8–1 mm long, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly 10-ribbed, green, ridged on the inner surface, copiously beset with sessile rounded glands sparsely intermixed with caducous hispid trichomes like those of the general indumentum, the torus densely glandular-puberulent and scaly adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, green-brown; tube 0.5 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.5 × 0.8 mm, depressed-rounded, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex obtuse; exterior calyx teeth 0.2 mm long, inconspicuously bluntly triangular, inserted at the base of the lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals 4–4.5 × 1.1–1.3 mm, lanceolate-triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, translucent light green to white, adaxially sparsely papillose, abaxially glabrous, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.6–1.8 × 0.25 mm, white-greenish, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5 × 0.3 mm, oblong-clavate, emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, white to pale yellow; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.4–0.6 mm long, the appendage oblong, obtuse-rounded at the apex, copiously glandular on the edges and on both surfaces of the appendage and throughout the connective, the glands SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 125 on linear to subulate stalks. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, ca. 1 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.9 × 0.7 mm, urceolate, sparsely to moderately glandular-puberulent; style 4.5 mm long at early anthesis, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate. Berries 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm when dry, globose, green to orange, turning white when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.32–0.37 × 0.19–0.22 mm, ovoid, angled, occasionally pyramidal, brownish; lateral symmetrical plane typically ovoid, occasionally triangular, the highest point toward the chalazal side; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, nearly as long as the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief slightly striate or absent. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: Hills near highest point of Bagado-Certegui trail, 5°25’N, 76°28’W, 130–180 m, 8 December 1983, Juncosa 1544 (MO, US); (Tado), Gingaraba, 25 April 1991, Lozano et al. 6090 (COL); Along road between Quibdó and Istmina, at 14 km Sof Quibdó, 5°32’N, 67°37’W, Croat & Cogollo 52186 (COL); 2 km Sof Las Animas on road to Istmina, 150 m, 13 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17618 (MO, US); Hoya del Río San Juan, Río Fujiadó, afluente del Río San Juan, 4°36’N, 76°54’W, 7 April 1979, Forero et al. 4824 (COL, MO, US); 6–10 km Eof Quibdó on road to Tutunendo, 180 m, 12 June 1982, Gentry & Brand 36761 (COL, MO); Quibdó-Tutunendo road ca. 3 km Wof Tutunendo, 5°46’N, 76°35’W, 80 m, 5 January 1981, Gentry et al. 20162 (MO); Road to Lloró (under construction) 1–2 km SE of Yuto, ca 30 km Sof Quibdó, 80 m, 7 January 1979, Gentry & Renteria 23756 (COL, MO); (Quibdó), Carretera Yuto-Lloró, 80 m, 30 June 1983, Forero et al. 9642 (COL, MO); (Istmina), Quebrada Raspadura, entre Raspadura y Quibdó, Divorcio de aguas de las Hoyas del Río Atrato y del Río San Juan, 5°15’N, 76°38’W, 18 April 1979, Forero & Jaramillo 5320 (COL, MO); Trail from Tutunendo-Quibdó road to Tubadó, ca 14 km NE of Quibdó, Transect line 3, 90 m, 19 January 1979, Gentry & Renteria 24479 (COL, MO). Nariño: (Barbacoas), Diviso, Vía El Diviso-Tumaco a 27 km, Altaquer, 680 m, 12 March 1995, Lozano et al. 6922 (COL). Valle: (Darién), Bajo Calima, Granja agroforestal, camino hacia el Jardín Botánico, Ecasa hacia el Jardín Botánico, 40 m, 26 October 1983, Devia 426 (CAS, COL, MO, TULV); Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel, ca 100 m, 20 January 1988, van der Werff & Monsalve 9670 (CAS, MO); Bajo Calima, Cartón Colombia transect "El Dindo", 30–50 m, 26 May 1982, Murphy et al. 515 (CAS, MO); (Buenaventura), About 18 km Eof Buenaventura, 50 m, 14 February 1939, Killip & García 33274 (US); (Buenaventura), Anchicayá, Eof Buenaventura, across river from power plant, 22 January 1971, Kennedy 735 (US); (Buenaventura), Along highway, 10–15 km Eof Buenaventura, near 0 m, 12 April 1939, Killip 34920 (COL, NY, US); (Buenaventura), Chanco, Orilla Río Calima, campamento CVC, 600 m, 18 February 1989, Devia & Prado 2504 (TULV, US); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, ca 10 km due Nof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, Transect 5, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, 50 m, 10 December 1981, Gentry 35559 (COL, US); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 14 August 1986, Monsalve 1051 (CUVC, F); Costa del Pacífico, Río Yurumanguí, Veneral, 5–50 m, 28 January 1944, Cuatrecasas 15747 (F, US); (Buenaventura), Bahía de Buenaventura, Costa del Pacífico, Bahía de Buenventura, Quebrada de San Joaquín, 0–10 m, 21 February 1946, Cuatrecasas 19902 (F, NY); (Córdoba), Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, Hoya del Río Dagua, 39–60 m, 14 November 1945, Cuatrecasas 19840 (F); Puerto Merizalde, Costa del Pacífico, Río Naya, 5–20 m, 20 February 1943, Cuatrecasas 13985 (F, NY); R.N. del Río Escalerete, 100 m, 16 September 1993, Devia et al. 4461 (COL, TULV); (Buenaventura), Km 14 Carretera Cali - Buenaventura, 14 August 1959, Maguire & Maguire 44006 (COL, NY); Estación Agroforestal del Bajo Calima, Secretaría de Agricultura y Fomento, Parte NE del campamento, 40–60 m, 5 August 1979, Cabrera 5182 (CUVC, MO,); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Along road from Buenaventura to Malaga vicinity, Pulpapel Headquarters (located at km 11), at km 9, 3°56’N, 77°1’W, 185 m, 3 February 1990, Croat 70102 (MO); Bajo Calima Region, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 76°58’W, 100 m, 11 July 1984, Gentry et al. 47890 (MO); (Buenaventura), San Cipriano, R.N. de Escalerete, Transecto B, 100 m, 26 March 1993, Devia et al. 3828 (COL); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 29 August 1984, Monsalve 262 (COL, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Cartón de Colombia lumber concession area, Carretera Gasolina 6 km Sof main road Cali–Buenaventura highway and Canalete, 3°56’N, 77°7’30"W, 50–80 m, 19 July 1988, Croat 69393 (CAS, MO); Bajo Calima, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 76°58’W, 100 m, 20 July 1984, Gentry & Monsalve 48408 (MO); (Buenaventura), In regione torrida et pluviali S, Bonaventura, de Queremal ad Agua Clara (A), in silva prope "trazado Juanchaco-Pacifico" (B), Locus B, 50 m, 1965, Bernardi 10685 (CJB, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, Carretera La Gasolina, PT3, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 19 Agosto 1987, Monsalve 1630 (MO); Bajo Calima, ca 10 km due Nof Buenaventura, Carton de Colombia concession, 3°56’N, 126 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA 77°8’W, 50 m, 5 December 1981, Gentry 35343 (MO); Gallinero, Along road between Buenaventura and Málaga vicinity of Bajo Calima, km 3.5.2 from main Cali- Buenaventura Hwy, 4°0’N, 77°3’W, 100 m, 15 July 1993, Croat & Bay 75741 (MO); Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, Carretera La Gasolina, Punto final colectados dentro de la parcela, 3°55’N, 77°’W, 100 m, 26 May 1987, Monsalve 1472 (MO). Valle-Cauca-Nariño: Carretera Cali-Pasto, 1000–2000 m, 26 November 1962, Saravia & Jaramillo 1776 (COL). ECUADOR. Carchi: Border area between Prov. Carchi and Esmeraldas, about 20 km past Lita on Road Lita-Alto Tambo, 550 m, 25 June 1991, van der Werff et al. 11986 (CAS, MO); (Tulcán), R. Indígena Awá, Comunidad San Marcos, 25 km al NW de El Chical, parroquia Maldonado, 1°6’N, 78°14’W, 1500 m, 16 November 1990, Rubio et al. 1066 (MO, QCNE, US); Border area between Prov. Carchi and Esmeraldas, about 20 km past Lita on road Lita-Alto Tambo, 550 m, 24 June 1991, van der Werff et al. 11910 (MO, NY); (Tulcán), R. Étnica Awá, Comunidad de Gualpi Medio, 1°1’N, 78°16’W, 900 m, 21 May 1992, Quelal et al. 725 (MO, NY, QCNE). Esmeraldas: Sof bridge Sof Lita- Alto Tambo road, 0°53’19"N, 78°31’43"W, 900 m, 21 September 2003, Penneys et al. 1574 (CAS, NY, US); (San Lorenzo), Awá Indigenous Territory, Río Bogotá community, 2 km Sof Lita-San Lorenzo road, 0°59’11"N, 78°35’50"W, 350 m, 6 April 2002, Neillet al. 13918 (CAS); Road San Lorenzo-Alto Tambo-Lita, km 60.5 from San Lorenzo, Fringes of the R. Cotacachi-Cayapas, 0°53’47.7"N, 78°32’7"W, 879 m, 3 October 2001, Cotton et al. 1819 (CAS, MO, NY, QCA); (San José), km 321 along railroad from Ibarra to San Lorenzo, 1°N, 78°W, 350 m, 2 May 1982, Boom 1290 (MO, NY, US); Alongroadbetween Litaand San Lorenzo, 0°52’15"N, 78°27’10"W, 425 m, 13 October 2007, Croat et al. 99711 (CAS); Along road between Lita and San Lorenzo, 0.7 km Nof Alto Tambo, 0°54’30"N, 78°32’37"W, 800 m, 20 July 2000, Croat et al. 84199 (MO); Lita-San Lorenzo road, 10–20 km NW of Lita, 0°55’N, 78°35’W, 800 m, 12 May 1991, Gentry et al. 70147 (MO); (San Lorenzo), Via Lita-San Lorenzo, Alto Tambo, 0°56’N, 78°23’W, 600 m, 1 April 1994, Palacios 12203 (MO, QCNE); (San Lorenzo), R. Étnica Awá, Comunidad "La Unión", Cañon del Río Mira, 10 km Wde Alto Tambo, 1°2’N, 78°26’W, 250 m, 16 March 1991, Rubio et al. 1114 (MO, QCNE); km 8 Lita-Alto Tambo, 740 m, 19 July 1988, Dodson & Gentry 17531 (MO, NY, QCNE); Lita-San Lorenzo road, 11 km Wof El Durango, 9.7 km Wof Alto Tambo, 1°2’31"N, 78°37’3"W, 380 m, 8 July 1998, Croat et al. 82564 (MO); Lita-San Lorenzo road, 14.2 km Wof Río Lita Bridge (below Lita), 0°52’11"N, 78°27’16"W, 425 m, 4 July 1998, Croat et al. 82329 (MO). Los Ríos: (Quevedo), Parroquia Centinela - La Pirámide, Vía Santo Domingo de los Colorados-Quevedo entrando por Patricia Pilar km 41, 1°40’S, 79°20’W, 650 m, 25 February 1992, Quelal & Tipaz 202 (MO, QCNE). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— Ecuador: “hojita lanuda” (Los Ríos, Quelal 202, MO!); “chinul” (Carchi, Quelal 725, MO!). Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Locally common in pristine to disturbed lowland rainforests where it grows in flat sites or steep slopes in the Biogeographic Chocó region of Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 14), at 0–900(–1500) m. Phenology:— Collected in flower throughout the year; in fruit from November through May, July and September. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the dense rusty brown indumentum of this species. Discussion:— This species is characterized by the dense rusty-hispid indumentum throughout the plant, and the 5-plinerved leaves. The trichomes are roughened at the base but otherwise smooth, a unique character within the Octopleura clade. Its interrupted spicate-verticillate bracteate inflorescence is reminiscent of M. spiciformis, which is a much more slender plant with 5-nerved leaves, an inflorescence with a tomentose indumentum, and much smaller bracts. Phylogenetically these species belong to a well supported subclade that includes M. bractiflora, M. formicaria, and M. magnifolia (Fig. 1). The dense indumentum at the point where the secondary veins diverge from the primary vein on abaxial foliar surfaces appears to be a domatium exploited by ants. Some ants were found in these structures. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii) according to IUCN criteria (AOO). Astatus of Vulnerable VU is warranted, because it is protected in few parts of its range. Protected in Colombia in the Farallones National Park and in the Río Escalarete Natural Reserve (Valle). In Ecuador it is protected in the Awá Indigenous Reserve (Carchi and Esmeraldas)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 125-127, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 28: 1 - 188."]}

16. Miconia formicaria Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 21) Related to M. bractiflora in having the secund arrangement of flowers in the dichasial ramifications of the paracladia. It is distinct in the presence of a conspicuous formicarium at the blade base adaxially. Type: COLOMBIA. Dept. Valle: Mpio. Dagua, corregimiento El Queremal, P.N.N. Farallones, Alto Anchicayá. Trail off of (upslope) Quebrada La Riqueza. Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, 03°39.998’N, 76°53.609’W, 600–810 m, 6 February 2011, Almeda et al. 10274 (holotype: COL!; isotypes: CAS!, CAUP!, CUVC!, FMB!, HUA!, NY!, PSO!). Subshrub 1 m tall, little-branched, bark green-brownish. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate and somewhat grooved, ca. 3 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line present and frequently obscured by the dense indumentum. Indumentum on branchlets, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, and inflorescence axes densely composed of brown-translucent somewhat flattened, slightly elongate moderately roughened trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long, copiously to moderately intermixed with, and replaced on petioles, tertiary leaf veins abaxially, bracts, bracteoles, hypanthia, exterior calyx teeth, and petals abaxially by resinous-whitish dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long with moderately long thin-walled (flattened) arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; the petiole 0.76–0.89 cm long, deeply and narrowly canaliculate adaxially, irregularly grooved abaxially, greenish, the dense dendritic indumentum moderately intermixed with resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.05 mm long; blades 15–23.6 × 8.2–11.1 cm, ovate, tapering to a rounded-cordate base, the margin vaguely crenate, the apex bluntly long-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrous with conspicuous formicaria ca. 8 × 2.5 mm at the base, the formicaria forming two half-oval sacs, moderately setose with elongate smooth trichomes 4–5 mm long, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; adaxial surface superficially glabrous, microscopically papillose with brown to resinous rounded glands ca. 0.05 mm in diameter, the indumentum on the primary, secondary and tertiary veins somewhat caducous, the higher order veins glabrous; 7-nerved to 7-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein 0.5–0.6 cm above the base, abaxially forming a deep pocket-like space (acarodomatium?) covered with trichomes like those of the the general indumentum on the primary and innermost pair of secondary veins, areolae 0.5–1 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins barely impressed, abaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins elevated and terete. Inflorescences an erect pseudolateral multiflorous thyrsoid 3.2 × 5.66 cm, including a peduncle 0.54–0.83 cm long, the dichasial ramifications of the paracladia with secund flowers, divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, borne on the upper foliar axils, the rachis yellowishgreen, the dense dendritic indumentum sparsely intermixed with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.05 mm long; bracts 3.5–4.2 × 1.8–2.5 mm, spatulate-oblong or rhombic, the margins ciliolate, cilia 1.5–2 mm long, the apex rounded, yellowish-green, the dendritic indumentum sparse adaxially, dense abaxially, whitishtranslucent, persistent in fruit; bracteoles 5.5–7 × 2–2.2 mm, spatulate-obovate, ciliolate at the rounded apex, the cilia becoming less numerous basally in the rest of the margin, 1.5–2 mm long, yellowish-green, the dendritic indumentum dense on both surfaces, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.5–2.6 × 1.2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.9–1 mm long, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly10-ribbed, yellowish- 80 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA green, the dendritic indumentum dense, ridged on the inner surface, moderately glandular, the glands sessile and rounded, the torus thickened adaxially, obscurely 10-lobed, densely ciliolate, the trichomes translucent-brown and somewhat flattened, sparsely intermixed with subsessile glands. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, green; tube 0.7 mm long, vaguely undulate, adaxially sparsely and minutely glandular to glabrescent, abaxially with the same vestiture as the hypanthium; lobes obsolete; exterior calyx teeth 0.5 mm long, bluntly tuberculiform, erect to somewhat spreading, inserted at the basal half of the calyx tube and equaling its length. Petals 3.5 × 1.5 mm, subulate to rhombic, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, white to translucent-white, glabrous adaxially, abaxially the indumentum resinous and restricted to a median band, each trichome to 0.35 mm long. Stamens 10; filaments 1–1.5 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.6–1.7 × 0.3 mm, linear-oblong, slightly emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.15 mm in diameter, white becoming brown with age; connective somewhat darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.8–1 mm long, the appendage oblong-subulate, bluntly acute at the apex, conspicuously and densely gland-edged, the glands short-stalked and also present on the dorsal side of the appendage and throughout the connective. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, 1.5–1.6 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.5 × 0.8 mm, conic-truncate, sparsely to moderately covered with glandularpuberulent; style 4.8–5 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded truncate at anthesis. Berries 3.5 × 3 mm when dry, globose-elliptic to globose-obovate, initially green, becoming orange when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.38–0.41 × 0.17–0.18 mm, ovoid, angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, nearly as long as the seed and somewhat ventrally expanded; appendage absent but a small protuberance present; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate to inconspicuous. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: (Nóvita), Llanadas, ladera Ndel Cerro Torrá, filo al Wdel Río Surama, Alto del Oso, 1000–1150 m, 22 February 1977, Forero et al. 3223 (MO, US); Llanadas, ladera Ndel Cerro Torrá, filo al Wdel Río Surama, Alto del Oso, 600–900 m, 22 February 1977, Forero et al. 3170 (COL, MO, US). Valle: (Dagua), Corregimiento Queremal, P.N.N. Farallones, Sector Alto Anchicayá, Sendero de la quebrada La Riqueza, 3°36’N, 76°53.541’W, 686 m, 10 January 2013, Alvear et al. 1541 (CAS, COL). Illustration:— Fig. 20. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Local and uncommon in the cloud forests of Valle department in Colombia, in the area known as “Alto Anchicayá”. Also known from Cerro Torrá in the department of Chocó (Fig. 14). These are wet zones which form part of the Chocó, at 600–1150 m. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in February. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the conspicuous formicarium at the blade base adaxially, a unique character among species of the Octopleura clade and otherwise known in the genus Tococa and a few other species of Miconia in the Miconieae. Discussion:— This species is readily recognized by the conspicuous formicarium on the foliar bases adaxially. Miconia formicaria is sister to M. bractiflora. Both of these species have conspicuously bracteate multiflorous thyrsoid inflorescences with secund congested flowers. No populations of the latter are known to produce formicaria. The formicaria in this species can be considered secondary because they are leaf derived. Foliar formicaria are the most common type of ant-domatia among Melastomataceae (Michelangeli 2010). Several hypothesis have been proposed for explaining the function of these structures, including protection against herbivory and as a source of nutrients from ants wastes (especially nitrogen), but these remain to be tested for most species. In Michelangeli's (2010) artificial key to myrmecophilous Melastomataceae, this species would be included in Subkey 4 (domatia at the apex of the petiole, or the base of the leaf blade), and would key out in the first couplet (domatia formed by saccate ascidia). The presence of formicaria in this species shows that they might be more common in the tribe Miconieae than expected, and confirms that they have evolved independently across distinct lineages of the Melastomataceae. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). Protected inside the Farallones National Park, in a pristine trail of the “Alto Anchicayá”, located in the western slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes in Valle, Colombia. The flora of this natural zone is related to that of northwestern Ecuador. However, based on current data this species appears to be endemic to Colombia. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 81, Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Michelangeli, F. A. (2010) Neotropical myrmecophylous Melastomataceae: An annotated list and key. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences Series 4, 61 (9): 409 - 449."]}

7. Miconia atropurpurea Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Melastoma purpurea Pavón, Mss. Clidemia purpurea Pav. ex Don (1823: 308). Type: ECUADOR (In Peruviâ). Guayaquil (In Huayaquil), 1899, Tafalla s.n. (not Pavón s.n.) (holotype: BM; isotypes: F-internet image!, MA). Nec Miconia purpurea (Don) Judd & Skean (1991: 62). Clidemia cyanocarpa Bentham (1844: 94). Type: ECUADOR-COLOMBIA border (Grenada), Tumaco, December 1836, Barclay 879 (holotype: K-internet image!; isotype: BM-internet image!). Clidemia haughtii Wurdack (1960: 238–239). Type: COLOMBIA. Dept. Santander: vicinity of Puerto Berrio between Carare and Magdalena rivers, headwaters of Dorada Creek, 12 km Sof Raizudo, 300 m, 6 May 1937, Haught 2193 (holotype: US-internet image!; isotypes: NY-internet image!, COL-internet image!). Suffrutescent diffusely branched herb or shrub 0.5–4 m tall. Upper internodes [3.1–7.1(–9.3) cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, pedicels, bracts, bracteoles, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth densely to moderately composed of brownish sessile or thinly stipitate dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms, typically copiously to sparsely intermixed with elongate SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 57 smooth trichomes 1–3 mm long occasionally early caducous. Leaves of each pair notably anisophyllous in size (ca. 1:2), some pairs more or less isophyllous; the petiole 0.4–2 cm long, canaliculate adaxially and shallowly to moderately grooved abaxially; larger blades 10–14(–22) × 5–7 cm, smaller blades 4–7 × 2.5–3.5 cm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, the base broadly acute to obtuse and slightly oblique, the margin ciliate (cilia to 1 mm) or eciliate, distantly undulate-serrulate, the apex short-acuminate to acuminate, membranaceous; mature leaves adaxially sparsely strigose with red-pink elongate smooth trichomes 1.5–3 mm long or glabrous, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface typically flushed red-purple, sparsely strigillose with redpink elongate smooth trichomes 0.5–1 mm long to glabrescent, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrescent; 5- or 7-nerved to 5- or 7-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins separating asymmetrically from the primary vein at ca. 0.3 cm above the base, areolae 0.5–1 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins flat. Inflorescences a pseudolateral group of few-flowered modified dichasia 2–3 cm long, sessile or including a peduncle to 0.25 cm long, branching poorly developed with two to three paracladia from a short axis, borne on the upper foliar nodes; bracts 0.2–0.4 × 0.25 mm, bracteoles 0.3–0.5 × 0.25 mm, minute, lanceolate and shortly aristate at the apex, commonly early deciduous at anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, subsessile or on pedicels 0.3–0.4 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.9–3.2 × 1.5–1.7 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.7–2 mm long, suburceolate, bluntly 10-ribbed, red to purple, the dendritic trichomes sparse and early caducous, the elongate smooth trichomes 1–1.3 mm long persistent and spreading, ridged on the inner surface, along with the torus minutely and densely glandular adaxially, the glands rounded and sessile, the torus (adaxially) rarely glabrous. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube ca. 0.2 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthia abaxially; lobes 0.3–0.5 × ca. 1 mm, oblate, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex obtuse, copiously papillose adaxially; exterior calyx teeth 0.1–0.15 mm long, minute, bluntly conic and aristate, inserted at the basal half of the calyx lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals 1.3–1.6(–1.8) × 1.2–1.5 mm, broadly obovate to suborbicular, the margin entire, the apex obtuse to slightly truncate, white, densely papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.5–2 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5–1.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm, linear-oblong and moderately subulate, obtuse at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, cream to light yellow at anthesis; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.25–0.35 mm long, the appendage orbicular, obtuse at the apex, moderately gland-edged and sparsely beset with minute sessile rounded glands also present throughout the connective. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, 1.2–1.5 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.35 mm in diameter, truncate to slightly depressed, densely glandular-puberulent; style 3.5–4 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded truncate when dry. Berries 4.11–4.4 × 4.24–4.9 mm when dry, globose and somewhat oblate, initially red, turning red-purple and ultimately blue when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum somewhat persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.33–0.57 × 0.17–0.19 mm, ovoid, angled, light-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 60–70% larger than the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, occasionally also expanding along the chalazal side beyond the highest point of the seed, dark-brown; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries inconspicuous; periclinal walls flat, microrelief punctate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: (San José del Palmar-Nóvita), Alrededores del campamento de Curundó, fin de la carretera en construcción cerca al Río Ingará, 450 m, 30 August 1976, Forero et al. 2370 (COL, MO); Río San Juan just above Istmina, 100 m, 14 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17652 (MO, US); Río Mutatá, tributary of Río El Valle, between base of Alto Buey and mouth of river, 100–150 m, 9 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17473 (COL, MO, NY, US); Río Mutatá, tributary of Río El Valle, between base of Alto Buey and mouth of river, 100–150 m, 7 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17299 (COL, MO, NY); Vicinity of Bahia Solano on steep slopes Sof town, 5°13’N, 76°20’W, 50 m, 14 March 1984, Croat 57439 (US); (Bahía Solano), 13 February 1947, Haught 5572 (US). Valle: (Buenaventura), Vereda Bellavista, P.N.N. Farallones, Sector Bajo Anchicayá, Zona en cercanías de la Draga, 3°36.906’N, 76°54.107’W, 225 m, 11 January 2013, Alvear et al. 1568 (CAS, COL). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: (Quininde), The Mache-Chindul Ecological R., Bilsa Biological Station, Mache mountains, 35 km Wof Quinindé, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 500 m, 6 January 1997, Clark et al. 3749 (MO, NY, QCNE); (San José de Cayapas), 0°52’N, 78°57’W, 80 m, 2 September 1980, Holm-Nielsen et al. 25680 (MO, NY, QCA, QNA); (San José de Cayapas), 0°52’N, 78°57’W, 80 m, 2 September 1980, Holm-Nielsen et al. 25625 (CAS, F, MO); Río San Miguel, one hour upstream from San Miguel de Cayapas, 0°43’N, 78°52’W, 220 m, 1 September 58 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA 1980, Holm-Nielsen et al. 25501 (MO, QCA, QNA); (San José de Cayapas), 0°52’N, 78°57’W, 80 m, 2 September 1980, Holm-Nielsen et al. 25640 (QCA, QNA, US); (Quinindé), Bilsa Biological Station, Montañas de Mache, 35 km Wof Quinindé, 5 km Wof Santa Isabel, Dogola Trails, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 400–600 m, 6 December 1994, Baas & Pitman 284 (QCNE, US). Guayas: Río Daule below Pichincha, Hacienda Santa Barbarita, 18 April 1959, Harling 4733 (MO). Los Ríos: Río Palenque B.R., Km, 56 Rd, Quevedo-Sto Domingo, 150–220 m, 24 November 1979, Schupp 60 (F); Río Palenque B.R., Sendero 3 and 4, 0°35’37"S, 79°21’44"W, 215 m, 5 February 2009, Stern & Tepe 359 (NY); Río Palenque B.R., Halfway between Quevedo and Santo Domingo, 200 m, 4 October 1976, Gentry & Dodson 17975 (MO); Río Palenque B.R., Halfway between Quevado and Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 200 m, 13 February 1974, Gentry 9906 (MO, US); Río Palenque B.R., Km 56 Quevedo to Sto, Domingo, 220 m, 11 December 1971, Dodson & McMahon 4253 (MO); (Santo Domingo), Río Palenque B.R., km 56 Quevedo-Santo Domingo, 150–220 m, 5 September 1972, Dodson & McMahon 5098 (US). Manabí: Chone- Santo Domingo road, near Río La Morena ca. 15 km NNE of Flavio Alfaro, 100 m, 7 May 1980, Harling & Andersson 18906 (F, US); (Flavio Alfaro), Road Sto Domingo-Chone, 100 m, 11 May 1968, Harling et al. 9431 (F, MO, US). Pichincha: Road La Unión del Toachi-San Francisco de las Pampas, km 3., 1100–1200 m, 19 March 1985, Harling & Andersson 23133 (NY, US); Right side of Río Toachi opposite Alluriquin, 800–900 m, 20 March 1985, Harling & Andersson 23175 (CAS); On ridge c, 10 km Eof Patricia Pilar, 0.3°S, 79.16°W, 300 m, 20 July 1978, Webster et al. 22771 (US); Virgin forest along Río Toachi near santo Domingo, 700 m, 3 August 1962, Jávita & Epling 334 (NY, US); Carretera Quito-Chiriboga-Empalme, km 92, desvio a Mulaulte, en borde del carretero y en quebrada de Mulaulte, 0°15’S, 78°50’W, 1200–1300 m, 13 December 1987, Zak & Jaramillo 3182 (MO); (Santo Domingo), Centinela, 12 km Eof Patricia Pilar, Along path on ridge line, 600 m, 23 August 1978, Dodson et al. 7216 (MO, US); 31 km from Santo Domingo de los Colorados towards Quito, 925 m, 3 December 1970, Ellenberg 3117 (US); Tinalandia, Property of Hotel Tinalandia, 9.6 km Eof Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Sof hwy to Aloag & Quito, above Río Toachi, 0°16’S, 79°7’W, 700 m, 3 April 1983, Croat 55692 (MO); ca. 10 km from Santo Domingo de los Colorados, property of Tinlandia, 10 May 1980, Sobel & Strudwick 2334 (CAS, NY). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Uncommon to occasional in coastal to montane primary and secondary rain forests, in deep shade and along creeks, along the Pacific Andean slope of Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 12), at 50–1300 m. Phenology:— Collected in flower from December through April, and from August through October; in fruit from November through May, and from July through September. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the dark purple color present throughout this species (indumentum, hypanthium, leaves abaxially, and berries). Discussion:— Miconia atropurpurea, although distinct, is often difficult to distinguish from its close relatives. This is reflected in the fact that most of the specimens of this species have been determined as Clidemia cf. or aff. purpurea, or confused with M. quinquenervia or M. reitziana. The latter species has distinctive leaf bases decurrent on the petiole. Although M. atropurpurea is sister to M. neocoronata on the basis of molecular data, M. atropurpurea and M. reitziana are convergent in their dense vegetative pubescence of pink-red smooth trichomes that are present on both foliar surfaces and hypanthia, and in their inflorescence architecture (groups of modified dichasia). The material from Colombia is the most difficult to interpret, where the two species (M. atropurpurea and M. reitziana) co-occur in the department of Chocó, and are very similar vegetatively (variation in leaf shape and slight to moderate anisophylly), as well as in hypanthium and calyx color at anthesis and maturity (red or pink). However M. atropurpurea has a slightly wider hypanthium at the torus level (1.5–1.7 mm vs. 1–1.2 mm), which is suburceolate to campanulate (vs. subcylindric to campanulate). More importantly, M. atropurpurea lacks the characteristic hypanthial resinous-glandular vestiture present in M. reitziana. In the former it consists of rustyasperous and elongate trichomes. It also lacks the densely to sparsely ciliate torus (vs. sessile-glandular to glabrous). On the other hand, the elongate smooth trichomes in M. atropurpurea seem to be very variable in quantity and location as noted by Wurdack (1980). We agree with Wurdack (1980) who considered Clidemia cyanocarpa and C. haughtii to be conspecific with M. atropurpurea. However, indumentum details (especially of the hypanthia and torus) of these two named species will need to be examined when better topotypical material becomes available for study. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 59 Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). In Colombia it is protected in Farallones National Park (Valle). In Ecuador it is protected in the Río Palenque Private Reserve (Los Ríos), in the Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve (Esmeraldas), and may also be in the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve. Considered Vulnerable is previous assessments due to a geographical range that is apparently smaller than 20000 km ² (but AOO ≤ 500 km 2 from this study) and to massive alteration of its habitat over the last 50 years. Apart from habitat destruction, no specific threats are known (Cotton & Pitman 2004)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Don, D. (1823) An illustration of the natural family of plants called Melastomaceae. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 4: 276 - 329.","Judd, W. S. & Skean, J. (1991) Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae IV. Generic realignments among terminal-flowered taxa. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Biological Sciences 36 (2): 25 - 84.","Bentham, G. (1844) Melastomaceae. In: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (Eds.) Botany of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur. Smith, Elder and Co, London, pp. 93 - 97.","Wurdack, J. J. (1960) Certamen Melastomataceis VI. Phytologia 7 (5): 233 - 244.","Wurdack, J. J. (1980) 138. Melastomataceae. In: Harling, G. & Sparre, B. (Eds.) Flora of Ecuador Vol. 13. University of Goteborg & Swedish Museum of Natural History, Goteborg & Stockholm, Sweden, 406 pp.","Cotton, E. & Pitman, N. (2004) Melastomataceae. In: Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Leon-Yanez, S. & Jorgensen, P. M. (Eds.) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 1 February 2012)."]}

11. Miconia boekei (Wurdack 1978b: 9–10) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Ossaea boekei Wurdack. Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Azuay: Jesús María–Molleturo road, about 10 km from Guayas border, ca. 1100 m, 16 July 1977, Boeke & Loyola 2171 (holotype: US!; isotypes: MO!, NY-internet image!). Subshrub or shrub (1.5–) 3–5 m tall, sparingly branched. Upper internodes compressed-rounded, (1–) 5.7–8.4 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth copiously covered with whitish elongate moderately roughened trichomes to 1 mm long, each trichome claviform and somewhat thickened, copiously intermixed with a whitish understory of single-tiered lepidote trichomes 0.15–0.23 mm in diameter with the radii nearly completely fused. Leaves of each pair typically equal in size; petiole 2–3 cm long, canaliculate and depressed adaxially, quadrate-grooved abaxially; blades 18–30 × 7–13 cm, elliptic, the base acute, the margin obscurely undulate-serrulate, the apex shortly to abruptly acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially with surface and primary vein at first sparsely covered with the whitish lepidote general trichomes but soon becoming glabrous, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface, essentially glabrous with age, with caducous lepidote trichomes similar to those on the adaxial surface, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely beset with short-stalked glands 0.1 mm long with thin-walled short heads to glabrescent; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging asymmetrically from the primary vein 1.5–3 cm above the base, areolae 0.5–0.7 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, adaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete toward the base, the tertiary and higher order veins flat. Inflorescences an axillary dithyrsoid 5–8 cm long, including a peduncle 0.5–1 cm long, occasionally the lateral branches of the SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 67 dichasia with secund flowers, divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, paired among the upper leaves; bracts and bracteoles 1.5–2 × 1.8–2.2 mm, broadly ovate, the margins sparsely denticulate, acute to aristulate at the apex, concave, with conspicuous parallel venation, the indumentum caducous, the bracts somewhat spreading, the bracteoles erect, occasionally alternately positioned along the inflorescence branchlets, both persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, subsessile or on pedicels 0.3–2 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.3–2.9 × 2–2.2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.9–1.2 mm long, subcylindric becoming globose in fruit, obscurely 10-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus sparsely and minutely resinous-glandular adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.3–0.5 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.5–0.7 × 0.8–1 mm, oblong-triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, glabrescent abaxially; exterior calyx teeth to 1 mm long at anthesis, conic-thick, inserted inframarginally and not projecting beyond the lobes. Petals 5–5.8 × 1.7–2.1 mm, oblong-lanceolate, the margin entire, the apex acute, cream to white, glabrous adaxially, abaxially with a copious squamate-stellate central band of lepidote trichomes with only partially fused radii, reflexed at anthesis but often appearing somewhat erect when dry. Stamens 10; filaments 2–2.5 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, oblong, somewhat clavate and emarginate at the apex, opening by two dorsally inclined pores 0.15 mm in diameter; connective darker than the thecae when dry, its prolongation and appendage 0.3–0.5 mm long, the appendage deltoid to somewhat spatulate, obtuse-rounded at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands conspicuously stalked and rounded, the stalks linear to subulate to 0.2 mm long, the connective also somewhat prolonged and gland-edged but unappendaged ventro-basally. Ovary (6-) 7-locular, completely inferior, 1.4–1.7 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.25 mm in diameter, truncate, sparsely glandular-granulose; style 6.5–7 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded truncate at anthesis. Berries 4–4.3 × 5–5.2 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, initially pale green, ripening orange, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.43–0.48 × 0.17–0.2 mm, ovoid, angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone sublinear, nearly as long as the seed, somewhat ventrally expanded toward the micropyle; appendage absent but a small protuberance may be present; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief inconspicuously striate. Additional specimens studied:— ECUADOR. Azuay / Cañar: Manta Real, Río Patul, Sde la carretera La Troncal-Zhud, camino entre Zhucay y Río Patul en la base de los Andes, Trocha subiendo el piedemonte hasta 1200 m, atrás (E) del pueblo Manta Real, 2°33’S, 79°20’W, 450–800 m, 13 July 1991, Foster & Mitsui 13553 (F, QCA). El Oro: Hacienda Buanventura, 12 km W Piñas on road to Machala, 3°48’S, 79°46’W, 900 m, 25 February 1991, Kessler 2553 (US). Esmeraldas: (Quininde), Estación Biológica Bilsa, Carretera Herrera-El Páramo (Sat, Isabel), 0°21’36"N, 79°42’40.4"W, 580 m, 18 February 1995, Palacios et al. 13565 (MO); (Quininde), Estación Biológica Bilsa, Carretera Herrera-El Páramo (Sat, Isabel), 0°21’36"N, 79°42’40.4"W, 580 m, 18 February 1995, Palacios et al. 13572 (MO); (Quininde), Mache-Chindul Ecological R., Bilsa Biological Station, Mache Mountains, 35 km Wof Quinindé, Ramon Loor's property, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 500 m, 22 October 1996, Clark 3076 (MO); R.B. Bilsa, Sendero Amarillo, 0°20’49"N, 79°42’41"W, 540 m, 13 February 2009, Stern & Tepe 399 (CAS); (Quininde), Bilsa Biological Station, Montañas de Mache, 35 km Wof Quinindé, 5 km Wof Santa Isabel, Nbearing border of R., between the Station road and the E-bearing border crossing the Río Cube, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 400–600 m, 23 September 1994, Baas & Clark 59 (MO); (Quininde), Mache-Chindul Ecological R., Bilsa Biological Station, Mache Mountains, 35 km Wof Quinindé, 5 km Wof Santa Isabel, Near permanent plot #1, 0°21’N, 79°44’W, 500 m, 6 February 1996, Clark et al. 1960 (MO, QCNE, US). Los Ríos: (Quevedo), Cerro Centinela, el Mirador, A 12 km al Ede Patricia Pilar y Centro Cientifico Río Palenque, 0°37’S, 79°18’W, 540 m, 3 June 1990, Rubio & Alverson 410 (QCNE, US). Los Ríos-Pichincha: Path following ridge line at El Centinela at crest of Montanas de Olla on road from Patricia Pilar to 24 de Mayo at km 12, Patricia Pilar is at km 45 on road from Sto Domingo to Quevedo, 600 m, 28 July 1979, Dodson et al. 8611 (MO, US); Path following ridge line at El Centinela at crest of Montanas de Olla on road from Patricia Pilar to 24 de Mayo at km 12, Patricia Pilar is at km 45 on road from Sto Domingo to Quevedo, 600 m, 6 February 1979, Dodson 7390 (MO). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Endemic to Ecuador where it is rare in primary or secondary cloud and premontane wet forests and disturbed sites throughout the western foothills of the Ecuadorean Andes (Fig. 13), at 400–1100 m. 68 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in February, from June through July, and from September through October. Etymology:— The specific epithet is dedicated to the collector of the type, Jef D. Boeke, a molecular biologist and geneticist, currently at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Discussion:— This species is readily recognized by the dense claviform-thickened vegetative indumentum that also covers the hypanthium and calyx, markedly asymmetrical plinervation, and conspicuous bracteoles that are occasionally present subalternately around the ultimate dichasial branching of the inflorescence. In the protologue, Wurdack suggested that it is closest is M. variabilis, a species with somewhat similar foliar plinervation and laxly reticulate and elevated foliar veins abaxially. Apart from the deflexed gland-edged dorso-basal staminal connective appendage and the conspicuous hypanthial ribs (synapomorphies for the entire Octopleura clade); these two species do not seem to have much else in common morphologically. Miconia boekei is sister to M. neomicrantha (Fig. 1), a species with very different vegetative indumentum and overall general appearance. Another close relative is M. albertobrenesii, as noted by Wurdack (1978b), which differs in having shorter vegetative and floral indumentum, foliar areoles more densely arranged (0.2–0.3 mm in M. albertobrenesii vs. 0.5–0.7 mm), plinervation asymmetrical but less striking (0.6–1.2 cm vs. 1.5–3 cm), and different berry color at maturity (white vs. orange). Both M. albertobrenesii and M. boekii have a similar anther shape (rather clavate-emarginate) and ovaries that are occasionally 6-locular. Based on available collections, the northernmost occurrence of this species is in the southwest part of the Esmeraldas province. The southernmost is in the central-south of El Oro province. This distribution suggests that the range of this species is definitely centered in Ecuador, because the aforementioned points are far removed from the Colombian and Peruvian borders. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). It was considered Vulnerable in previous assessments (Cotton & Pitman 2004). In northern Ecuador, at least one population is protected inside the Reserva Ecológica Mache-Chindul (Esmeraldas). Three specimens are housed in Ecuadorian herbaria: Clark et al. 1960 (QCNE), Foster & Mitsui 13553 (QCA), Rubio & Alverson 510 (QCNE). Habitat destruction is the only known threat.

30. Miconia sessilis Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Oxymeris sessilifolia Triana (1871: 93). Leandra sessilifolia (Triana) Cogniaux (1886b: 75). Ossaea sessilifolia (Triana) Wurdack (1973a: 407). Type: COLOMBIA. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 127 Nariño (Prov. Barbacoas), versus littus maris Pacifici, May 1853, Triana 4075 (holotype: BM-internet image!; isotype: COL-internet image!). Nec Miconia sessilifolia Naudin (1850: 181). Ossaea grandifolia Gleason (1925: 457). Type: COLOMBIA. Dept. Valle: Cordoba, Dagua valley, 80–100 m, 6 May 1922, Killip 5120 (holotype: NY-internet image!; isotype: PH-internet image!). Shrub or little-branched small tree 1.5–5 m tall. Upper internodes compressed-rounded (1.3–) 6.7–12.9 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent but each node with a pair of conspicuous short appendages under the petioles. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial surface and primary vein of young leaves, abaxial surface, primary and secondary leaf veins, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes, calyx teeth, and petals abaxially copiously to moderately and caducously covered with brownish-translucent dendritic trichomes 0.05–0.08 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; petiole 0.3–0.7 cm long, adaxially canaliculate, abaxially shallowly grooved; blades 17.5–38 × 6.7–17.7 cm, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-ovate, the base acute to attenuate and conspicuously decurrent on the petiole, the margin obscurely denticulate, the apex short-acuminate to acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially (including primary and secondary veins) glabrescent, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface yellowish-green, occasionally flushed purple, soon glabrous, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging asymmetrically from the primary vein 3–5 cm above the base, areolae 4–5 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated, canaliculate to terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated to flat. Inflorescences an erect pseudolateral multiflorous dithyrsoid 13–27 cm long, including a rounded-quadrate peduncle 3.6–7 cm long, laxly and divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, the rachis green-yellowish to pink-purple; bracts and bracteoles 0.8–1 × 0.35–0.5 mm, subulate and concave, the bracts spreading, the bracteoles somewhat erect, subpersistent at anthesis. Flowers 4-merous sessile to subsessile, pedicels less than 0.2 mm long when present. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.5–1.9 × 1.6 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.7–0.9 mm long, campanulate to subglobose, bluntly 8-ribbed, green-yellowish to red-purplish, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially sparsely resinous-glandular. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, light pink-purplish; tube (0.1–) 0.2–0.5 mm long, glabrous adaxially and with the same vestiture as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 1.1–1.3 × 1.5 mm, broadly triangular and somewhat spreading, the margin obscurely undulate, the apex bluntly acute; exterior calyx teeth 0.2–0.3 mm long, tuberculiform, inserted half way up the calyx lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals 1.8–2 × 1 mm, lanceolate, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, whitish to pale pink, glabrous adaxially, the abaxial indumentum more abundant toward the apex, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1–1.1 × 0.25 mm, white, yellowish, glabrous; anther thecae 1.6–1.7 × 0.5 mm, oblong-obovate, emarginate at the apex, opening by two dorsally inclined pores 0.15 mm in diameter, yellowish; connective yellowish, its prolongation and appendage 0.6–0.7 mm long, the appendage subulate-triangular, bluntly acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged throughout the connective and on both sides of its prolongation and appendage, the glands with linear to subulate stalks. Ovary 4-locular, completely inferior, 0.9–1.1 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.2–0.3 × 0.4 mm, conic, sparsely glandular-puberulent to glabrous; style 4–4.2 mm long at anthesis, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white to cream, glabrous; stigma expanded truncate. Berries 4–7 × 4 mm when dry, globose-oblate, at first green, then turning green-yellow to orange and ultimately ripening red-orange, the hypanthium indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.4–0.43 × 0.19–0.21 mm, ovoid, angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 90% to nearly as long as the seed, somewhat ventrally expanded toward the micropyle; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries (some channeled, others raised), undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed, microrelief verrucose. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Cauca: (Guapi), P.N.N. Isla Gorgona, 30 May 1986, Lozano & Rangel 5044 (CAS, COL); (Guapi), P.N.N. Isla Gorgona, Camino a Pablo VI y cabo Hornos, 30–50 m, 4 June 1986, Lozano & Rangel 5256 (COL, US); (Guapi), P.N.N. Gorgona, Alto de Los Micos, 8 September 1987, Lozano & Rangel 5699 (COL, MO); Río Naya near El Pastico, 3.1°N, 77.22°W, 20–100 m, 23 February 1983, Gentry & Juncosa 40607 (MO, US); Gorgona Island, Eside of Gorgona Island, 50–100 m, 11 February 1939, Killip & García 33186 (US). Chocó: (Nuquí), Alto de Buey, 1000 m, 8 June 1940, von Sneidern A.41 (US); (Istmina), Alto Río San Juan, estribaciones de los Cerros La Mojarra, 100–120 m, 26 June 1983, Espina et al. 1386 (CHOCO, MO, US); Banks of Quebrada Togoromá, 13 June 1944, Killip & Cuatrecasas 39147 (US); (Cabo Corrientes), Río 128 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Parguera, at foot of Janano mountain, 50–100 m, 27 May 1974, Warner 300 (F, MO); Serranía del Baudó, Along road between Las Animas and Río Pato, along valley of Río Animas, 5 km from beginning of road, 5°16’N, 76°41’W, 100 m, 17 April 1983, Croat 56042 (MO); Serranía del Baudó, Along road between Las Animas and Río Pato, along valley of Río Animas, 5 km from beginning of road, 5°16’N, 76°41’W, 100 m, 17 April 1983, Croat 56047 (US); (Quibdó) Pacurita, Corporación Michitá, Estación Ambiental Pandó, Sendero Ecológico, 5.69°N, - 71.61°W, 90 m, 25 January 2012, Almedaet al. 10390 (CAS, CHOCO, COL). Nariño: (Barbacoas), El Diviso, A 27 km del Diviso, quebrada La Angosta margen izquierdo de la carretera via Diviso-Tumaco, 650 m, March 1995, Fernández 12500 (COL, US). Putumayo: (Mocoa), San Antonio, Alto Campucana, Finca la Mariposa, Vertiente amazónica de Colombia, 1°12’N, 76°38’W, 1350–1420 m, 20 April 1994, Fernández et al. 11038 (COL, NY). Valle: (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel, Carretera a Juanchaco 6 km de la portada, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 23 August 1986, Monsalve 1071 (CAS, CUVC, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, alongroad between Buenaventura and Malaga, at km 51.3, deep gorge, 4°9’N, 77°11’W, Croat 71021 (CAS, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel, 3°55’N, 77°, 100 m, 23 August 1984, Monsalve 228 (CAS, CUVC, MO); Río Calima, Quebrada de La Brea, 30–40 m, 19 May 1946, Schultes & Villareal 7352 (US); Costa del Pacífico, Río Yurumanguí, Veneral, 5–50 m, 28 January 1944, Cuatrecasas 15711 (F, US); Puerto Merizalde, Costa del Pacífico, Río Naya, 5–20 m, 20 February 1943, Cuatrecasas 13984 (F); (Córdoba), 50–100 m, 17 February 1939, Killip & García 33429 (NY); La Trojita, Río Calima (región del Chocó), 5–50 m, 19 February 1944, Cuatrecasas 16540 (F, NY); Silva, Costa del Pacífico, Río Cajambre, 5–80 m, 5 May 1944, Cuatrecasas 17420 (F, NY); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Along road between Buenaventura and Malaga, at km 31.5, 4°1’N, 77°5’W, Croat & Watt 70277 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, 100 m, 11 March 1986, Monsalve 957 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, within Forestry Concession of Cartón de Colombia, between Buenaventura and Río Calima, 6.3 km Nof Frente La Brea, km 18 on main road, about 6 km SE of village of San Isidro on Río Calima, 4°2’N, 77°3’W, 50 m, 7 July 1986, Croat 61307 (MO); Bajo Calima Region, Road to Juanchaco Palmeras, 3°55’N, 77°2’W, 100 m, 10 July 1984, Gentry et al. 47817 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Concesión Pulpapel, Carretera a San Isidro, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 30 September 1987, Monsalve 1860 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, ca 10 km due Nof Buenaventura, carton de Colombia Concession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, 50 m, 5 December 1981, Gentry 35348 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Vicinity of Buenaventura, along road from Buenaventura to Málaga, km 11 at Pulpapel headquarters, 3°56’N, 77°0’W, 130 m, 10 July 1993, Croat & Bay 75610 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, within forestry Concession of Cartón de Colombia, between Buenaventura and Río Calima, 6.5 km beyond Porton tomar (at km 27), 22.3 km beyond Camp Portada Pulpapel, 33.3 km beyond main Cali-Buenaventura Hwy, 4°2’N, 77°7’W, 50 m, 8 July 1986, Croat 61367 (MO, US); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Road to Juanchaco Palmeras, 3°55’N, 77°2’W, 100 m, 10 July 1984, Gentry et al. 47824 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Conseción Pulpapel / Buenaventura, Carretera La Gasolina PD12, 3°55’N, 77°’W, 100 m, 1 September 1987, Monsalve 1692 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Carton de Colombia lumber concession area, Carretera Gasolina 6 km Sof main road between Cali-Buenaventura hwy and Canalete, 1 km Wof Carretera Gasolina, 3°56’0"N, 77°7’30"W, 50–80 m, 19 July 1988, Croat 69392 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Granja Agroforestal, 40 m, 14 December 1984, Devia 461 (MO, TULV); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 31 August 1984, Monsalve 321 (CUVC, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima Region, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 76°58’W, 100 m, 20 July 1984, Gentry & Monsalve 48401 (MO, US); (Buenaventura), San Isidro, Quebrada Ordoñez, 40 m, 6 March 1989, Devia & Prado 2670 (TULV, US). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: (San Lorenzo), R. Indígena Awá, Cañón del Río Mira, 10 km al Wde Alto Tambo, Comunidad "La Union", 1°2’N, 78°26’W, 250 m, 16 March 1997, Rubio et al. 1239 (MO, QCNE, US). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— This is a locally common to infrequent species in primary and secondary rainforests and disturbed sites, growing along streams, on steep slopes or at forest margins, in the lowlands of the Biogeographic Chocó in Colombia, and with one record from Esmeraldas (Ecuador) (Fig. 17), at 5–1000 (1420) m, but more common between 5–250 m. In Colombia it has been most commonly collected in the Bajo Calima area (Valle), with populations in the departments of Chocó and Cauca (Isla Gorgona). Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit from December through September. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 129 Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the distinctive sessile leaves of this species. Discussion:— This species is distinct in its leaf blades that are long decurrent on the petioles, striking asymmetrical plinervation, 4-merous flowers, and petals that are puberulent-dendritic abaxially. Miconia laxivenula, its sister species, has similar lax abaxial foliar reticulation, leaf bases somewhat decurrent on the petiole, and 4-merous flowers. The latter differs primarily in its vegetative vestiture (squamate-amorphous). Moreover, M. sessilis has a distinctly lobed calyx (broadly triangular vs. depressed-rounded) and smaller petals. Also close is M. variabilis, which differs in the much denser tertiary/intertertiary reticulation (areoles ca. 0.2 mm wide), much denser cauline and inflorescence pubescence, and 5-merous flowers. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii) following IUCN criteria (AOO). However, a status of Vulnerable VU is warranted because it occurs in some protected areas within its range. Protected in Colombia in the Isla Gorgona National Park (Cauca), and in the Pandó Environmental Station (Chocó). In Ecuador it is protected in the Awá Indigenous Reserve (Esmeradas)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 127-130, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 28: 1 - 188.","Cogniaux, A. (1886 b) Melastomataceae. In: de Martius, C. F. P. & Eichler, A. G. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis Vol. 14, Part 4. Lipsiae apud Frid. Fleischer in Comm. Monachii, pp. 1 - 209.","Wurdack, J. J. (1973 a) Certamen Melastomataceis XXII. Phytologia 26 (6): 397 - 409.","Gleason, H. A. (1925) Studies on the flora of northern South America VIII. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 52 (8): 447 - 460. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2480407"]}

15. Miconia evanescens (Almeda 2004: 98–101) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Clidemia evanescens Almeda. Type: PANAMA. Coclé Prov.: Forested slopes above El Cope along abandoned road leading to the Continental Divide, 700–850 m, 25 February 1988, Almedaet al. 5933 (holotype: CAS!; isotypes: INB-internet image!, MO!, NY!, PMA-internet image!, US-internet image!). Subshrub or shrub 0.5–4 m tall, occasionally forming thickets, scraggly branched, the branches often pendant, bark red-purple to brown. Upper internodes [(1–) 2–2.9 cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. 76 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial surface of young leaves, primary, secondary, tertiary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes, and exterior calyx teeth copiously to moderately covered with whitish dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.15 mm long with short to moderately long thinwalled (flattened) arms, each trichome clavate and somewhat thickened. Leaves of each pair somewhat anisophyllous in size at maturity, one leaf of a pair commonly early deciduous, the phyllotaxy thus appearing pseudoalternate; the semiterete petioles 1.5–4.7 cm long, adaxially canaliculate, green-brownish; larger blades (8.5–)13–28 × (5–) 6–14 cm, smaller leaves 4–12.2 × 2–4.8 cm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, the base obtuse to rounded, the margin entire to slightly sinuate, the apex acuminate to caudate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrescent, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface along with the tertiary and higher order veins copiously beset with minute resinous sessile to short-stalked glands ca. 0.05 mm long with thin-walled short heads; 5- or 7-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, areolae 0.2–0.25 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated to flat. Inflorescences typically an axillary cluster of dichasia, or terminal with both lateral buds at a node elongating and overtopping the inflorescence (pseudolateral), 1–2.5(–4.7) cm long, sessile, typically poorly branched with multiple axes arising from a common point (fascicle-like) at the base, occasionally appearing as a short and multiflorous thyrsoid, commonly paired, the rachis light green; bracts and bracteoles 1.5–3 × 1–2 mm, triangular, thick, spreading, persistent in fruit. Flowers 4-(5-) merous on pedicels 0.5–1 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 3.1–3.5 × 1–1.2 mm, completely free but tightly enveloping the ovary, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly 8-ribbed, light green, ridged on the inner surface, along with the torus adaxially densely and minutely glandular, the glands sessile and rounded. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, light green; tube obsolete; lobes 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm, oblong-triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, brownish at the margin, reflexed at anthesis; calyx teeth 0.5–1.2 mm long, subulate, inserted at the apical half of the calyx lobes and spreading beyond them. Petals 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 mm, obovate-oblong, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse to slightly emarginate, white to translucent white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis and early deciduous. Stamens 8; filaments 1.5 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5 × 0.5 mm, linear-oblong, more or less truncate to somewhat emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter, yellow or white; connective white, its prolongation and appendage 0.5 mm long, the appendage oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute to obtuse at the apex, copiously glandedged with short-stalked glands to 0.15 mm long with thin-walled short heads. Ovary 4-locular, completely superior but tightly enveloped by the hypanthium, ca. 2.5 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.25 mm, conic, copiously glandular-puberulent; style 6 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to capitellate. Berries 6 × 6 mm when dry, globose, green, then bright orange to reddish when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.54–0.62 × 0.27–0.33 mm, pyramidal, brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point toward the chalazal side, with a foot-like projection at the chalazal end; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone circular to suboblong, ca. 50–60% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled or raised, irregularly curved; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate. Chromosome number: n=17. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Cauca: (Isla Gorgona), 152 m, 7 October 1924, “St. George” Expedition 526 (F). Chocó: Nridge of Alto Buey, premontane rain forest, E-SW of El Valle, 500–1150 m, 8 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17363 (US). Nariño: R.N. La Planada, 7 km above Chucunes (along road between Tuquerres and Ricaurte) along trail to El Hondón, beginning at Quebrada Tejón and for 0.5 km beyond, 1°8’N, 77°54’W, 780–800 m, 15 March 1990, Croat 71473 (MO, US); La Planada B.R., ca. 7 km Sof Chucunes, along trail to Pialapi beyond Quebrada La Calledita, 1°10’N, 77°55’W, 1800–1900 m, 8 August 1990, Luteyn & Sylva 13943 (CAS); La Planada B.R., 7 km above Chucunes on road between Tuquerres and Ricaurte, above “La Posada” building, 1780 m, 27 July 1988, Croat 69609 (US); Trail from la Planada to Pielapi, 1°4’N, 78°2’W, 1600–1800 m, 22 July 1988, Gentry et al. 63589 (US); La Planada, Trail to El Hondón, 6–12 km SW of La Planada, 1°4’N, 78°2’W, 1750–1800 m, 5 January 1988, Gentry et al. 60383 (US); La Planada B.R., Near Ricaurte, 1°5’N, 78°1’W, 1800 m, 21 December 1987, Gentry et al. 59678 (US); La Planada, Sof Ricaurte, 7 km from Tumaco-Pasto road, 1°10’N, 77°158’W, 1800 m, 25 July 1986, Gentry et al. 55120 (MO, US); La Planada B.R., 7 km from Chucunes, 1°5’N, 78°1’W, 1800 m, 3 January 1988, Gentry & Keating 60310 (US); Trail to El Hondón, 5–12 km SW of La Planada, 1°4’N, 78°2’W, 1750–1800 m, 6 January 1988, Gentry et al. 60490 (US); (Barbacoas), SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 77 Altaquer, El Barro, El Barro, 1300 m, 1 March 1995, Fernández et al. 12391 (COL, MO); R.N. La Planada, 7 km above Chucunes (on road between Tuquerres and Ricaurte), along Sendero Vieja, along ridge top in direction of La Pina, 1°6’N, 77°54’W, 1950–2010 m, 9 March 1990, Croat 71210 (MO); La Planada B.R., ca. 7 km Sof Chucunes, along trail opposite the posada, 1°10’N, 77°55’W, 1800–1900 m, 9 August 1990, Luteyn & Sylva 13974 (CAS). Risaralda: (Mistrató), Jeguadas, bosque primario poco perturbado a la orilla del camino, Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, 5°26’N, 76°02’W, 1500 m, 28 March–2 April 1992, Betancur et al. 3252 (US). Valle: (Dagua), Corregimiento Queremal, P.N.N. Farallones, Sector Alto Anchicayá, Sendero de la quebrada La Riqueza, 3°36.081’N, 76°53.758’W, 910 m, 10 January 2013, Alvear et al. 1553 (CAS, COL). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: (Upala), Bijagua, El Pilón, Subiendo por la margen derecha del Río El Roble hasta el Volcán Tenorio, 10°41’N, 85°0’20"W, 1000–1400 m, 9 July 1988, Herrera et al. 2037 (CAS, CR); (Guatuso), P.N. Volcán Tenorio, Cuenca del Río Frío, Estación El Pilón, Sendero hacia Cerro Montezuma, 10°42’0"N, 85°0’0"W, 800 m, 14 January 2010, Kriebel et al. 5490 (INB, NY); R.B. Monteverde, Río Peñas Blancas, Finca de Jesús Rojas, 10°18’N, 84°44’W, 850–900 m, 4 December 1989, Bello 1540 (CAS, CR, MO); (San Ramón), No protegida, Cuenca del San carlos, Curso de Plantas, Al lado del sendero Zaíno, 10°13’0"N, 84°35’20"W, 800–900 m, 11 August 2002, Kriebel 939 (INB, MO). Heredia: (Sarapiquí), Horquetas de Sarapiquí, R.Rara Avis, Sendero Guácimo, 10°17’3"N, 84°2’47"W, 700 m, 23 July 1995, Martén 971 (CR, F, MO); Río Sarapiquí above Cariblanco, 15 September 1965, Schnell 99 (CR, F). ECUADOR. Carchi: Trail along ridge and forest slope to NW of Awá encampment, Gualpi Chico area near Rodriguez finca, 0°58’N, 78°16’W, 1258–1323 m, 19 January 1988, Hoover et al. 3323 (US); (Tulcán), R. Étnica Awá-Camumbi, 0°53’N, 78°16’W, 1700–1900 m, 20 July 1991, Quelal et al. 164 (MO, QCNE); (Espejo), R. Golondrinas, El Corazón, recorrido por el sendero a La Cortadera hasta El Mirador, 2390 m, 23 January 2004, Vargas et al. 4362 (CAS). Esmeraldas: (Quininde), Estación Biológica Bilsa, Carretera Herrera- El Páramo (Sta. Isabel), 0°4’N, 79°5’W, 580 m, 18 February 1995, Palacios et al. 13507 (MO); (San Lorenzo), Ricaurte, R. Indígena Awá, 1°10’N, 78°32’W, 300 m, 19–24 October 1992, Tipaz et al. 2095 (US); R.B. Bilsa, Sendero Amarillo, 0°20’49"N, 79°42’41"W, 540 m, 13 February 2009, Stern & Tepe 397 (NY). PANAMA. Chiriquí: Edwin Fabrega Dam and R. in Fortuna, Along trail to hydrological station along Río Hornito below forestry house along the road, 8°45’N, 82°5’W, 1150–1200 m, 20 January 1989, Almeda et al. 6348 (CAS, PMA); (Gualaca-Chiriquí Grande), 4.8 mi beyond IRHE facilities at Dam, 4 mi Nof bridge over Bayano Lake, along gravel road which turns off main highway, 100 m beyond pipeline marker 108, 8°46’"N, 82°16’"W, 23 September 1987, Croat 68018 (CAS); Fortuna Dam Project area, Slope NW of confluence of Río Hornito and Río Chiriquí, 8°44’N, 82°13’W, 1050–1100 m, 11 November 1980, Sytsma & Stevens 2260 (CAS); Fortuna Dam area, To Nof reservoir near Quebrada Bonito, 8°45’N, 82°13’W, 1100 m, 30 July 1984, Churchill 5787 (CAS); Edwin Fabrega Dam and R. in Fortuna, Quebrada Arena, the first creek Sof the Continental Divide on the road to Chiriquí Grande, 8°45’N, 82°5’W, ca. 1075 m, 15 January 1989, Almedaet al. 6217 (CAS). Coclé: Omar Torrijos N.P., About 7–10.5 km beyond El Copé in Omar Torrijos N.P, along end of the rocky trail to Río Blanco and Limón beyond Alto Calvario, 770–870 m, 21 February 1996, Almedaet al. 7660 (CAS, PMA); Alto Calvario, Above El Copé, ca 6 km Nof El Copé, Atlantic slope, along trail through forest W off old lumber trail which leads down to Las Ricas, Limón and San Juan., 89°39’N, 80°36’W, 23 June 1988, Croat 68793 (CAS); (El Copé), División continental arriba de Barrigón y el aserradero viejo, Camino de caballo a Coclesito, 8°40’N, 80°36’W, 880 m, 27 April 1992, Peña et al. 469 (CAS, F, PMA); (El Copé), División continental arriba de Barrigón y el aserradero viejo, Camino decaballoa Coclesito, 8°40’N, 80°36’W, 880 m, 27 April 1992, Peñaet al. 469 (CAS, PMA); Alongcontinental divide above El Cope, 8°38’N, 80°35’W, 850 m, 7 April 1988, McPherson 12417 (MO); Forested slopes above El Copé along abandoned road leading to the Continental Divide, 8°38’N, 80°38’W, 700–850 m, 24 January 1989, Almedaet al. 6386 (BM, CAS, INB, MEXU, MO, PMA). Comarca de San Blas: Cerro Brewster, 9°18’N, 79°16’W, 800–850 m, 20 November 1985, de Nevers et al. 6273 (CAS); Cerro Brewster, 9°18’N, 79°16’W, 850 m, 21 April 1985, de Nevers et al. 5452 (CAS); Cerro Habú, Vicinity of peak, 9°23’N, 78°49’W, 762 m, 19 December 1980, Sytsma et al. 2694 (CAS); Cerro Habú, Vicinity of peak, 9°23’N, 78°49’W, 762 m, 19 December 1980, Sytsma et al. 2717 (CAS). Veraguas: Along trail to summit of Cerro Tute about 1/ 2 mile above the Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra near Santa Fe, 900–1100 m, 29 January 1989, Almedaet al. 6490 (CAS, PMA); Trail to R.B, Serrania de Tute and the summit of Cerro Tute, about 0.7 km beyond the Escuela Agrícola Río Piedra just outside Santa Fe, 860–1300 m, 18 February 1996, Almedaet al. 7613 (CAS, PMA). Illustration:— Almeda 2004: 100, fig. 4. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. 78 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Locally common in primary and secondary rain forests and cloud forests from north-central Costa Rica disjunctly to western Panama, southwestern Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador (Fig. 14), at 150–2010 m. In Colombia it is known from the western slope of the western Andean cordillera in Chocó, Risaralda, and Valle, and disjunctly in the southern Pacific in the Planada Natural Reserve, Barbacoas and Isla Gorgona. In this study several specimens of this species were newly identified from Ecuador (Carchi and Esmeraldas). Phenology:— Collected in flower from January through April, July through October and December; in fruit from June through April. Etymology:— The specific epithet, meaning quickly disappearing or fading, refers to the fugacious petals at anthesis. Discussion:— Among its closer relatives and within the Octopleura clade, M. evanescens is the only species consistently characterized by a completely superior ovary that is tightly enveloped but completely free from the hypanthium. It is also distinct in its whitish thickened furfuraceous indumentum of dendritic trichomes and the pseudo-alternate foliar arrangement. The anisophylly in this species when present is pronounced but is not constant in all the pairs of mature leaves. The mature leaves at some nodes are isophyllous with measurements comparable to those of the larger leaves. Along with M. approximata, it has a glandular-puberulent apical ovary collar, and the foliar venules abaxially are copiously beset with a resinous indumentum of minute sessile to short-stalked glands with thin-walled short heads, but it differs from this taxon in the characters mentioned under the discussion of M. approximata. Phylogenetically, M. evanescens is sister to M. aurantiaca, with similar inflorescence architecture, but different in floral and indumentum characters (see M. aurantica discussion). SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 79 The inflorescence branching is often poorly developed, but this character is variable and sometimes the inflorescence appears thyrsoid and rather short and dense. The more developed inflorescences which appear to be restricted to South American material are commonly associated with larger leaves; these occur within the normal elevational range for the species. Acollection from Carchi, Ecuador, (Vargas et al. 4362), is indistinguishable from M. evanescens, but the hypanthium is densely resinous-glandular (vs. furfuraceous in M. evanescens), with the same type of glands that are produced on the abaxial leaf venules. This specimen was collected in a high montane forest, at 2390 m, higher than where M. evanescens normally occurs, so it might represent an elevational variant. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii) based on IUCN criteria (AOO). However, it occurs in many protected areas, which justifies a status of Least Concern LC. Protected in Colombia in Reserva Natural La Planada (Nariño), and in Farallones National Park (Valle). In Ecuador in the Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve (Bilsa Biological Station, Esmeraldas), the Golondrinas Reserve (Carchi), and the Awá-Camumbi Ethnic Reserve (Esmeraldas and Carchi). In Costa Rica it is protected in the Rara Avis Private Reserve, in Volcán Tenorio National Park and in Monteverde Biological Reserve (Alajuela)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 76-80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Almeda, F. (2004) Novelties and Nomenclatural Adjustments in the Neotropical Genus Clidemia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 55 (4): 89 - 124."]}

14. Miconia erikasplundii Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Clidemia asplundii Wurdack (1973a: 404–405). Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Morona-Santiago (Santiago-Zamora on original label): Macas, wooded bank of the Río Upano, ca. 800 m, 18 March 1956, Asplund 19806 (holotype: S!). Nec Miconia asplundii Wurdack (1972: 202–203). Slender shrub or small tree to 3 m tall, commonly sparingly branched. Upper internodes [3–15.4 cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, inflorescence axes, bracts, and bracteoles densely and copiously composed of resinous sessile dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of a pair conspicuously anisophyllous (2:3–6); the terete petiole 1.9–2.95 cm long, (on larger leaves) or 0.58–1.41 cm long (on smaller leaves), slightly canaliculate adaxially from the primary leaf vein throughout its entire length; larger blades 13.5–20.4 × 8.9–13.8 cm, ovalorbicular, the base rounded-obtuse, the margin distantly undulate-serrulate, the apex bluntly acuminate; smaller blades 6.9–12.2 × 6.6–10.3 cm, orbicular, the base rounded to slightly cordate, the margin distantly undulateserrulate, the apex shortly and bluntly acuminate; membranaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves glabrous except for a few sessile-stellate trichomes at the base of the blade, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous except for a few sessile-stellate trichomes coming from the venules, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins densely to copiously covered with resinous sessile-stellate trichomes 0.25–0.3 mm in diameter; 5-(7-)nerved (larger leaves) or 5-nerved (smaller leaves), including the tenuous marginals, with a thick-callose vesicular structure formed at the blade base abaxially where the innermost pair of secondary veins diverge from the primary vein, areolae 0.2–0.3 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins conspicuously impressed, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences a pseudolateral dithyrsoid (6–) 7–10 cm long, including a peduncle 1.6–2.8 cm long, divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, the dendritic indumentum on the axes sparse and densely intermixed with resinous sessile-stellate trichomes 0.25–0.3 mm in diameter; bracts 0.5–0.6 × 0.25 mm, oblong-obovate, somewhat erect, deciduous in fruit; bracteoles 1–1.5(–2.5) × 0.3 mm, oblong-obovate, patent, persistent in fruit. Flowers 4-merous on pedicels 0.5–0.8 mm long, densely to copiously resinous with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands to 0.1 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 75 2.8–2.9 × 1.7–1.9 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1–1.2 mm long, urceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, densely to copiously resinous with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands to 0.1 mm long, ridged inside, the inner vestiture not seen, torus adaxially not seen. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.2 mm long, the calyx lobes and exterior calyx teeth copiously resinous-glandular like the hypanthium, inner surface and vestiture not seen; lobes 0.35 × 0.8–0.9 mm, ovate, the margin entire, the apex rounded; exterior calyx teeth 0.2 mm long, ovate and thick, inserted near the base of the calyx lobes, divergent but not projecting beyond the lobes. Petals 1.6 × 1.6–1.7 mm, suborbicular, the margin entire, the apex rounded, white, densely papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1.5–1.6 × 0.2 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.9 × 0.25 mm, linear-oblong and slightly subulate, obtuse at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, yellow at anthesis; connective darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.35–0.4 mm long, the appendage oblong to deltoid, rounded at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands subsessile, minute, rounded and distributed throughout the connective and its prolongation. Ovary 4-locular, completely inferior, 1.7–1.8 mm long at anthesis, apical collar absent, the apex 0.35–0.4 mm in diameter, slightly depressed, moderately glandularpuberulent; style 5.5–6 mm long, parallel sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded-truncate when dry. Berries 3.55–4.55 × 4.05 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, ripening red and probably becoming blue-purple when fully mature, the hypanthium indumentum more or less persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.29–0.33 × 0.14–0.15 mm, ovoid, angled, light brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side or near the central part of the seed; raphal zone suboblong, as large to 50% larger than the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, dark-brown; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries inconspicuously channeled and undulate; periclinal walls nearly flat, microrelief punctate. Additional specimens studied:— Only the type was available for study. Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Miconia erikasplundii is endemic to eastern Ecuador where it is only known from near Tena (Napo Province) and from the banks of the Río Upano near Macas (Morona-Santiago Province) (Fig. 14) at 600–800 m. It occurs in the understory of riparian tropical forests along river banks. In its restricted range, it is considered a rare species. Phenology:— The holotype was collected in flower and fruit in March. Etymology:— The specific epithet commemorates the Swedish botanist Erik Asplund (1888–1974) who botanized in Andean South America. He collected in Ecuador, Perú and Colombia in 1939–1940, and again in 1955–1956 in Ecuador, Perú and Venezuela. The first set of his collections are deposited at S. Discussion:— Miconia erikasplundii is more similar to M. biolleyana in the anisophylly and leaf shape, but the vegetative pubescence of M. biolleyana consists of only sessile-stellate trichomes, with none of the peculiar resinous-asperous dendritic trichomes present in M. erikasplundii. Furthermore, the vestiture of hypanthia and calyx teeth is clearly different. In M. biolleyana it consists of the same arachnoid vegetative tomentum of sessilestellate trichomes (vs. resinous-glandular in M. erikasplundii). The rest of the floral characters (petals, stamens and style) are similar in the two species. The current geographic ranges of M. biolleyana and M. erikasplundii do not overlap, the former is not known from Ecuador. It is known from Costa Rica, Panama and as far south as the department of Risaralda in Colombia. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). It was considered Vulnerable in past assessments (Cotton & Pitman 2004). This Ecuadorian endemic is known only from three collections. The most recent is from 1960. It has not been collected in any of Ecuador’s protected areas but it could potentially occur in the Sangay National Park. Apart from habitat destruction, no specific threats are known., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Wurdack, J. J. (1973 a) Certamen Melastomataceis XXII. Phytologia 26 (6): 397 - 409.","Wurdack, J. J. (1972) Certamen Melastomataceis XX. Phytologia 24 (3): 195 - 208.","Cotton, E. & Pitman, N. (2004) Melastomataceae. In: Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Leon-Yanez, S. & Jorgensen, P. M. (Eds.) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 1 February 2012)."]}

9. Miconia bensparrei Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Ossaea sparrei Wurdack (1978a: 301). Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Pichincha: Toáchi, Along-Santo Domingo road, at the confluence between Río Pilatón and Río Toáchi, 850 m, 9 September 1967, Sparre 18460 (holotype: S!). Nec Miconia sparrei Wurdack (1977: 245–246). 62 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Shrub 2.5–4 m tall, more or less erect and laxly branched, bark rusty-brown. Upper internodes [3.2–7.2(–17.4) cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles (when present), adaxial surface of young leaves, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, and exterior calyx teeth densely to moderately composed of brownish-translucent dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.15 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; sessile or with an inconspicuous terete petiole 0.1–0.3 cm long; blades 13–27 × 7–13 cm, elliptic to slightly obovate-elliptic, the base rounded-cordate and amplexicaul, the margin distantly undulate-serrulate, the apex bluntly acute to obtuse, firm-chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrescent, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous, the indumentum caducous on the tertiary and higher order veins; 7- or 9-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging symmetrically from the primary vein Inflorescences typically an axillary and terminal dithyrsoid 19–26 cm long, including a terete peduncle 5–6.7 cm long, pendant, laxly and divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, paired or solitary in the upper leaf axils, the rachis brownish; bracts and bracteoles 1–1.2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, linear-subulate to oblong, the apex occasionally ciliatearistate, green-reddish, the indumentum caducous on both surfaces, deciduous to subpersistent in immature fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.5–1 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.4–2.5 × 2.5–2.9 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.4–1.5 mm long, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly 10-ribbed, green, the indumentum caducous and becoming sparse, the dendritic trichomes with somewhat longer arms than on the rest of the plant, ridged on the inner surface, densely and minutely glandular, the glands rounded and sessile, the torus densely glandularpuberulent adaxially, the glands rounded-flattened and slightly furrowed. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, white to green; tube 0.5–0.8 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.9–1 × 0.9–1 mm, depressed-rotund, the margin entire, the apex obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces; exterior calyx teeth 0.4–0.5 mm long, minute and bluntly triangular, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals 5.1–7 × 2–2.3 mm, oblong-lanceolate, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acuminate, white but drying orange, glabrous on both surfaces, slightly spreading at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 2.3–2.6 × 0.25 mm, whitish, glabrous; anther thecae 2.2–2.8 × 0.45–0.55 mm, linear-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, white; connective darker than the thecae when dry, its prolongation and appendage 0.4–0.45 mm long, the appendage oblong to subulate, bluntly acute to obtuse at the apex, bearing conspicuous glandular trichomes at the apical edge, the glands with flattened rounded heads, slightly furrowed and minutely stalked, the stalks subulate. Ovary 5-locular, 1/2 to 2/3 inferior, 2–2.1 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.1–0.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, conic-truncate, densely to moderately glandularpuberulent; style 6–6.5 mm long, straight, moderately narrowed distally, white, glabrous; stigma expanded truncate to capitellate. Berries 6.5–7.5 × 7.5–8.5 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, first yellowish turning orange to red when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum somewhat persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.4–0.45 × 0.2–0.25 mm, ovoid, angled; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 90 % the length of the seed, ventrally expanded toward the micropyle; appendage absent but a small protuberance present; individual cells elongate, some anticlinal boundaries channeled, others raised, undulate, with U-type patterns; periclinal walls flat, microrelief verrucose to somewhat striate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Nariño: (Ricaurte), R.N. La Planada, entre Santa Rosa y El Rollo, al lado del camino, 1700 m, 23 February 1995, Mendoza 790 (FMB). ECUADOR. Carchi: (Chical), 0°56’N, 78°11’W, 1200–1250 m, 3 July 1983, Thompson & Rawlins 736 (F); (Mira), La Primavera, Parroquia Jacinto Jijón y Caamaño, 0°60’N, 78°15’W, 1500 m, 23 July 1991, Cuamacás 31 (MO, QCNE); (Peñas Blancas), 20 km below Maldonado on the Río San Juan, 900–1000 m, 27 May 1978, Madison et al. 4618 (F, QCA, US). Esmeraldas: environs of Lita, on the Ibarra-San Lorenzo R.R., Wet submontane forest, 550–650 m, 10 June 1978, Madison et al. 5185 (US). Pichincha: Km 87–84 old road Quito-Sto Domingo, 1200–1300 m, 21 March 1980, Dodson & Gentry 9729 (MO, US); (Quito), R. Maquipucuna, Hacienda El Carmen, trail up Gregoire's Hill, ca, 6 km from airline SE of Nanegal, 0°7.5’N, 78°38’W, 1400–1500 m, 30 August 1989, Webster et al. 27182 (US); (Pichincha), 5 km Nof Tandaya on road to Nanegalito, 2800 m, 21 January 1981, Clemants & Luteyn 1694 (NY); (Mindo), Jardín de Orquídeas-Cabañas Armonía, 0°3.3’9"S, 78°46.5’88"W, 1270 m, 6 December 2005, Penneys & Fernández 1903 (CAS, MO, NY). Illustration:— None found. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 63 Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— This uncommon species occurs in primary or disturbed rainforests and cloud forests, on steep slopes or along streams in the northwestern foothills of the Ecuadorean Andes, with one record from southwestern Andean Colombia (Fig. 13), at 850–2800 m. The single record from Colombia is from Reserva Natural La Planada, in the southwestern department of Nariño. Phenology:— Collected in flower from December through March, in May, and from July through September; in fruit in January, March, May and July. Etymology:— The specific epithet is dedicated to Benkt Sparre (1918–1986), a Swedish botanist and museum curator who collected the holotype of this species. Discussion:— This species has brownish-asperous indumentum on vegetative and floral organs, 7- or 9- plinerved, elliptic to obelliptic leaves that are sessile and amplexicaul. It is strikingly similar to M. palenquensis, from which it differs in having larger flowers and different venation (5-plinerved in M. palenquensis). As noted under the discussion of M. palenquensis, these differences may not be taxonomically significant and as more collections of these two species come to light they may prove to be conspecific. Miconia bensparrei is also similar to M. variabilis in having 5-merous flowers and a dendritc indumentum but both flowers and trichomes are consistently smaller in M. variabilis. Miconia variabilis differs most notably from M. bensparrei in having petiolate leaves. Phylogenetically M. bensparrei is basal to a subclade containing M. albertobrenesii, M. boekei, and M. neomicrantha (Fig. 1). The flowers of these four species have a similar oblong-lanceolate petal shape and ovoid-angled seeds but are different in vegetative and floral vestiture. The asperous-dendritic indumentum of this species is identical to that found in M. quinquenervia and its allies which may have led Wurdack (1978a) to suggest that the latter is a close relative. Indumentum characters, although very important taxonomically, can also be convergent and thus should be used in combination with other characters (like seeds and inflorescence architecture) to distinguish allied groupings within the Octopleura clade. Miconia 64 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA incerta also seems close to M. bensparrei. It has the same vegetative indumentum and sessile-amplexicaul leaves, but M. bensparrei lacks the resinous-glands on the hypanthium. The seeds in M. incerta are also very different and its position within Octopleura is unclear at this time. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). It was considered Vulnerable in previous assessments (Cotton & Pitman 2004). Miconia bensparrei was thought to be endemic to Ecuador, where it is known from eight collections. It is not known from any protected area in Ecuador. It likely occurs in the Awá Indigenous Reserve, the Cotacachi-Cayapas and the Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserves but no collections are yet known from these protected sites. In Colombia it is protected in La Planada Natural Reserve. Apart from habitat destruction, no specific threats are known., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 62-65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Wurdack, J. J. (1978 a) Certamen Melastomataceis XXVII. Phytologia 38 (4): 287 - 307.","Wurdack, J. J. (1977) Certamen Melastomataceis XXVI. Phytologia 35 (3): 241 - 251.","Cotton, E. & Pitman, N. (2004) Melastomataceae. In: Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Leon-Yanez, S. & Jorgensen, P. M. (Eds.) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 1 February 2012)."]}

1. Miconia aguilarii (Kriebel & Almeda 2009: 207–211) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Clidemia aguilarii Kriebel & Almeda. Type: COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas: along gravel road to microwave tower above Golfito, 0.7 m above main road, 08°39’N, 83°11’W, 90 m, 15 September 1987, Croat 67598 (holotype: CAS!; isotype: MO). Suffrutescent herb or shrub (0.3–)0.4–2(–3) m tall, densely or laxly branched, bark brownish. Upper internodes (0.6–)1.1–5.8(–8.5) cm long, terete like the cauline nodes, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial base of leaf surfaces, primary and secondary leaf veins, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, and pedicels densely to copiously composed of brownish subsessile or thin stipitate dendritic trichomes (0.1–)0.2–0.3(–0.42) mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms, sparsely intermixed with caducous elongate smooth trichomes up to 3 mm long. Leaves of each pair somewhat unequal in size; the semiterete petioles 0.4–2.5(–5.85) cm long, adaxially canaliculate; larger blades (6.3–)11–23 × (3.4–) 5–11.5 cm, smaller blades 2.5–10 × 1.7–7 cm, elliptic-ovate, the base attenuate to oblique and narrowly decurrent along the petiole, the margins ciliolate-denticulate, the apex acuminate, membranaceous to chartaceous; mature leaves (adaxial surface) glabrescent except for a few elongate smooth trichomes near the margins 0.5–1 mm long, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface together with the tertiary and higher order veins with a sparse and caducous resinous indumentum of slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands 0.1–0.2 mm long; 5- or 7-(9-)plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein 0.5–2.8 cm slightly asymmetrically above the decurrent base, areolae 0.8–1.5 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly impressed, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences a pseudolateral dithyrsoid 2.25–6.95 cm long, including a peduncle (0.2–) 0.4–1.5 cm long, the central flower of some dichasia and of the main axis occasionally aborted, divaricately branched, borne on the upper leafless nodes, the rachis green; bracts 0.6–0.75(–1.2) × 0.15–0.25 mm, spatulate to subulate, spreading and somewhat concave, on both surfaces the indumentum sparse and caducous, densely intermixed with resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands 0.1–0.2 mm long; bracteoles 0.2–0.6 × 0.1–0.3 mm, subulate, spreading, on both surfaces the indumentum dense, sparsely intermixed with resinous-glandular trichomes similar to those of the bracts; both persistent in flower and commonly deciduous in fruit. Flowers 4-merous, the central flower of each dichasium sessile to subsessile, the rest on pedicels 0.25–0.5 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.7–1.85(–2.1) × 0.8–1.15 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.95–1.15(–1.4) mm long, urceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, green-whitish, caducously resinous with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands 0.03–0.05(–0.1) mm long, inner surface and torus ridged, sparsely and caducously resinous-glandular with glands like those of the hypanthium exterior. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, light green; tube 0.25–0.35 mm long, adaxially with the same indumentum as the inner torus, abaxially as the hypanthium; lobes 0.2–0.4 × 0.5–0.8(–0.99) mm, broadly triangular, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex bluntly acute, caducously resinous-glandular on both surfaces; exterior teeth (0.1–) 0.2–0.25 mm long, bluntly triangular, inserted near the base of the calyx lobes and rarely equaling them, caducously resinous-glandular on both surfaces. Petals 0.65–0.85(–1.25) × 0.75–1 mm, obovate-oblong, with a minute projecting infra-apical tooth on the abaxial surface, the margin repand-undulate, the apex obtuse to slightly truncate, dull-greenish to white, densely and caducously papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 0.9–1.4 × 0.25 mm, light-green to white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.25–1.95 × 0.25–0.5 mm, linear-oblong and subulate, truncate-acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.11–0.15 mm in diameter, whitish to yellow at anthesis; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.25–0.35 mm long, the appendage deltoid-spatulate, bluntly acute to obtuse at the apex, densely and caducously gland-edged, also sparsely and minutely glandular toward the center and throughout the connective. Ovary 4-locular, completely inferior, 0.7–0.75 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex ca. 0.6 mm in diameter, somewhat depressed, deciduously glandular-puberulent; style 3.5–5.5 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma capitellate at anthesis (truncate when dry). Berries mostly 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, initially white turning bright orange when ripe, hypanthium indumentum somewhat persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.28–0.33 × 0.16–0.19 mm, ovoid, angled, light-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 37 highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, nearly as large as the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, dark-brown; individual testa cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed, microrelief slightly punctate to smooth. Additional specimens studied:— COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: (Nandayure), No protegida, Península de Nicoya, Bejuco, Pilas de Bejuco, Parche de bosque en cercanías de la carretera, 9°50'52"N, 85°21'27"W, 10 m, 10 March 1999, Rodríguez & Hurtado 4599 (INB, MO); (Nandayure), Área no protegida, Pacífico Norte, Bejuco, Pilas de Bejuco, Finca de Abel Rodríguez, 9°51’38"N, 85°21’33"W, 60 m, 13 July 1994, Estrada & Rodríguez 10 (INB, MO). Puntarenas: Steep forested and partially disturbed sites above Golfito along the road to the television tower, 50–500 m, 16 July 1977, Almeda et al. 3094 (CAS); Nicoya Peninsula, Curú, Canyons and ridges towards Punta Georgia, Punta Blanca Trail, 9°46–48’N, 84°54–58’W, ca. 100 m, 23 August 1995, Sanders et al. 17706 (CAS, CR); Steep forested and partially disturbed sites above Golfito along the road to the television tower, 50–500 m, 16 July 1977, Almeda et al. 3092 (CAS); P.N. Corcovado, Ridges above Río Claro, 8°28’N, 83°35’W, 0–100 m, 24 November 1981, Knapp & Mallet 2209 (CAS, MO); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Sirena, Sendero a Río Claro, arriba de la fila, 8°28’0"N, 83°35’0"W, 10 m, 14 October 1993, Aguilar 2529 (CAS, CR); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Sirena, Sendero Pavo, 8°28’50"N, 83°35’30"W, 10 m, 23 July 1994, Aguilar 3507 (CAS, CR, MO); Osa Peninsula, Road to Carate from Puerto Jimenez, ca. 8 km Sof Río Tamales, 185 m, 6 September 2005, Penneys & Blanco 1811 (NY); R.B. Carara, Sector Quebrada Bonita, sitio área administrativa, 9°46’10"N, 84°36’30"W, 50 m, 13 September 1990, Zúñiga 256 (CR, NY, MO); (Aguirre), No protejida, Cuenca del Naranjo y Paquita, Manuel Antonio, Finca Anjalí, 9°24’16"N, 84°9’16"W, 150 m, 12 November 2006, Solano & Solano 3527 (INB, NY); P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quebrada Camaronera, 9°23’N, 84°9’W, 1 m, 3 August 1990, Harmon 136 (CAS, CR, MO); P.N. Corcovado, Ollas Trail, 8°27–30’N, 83°33–38’W, 0–150 m, 26 July 1988, Kernan & Phillips 717 (CAS, CR, MO); P.N. Corcovado, Ollas trail, 8°27–30’N, 83°33–38’W, 0–100 m, 10 January 1989, Kernan & Phillips 883 (CR, MO); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Sirena, alrededores de la estación y del Sendero La Olla, 8°28’0"N, 83°35’0"W, 10 m, 26 October 1990, Fonseca 9 (CR, MO); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación La Leona, junto a Río Madrigal, 8°27’0"N, 83°29’30"W, 100 m, 19 January 1993, Aguilar 1603 (CR, MO); P.N. Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, 0 km to 2 km Wof the park headquarters at Sirena, 8°29’N, 83°36’W, 0–200 m, 5 July 1977, Liesner 2912 (MO); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Sendero Río Claro, 8°28’50"N, 83°35’30"W, 10 m, 12 September 1998, Aguilar 5542 (INB, MO); Littoral woods Eof Punta Voladora, near entrance to Golfito Bay, 8.38°’N, 83.11°’W, 24 July 1977, Webster 22037 (MO); (Golfito), R.F. Golfo Dulce Los Mogos, 8°45’30"N, 83°22’30"W, 100–200 m, 5 September 1991, Aguilar 335 (CR, MO); Along gravel road to microwave tower above Golfito, 0.7 km above main road., 8°39’N, 83°11’W, 90 m, 15 September 1987, Croat 67598 (MO); R.N.A. Cabo Blanco, Península de Nicoya, Estación San Miguel, límite de la Reserva, 9°35’42"N, 85°7’13"W, 355 m, 10 February 1987, Alvarado 115 (INB, MO); P.N. Corcovado, Sirena, Río Claro Trail, 8°27–30’N, 83°33–38’W, 0–150 m, 11 February 1988, Kernan 109 (MO); Punta Catedral, ca. 7 km SE of Quepos, 9°22.5’N, 84°9’W, 20–70 m, 20 August 1985, Grayum et al. 5896 (CAS, MO); R.B. Carara, Sendero Quebrada Bonita-Bijagual, Sitio Montaña Jamaica, 9°46’10"N, 84°33’50"W, 550 m, 8 December 1989, Zúñiga et al. 18 (CAS, CR, MO); P.N. Corcovado, Golfito, Estación Sirena, al borde de bosque primario, 8°29’0"N, 83°36’0"W, 2 m, 1 October 1990, Saborio et al. 78 (CAS, CR, MO); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Sirena, 8°28’0"N, 83°35’0"W, 1–20 m, 15 June 1990, Maass 37 (CAS, CR, MO); R.N.A. Cabo Blanco, Estación Cabo Blanco, 9°35’N, 85°6’W, 20–100 m, 4 November 1991, Chavarría 305 (CAS, CR, MO); Punta Banco, 0–200 m, 22 August 1988, Chavarría-Díaz et al. 266 (CR, MO); Corcovado N.P., Osa Peninsula, Primary forest on hills 0 km to 1 km Wof the park headquarters at Sirena, 8°29’"N, 83°36’"W, 0–200 m, 4 July 1977, Liesner 2834 (MO); R.B. Carara, Estación Quebreda Bonita, 30 m, 29 September 1983, Chacón 1398 (CR, MO); (Puntarenas), R.N.A. Cabo Blanco, Península de Nicoya, Sendero Central, 9°35’0"N, 85°7’0"W, 0–200 m, 17 December 1993, Fernández et al. 1315 (MO, INB); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Sirena, Alrededor de Sendero Ollas, 8°28’50"N, 83°35’30"W, 10 m, 6 February 1994, Aguilar 3076 (CAS, INB); (Puntarenas), Estación San Miguel, ca 2 km Sde Malpais, 9°35’40"N, 85°7’50"W, 0 m, 18 January 1996, Hammel 20091 (CAS). San José: (Turrubares), Valle del Tárcoles, SE de San Luis, entre Quebrada Zorrillal y Cerro San Luis, 9°50’20"N, 84°28’40"W, 600–950 m, 20 December 1995, Hammel & González 20033 (CR, MO); (Ciudad Colón), Zona Protectora El Rodeo, 9°54’N, 84°16’W, 600 m, 4 August 1992, Varela 241 (CAS, CR, MO). PANAMA. Chiriquí: (San Bartolo), Burica 38 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Peninsula, Near costa Rica border, 12 mi Wof puerto Armuelles, 400–500 m, 24 February 1973, Croat 22197 (MO); Burica Peninsula, Quebrada Quanabanito, 1 km Wof the dam at la Represa, 20 February 1973, Busey 480 (MO); Vicinity of Puerto Armuelles, 0–75 m, 28 July 1940, Woodson & Schery 855 (MO); Burica Peninsula, Quebrada Tuco, 9 mi Sof Puerto Armuelles, 0–150 m, 21 February 1973, Liesner 171 (MO); (San Bartolo), Burica Peninsula, 20 km Wof Puerto Armuelles, 400–600 m, 22 February 1973, Busey 563 (MO); Burica Peninsula, Quebrada Merida, 4mi S Puerto Armuelles, 0–100 m, 3 March 1973, Liesner 392 (MO). Los Santos-Veraguas: Mountains of southern Azuero Peninsula, near proposed route of road from El Cortezo (Prov, Los Santos), to Arenas (Prov, Veraguas), 0–5 km SW of El Cortezo, 305 m, 29 October 1978, Hammel 5461 (CAS, MO). Veraguas: (Isla de Coiba), Campamento de La Salina, subida hacia Río Negro, 5 m, 21 October 1995, Aranda et al. MB1345 (CAS, MO). Illustration:— Kriebel & Almeda (2009): 208, fig. 1. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Miconia aguilarii is known from the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and Panama (Fig. 11), at 0–600(–950) m, where it grows in the understory of primary or secondary rain forest, and along banks of rocky streams. Among the collections studied, it has been considered locally common to occasional. In Costa Rica, it is widely distributed, ranging from the Nicoya Peninsula on the northern Pacific coast, through the central Pacific lowlands in El Rodeo Protected Ciudad Colón Zone, south to the Osa Peninsula. In Panama it is known from few collections in a region ranging from the Burica Peninsula south to Coiba Island, and at the border between Los Santos and Veraguas in the mountains of southern Azuero Peninsula. Phenology:— Collected in flower from January through March and from June through October; in fruit from July through February. Etymology:— The specific epithet honors Costa Rican botanist Reinaldo Aguilar, whose explorations of the Osa Peninsula have contributed much to our knowledge of that region's rich rain forest flora. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 39 Discussion:— Miconia aguilarii was long overlooked and commonly determined as Ossaea quinquenervia or Clidemia quinquenervia, synonyms of what is here treated as Miconia quinquenervia. Within the Quinquenervia subclade both are part of a closely related group of species that includes M. reitziana (Fig. 1). Within this subclade, M. aguilarii and M. quinquenervia are vegetatively very similar, especially in characters of pubescence (rustyasperous indumentum mixed with simple trichomes) and leaves (margins ciliolate-denticulate, base decurrent on the petiole). Their inflorescence architecture is also identical. The consistent differences between these two species include flower merosity (4-merous in M. aguilarii vs. 5-merous in M. quinquenervia), exterior calyx teeth (not setose vs. setose), and the color of immature hypanthia (green-whitish vs. yellowish becoming bright pink). The most outstanding difference is the color of the mature berries (bright orange vs. purple-black) (Kriebel & Almeda 2009). In this study, additional specimens belonging to M. aguilarii were found among collections of M. quinquenervia received on loan, particularly from the Burica Peninsula in Chiriquí Province (Panama, Pacific side), a locality from which M. aguilarii had not been reported previously. Although M. quinquenervia is more widespread than M. aguilarii (ranging from Honduras south through Central America, to Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador), its restriction to the Caribbean slopes of Central America is consistent with its reported distribution in Costa Rica and Panama, where it is also only known from the Caribbean slope (Kriebel & Almeda 2009). This species, which is common in the understory of tropical forests, appears to be tolerant of deep forest shade. Accordingly, it may flower when less than 1 m tall and consequently the labels on at least seven collections examined describe the habit as herbaceous. This is common among other species in the Octopleura clade, including M. reitziana, which is also apparently tolerant of deep shade and has been described as a suffrutescent herb. When rehydrated buds of immature flowers where examined, it was found that in at least four (A.C. Sanders et al. 17706, CAS!), the undeveloped stamens ranged from nine to 11. Further studies of flower development in M. aguilarii would clarify if these stamens are aborted before anthesis, or if the number of stamens is variable within the species. On mature flowers, the number of stamens was consistently eight. Conservation status:— Based on IUCN criteria (AOO), this species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii). However, it occurs in many protected areas, warranting a status of Least Concern LC. In Costa Rica it is protected in the Cabo Blanco Absolute Reserve, Curú Wildlife Refuge, El Rodeo Protected Zone, and Carara, Manuel Antonio and Corcovado National Parks (Kriebel & Almeda 2009). In Panama it is only protected in the Coiba National Park.

20. Miconia magnifolia Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Oxymeris macrophylla Bentham (1844: 95–96). Clidemia macrophylla (Benth.) Naudin (1852: 375). Octopleura macrophylla (Benth.) Triana (1871: 145). Ossaea macrophylla (Benth.) Cogniaux (1891a: 1064). Type: COSTA RICA. Cocos Island, Hinds s.n. (holotype: Kinternet image!). Nec Miconia macrophylla Steudel (1844: 723; M. prasina (Swartz) de Candolle (1828: 188)) nec M. macrophylla Macfadyen (1850: 84; M. impetiolaris (Swartz) Don ex de Candolle (1828: 183)) nec M. macrophylla (Pavón ex Don) Triana (1871: 103; M. serrulata (de Candolle) Naudin (1850: 118)). Clidemia solearis Naudin (1851: 339–340). Type: COSTA RICA. Cocos Island, Barclay s.n. (holotype: K-internet image!). Subshrub to tree (1–)2–6(–12) m tall, moderately branched, bark brown-reddish. Upper internodes roundedquadrate, 1.2–5 cm long, cauline nodes terete, bearing a well-defined nodal line forming a slightly deflexed flaplike outgrowth confluent with the abaxial bases of the petioles. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth densely composed of brown matted subulate elongate smooth trichomes 0.4–0.7 mm long. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; the petiole 2.5–8 cm long, canaliculate adaxially, moderately grooved abaxially; blades 16–40(–50) × 9–18 cm, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, the base broadly acute, the margin subentire to denticulate, the apex bluntly short-acuminate, firm-chartaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins sparsely covered with caducous stellate lepidote trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter with only partially fused radii; 5-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, areolae 1–2 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins deeply impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins prominently elevated and terete. Inflorescences a pseudolateral multiflorous dithyrsoid 4–12 cm long, including a roundedquadrate peduncle 0.5–1(–3) cm long, divaricately and highly branched from the peduncle apex, borne in the upper foliar axils, the rachis green, the inflorescence nodes densely covered with the general tomentum but longer, each trichome up to 1 mm long; bracts 1–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm, oblong-lanceolate, concave, early deciduous at anthesis; bracteoles 1–3 × 0.7–1 mm, linear-oblong, concave, early to tardily deciduous in fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.25–0.5 mm long or subsessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.5–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.9–1(–1.3) mm long, globose to urceolate, bluntly 10-ribbed, green-yellowish to reddish, ridged on the inner surface, smooth and minutely glandular, the glands sessile and somewhat translucent, the torus adaxially glandularpuberulent, the setae Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, green; tube 0.15–0.3 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.1–0.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, minutely triangular, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex blunt; exterior calyx teeth 0.25–0.5 mm long, tuberculiform or obsolete, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes, equaling or slightly exceeding the lobes. Petals 2.5–4.6 × 1–1.9 mm, lanceolate or lanceolate-triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, white to translucent white, drying orange, glabrous adaxially, abaxially with a thinly median line of matted elongate smooth trichomes Stamens 10; filaments 1.5–2 × 0.25 mm, white to cream, glabrous; anther thecae 0.75–1 × 0.4 mm, oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, whiteyellowish; connective white-yellowish, its prolongation and appendage 0.75–0.85 mm long, the appendage oblong, obtuse to rounded at the apex, copiously and conspicuously gland-edged, the glands rounded and stalked, the stalks linear to subulate. Ovary typically 5-locular, occasionally 4-locular, 1/2 to 2/3 inferior, 1.1–1.5 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.5–0.8(–1) × 0.2–0.3 mm, conic-truncate, sparsely to moderately glandular-puberulent; style (2.5–) 3.5–4.5 mm long, moderately narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma capitellate to capitate. Berries 4–6 × 4–6 mm when dry, globose-oblate, yellow-orange then pink-red to red-purple when fully ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.31–0.43 × 0.12–0.18 mm, typically pyramidal, occasionally ovoid and angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes triangular, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong to sublinear, ca. 80% the length of the seed; appendage absent, but a small protuberance present; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief verrucose. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: (Frontino), Venados, P.N. de las Orquídeas, Sector Venados abajo, Cabaña del INDERENA, en Río Venados, 6.567°N, - 76.47°W, 830 m, 28 October 1986, Callejas et al. 2726 (HUA, MO, NY, US). Cauca: P.N.N. Isla Gorgona, Costado oriental, 3°N, - 78.2°W, 22 June 1950, Fernández 403 (COL, MO, US); (Guapi), P.N.N. Gorgona, 2.94°N, - 78.21°W, 230 m, 31 May 1986, Lozano SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 91 et al. 5079 (CAS, COL, US). Chocó: 11 km Sof Quibdó on road to Yuto, 5.58°N, - 76.65°W, 50 m, 7 January 1979, Gentry & Renteria 23723 (COL, MO, US); Carretera Quibdó-Istmina, km 36 entre Yuto y Cértegui, Río Paimadó, 5.52°N, - 76.65°W, 70 m, 8 September 1976, Forero & Jaramillo 2657 (COL, MO, US); (Tadó), Marmolejo, 5.39°N, - 76.19°W, 500–520 m, 25 April 1991, González 2396 (COL, NY); (Quibdó), San Francisco de Ichó, Carretera Ichó-Tutunendo, 5.8°N, - 76.54°W, 150 m, 8 July 1981, Galeano Lozano 409 (COL, NY); (Nuquí), Arusí, E.B. El Amargal, 5.58°N, - 77.48°W, 80 m, February 1992, Galeano 3205 (COL, F); (Quibdó), Pacurita, Camino Quebrada Río Claro, 5.68°N, - 76.59°W, 71 m, 26 January 2012, Almeda et al. 10407 (CAS, CHOCO, COL). Nariño: (Tumaco), La Guayacana, 1.43°N, - 78.45°W, 220 m, 27 June 1951, Romero-Castañeda 2949 (NY); (Tumaco), Espriella, 1.47°N, - 78.64°W, 50 m, 20 June 1951, Romero-Castañeda 2791 (NY). Putumayo: Selva higrófila del Río San Miguel, entre las quebradas de Sipenae y de Churrucayo, 0.24°N, - 76.49°W, 294–400 m, 11 December 1940, Cuatrecasas 10946 (COL, F, MO, US). Valle: La Trojita, Río Calima (región del Chocó), 4.07°N, - 77.09°W, 19-10 February–March 1944, Cuatrecasas 16834 (F, NY, US); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, 20 m, 12 June 1988, Cabrera 16000 (CAS, CUVC). COSTARICA. Alajuela: (Upala), P.N. Volcán Tenorio, No protegida, Cuenca del Zapote, Bijagua, Sendero a ala catarata Río Celeste, 10.719°N, - 84.99°W, 600 m, 21 March 2005, Santamaría 1178 (INB, MO, NY); (San Carlos), Boca Tapada, R.N. V.S.M. Maquenque, No protegida, Cuenca del San Carlos, San Jorge, Parcela #8, 10.748°N, - 84.17°W, 100 m, 25 November 2007, Solano & Mena 4933 (INB, MO, NY); Pocosol B.S., Sendero Catarata, 10.34°N, - 84.67°W, 820 m, 1 September 2005, Penneys 1803 (CAS); R.B. Monteverde, Cordillera de Tilarán, Bosque Eterno de los Niños, Laguna de Pocosol, Río Peñas Blancas, 10.35°N, - 84.66°W, 820 m, 15 June 1991, Bello & Haber 2892 (CAS, CR, MO); (Guatuso), P.N. Tenorio, Cuenca del Río Frío, Bijaqua, El pilón,, 10.7°N, - 85°W, 800 m, 10 January 2000, Alfaro et al. 2654 (MO); R.F. San Ramón, Sendero Miramar, 10.21°N, - 84.61°W, 800–1000 m, 2 November 1986, Herrera et al. 147 (CAS, MO, US); 15 km NW of Nuevo Arenal on road to Tilarán, then 3 km NE on road to San Rafael de Guatuso, then 2 km W on road to Finca Cote, On Nside of road, SE side of Lago Cote, 10.575°N, - 84.9°W, 700 m, 30 April 1983, Liesner et al. 15079 (CAS, MO). Guanacaste: P.N. Guanacaste, La Cruz, 9 Km al Sde Santa Cecília, Estación Pitilla., 10.99°N, - 85.42°W, 700 m, 13 September 1990, Chávez et al. 72 (MO, NY); P.N. Guanacaste Estación Pitilla, alrededores., 11.03°N, - 85.4°W, 600 m, 15 June 1989, Chavarría et al. II INBio 20 (MO); P.N. Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla y Sendero El Mismo, 10.99°N, - 85.42°W, 700 m, 15 June 1991, Ríos 379 (CAS, MO); P.N. Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, Fila Orosilito y Sendero Nacho, 11.03°N, - 85.4°W, 700 m, 12 November 1990, Ríos 174 (MO); Río Chiquito de Tilarán, Río Negro valley, Atlantic slope, 10.36°N, - 84.86°W, 1400 m, 30 July 1986, Haber 5900 (CAS, MO). Heredia: (Sarapiquí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Estación El Ceibo, bosques residuales camino al Río Peje, 10.33°N, - 84.08°W, 500–546 m, 12 March 2003, González 3064 (MO); Finca La Selva, Confluence of Río Puerto Viejo and Río Sarapiquí, vic, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, 10.416°N, - 84°W, 80 m, 16 October 1979, Denslow 79-29 (CAS); (Sarapiquí), Rara Avis, ca. 15 km al SW de Horquetas, sendero Levi, 10.28°N, - 84.03°W, 400 m, 9 July 1989, Vargas & Frazee 20 (CAS, INB, MO); (Sarapiquí), La Selva Biological Station, Alrededores de LS, 10.43°N, - 84°W, 100 m, 25 July 2003, Aguilar RA007981 (MO); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, On slope leading down into the swamp along the Swamp Trail, 10.43°N, - 84°W, 100 m, 19 July 1996, Wilbur 66238 (MO, NY); Near Tirimbina Eof the Río Sarapiquí, 10.4°N, - 84.12°W, 150–250 m, 12–15 August 1971, Burger & Burger 8023 (F, US). Limón: (Pococí), No protegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Finca Bosque Lluvioso, propiedad del INBio, entrando por camino a mano derecha del Río Costa Rica, 10.2°N, - 83.86°W, 300 m, 30 November 1999, Rodríguez et al. 5500 (MO); Hacienda Tapezco-Had, La Suerte, 29 air km Wof Tortuguero, 10.5°N, - 83.78°W, 40 m, 16 August 1979, Davidson & Donahue 8395 (US); (Pococí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Quebrada González, 10.164°N, - 83.94°W, 500 m, 20 October 2006, Solano et al. 3505 (INB, MO, NY); (Pococí), R.N.F.S. Barra del Colorado, Llanura de Tortuguero, Sector Cocorí, 10.59°N, - 83.8°W, 100 m, 21 November 1990, Rojas 152 (CAS, INB, MO); (Talamanca), Sukut, De las juntas de Río Urén y Río Sukut 1.5 Km aguas arriba sobre éste, margen derecha siguiendo el sendero hacia Boca de Río Buruy, 9.4°N, - 82.96°W, 450 m, 8 July 1989, Herrera 3200 (CAS, CR, MO); (Pococí), R. Bosque Lluvioso, No protegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Alrededores de la Estación, 10.191°N, - 83.86°W, 350 m, 30 September 2005, Vargas & Villalobos 923 (INB, MO, NY); (Pococí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Sector Quebrada González, sendero Las Palmas, 10.156°N, - 83.94°W, 600 m, 29 July 2008, Kriebel 5322 (INB, MO, NY). Puntarenas: (Osa), R.F. Golfo Dulce, Península de Osa, Rancho Quemado, Quebrada El Bote, 8.72°N, - 83.58°W, 200–350 m, 10 September 1993, Quesada & Segura 761 (CAS); (Puntarenas), P.N. Isla del Coco, Isla del Coco, 5.52°N, - 87.07°W, 0–300 m, 1 November 1997, González 92 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA 635 (INB, MO, NY); El General Valley, Along the Río Cacao above Pan American Highway, 9.13°N, - 83.38°W, 900 m, 30 January 1965, Williams et al. 28676 (F, US); Cocos Island, 5.52°N, - 87.07°W, 80–100 m, 9 March 1964, Fournier 340 (CAS); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Los Patos, cerca de la estación, 8.57°N, - 83.51°W, 250 m, 25 May 1995, Moraga 196 (CAS, INB, MO); (Golfito), R.F.S. Golfito, 8.63°N, - 83.19°W, 100 m, 13 May 1986, Zamora 1251 (CAS, CR, MO); (Puntarenas), Cocos Island, Steep ridges SE of Chatham Bay, 5.55°N, - 87.05°W, 9–11 April 1979, Foster 4128 (CAS, F, MO, US); (Cocos Island), Wafer Bay, 5.54°N, - 87.07°W, 28 June 1932, Howell 10182 (CAS). San José: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Alrededores Estación Carrillo, hasta Quebrada Sanguijuela, Sendero hacia Quebrada Sanguijuela, 10.15°N, - 85.95°W, 500–700 m, 17 May 1988, Umaña 235 (CAS); (Vazquez de Coronado), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cerca del Río Sucio, 10.16°N, - 83.95°W, 17 January 1984, Sánchez & Zamora 373 (CAS, MO). ECUADOR. Carchi: (Tulcán), Reserva Etnica Awá, Parroquia El Chical, Centro San Marcos, Bosque muy húmedo Premontano, Bosque primario alterado, terreno plano inundable, 1.1°N, - 78.23°W, 750 m, 20 April 1993, Méndez et al. 167 (MO); (Lita), Collections made in front of bulldozers constructing the Lita-San Lorenzo road, 5 km from Lita, Primary rain forest on terra firme, 0.83°N, - 78.47°W, 600 m, 17 December 1982, Barfod et al. 41352 (MO); (Maldonado), R. Étnica Awá, Parroquia Tobar Donoso, Sabalera, 0.92°N, - 78.53°W, 900 m, 22 November 1992, Aulestia et al. 668 (MO, NY, QCNE); (Tulcán), Parroquia Tobar Donoso, Sector Sabalera, Reserva Indígena Awá, NE Casa Comunal, Bosque primario, Bosque muy húmedo premontano, 1°N, - 78.4°W, 100–650 m, 19 June 1992, Tipaz et al. 1231 (MO); (El Pailon), ca. 45 km below Maldonado along foot path to Tobar Donoso, 0.92°N, - 78.1°W, 800 m, 28 November 1979, Madison & Besse 7097 (MO, US). Esmeraldas: (San Lorenzo), Ricaurte, Reserva Indígena Awá, Bosque primario, Bosque húmedo Tropical, 1.17°N, - 78.53°W, 300 m, 18 October 1992, Tipaz et al. 2112 (MO 336031); (San Lorenzo), San Francisco, Recinto Durango, Loma del Rey, Bosque húmedo Tropical, Sector colinado, Bosque maduro, Camino al Valle de la Virgen, 2 km al SE de la Carretera Lita-San Lorenzo, 1.03°N, - 78.62°W, 350 m, 18 October 1999, Valenzuela & Freire 516 (MO 336032); (Eloy Alfaro), R.E. Cotacachi-Cayapas, Charco vicente, Río San Miguel, 0.72°N, - 78.88°W, 200 m, 20–30 September 1993, Tirado et al. 437 (MO, QCNE, US). Morona- Santiago: (Logroño), Región de la Cordillera de Cutucú, Centro Shuar Tumpaim, Cordillera de Saunto y Satap, - 2.68°S, - 77.92°W, 540 m, 11 December 2003, Toasa et al. 9399 (MO); El centro Shuar Kankaimi (Cangaime) y alredadores, 6 horas a pie al W Taisha, - 3.51°S, - 78.55°W, 13 September 1985, Baker et al. 6365 (MO, NY, US). Napo: (Mondaña), Reserva Yachana, márgen izquierdo del Río Napo, aguas abajo, Muestreo A, Bosque de Colina, Sendero Azul, 0.84°N, - 77.23°W, 400 m, 15 March 2007, Cerón et al. 58209 (MO); (Loreto), Faldas del volcán Sumaco, 2 km al Wdel Río Huataraco, Bloque 19, línea sísmica 16, Helipuerto 1, Compañía Triton, - 0.7°S, - 77.5°W, 870 m, 21 March 1996, Freire & Cerda 170 (MO); (Loreto), Faldas del volcán Sumaco, A 1.4 Km al sureste del nacimiento del Río Huataraco, Bloque 19, línea sísmica 14, DZ 8, Compañía Triton Bosque primario, Suelo con roca sedimentaria., - 0.68°S, - 77.48°W, 690 m, 1 March 1996, Vargas & Grefa 749 (MO); (Tena), Estacion Biologica Jatún-Sacha, along Sbank of Río Napo, 8 km Eof Puerto Misahualii, - 1.06°S, - 77.6°W, 450 m, 2 April 1992, Croat 73403 (MO); (Archidona), Along road between Coca (San Francisco de Orellana) and the Baeza-Tena road, via Loreto and Hollin, 82.5 km Wof Río Payamino, 6 km Wof Juticocha, 28.3 km Wof Loreto, 58 km Eof Tena-Baeza Highway, - 0.8°S, - 77.52°W, 925 m, 2 March 1992, Croat 72618 (MO); 31 mi Wof lago Agrio, 0.07°N, - 77°W, 640 m, 1974, Plowman et al. 3972 (US). Pastaza: (Puyo), Los Vencedores, E.E. E.S.P.O.C.H, About 30 minutes by car Sof Puyo, Virgin forest at far end on Wborder of Field Station, - 1.5°S, - 77.93°W, 800–1040 m, 12 December 1995, Soejarto et al. 9332 (F); (Puyo), Parroquia Tarqui, Sector Communa San Jacinto de Pindo, Road to Cotococha, off Puyo-Macas road, - 1.58°S, - 77.9°W, 890 m, 19 November 2005, Penneys & Fernández 1872 (CAS, MO, NY); (Pastaza), Pozo Villano 2 de Arco, 2 km del pueblo de Villano, - 1.42°S, - 77.33°W, 400 m, 3 December 1991, Tipaz et al. 507 (F, MO, QCNE); (Pastaza), E.E. Pastaza, km 32, vía Puyo-Macas, Tramo desde la Estación hacia el Río Pacayacu, - 1.5°S, - 77.93°W, 1040 m, 14 February 2002, Caranqui et al. 366 (MO 5853443); Vicinity of Shell, along road N to Río Alpayacu, 0.8 km, - 1.48°S, - 78.08°W, 1121 m, 9 May 2003, Croat et al. 88884 (CAS, MO); Vicinity of Shell, along Río Pindo, ca 1.5 km Nof Shell, - 0.49°S, - 78.06°W, 1085 m, 5 May 2003, Croat et al. 88535 (CAS, MO). Pichincha: (Quito), Parroquia Puerto Quito, Reserva Forestal de ENDESA, 10 km al norte de Alvaro Pérez Intriago, 0.05°N, - 79.12°W, 650–800 m, 11 June 1990, Cerón & Ayala 10149 (MO); R. de ENDESA "Corporación Forestal Juan manuel Durini", Río Silanche, Carretera Quito-Puerto Quito, km 113, 10 km al Nde la carretera principal, Faldas occidentales, Bosque primario y alrededores de la reserva, 0.08°N, - 79.03°W, 650–700 m, 8 July 1984, Jaramillo 6736 (CAS, F, NY, QCA ). Sucumbíos: (Gonzalo Pizarro), Campo Bermejo 6 N, 30 km al NW de Lago Agrio, Transectos, 0.23°N, - SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 M

24. Miconia quadridomius Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Clidemia cuatrecasasii Wurdack (1981: 248–249). Type: COLOMBIA. Dept. Valle: Puerto Merizalde, costa del pacífico, Río Naya, 5–20 m, 20–23 February 1943, Cuatrecasas 13957 (holotype: US!). Nec Miconia cuatrecasae Markgraf in Cuatrecasas (1933: 27). Openly branched shrub or small tree (1.5–) 2–6 m tall. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate, (2.1–) 3.2–4.9 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, surface of young leaves, primary and secondary veins adaxially, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, bracts apically, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth densely to copiously composed of ferruginous elongate slightly or moderately roughened trichomes 2–3 mm long, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, densely intermixed with an understory of clavate dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.3 mm long with short to moderately long thinwalled (flattened) arms. Leaves of each pair slightly to commonly anisophyllous in size; the semiterete short petioles 0.8–1.5 mm long, superficially canaliculate adaxially; larger blades 18–27 × 6.7–10.2 cm, smaller blades 7–16 × 2.5–6.5 cm, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, the base typically rounded, frequently becoming attenuate but ending in a rounded-cordate base, the margin serrulate to crenulate, the apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially with both the dendritic and elongate trichomes on the surface, primary and secondary veins becoming sparse to caducous with age, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrescent; abaxial surface glabrous, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely and caducously covered with the general dendritic trichomes; 5-(7-)plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein 0.3–2 cm above the base, forming a deeply tufted cavity beset with the general indumentum (acarodomatia?), areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, reticulation visible on both surfaces, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences a congested axillary fasciculate glomerule 1–1.5 cm long, sessile, unbranched, typically paired and seemingly cauliflorous on defoliated nodes; bracts 1.5–7 × 0.4–0.6 mm, subulate, thin, erect, with inconspicuous parallel venation, glabrous on the main surfaces but the general elongate roughened indumentum present at the apex, each bract seemingly branched, persistent to tardily deciduous in fruit. Flowers 4-merous on thick pedicels 0.4–1 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.7–3 × 0.9–1 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.3–1.7 mm long, tubular to suburceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, moderately scaly, the torus adaxially copiously beset with short-stalked glands with thinwalled short heads. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.1–0.3 mm long, adaxially with the same type of glands as the torus, abaxially with the same vestiture as the hypanthium; lobes 1.5–2 × 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate-oblong, 108 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA the margin entire, the apex retuse to obtuse, the adaxial surface glabrous or minutely resinous-puberulent, reflexed at anthesis; exterior calyx teeth 1–1.5 mm long, subulate, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes and barely spreading beyond them. Petals 1.5–3.5 × 0.6–1 mm, oblong to linear-oblong, the margin entire, the apex roundedobtuse, white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1.4–1.5 × ca. 0.2 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.3–1.5 × 0.23–0.36 mm, linear-oblong and slightly clavate, somewhat emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm; connective darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.2–0.3(–0.5) mm long, the appendage lanceolate, bluntly acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands rounded and conspicuously stalked to 0.2 mm long. Ovary 4-locular, 3/4 to completely inferior, 1.3–1.45 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.3–0.4 × 0.55–0.65 mm, conic, copiously glandular-ciliate; style 5–7 mm long, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to capitellate when dry. Berries 2–2.5 × 2 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, bright orange when ripe, the hypanthium indumentum persistent in fruit. Seeds 0.68–0.79 × 0.5–0.65 mm, pyramidal, brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone circular to suboblong, ca. 40% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, irregularly curved; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: Vía de Morro de Mico al “Mirador” por el camino hacia “Jurubidá” en dirección Sy posteriormente hacia “Copete de Pava” en dirección N, 6°5’N, 77°10’W, 0–100 m, 15 May 1990, Barbosa 6598 (MO, US); P.N. de Utría, Serranía ubicada al NE de la Ensenada de Utría por la trocha llamada del M-19, 6°20’N, 77°20’W, 0–100 m, 12 June 1990, García-Cossio & Agualimpia 500 (CHOCO, MO); Hoya del Río San Juan, Quebrada Taparal, afluente del Río San Juan, 4°12’N, 77°8’W, 5–10 m, 28 March 1979, Forero et al. 4247 (COL, MO). Valle: (Buenaventura), Along road between Buenaventura and Málaga vicinity of Bajo Calima, km 3.5.2 from main Cali-Buenaventura Hwy, at Gallinero, 4°0’N, 77°3’W, 100 m, 15 July 1993, Croat & Bay 75749 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Ca, 15 km Nof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 77°2’W, 50 m, 26 March 1986, Gentry et al. 53646 (MO, US); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, ca. 10 km due Nof Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, ca. 50 m, 5 December 1981, Gentry 35354 (CAS, MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, ca. 15 km Nof Buenventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, 3°56’N, 77°8’W, ca. 50 m, 18 February 1983, Gentry & Juncosa 40492 (MO); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Granja Agroforestal, 40 m, 29 March 1984, Devia 491 (MO, TULV); (Buenaventura), Bajo Calima, Estación Agroforestal, Secretaría de Agricultura y fomento, Parte NE del campamento, 40–60 m, 5 August 1979, Cabrera 5181 (CUVC, MO); (Buenaventura), San Isidro, Bosque INDERENA-CONIF, 40 m, 5 March 1989, Devia & Prado 2641 (CAS, TULV); (Cordoba), Dagua Valley, 80–100 m, 6 May 1922, Killip 5119 (US); La Trojita, Río Calima (región del Chocó), 5–50 m, 19 February 1944, Cuatrecasas 16623 (US). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: Road Lita-Alto Tambo-San Lorenzo, km 6.9 from Lita, 0°52’24.6"N, 78°29’33.2"W, 720 m, 30 September 2001, Cotton et al. 1794 (CAS, QCA). PANAMA. Comarca de San Blás: Headwaters of Río Nergala along continental divide, 350 m, 11 January 1985, de Nevers & Herrera 4515 (CAS, MO); Llano-Cartí Road, km 16, trail to creek on Atlantic drainage, 250–350 m, 2 February 1989, Almeda et al. 6522 (CAS, MO, NY, PMA); Nusagandi, Along continental divide on El Llano-Carti road, Headwaters of Atlantic draining creeks, 9°19’N, 78°15’W, 320 m, 12 August 1984, de Nevers & Pérez 3694 (CAS). Panamá: Along El Llano Carti-Tupile road, 12 mi above Pan-Am Hwy, 200–500 m, 26 March 1973, Liesner 1135 (CAS, NY). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Local and uncommon in understories of rain forests, typically in deep shade and/or along streams in Panama, Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 16), at 0–720 m. It is most common in the Bajo Calima region (part of the Chocó) in the department of Valle in Colombia. It was recently reported from Panama (Almeda 2009). Specimens from Ecuador that were previously attributed to this species are M. chocoensis. Phenology:— Collected in flower from January through March and from May through August; in fruit from February through March, June through September, and in December. Etymology:— The specific epithet honors José Cuatrecasas (1903–1996), Spanish botanist and prolific collector of Colombian plants. Discussion:— This distinctive species has an indumentum of elongate-roughened trichomes on vegetative and hypanthial parts, conspicuous 5-plinerved leaves and a poorly developed-sessile inflorescence. Almeda (2009) SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 109 noted that the Panamanian populations differ from those in Colombia by the presence of shorter bracts to 2 mm long (vs. 6–7 mm long) calyx lobes adaxially glabrous (vs. resinous-puberulent); we agree with these observations. In all other characters, the material from both countries is similar in foliar shape, indumentum details, and staminal and seed morphology. In M. quadridomius the leaves are plinerved, but there is a space formed in between the innermost pair of secondary veins and the primary vein before the point of divergence. This space may serve to house insects. Althought some ants were found in this leaf area among different specimens from the Bajo Calima region (Colombia), the morphology of this structure is not a usual ant-domatium. It is more similar to an acarodomatium; further natural history studies are required in order to elucidate the function of this structure. This species is similar to M. chocoensis, but differs in the foliar plinervation and in lacking white furrowed glands on the leaves abaxially. In M. quadridomius the vegetative and hypanthial indumentum is ferrugineous (vs. white), and consists of prominently roughened flattened-deflexed trichomes (vs. slightly roughened). Miconia quadridomius is also similar to M. approximata, which has vegetative pubescence that is shorter (0.3–0.7 mm long vs. 2–3 mm long), and the abaxial tertiary and higher order foliar veins densely resinous-glandular (vs. furfuraceous). In the protologue, Wurdack (1981) provides a detailed enumeration of the differences between these species. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). Protected only in Colombia in the Ensenada de Utría National Park (Chocó); the threats include destruction of its natural habitat and the fact that it is not protected in other parts of its range., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Wurdack, J. J. (1981) Certamen Melastomataceis XXXII. Phytologia 48 (3): 238 - 252.","Cuatrecasas, J. (1933) Plantae Colombianae Novae. Trabajos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Serie Botanica 26: 1 - 33.","Almeda, F. (2009) 180. Melastomataceae. In: Davidse, G., Sousa, M., Knapp, S. & Chiang, F. (Eds.) Flora Mesomericana Vol. 4 Cucurbitaceae a Polemoniaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D. F, pp. 164 - 337."]}

23. Miconia palenquensis (Wurdack 1978: 302) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Ossaea palenquensis Wurdack. Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Los Ríos: km 56 Quevedo-Santo Domingo, Río Palenque Biological Station, Trail 1, 150– 220 m, 7 October 1976, Dodson & Gentry 6553 (holotype: US!; isotypes: MO!, QCA-2 sheetsinternet images!, UC-internet image!). Shrub to 2.5–3 m tall. Upper internodes (3.4–7.4 cm long) and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles when present, adaxial surface of young leaves, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, and exterior calyx teeth copiously to moderately composed of brownish dendritic trichomes 0.1 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; sessile or with an inconspicuous terete petiole 0.2–0.3 cm long; blades 16–23 × 8–11 cm, oblong-elliptic to slightly obovate-elliptic, the base rounded-cordate and amplexicaul, the margin distantly undulate-serrulate, the apex bluntly acute, firm-chartaceous; mature leaf surface adaxially glabrescent, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous, the indumentum caducous on the tertiary and higher order veins; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging rather symmetrically from the primary vein 0.5–0.6 cm above the base, areolae 0.9–1 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated, canaliculate to terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences an axillary and terminal dithyrsoid 16–18 cm long, including a terete peduncle 6–7 cm long, pendant, laxly and divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, paired or solitary in the axils of upper leaves; bracts 0.3–0.4 × 0.15–0.2 mm, bracteoles 0.5–0.7 × 0.2–0.3 mm, linear-subulate, green-reddish, the indumentum caducous on both surfaces, deciduous to subpersistent on immature fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.5–0.6 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.9–2.1 × 1.5 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.9–1 mm long, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly 10- ribbed, greenish, the indumentum caducous becoming sparse, ridged on the inner surface, densely glandularpuberulent, some of the glands stalked with rounded-flattened heads, intermixed with a dense understory of sessile minute rounded glands, the torus adaxially glandular-puberulent, the glands with rounded-flattened and slightly furrowed heads. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, whitish; tube 0.4–0.5 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 1.1–1.2 × 1.1 mm, depressed-rotund, the margin entire, the apex obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces; exterior calyx teeth 0.2–0.3 mm long, minute and bluntly triangular, inserted inframarginally at the base of the calyx lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals 2.5–4 × 0.7–1 mm, oblong-lanceolate, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acuminate, white, glabrous on both surfaces, somewhat spreading at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1–1.3 × 0.25 mm, whitish, glabrous; anther thecae 1.4–1.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm, oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, whitish; connective darker than the thecae when dry, its prolongation and appendage 0.25–0.45 mm long, the appendage subulate, bluntly acute to obtuse at the apex, bearing conspicuous glandular trichomes at the apical edge, the glands with flattened rounded heads, slightly furrowed and minutely stalked, the stalks subulate. Ovary 5- locular, 9/10 to completely inferior, 1.2–1.4 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.2–0.3 × 0.4 mm, conic-truncate, densely glandular-puberulent with the same kind of glands as the torus adaxially and the staminal appendage; style 5–6 mm long, moderately narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma expanded truncate to capitellate. Berries 6.5–7.5 × 7.5–8.5 mm when dry, globose and slightly oblate, orange to red when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum subpersistent at maturity. Seeds 0.3–0.35 × 0.21–0.24 mm, ovoid, angled; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 90 % the length of the seed, ventrally expanded toward the micropyle; appendage absent but a small protuberance present; individual cells elongate, some anticlinal boundaries channeled, others raised, undulate, with U-type patterns; periclinal walls flat, microrelief verrucose to somewhat striate. Additional specimens studied:— ECUADOR. Azuay: 21 km SE of Troncal, track from Zuchay to manta Real, 1.5 km above Manta Real, above Río Patúl, 2°34'S, 79°21'W, 450 m, 14 August 1997, Lewis et al. 3450 (NY). Pichincha: Santo Domingo de los Colorados to Quito, ca 15 km Eof Santo Domingo, in woods along small stream Sof road, 0°20'S, 79°2'W, 700 m, 6 December 1986, Hammel & Trainer 15884 (MO). Los Ríos: Río Palenque B.R., km 56 Road Quevedo-Sto, Domingo, Along trail 1 about 200 m from junction with entrance road, 150–220 m, 5 March 1977, Dodson 6650 (MO). Illustration: et al. None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 107 Habitat, distribution and ecology:— This rarely collected species is known only from humid lowland Andean forests on the Pacific slope of Ecuador (Fig. 13), at 150–700 m. It has been collected at the Río Palenque Biological Station (Los Ríos) and in primary forest remnants on steep slopes along the Santo Domingo de los Colorados—Quito Road (Pichincha). The most recent collection is from the province of Azuay, representing the first record for this area in Ecuador. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in August, October and December; only in fruit in March. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the area where this species grows, close to the Palenque River in Ecuador. Discussion:— This species appears to be most closely related to M. bensparrei. Both are characterized by sessile, amplexicaul, oblong-elliptic leaves, and the brownish asperous indumentum on vegetative parts and hypanthia. In describing these two species in the same publication, Wurdack (1978a) differentiated them principally by their venation (5-plinerved vs. 7- or 9-plinerved in M. bensparrei) and differences in floral size (larger in M. bensparrei). He mentioned other characters, including pedicel size and inflorescence position. However, the inflorescences are terminal (eventually pseudolateral) in both, and the pedicel size is so small in both taxa that these differences seem insignificant. Asingle flower was dissected from the little available material in the fragment folder of the holotype. It has a well-developed, glandular apical collar on the ovary which Wurdack made no mention of. This glandular ovary collar is also present in M. bensparrei. The differences suggest that these two species may be conspecific but we have refrained from combining them until more collections come to light. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). This species is endemic to the western foothills of the Ecuadorean Andes, where habitat destruction is the major threat (Cotton & Pitman 2004). It is protected in the Río Palenque Biological Station (Los Ríos)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 107-108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Wurdack, J. J. (1978 a) Certamen Melastomataceis XXVII. Phytologia 38 (4): 287 - 307.","Cotton, E. & Pitman, N. (2004) Melastomataceae. In: Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Leon-Yanez, S. & Jorgensen, P. M. (Eds.) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 1 February 2012)."]}

33. Miconia veraguensis Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 26) Related to M. approximata by virtue of the densely fasciculate glomerules. Distinguished by the elliptic ovate berries which are larger than in its closest relatives; 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm. Type: PANAMA. Prov. Veraguas: Trail to Reserva Biológica Serranía de Tute and the summit of Cerro Tute about 0.7 km beyond the Escuela Agrícola Río Piedra just outside Santa Fe, 860–1300 m, 18 February 1996, Almeda et al. 7620 (holotype: CAS!; isotype MO!, NY!, PMA!). Little-branched shrub 1–1.5 m tall, bark green-brown. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate 1.09–1.91 cm long, cauline nodes slightly compressed becoming terete with age, nodal line present. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial leaf surface, primary, secondary and tertiary veins adaxially and abaxially, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth densely covered with caducous white-translucent elongate slightly roughened trichomes 1–1.5 mm long, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, intermixed with a dense understory of dendritic trichomes 0.2–0.5 mm long with moderately long thin-walled arms. Leaves of each pair slightly anisophyllous in size; subsessile to short-petiolate, the free rounded-quadrate petioles 0.42–0.95 cm long (on larger leaves) or 0.21–0.4 cm long (on smaller leaves), widely canaliculate adaxially, convexly 3-grooved abaxially, succulent, brownish; larger blades 12.5–20.5 × 6–9 cm, elliptic-obovate, the base acute or roundedcordate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin crenulate to subentire, the apex bluntly apiculate; smaller blades 6.5–14 × 4.75–8.7 cm, elliptic-obovate to obovate, the base slightly rounded to attenuate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin crenulate to subentire, the apex bluntly apiculate; chartaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves, primary, secondary and tertiary veins glabrescent, the elongate roughened trichomes denser toward the base, the higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface superficially glabrous, microscopically papillose with resinous unfurrowed or slightly furrowed glands to 0.1 mm in diameter, the indumentum on the secondary veins intermixed with a resinous understory of minute sessile to short-stalked glands 0.1 mm long with thin-walled short heads, these glands also present on the tertiary and higher order veins, sparsely intermixed with white furrowed sessile glands ca. 0.1 mm long; 5–(7-) plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging symmetrically from the primary vein 0.5–3 cm above the base, areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary and tertiary veins deeply impressed, the higher order veins slightly so, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, somewhat succulent, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised to flat. Inflorescences a congested, axillary and fasciculate many-bracted glomerule 1.22–2.18 cm long, sessile, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 139 unbranched, paired or appearing verticillate in the upper leaf axils and at defoliated nodes; bracts 5.43–7.04 × 2.75–3.95 mm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, concave, the apex acute, greenish, glabrescent, persistent in fruit. Flowers not seen, probably 4-merous based on persistent calyx lobes in fruit, sessile. Hypanthia in fruit 6.4–6.85 × 1.5–2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.6–1.8 mm long, subcylindric to urceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, green, the indumentum mostly consisting of dendritic trichomes to 0.3 mm long, intermixed with minute sessile glands and with white furrowed sessile glands, both ca. 0.1 mm long, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially glabrous, somewhat glossy. Calyx persistent in fruit, green to brown; tube 0.3–0.5 mm long, glabrous adaxially, with the same vestiture as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 2–2.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, triangular, slightly concave, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, the indumentum intermixed with the same two types of glands present on the hypanthium, spreading to reflexed in fruit; exterior calyx teeth to 1.8 mm long, linear-deltoid, thick, inserted half way up the lobes and projecting beyond them. Ovary (in fruit) 4-locular, completely inferior, 4.8–5 mm long, the apical collar 1 × 0.8–1 mm, conic, glandular-puberulent. Berries 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm when dry, globoseelliptic to globose-obovate, light green, ripening orange, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.57–0.75 × 0.39–0.44 mm, pyramidal, yellow-brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed, with a foot-like projection at the micropylar end; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 80% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed. Individual cells elongate and isodiametric, the latter found at the highest point of the seed, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low- to high-domed, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— PANAMA. Veraguas: Along trail to summit of Cerro Tute about 1/ 2 mile above the Escuela Agrícola Alto Piedra near Santa Fe, 8.48222°N, - 1.09805°W, 900–1100 m, 29 January 1989, Almedaet al. 6480 (CAS, MO, NY, PMA). Illustration:— Fig. 26. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— A local and uncommon species known only from cloud forests of Cerro Tute in the province of Veraguas, Panama (Fig. 16), at 860–1300 m. Phenology:— Collected in fruit in January and February. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the province of Veraguas in Panama, where this species appears to be endemic. Discussion:— This species has a distinctive white-translucent lanate vegetative indumentum, flowers that are congested in fasciculate glomerules with conspicuous bracts, and large bright orange mature berries. In its poorly developed inflorescences and rugose seeds, M. veraguensis is most similar, and also most closely related, to those species in the Approximata subclade that have sessile fasciculate glomerules. Miconia approximata which occurs nearly throughout Central America south to Ecuador has a thicker and darker vestiture, shorter, globose-oblate fruits at maturity (2–2.5 × 5–6 mm vs. 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm that is globose-elliptic to globose-obovate). In Veraguas province, M. approximata is only known from Isla de Coiba. Miconia veraguensis is also similar to M. chocoensis and M. quadridomius, two South American species that have a longer lanate indumentum (1.5–3 mm vs. 1–1.5 mm) and smaller berries. Although flowers of this species remain unknown, it is clearly distinct from its close relatives in the characters mentioned above. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Critically endangered CR Dbased on IUCN criteria. Because this species is rare and local in a protected area of the Cerro Tute in Veraguas, Panama, a status of Vulnerable VU is warranted. 140 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 141 142 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 143 144 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 145 146 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 147 148 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 149 Excluded species Clidemia radicans Pilger (1905: 179). Type: PERÚ. Amazonia: close to Leticia, Ule 6869 (holotype: MG; isotype: B-internet image!, photograph: F!). = Clidemia epiphytica var. trichocalyx (Blake) Wurdack (1964: 215–216). Ossaea ciliata (Triana) Cogniaux (1891a: 1067). Davya ciliata Grisebach (1860b: 265). Octopleura ciliata Triana (1871: 146). Type: In insula TRINITATIS, Crueger s.n. (holotype: BR-internet image!). = Miconia lateriflora Cogniaux (1909: 255). Ossaea involucrata (Grisebach) Triana (1871: 147). Type: CUBA. Prope Monte Verde, 1856–1857, Wright 194 (holotype: BR- 2 sheets-internet images!). = Calycogonium involucratum Grisebach (1860c: 184)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 139-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Pilger, R. (1905) Beitrage zur Flora der Hylaea nach den Sammlungen von E. Ule. Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins fur die Provinz Brandenburg und die Angrenzenden Lander 47: 100 - 191.","Wurdack, J. J. (1964) Melastomataceas nuevas venezolanas. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 25 (107): 212 - 216.","Cogniaux, A. (1891 a) Melastomacees. In: de Candolle, A. & de Candolle, C. (Eds.) Monographieae Phanerogamarum Vol. 7. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 1256.","Grisebach, A. H. R. (1860 b) Flora of the British West Indian Islands III. Lovell, Reeve & Co, London, UK, pp. 193 - 315.","Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 28: 1 - 188.","Cogniaux, A. (1909) Melastomatacees et Cucurbitacees Nouvelles de la Vallee de l'Amazone. Boletim do Museu Goeldi de Historia Natural e Ethnographia 5 (2): 253 - 257.","Grisebach, A. H. R. (1860 c) Plantae Wrightianae e Cuba Orientali I. Cantabriglae Nov. Angl., pp. 153 - 192. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 708"]}

17. Miconia incerta (Wurdack 1978a: 302–303) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Ossaea incerta Wurdack. Type: ECUADOR. Prov. Imbabura: Lita, 501 m, 25 April 1949, Acosta-Solís 12274 (holotype: F!). Small shrub 1–1.5 m tall, laxly and weakly branched. Upper internodes quadrisulcate, 2.9–7.4 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, and pedicels densely to moderately composed of translucent-yellowish dendritic trichomes 0.05–0.1 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of a pair isophyllous; sessile; blades (2.7–)5.5–15 × (1.1–) 1.9–9.8 cm, ovate to lanceolate, the base cordate and amplexicaul, the margin crenateserrate, the apex bluntly acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially soon glabrous, at first sparsely covered with the general dendritic trichomes, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; the abaxial surface glabrescent with a sparse resinous indumentum of slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands 0.04–0.05 mm long, the same type of glands sparsely present on the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially; 5-7- nerved, including the tenuous marginals, areolae 0.4–0.5 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the primary vein canaliculate, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences an axillary fewflowered thyrsoid 8–11 cm long, including a thin reddish peduncle 3–4 cm long, pendant and laxly divaricate from the peduncle apex, paired on the upper and lateral leaves; bracts 0.25–0.35 × 0.15–0.2 mm, subulate-linear, erect, glabrous, persistent in fruit; bracteoles 0.2–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm, linear, somewhat spreading, glabrous, persistent in fruit. Flowers (4-)5-merous on thin pedicels 1–1.5 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.7–2.9 × 2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm long, campanulate to subcylindric, bluntly (8-)10-ribbed, copiously resinousglandular with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands 0.05–0.1 mm long, occasionally intermixed with caducous dendritic trichomes, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous like the torus adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.2 mm long, glabrous inside, resinous-glandular like the hypanthium; lobes (0.5–)0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm, broadly and bluntly triangular, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex rounded, adaxially glabrous, abaxially moderately resinous-glandular; exterior calyx teeth 1.3–1.5 mm long, linear-subulate, inserted on the apical half of the calyx lobes and projecting beyond them, copiously resinous-glandular. Petals 6–6.3 × 0.75 mm, lanceolate, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute to acuminate, greenish to white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.5–2.5 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.9–2.5 × 0.3–0.35 mm, linear-oblong and subulate, truncate-acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter; connective slightly darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.6–0.75 mm long, the appendage lanceolate, acute at the apex, minutely and copiously glandular, the glands rounded and sessile. Ovary (4-)5-locular, 9/10 inferior, 2.2–2.4 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.2–0.3 × 0.2–0.25 mm, conic-depressed, with a corona of ca. 10 resinous-glandular setulae; style not seen at anthesis, parallel sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate when dry. Berries 3.5–4 × 2 mm when dry, globose, red when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum somewhat persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.33–0.37 × 0.27–0.3 mm, ovoid, not angled, dark-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point near the central part of the seed; raphal zone ovate to suboblong, ca. 80% the length of the seed, ventrally expanded toward the micropyle; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, somewhat undulate to irregularly curved; periclinal walls convex, low to high-domed, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: (Frontino), Nutibara, Cuenca alta del Río Cuevas, carretera a la Blanquita, 1350 m, 18 July 1987, Sánchez et al. 1485 (HUA, US). Chocó: Carretera Tutunendo-El Carmen, Entre kms 135 y 120, Alto Río Atrato, Orilla de la carretera, 800–1200 m, 29 April 1979, Forero et al. 6148 (COL, MO); (San José del Palmar), escuela antigua de Galapagos, cascadas al final de la trocha de la escuela, 1300 m, 20 February 2011, Mendoza 17636 (FMB). Valle: Río El Chanco, márgen izquierda, camino que conduce a Aguabonita, subiendo hacia la cabecera del Río El Chanco, 400 m, 3 April 1985, Ruiz et al. 111 (COL, CUVC). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: (Quininde), Bilsa Biological Station, Montañas de Mache, 35 km Wof Quininde, 5 km Wof Sta Isabela, 0°21'N, 79°44'W, 400–600 m, 30 December 1994, Pitman & Marsh 1130 (MO). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Rare in primary wet forests, also in disturbed sites, on the Pacific Andean slope of Colombia and Ecuador (Fig. 14), at 400–1350 m. Phenology:— Collected in bud in July. In flower and fruit in April and December. 82 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Etymology:— The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word incert (= uncertain), probably referring to the rarity of this species or its uncertain affinities. Discussion:— The style description is based on the protologue and Flora of Ecuador treatment (Wurdack 1980), because this floral part was missing on the few specimens available for study. Miconia incerta has distinctive sessile, amplexicaul ovate-lanceolate leaves, and a copiously resinousglandular hypanthium. Morphologically it is very similar to M. bensparrei and M. palenquensis especially with respect to the asperous vegetative indumentum, which in M. incerta is somewhat yellowish-translucent (vs. brownish), and in the sessile-amplexicaul leaves, which are very distinct in shape (ovate-lanceolate vs. elliptic or elliptic-obovate); the inflorescence architecture is also somewhat comparable, although less elaborated in M. incerta (thyrsoid vs. dithyrsoid). On the other hand, the hypanthial indumentum and anther morphology is clearly distinct, as well as the seed shape and micromorphology of the testa. The latter characters make it difficult to assess the systematic position of this species among described species in the Octopleura clade. In M. incerta, the multicellular seed sculpture (rugose) and its microrelief (striate) are similar to those found in the species of the Approximata subclade. However, other vegetative characters (complete lack of anisophylly, inflorescence architecture) and floral features (anther morphology) seem to negate any likely affinities to species of the Approximata subclade. Wurdack described the petals as ovate based on rehydrated buds, but they are actually lanceolate and similar to those in M. variabilis, which he considered close to M. incerta. Phylogenetically M. variabilis has a basal position among species of the Variabilis subclade, so they would be definitely be closely related if M. incerta is ultimately shown to belong to this subclade as well. Wurdack (1978a) also compared M. incerta with M. albertobrenesii but these two species are unquestionably distinct and not readily confused. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). Habitat destruction is the only known threat. This species was thought to be endemic to western Ecuador (but here it is reported from Colombia as well), where it is known from two collections (in Esmeraldas and Imbabura provinces). Discovered in 1949 near Lita and rediscovered in 1994 in the Bilsa private reserve, in the Reserva Ecológica Mache-Chindul (Esmeraldas). It may also occur in the Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas (Cotton & Pitman 2004).

25. Miconia quinquenervia (Miller 1768: 735) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Melastoma quinquenervium Miller. Octopleura quinquenervia (Mill.) Triana (1871: 145). Ossaea quinquenervia (Mill.) Cogniaux (1891a: 1064). Clidemia quinquenervia (Mill.) Almeda (2004: 112–114). Type: Exact locality not legible, Miller s.n. (holotype: BM-internet image!). 110 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Clidemia decurrens Beurling (1854: 127–128). Type: PANAMA. Portobello, in silvis ad viam versus Panama, April 1826, Billberg 280 (holotype: S-internet image!; isotypes: F-internet image!, MO!). Melastoma diversifolium Bonpland (1816: 138–140). Clidemia diversifolia (Bonpl.) de Candolle (1828: 159). Staphidium diversifolium (Bonpl.) Naudin (1851: 322). Octopleura diversifolia (Bonpl.) Triana (1871: 145). Ossaea diversifolia (Bonpl.) Cogniaux (1887a: 968). Type: COLOMBIA. Habitat ad ripas fluvii Magdalenae, frequens juxta S. Bartholomé, Bonpland 1617 (holotype: P; isotypes: P-3 sheets, US). Subshrub or shrub 0.5–4(–6) m tall with slender erect branching, bark green-brownish. Upper internodes [(2.6–)3.8–5.3(–11.1) cm] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial surface of young leaves, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes, and calyx teeth densely to moderately composed of brownish sessile to thinstipitate-dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms, sparsely intermixed with caducous elongate smooth trichomes 1–1.3 mm long. Leaves of each mature pair somewhat anisophyllous in size, the younger pairs being more or less isophyllous; the semiterete petiole 0.3–1 cm, deeply canaliculate adaxially, green-brownish; larger blades (10.2–)12–25 × (6.5–) 7.5–15 cm, smaller blades (4.5–)5–10.5 × (2.5–) 3–6 cm, broadly elliptic to ovate, the base rounded to abruptly attenuate and slightly oblique, narrowly long-decurrent on the petiole, the margin ciliolate-denticulate, the apex bluntly acute to short-acuminate, or obtuse, chartaceous; the adaxial surface flushed pink at the base of juvenile leaves, at maturity the adaxial surface rapidly becoming glabrate, or moderately to sparsely strigose with brownish elongate smooth trichomes 0.5–1.5 mm long, the primary and secondary veins on young leaves copiously covered with the general dendritic trichomes, becoming glabrate, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface occasionally flushed red or chocolate brown when dry, glabrate except for a few dendritic trichomes and resinous glands on the venules, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely beset with caducous resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands Inflorescences a pseudolateral multiflorous dithyrsoid 2–4 cm long, including a peduncle 0.2–0.5 cm long or sessile, highly and divaricately branched from the peduncle apex or the base, borne on the upper foliar nodes, rachis bright pink; bracts and bracteoles 0.5–0.7 × 0.2 mm, subulate-apiculate, occasionally with two thick trichomes projecting from the base, pink, the bracts spreading, the bracteoles spreading to erect, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.25–0.5 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.5–2.7 × 1 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.3–1.5 mm long, suburceolate to campanulate, bluntly 10-ribbed, yellowish becoming bright pink, copiously to sparsely resinous-glandular with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, pinkishgreen; tube 0.1–0.3 mm long, with the same vestiture of the torus adaxially and of the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.1–0.25 × 0.25 mm, broadly triangular, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex bluntly acute, glabrescent with few resinous glands; exterior calyx teeth 0.5–1 mm long including the apical trichome, bluntly conic and>3 aristate, the aristae brownish, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes and projecting beyond them, glabrescent. Petals 0.75–1.5(–1.7) × 0.75–1 mm, obovate-oblong, with a projecting infra-apical abaxial tooth, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse, white, densely papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1–1.5(–1.7) × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5–2.4 × 0.25–0.35 mm, linear-oblong and subulate, truncate to emarginate and short-acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1–0.15 mm in diameter, cream to light yellow at anthesis; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.25–0.45 mm long, the appendage oblong-spatulate, obtuse at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands sessile to shortly stalked and rounded. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, ca. 1.2 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.3 mm in diameter, somewhat depressed, caducously glandular-puberulent; style 5.5–6 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous or rarely sparsely to copiously glandular-puberulent at the base; stigma expanded truncate to capitellate. Berries 4–5 × 4.5 mm when dry, globose-oblate, bright pink, then green, and ultimately ripening purple-black, the hypanthial indumentum somewhat persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.33–0.54 × 0.16–0.2 mm, ovoid, angled, light-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 10–20% larger than the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 111 length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, dark-brown; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief inconspicuously punctate. Chromosome number: n=17. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: (Nicocli), Haught 4924 (US); (Turbo), Quebrada Isaías, Eof Turbo, 50 m, 8 July 1946, Haught 4946 (US); Cauca Valley, vicinity of Puerto Valdivia, Roadside vegetation, 300 m, 19 August 1976, Gentry et al. 17927 (COL, MO, NY). Bolívar: Boca Verde, Río Sinú, 8.64°N, - 76.06°W, 13–14 February 1918, Pennel 4227 (US). Caldas: (Chinchiná), orilla Quebrada Campo Alegre, 1200 m, 17 February 1990, Aguirre et al. 12 (COL). Chocó: Río El Valle, Cerca a la desembocadura del Río Miniquía, entre éste y el Río Mutatá, 7 January 1973, Forero & Gentry 742 (COL, F); Río Ciego, 17 June 1967, Duke 13290 (NY); Trail from Unguía along Río Tigre toward base of Serranía del Darién, 200–300 m, 16 July 1975, Gentry & Aguirre 15208 (MO, NY). Cundinamarca: (San Antonio), 200 m, 14 June 1948, Haught 6241 (CAS, F, NY, US). Magdalena: P.N. Tayrona, Along mule trail from Pueblito to Calabazo, 11°19’N, 73°58’W, 250–450 m, 26 October 1972, Kirkbride 2565 (F, NY, US); Alto Río Frío, Cabeceras del Río Congo, Ciudad Antigua, por el camino al río, 10°59’N, 74°4’W, 1000–1100 m, 25 July 1989, Madriñán & Barbosa 497 (NY). Meta: P.N.N. Tinigua, Río Duda, Serranía Chamusa, Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas La Macarena, Trocha a Puerto de Invierno, 350 m, Julio 1996, Stevenson 1818 (COL). Quindio: (Montenegro), Vereda La Montaña, finca El Reflejo, 1090 m, 30 October 1990, Vélez et al. 2611 (COL). Tolima: (Mariquita), 500 m, 10 November 1938, Haught 2429 (CAS, US). COSTARICA. Cartago: (Atirro), 600 m, April 1896, Smith 6547 (US); (Jiménez), No protegida, Cuenca del Reventazón, Pelibaye, Turrialba, camino a El Copal, del Humo al Copal, 9°47’0"N, 83°43’13"W, 760 m, 5 January 2010, Kriebel et al. 5451 (INB, MO, NY). Heredia: At confluence of Ríos Sarapiquí and Puerto Viejo, 100 m, 1–6 August 1968, Schnell 1015 (F, US). Limón: Vicinity of Moin, 3 km Wof Limón, 19 July 1974, Utley & Utley 5548 (CAS); Along Highway 32 from Turrialba to Limón, ca. 11 miles Sof Siquerres, 650 m, 13 August 1977, Croat 43352 (CAS, MO); About 2 km Nof Bribri along banks of the Río Sand Box, 100 m, 17 July 1976, Utley & Utley 5495 (CAS); ca. 7 km SSW of Home Creek on the road to Bribri, 200 m, 26 July 1977, Almeda et al. 3256 (CAS, CR); Near Carmen Station on Indiana Branch, 30 m, 20 February 1926, Standley & Valerio 48361 (US); Goldengrove, drenaje de Río Reventazón, 15 m, 23 October 1951, Shank & Molina 4375 (EAP, US); (Piuta), Adjacent to Limón, 5 m, 18 September 1968, Davidse & Pohl 1249 (ISC, US); Hamburg Finca, On the Río Reventazón below Cairo, 55 m, 19 February 1926, Standley & Valerio 48677 (US); Approximately 4.5 km NE of Bribri and 15 km Sof Cahuita along road to Bribri, 100 m, 12 March 1978, Utley 6048 (CAS); ca 5.5 km Wof Limón on the road to Siquirres, Along the road, 27 July 1977, Almeda et al. 3261 (CAS, CR); Río Catarata, 1 to 3 km Nof Bribri, Río Sixaola drainage, 9°38’N, 82°50’W, 20–200 m, 9–10 September 1978, Burger & Antonio 10977 (CAS, F). ECUADOR. Napo: Río Zumino (Sumino), tributary of the Río Napo, ca 5 km NE of Santa Rosa, 8 August 1968, Lugo 202 (F, NY, US); Río Napo between Coca (Puerto Francisco de Orellana) and Armenia Vieja, - 0.5°S, - 77.03°W, 250–350 m, 15 February 1974, Harling & Andersson 11986 (MO, US); Sacha Lodge, 3 km NW of the village Anangu, near the Napo river., - 0.5°S, - 76.43°W, 200 m, 5 June 1995, Clark et al. 969 (MO). Pastaza: Río Pastaza, between Destacamento Chiriboga and Apachi Entza, 2°20–35’S, 76–77°55–8’W, 285 m, 24 July 1980, Øllgaard et al. 35173 (CAS, US). HONDURAS. Gracias a Dios (La Mosquitia): (Ahuas Bila), 200 km SW de Puerto Lempira, orilla del Río Wankí, Coco o Segovia, 100 m, 5–13 May 1985, Nelson & Cruz 9345 (CAS, UNAH). NICARAGUA. Jinotega: Macizos de Peñas Blancas, 1400 m, 5 May 1976, Neill 7127 (CAS). Zelaya: Sector de Negro Wás, entre El Empalme y Rosita, 13°45’N, 84°25’W, 200 m, 5 September 1984, Ortiz 2123 (CAS, HULE); (Siuna), Wany, 27 August 1982, Ortiz 47 (CAS, HULE); Río Kusulí, 13°24’N, 85°19’W, 200 m, 4 March 1981, Stevens & Moreno 19258 (CAS, MO); Caño Matis (El Cianuro) cruce la carretera Wany-Siuna, ca 2 km Wde Siuna, 13°40’30"N, 85°45’40"W, 26 October 1982, Grijalva & Burgos 1578 (CAS, HULE). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Lincoln Creek, 28 June 1921, Carleton 87 (F, US). Canal Zone: Pipeline road near Río Agua Salud, 21 October 1972, Kennedy & Redemsky-Young 1833 (MO, NY); (Barro Colorado Island), 18 September 1982, Schmalzel & Schupp 955 (CAS, MO); Las Cascadas Plantation, near Summit, 2 December 1923, Standley 25688 (US); Vicinity of Madden Dam, 90 m, 8 October 1939, Allen 2009 (MO, US); (Barro Colorado Island), 25 August 1929, Bangham 374 (US); Along Changuinola River, 8 January 1924, Dunlap 296 (US); (Barro Colorado Island), Shoreline between Dock and Dump Cove, 13 September 1968, Croat 6050 (F, MO); George W. Green Park, Eof Summit Garden, in Madden Forest Preserve, Pacific Water Shed, near Continental Divide, 91 m, 10 August 1961, Welch 19632 (NY); Pipeline Road, 6 km along road, 9°13’N, 79°43’W, 100–200 m, 27 October 1980, Systma 1940 (CAS, MO); P.N. Soberanía, Madden Forest, las Cruces 112 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Trail, 3.6 mi Nof Gamboa Road turn-off, 9°26’20"N, 79°37’20"W, 140 m, 23 July 1994, Croat & Zhu 77060 (CAS, MO); (Barro Colorado Island), Lutz creek near Donate Trail, 100–300 m, 8 October 1968, Croat 6792 (MO). Colón: Nof Diamante, ridge NW of abandoned mine on Quebrada de la Mina, 9°24’N, 79°35’W, 600–700 m, 11 January 1984, Churchill & de Nevers 4216 (CAS, MO); 1–2 km from the Portobelo Highway up the Río Guanche, 9°30’N, 79°40’W, 0–50 m, 17 February 1982, Knapp 3641 (CAS, MO); (Peluca), ca 27 km from Transistmian Highway on road to Nombre de Dios, Trail to Río Boquerón and along bank, 25 February 1973, Kennedy 2635 (CAS, MO); Along Río Boquerón near N.1 (manganese mine), Eof Salamanca, 9°35’N, 79°32’W, 50 m, 3 July 1982, Knapp et al. 5804 (CAS, MO); Forest and forest edge from Portobelo Highway to 4 km up Río Guanche, 9°30’N, 79°40’W, 0–50 m, 30 August 1981, Knapp 990 (CAS, MO); Along Río Boquerón above Mina Boquerón #1 (manganese mine), main valley of Río Boquerón, 9°20’N, 79°35’W, 100–200 m, 13 December 1981, Knapp & Sytsma 2448 (CAS, MO); Río Guanche, 9°30’N, 79°39’W, 0–75 m, 16 October 1980, Systma 1712 (CAS, MO). Darién: Mannene to the mouth of the Río Cuasí, 28 April 1968, Kirkbride & Bristan 1496 (NY); Subiendo por el Río Peresénico desde la Estación de Pirre, 28 September 1989, Palacios et al. 402 (CAS, PMA); De la estación de Cruce Mono hasta la quebrada Ipelisa (límite del parque), 28 August 1990, Aranda et al. 1517 (CAS, PMA). Panamá: Forests between Juan Mina, Canal Zone, and El Virgía, 20–80 m, 11–12 January 1911, Pittier 2401 (US); Isla Majé, Bayano, Trocha C, campamento del G.M. L, 20 August 1976, Garibaldi 208 (NY, PMA, US); Area around Torti Arriba, 31 August 1977, Folsom 5153 (CAS, MO); Patch of forest along Panamerican Highway, 5 mi Wof bridge over Bayano lake, 200 m, 14 October 1978, Hammel & D'Arcy 5109 (CAS, MO); 3.4 mi Eof Cañasas, checkpoint on PanAm. Hwy. in selectively cut forest ca. 4.5 km from road, Panamá-Darién border, foothills of Serranía de Cañas, 8°52’N, 78°15’W, 100 m, 12 September 1981, Knapp 1160 (CAS, MO); Along stream 1 mi Nof Summit Gardens towards Gamboa, 11 February 1981, Systma 3497 (CAS, MO); Canal Area, Boy Scout camp near Lake Madden, 100 m, 29 August 1982, Hamilton & Stockwell 1149 (CAS, MO); Serranía de Majé, ridges Sof Choco village of Ipetí, Río Ipetí drainage system, 8°47’N, 78°27’W, 500–600 m, 11 December 1981, Knapp & Sytsma 2365 (CAS, MO); Cañitas near dam site, just Sof Panamerican Highway, 9°10’N, 78°52’W, 150 m, 19 September 1982, Hamilton & D'Arcy 1415 (CAS, MO); (Piriatí), Sof Pan-Am Highway, 9°0’N, 78°30’W, 200–400 m, 8 August 1982, Hamilton 538 (CAS, MO); Serranía de Majé, Trail along Río Ipetí, near confluence with Río Ambroino, 8°57’N, 79°32’W, 100 m, 29 January 1984, Churchill & de Nevers 4475 (CAS, MO); Río Ipetí, Sof Panamerican Highway, 9°3’N, 78°25’W, 100 m, 17 September 1982, Hamilton & D'Arcy 1329 (CAS, MO); Hills Sof Guacuco, 8 km Eof Ipetí, 8°55’N, 78°20’W, 300 m, 18 September 1982, Hamilton & D'Arcy 1353 (CAS, MO); Pipeline Road, 10 to 15 km Nof Gamboa, 9°10’N, 73°45’W, 50 m, 16 September 1984, de Nevers 3892 (CAS, MO). San Blas: Ailigandi area, Along trail from ocean to waterfall on river, 0–61 m, 7 October 1978, Hammel & D'Arcy 4989 (CAS, MO); Tierra firme frente a Isla Miria Ubigandup, camino Digole, 9°26’N, 78°54’W, 0–20 m, 19 July 1987, Herrera 265 (CAS, PMA); Ailigandi cutover area along river feeding town water supply, At base of and on large (ca 50 m tall) limestone outcrop approximately 3 km inland, 8 October 1978, Hammel & D'Arcy 5014 (CAS, MO). VENEZUELA. Portuguesa: (Guanare), 17 km NW of Tucupido by road, future basin of Represa Tucupido and lower forested, Nslope of Fila Las Palmas, 9°1’N, 69°57’W, 200–400 m, 30 October 1982, Davidse et al. 21455 (CAS, MO, NY). Zulia: (Bolívar), Cuenca del Embalse Burro Negro (Pueblo Viejo): sector entre Quirós-El Pensado y el pie de Cerro Socopo, en el área aprox, 10 km en línea recta al Ede Churuguarita, 250–300 m, 5–8 August 1980, Bunting 9508 (NY); (Mara), La Yolanda, Cuenca del Río Guasare, alrededores del Destacamento Guasare N. 1, 10°52’10"N, 72°29’30"W, 200–250 m, 9 November 1982, Bunting et al. 11977 (CAS, US). Illustration:— Bonpland (1816): Pl. 59. Common names and documented uses:— Ecuador: “paichi panga”, for curing fevers (Clark et al. 969, MO!). Panama (Barro Colorado Island): “fruta de pava” (Croat 1978). Habitat, distribution, and ecology:— Uncommon to locally common in gallery forests, semideciduous forests, rain forests margins, river or stream banks, pasture margins and disturbed sites, often in deep or partial shade from Honduras south through southern Central America to Colombia, Venezuela (Portuguesa, Zulia), and Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza) (Fig. 16), at 0–700(–1400) m. In Nicaragua it occurs in the “zona Atlántica” (Almeda 2001). In Costa Rica it is mostly restricted to the Caribbean slope. In Panama, it is known principally from tropical wet forests in the Canal Zone, all along the Atlantic slope, and in Panama and Darién, on the Pacific slope; also known from humid forests in Panama (Panama City), Col&oa, Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 110-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary 8 th Edition. John & Francis Rivington, London, 1366 pp.","Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 28: 1 - 188.","Cogniaux, A. (1891 a) Melastomacees. In: de Candolle, A. & de Candolle, C. (Eds.) Monographieae Phanerogamarum Vol. 7. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 1256.","Almeda, F. (2004) Novelties and Nomenclatural Adjustments in the Neotropical Genus Clidemia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 55 (4): 89 - 124.","Beurling, P. J. (1854) Primitae Florae Portobellencis. Kongliga, Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar, pp. 108 - 148.","Bonpland, A. (1816) Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland. Sixieme Partie, Botanique. Monographie des Melastomatacees. Librairie Greque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, 144 pp.","Candolle, A. P. de. (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Vol. 3. Treuttel et Wurz, Paris, France, 746 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Cogniaux, A. (1887 a) Notice sur les Melastomatacees Austro-Americaines de M. Ed. Andre. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique 14 (12): 927 - 973.","Croat, T. (1978) Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 943 pp.","Almeda, F. (2001) Melastomataceae. In: Stevens, W. D., Ulloa, C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O. M. (Eds.) Flora de Nicaragua Vol. 85, Tomo II Angiospermas (Fabaceae-Oxalidaceae). Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 1339 - 1419.","Wurdack, J. J. (1980) 138. Melastomataceae. In: Harling, G. & Sparre, B. (Eds.) Flora of Ecuador Vol. 13. University of Goteborg & Swedish Museum of Natural History, Goteborg & Stockholm, Sweden, 406 pp."]}

18. Miconia latidecurrens Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 22) Related to M. laxivenula with which it shares the glabresecent appearance and laxly reticulate leaves. Distinguished by its widely decurrent leaf bases all along the petioles, and 5-merous flowers. Type: PANAMA. Prov. Colón: Donoso, Coclé del Norte, área del helipad TO2A, tomando la ruta S, a orilla de una trocha, 08°53’28”N, 80°40’42”W, 110 m, 18 July 2012, Martínez 880 (holotype: CAS!; isotype: PMA). Slender treelet to 3 m. Upper internodes 3.35–6.61 cm long, compressed-rounded and weakly to moderately carinate, cauline nodes rounded-compressed, nodal line present as a minute ridge. Indumentum on branchlets, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth sparsely and caducously composed of resinous amorphous lepidote trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long with only partially fused radii. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; sessile; blades 29.2–43.8 × 11.5–13.8 cm, oblongelliptic, the base attenuate and widely decurrent on the petiole extending to the node, the margin entire, the apex bluntly short-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrous like the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins; abaxial surface reddish, superficially glabrous, microscopically papillose with rounded glands ca. 0.02 mm in diameter, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging asymmetrically from the primary vein 5.5–9.5 cm above the decurrent base, areolae 2–5 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary and tertiary veins impressed, the higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and prominently carinate, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated to flat. Inflorescences an erect pseudolateral dithyrsoid 12–13.5 cm long, including a compressedrounded peduncle 2.8 cm long, divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, borne in the upper foliar axils; bracts 0.8–1 × 0.7 mm, bracteoles 1–1.2 × 1 mm, deltoid-concave, with the bases of each pair confluent to form a welldefined deflexed flaplike outgrowth that encircles the pedicel base and nodes of the inflorescence axes, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.3 lengthening 0.5 mm long in fruit, the central flower of each dichasium sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.2–2.3 × 1.6–1.8 mm, free portion of hypanthium ca. 1 mm long, globose to somewhat urceolate, bluntly 10-ribbed, ridged on the inner surface, minutely beset with sessile translucent glands, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 83 the torus adaxially puberulent with subulate fine trichomes. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube 0.3–0.4 mm long, glabrous adaxially, with the same vestiture as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.2–0.3 × 0.6 mm, vaguely undulate, the margin entire, the apex rounded-truncate; exterior calyx teeth to ca. 0.3 mm long, tuberculiform, inserted at the base of the lobes and barely projecting beyond them. Petals 4–4.2 × 1.5 mm, oblong, the margin entire, the apex rounded, white, glabrous on both surfaces, erect to somewhat spreading at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.6–1.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5–1.7 × 0.4 mm, oblong and slightly clavate, emarginate at the apex, opening by two dorsally inclined pores 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter, white and browning with age; connective somewhat darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.4–0.5 mm long, the appendage oblong, rounded at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands stalked with rounded-flattened heads, becoming sparse on the rest of the connective dorsally, white. Ovary 5-locular, 2/3 inferior, 1.7–1.8 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, conic, minutely glandular-puberulent apically; style 6–6.5 mm long at anthesis, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous; stigma expanded-truncate. Berries 3.32–3.42 × 3.6–4.43 mm when dry, globose-oblate, white when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum subpersistent at maturity. Seeds 0.49–0.55 × 0.16–0.18 mm, ovoid-angled to somewhat pyramidal, shiny-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes triangular to suboblong, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, as large as to 100% larger than the corpus of the seed, ventrally expanded throughout its length becoming larger at the chalazal end, shiny-whitish; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief verrucose to somewhat striate. Additional specimens studied:— COSTA RICA. Heredia: (Sarapiquí), La Virgen, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, Sendero Hunter, 10°25’02”N, 84°07’00”W, 184 m, González 10598 (CR, NY); (Sarapiquí), La Virgen, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, Sendero Hunter, 10°25’02”N, 84°07’00”W, 184 m, González 10615 (CR, NY). PANAMA. Colón: Tevk Cominco Petaquilla mining concession, collected in and near transect C006, 8.82°N, - 80.66°W, 155 m, 20 September 2012, McPherson 19727 (MO); W-most part of province, site of proposed copper mine (INMET), Along proposed road to coast, 8.97°N, - 80.71°W, 130 m, 9 April 2012, McPherson & Serein 20808 (MO); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, área del helipad CR10, tomando hacia el S, 8°56'30"N, 80°41'33"W, 18 July 2012, Aranda et al. 4226 (CAS, PMA); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, área del helipad TO2A, caminando hacia la ruta W, 8°53'58"N, 80°40'86"W, 143 m, 19 July 2012, Espinosa et al. 6010 (CAS); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, área del helipad TO2A, caminando hacia la ruta N, 8°53'79"N, 80°40'80"W, 77 m, 17 July 2012, Espinosa et al. 5998 (CAS); (Donoso), Siteof proposed copper mine (MPSA), 8°57’55”N, 80°41’59”W, 70 m, 3 December 2009, McPherson & Merello 21035 (CAS); (Donoso), area fuera de la concesión de Minera Panama, Helipad C 10, area del Río Belencillo, 8°48’26”N, 80°43’08”W, 102 m, 28 August 2012, Ortiz et al. 871 (CAS, MO); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, Helipad C 13, rumbo N, cerca del Río Belencillo, 8°49’09”N, 80°47’11”W, 26 August 2012, Zapata et al. 3034 (CAS, MO); (Donoso), Coclé del Norte, cerca del Río Escribano, area del helipad BL03, 8°50’44”N, 80°49’31”W, 60 m, 23 August 2012, Martínez et al. 952 (CAS, MO). Colón-Panamá: Trail from Alto Pacora to Cerro Brewster, 9°18'N, 79°16'W, 700 m, 18 November 1985, de Nevers et al. 6233 (CAS, MO). Illustration:— Fig. 21. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— Known from the westernmost part of the province of Colón in Panama, disjunctly to Alto Pacora, and in La Virgen in Costa Rica (Fig. 14), at 60–700 m. Most of the collections are from lowland forests on steep slopes near the site of a copper mine in Panama (60–155 m), and there is one record from a higher elevation (700 m) tropical wet forest on a trail that connects Alto Pacora with Cerro Brewster. In its restricted range this species is commonly found close to streams. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in July and August; with inmature flowers in August, and only in fruit in April, September and November. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the large widely decurrent leaf bases of this species. Discussion:— This species can be readily recognized by its widely decurrent foliar bases that extend all the way to the node, superficial glabrosity throughout, and 5-merous flowers. The Panamanian individuals have leaves that are laxly reticulate and reddish abaxially. This coloration is not present in the one Costa Rican collection. It most resembles M. laxivenula which has similar caducous squamate-amorphous indumentum and laxly reticulate leaves, but with prevailingly 4-merous flowers and leaves that are never sessile. The decurrent leaf bases and large leaves are similar to M. sessilis, which has a more obvious puberulent indumentum and 4-merous flowers. 84 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Conservation status:— This species would be considered Endangered EN B2ab(iii) based on IUCN criteria (AOO). Althought it occurs in an area that will become protected, the AOO, its fragmented habitat and its destruction result in this taxon being relegated to the threatened category of Vulnerable VU. This species is considered not endangered by the MPSA database. The MPSA is a mining concession in Panama that is currently evaluating the plant diversity around the mine areas with assistance from staff botanists at the Missouri Botanical Garden and collaborating specialists. This species was recently collected in what would become a protected area around the mine., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 83-85, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1

13. Miconia chocoensis (Wurdack 1960: 237–238) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Clidemia chocoensis Wurdack. Type: COLOMBIA. Intendencia El Chocó: Bahía Solano, dense forest along Quebrada Jellita, 50–100 m, 22 February 1939, Killip & García 33520 (holotype: US!; isotypes: MO!, NY!). Shrub with lax branches 1–3.5 m tall, bark green to brownish. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate, 1.6–4.3 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, leaf surfaces, primary and secondary veins of young leaves adaxially, primary leaf veins abaxially, bracts, hypanthia, calyx lobes and exterior calyx teeth densely to copiously covered with white elongate slightly roughened trichomes 1.5–2.5 mm long, each SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 73 trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, densely intermixed with an understory of clavate dendritic trichomes 0.1–0.15 mm long with short to moderately long thin-walled (flattened) arms. Leaves of each pair slightly to markedly anisophyllous in size; the semiterete short petioles 0.4–1.7 cm long, superficially canaliculate adaxially, the channel obscured by dense indumentum; larger blades 11.5–25.5 × 5–10 cm, smaller blades 4–15 × 2–7 cm, elliptic-obovate, the base acute-rounded, the margin entire to sinuate or entire to obscurely and distantly undulateserrulate, the apex acuminate-caudate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially with both the elongate and dendritic trichomes on the surface, primary and secondary veins becoming sparse to caducous with age, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrescent; abaxial surface essentially glabrous except for few glands on the venules, the secondary veins copiously covered with the dendritic trichomes, frequently intermixed with white furrowed sessile glands ca. 0.025 mm long, and with fewer resinous glands of the same type, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely and caducously beset with the same type of glands; 5-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, areolae 0.4–0.6 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins slightly to shallowly elevated and terete. Inflorescences a congested axillary fasciculate glomerule 1–1.4 cm long, sessile, unbranched, typically paired and appearing cauliflorous on defoliated nodes; bracts (seen in field photographs) minutely subulate-triangular, rather spreading below the hypanthium, green, concealed by the dense indumentum at anthesis, early deciduous in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 3–3.3 × 2–2.9 mm, free portion of the hypanthium 1.5–1.8 mm long, suburceolate to globose, bluntly 10-ribbed, the ribs and green color obscured by the white dense indumentum, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous to somewhat scaly like the torus adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, green; tube 0.35–0.45 mm long, glabrous on the inner surface and with the same vestiture as the outer hypanthial surface; lobes 1.3 × 1.2 mm, ovate, the margin entire, the apex rounded, reflexed at anthesis; exterior calyx teeth 0.5–1 mm long, subulate, inserted near the base of the calyx lobes and barely exceeding them in length. Petals 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, oblong-ovate, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse, white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1–1.2 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 0.75–1.2 × 0.38–0.45 mm, linear-oblong and widely clavate, emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1–0.15 mm in diameter, pale yellow at anthesis and turning brown with age; connective darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.3–0.5 mm long, the appendage oblong, bluntly acute to acuminate at the apex, densely and conspicuously glandular, the glands sessile or short-stalked and rounded, denser on the appendage and becoming fewer toward the connective apex. Ovary 5-locular, 1/2 to 2/3 inferior, 1.7–1.9 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter, conic to somewhat truncate with a slightly raised perimeter, densely covered with minute sessile glands; style 2.9–3.1 mm long, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate when dry. Berries 2–2.5 × 2.9–3.2 mm when dry, globose-oblate, green-yellow becoming bright orange when ripe, the hypanthium indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.48–0.53 × 0.28–0.31 mm, pyramidal, brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed, with a foot-like projection at the micropylar end; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 80 % the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries somewhat channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns, others raised, more or less straight; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, others concave, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: (Nuquí), Coquí, Quebrada Trapiche al sureste de Coquí, 5°32’N, 77°15’W, 100–160 m, February 1994, Galeano et al. 5565 (COL, US); Río Pavasa, near Espejo waterfalls, 50–100 m, 18 May 1974, Warner 259 (MO); (Bahía Solano), Ciudad Mutis, Jardín Botánico del Pacífico, Cerro Palo on trail to cell phone antenna (on Cerro Mecana), 6.248°N, - 77.35°W, 8 February 2012, Almeda et al. 10473 (CAS, CHOCO, COL). Risaralda: (Mistrató), Puerto de Oro, Chirrincha, Margen izquierdo del Río Aguita, 950 m, 11 April 1991, Franco et al. 3581 (US). ECUADOR. Carchi: Nside of Río Mira, across from Lita, Steep N-facing slope directly across from (S of) community of Barboso, on Sside of Río Barboso, Transect 750-2, 0°53’N, 78°27’W, 750 m, 11 August 1994, Boyle & Boyle 3565 (MO); Property of Humberto Rosero, on Nside of Río Mira, Just above cable crossing upstream from Lita and downstream from Cachaco, On steep W-facing slope, 0°52’N, 78°2’6"W, 760–780 m, 20 August 1994, Boyle et al. 3652 (MO). Esmeraldas: Road Lita-Alto Tambo-San Lorenzo, km 6.9 from Lita, Wet forest by river on side of road, 0°52’24.6"N, 78°29’33.2"W, 720 m, 30 September 2001, Cotton et al. 1794 (CAS, MO, QCA). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. 74 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Habitat, distribution and ecology: — Miconia chocoensis is known from primary rain or premontane forest understory, commonly close to streams or rivers in the Biogeographic Chocó, from Colombia to Ecuador (Fig. 12), at 50–950 m. It has been poorly collected but is probably not uncommon. Prior to this study it had not been reported from Ecuador where it occurs at 720–780 m. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in February; in fruit in May, and from August to September. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the species: the department of Chocó in Colombia. Discussion:— Miconia chocoensis has distinct white lanate vegetative and floral indumentum, congested fasciculate glomerules of sessile flowers, fugacious or concealed bracts, and consistently 5-merous flowers. It is most similar, and probably sister to M. quadridomius with which it has been confused, and shares similar denselanate pubescence and inflorescence architecture (sessile congested fasciculate glomerules). In M. quadridomius the indumentum is rather ferrugineous. On the other hand, in M. quadridomius the leaves are strikingly 5-(7-) plinerved (vs. 5-nerved), with the possibly tufted-trichome domatia lacking in M. chocoensis, the bracts are persistent and rather conspicuous, and the flowers are consistently 4-merous. Within the Approximata subclade, both belong to a group of closely related species along with M. approximata and M. veraguensis, all of which share a similar clavate-furfuraceous vegetative indumentum (at least in the understory), sessile inflorescences, conspicuously reflexed ovate-triangular to subulate calyx lobes at anthesis, bright orange berries at maturity, and pyramidal rugulose seeds. Miconia chocoensis is reported here from Ecuador for the first time. It was thought to be endemic in Colombia. The Ecuadorian material was erroneously identified as M. quadridomius, which is understandable because the two species are easily confused for the reasons mentioned above. However, these specimens (Boyle 3565 MO!, 3652, MO!, and Cotton 1794 CAS!, MO!), have clearly 5-merous flowers, longer indumentum and the leaves are 5-nerved. Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). In Colombia it is only protected in the Jardín Botánico del Pacífico (Chocó)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Wurdack, J. J. (1960) Certamen Melastomataceis VI. Phytologia 7 (5): 233 - 244."]}

32. Miconia variabilis Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Octopleura robusta Triana (1871: 146). Ossaea robusta (Triana) Cogniaux (1891a: 1065). Type: COLOMBIA (Nouvelle Grenade). Dept. Nariño (Prov. de Barbacoas): Chutucal, 600 m, 1851–1857, Triana 4035 (holotype: BM-internet image!; isotypes: BR-internet image!, COL-internet image!, K-internet image!, NY!). Nec Miconia robusta Cogniaux (1887b: 270; M. tschudyoides Cogniaux (1887b: 327–328)). Shrub or small tree (1.2–)1.5–6(–7) m tall with branching from the upper nodes, bark green to brown-rusty. Upper internodes terete to compressed-rounded to rounded-quadrate 1.5–9 cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line present but faint and typically concealed by the dense indumentum. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, blade bases of young leaves and primary veins adaxially, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, 132 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA bracts and bracteoles abaxially, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes, calyx teeth, and petals abaxially copiously to moderately covered with brownish dendritic trichomes 0.05–0.08 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; the semiterete petiole 1–4.5 cm long, canaliculate adaxially; blades (6–)8.5–34.5 × (2.2–) 3.8–15 cm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, the base broadly acute to obtuse, occasionally somewhat decurrent on petiole, the margin obscurely and distantly undulate-denticulate to denticulate, the apex acuminate, rarely caudate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially with surface and primary vein glabrescent, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous except for a few minute resinous short-stalked glands 0.015 mm long with thin-walled short heads, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins sparsely beset with resinous glands of the same type and size; 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein asymmetrically (occasionally symmetrically) 0.5–2 cm above the blade base, areolae 0.2–0.3 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised. Inflorescences a pseudolateral multiflorous dithyrsoid 4–10 cm long, including a compressed-rounded to rounded-quadrate peduncle 0.5–0.8 cm long, divaricately branched from the peduncle apex, borne in the upper leaf axils, the rachis green; bracts and bracteoles 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, the bracts narrowly triangular to linear-oblong, the bracteoles triangular, green-brownish, glabrous adaxially, glabrescent abaxially, the bracts early deciduous, the bracteoles persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile or subsessile, pedicels 0.2–0.4 mm long when present. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.1–1.5 × 1.1–1.3 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.8–1(–1.2) mm long, globose to suburceolate, bluntly 10-ribbed, green-whitish, ridged on the inner surface, sparsely beset with resinous glands as well as the torus adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, light green; tube 0.2–0.3 mm long with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.2–0.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm, depressed-rounded, the margin entire, the apex obtuse; exterior calyx teeth 0.1–0.3 mm long, minute, tuberculiform, somewhat perpendicular to the calyx lobes, inserted at the apical half of the lobes and typically not projecting beyond them. Petals 2–4.5 × 0.75–1 mm, lanceolate-triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, white, glabrous adaxially, the indumentum abaxially present mainly apically and along the costa, spreading to reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.5–2 × 0.25 mm, white, drying yellow to light orange, glabrous; anther thecae 0.75–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, oblong to oblong-obovate, emarginate at the apex, opening by two dorsally inclined pores 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter, pale yellow or white; connective pale yellow or white, its prolongation and appendage 0.4–0.75 mm long, the appendage oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged with short-stalked glands throughout the connective and its appendage. Ovary (4-)5-locular, 3/4 inferior, 0.65–0.85 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.3–0.45 mm in diameter, conic, sparsely glandular-puberulent to glabrous; style 3.5–4 mm long, moderately tapered distally, white, glabrous; stigma expanded truncate to capitellate. Berries 2.5–3 × 3–4 mm when dry, globose-oblate, green and ripening white or green and changing to yellow, orange and ultimately purple when fully ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.26–0.36 × 0.13–0.21 mm, ovoid, angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong to sublinear, ca. 80% the length of the seed; appendage absent, but a small protuberance present; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief verrucose. Chromosome number n=17. Additional specimens studied:— BRAZIL. Acre: (Mancio Lima), P.N. da Serra do Divisor, Serra do Moa, Trilha para a cachoeira do Formoso (Igarapé do Anil), 13 November 2007, Goldenberg et al. 978 (CAS, NY). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: (Amalfi), 8–27 km NE de Amalfi en la via Vetilla-Fraguas, sitios Salazar y Marengo, 6°56’N, 75°4’W, 1150–1450 m, 7 December 1989, Callejas & et al. 9119 (HUA, MO, NY). Cauca: (Gorgona Island), "St, George", 91 m, 10 October 1924, S.E.R.A. 562 (US); (Santa Rosa), 1 km arriba de la desembocadura del Indiyaco en el Caquetá, 600 m, 15 October 1996, Sánchez et al. 3036 (COL). Chocó: (Quibdó), En el sitio de La Platina, 60 m, 29 March 1958, Uribe-Uribe 3135 (MO, US); Serranía de Baudó, along road between Las Animas and Río Pato, along valley of Río Animas, 5 km from beginning of road, 5°16’N, 76°41’W, 100 m, 17 April 1983, Croat 56047 (MO); (Nuquí), Alto de Buey, Alto de Buey, 1000 m, 1 June 1940, von Sneidern A 12 (NY); (Quibdó), Río Cabi, 20 April 1982, Prance 28008 (NY); Corcovada Region, upper Río San Juan, ridge along Yeracüí Valley, 200–275 m, 24 April 1939, Killip 35252 (NY, US); Pan American Highway (under construction) ca 10 km Wof Las Animas, 100 m, 12 January 1979, Gentry & Renteria 24068 (MO, US); (Nuquí), Alto de Buey, Alto de Buey, 1000 m, 12 June 1940, von Sneidern A 51 (US); Hoya del Río San Juan, Pequeño cerro SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 133 al frente de Palestina, 4°10’N, 77°10’W, 30–40 m, 26 March 1979, Forero et al. 4083 (COL, MO, US); (La Mojarra), Just upriver from Istmina, Trail through secondary vegetation to nearly primary forest on hills, 5°12’N, 76°37’W, 30–60 m, 5 November 1983, Juncosa 1260 (MO, US); (Nóvita), Llanadas, Ladera Ndel Cerro Torra, Filo Wdel Río Surama, Camino al Alto del Oso, 600–900 m, 22 February 1977, Forero et al. 3086 (MO); (Bahía Solano), 25 July 1973, Warner & White 51 (MO); (Quibdó), Carretera Quibdó-Yutó, Río Cabí, 24 March 1984, García-Cossio 25 (CAS, CHOCO, MO); (Pizarro), km 30–33 de la carretera Pie de Pepé-Puerto Meluk, 16 November 1985, Espina 1830 (CAS, CHOCO, MO); (San José del Palmar), El Tabor, Finca "El Tabor", 1650 m, 17 January 1983, Franco et al. 1453 (COL, MO); (Pizarro), Margen izquierdo del Río Pepé, entre Boca de Pepé y Pié de Pepé, 19 November 1985, Espina 2019 (CHOCO, MO); (Quibdó), Carretera Yuto-Lloró, 80 m, 30 June 1983, Forero et al. 9696 (COL, MO); Río San Juan, Estribaciones de La Mojarra (ca. 30 min de Istmina en lancha con motor fuera de borda), 80–120 m, 25 June 1983, Forero et al. 9520 (COL, MO); Along road between Las Animas and Pato (on Río Pato) 16 km NW of the jct, with main Quibdó-Istmina road, near Las Animas, 5°20’N, 76°42’W, 100 m, 18 April 1983, Croat 56163 (MO); Medellín-Quibdó road, ca. 3 km Wof Tutunendó, 5°46’N, 76°35’W, 80 m, 7 January 1981, Gentry et al. 30331 (MO). Nariño: La Planada R., 7 km from Chucunes, 1°5’N, 78°1’W, 1800 m, 22 December 1987, Gentry & Keating 59686 (MO); (Barbacoas), Altaquer, El Barro, R.N. Río Ñambí, Vertiente occidental andina, margen derecha del Río Ñambí, 1°18’N, 78°8’W, 1325 m, 1 December 1993, Franco et al. 4721 (CAS). Putumayo: (Mocoa), Quebrada del Río Afán, 570–680 m, 27 December 1940, Cuatrecasas 11336 (COL, US); 15 km NW of Puerto Asís, 305 m, 6 August 1965, King & Guevara 6236 (CAS, COL, NY); (Mocoa), El Medio Afán, El Medio Afán, ca 2 horas arriba del Río Afán, 1200–1600 m, 24 January 1990, Ramos et al. 2465 (CAS, CUVC, NY). Risaralda: (Mistrató), Entre los corregimientos de Geguadas y Puerto de Oro, selva de Pisones, 1550 m, 30 March 1992, Fernández et al. 9657 (US). Valle: Costa del Pacífico, Río Cajambre, Barco, 5–80 m, 21 April 1944, Cuatrecasas 17033 (F, NY, US); La Trojita, Río Calima (región del Chocó), 5–50 m, 19 February 1944, Cuatrecasas 16535 (F, NY, US); Hacienda La Florencia, Río Calima, margen derecha, frente a la Base, 10 m, 21 February 1969, Cuatrecasas & Platino 27461 (US); Alto Yunda, Río Anchicayá, 1000 m, March 1973, Hilty Mr-9 (ARIZ, US); (Córdoba), Dagua Valley,, 80–100 m, 6 May 1922, Killip 5124 (NY, US); Veneral, Costa del Pacífico, Río Yurumanguí, 5–50 m, 28 January 1944, Cuatrecasas 15872 (F, NY); Queremal, Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, Hoya del Río Dagua, lado izquierdo del Río San Juan en la región del Queremal, Quebradito del km 51, 1540 – 1650 m, 25 February 1947, Cuatrecasas 23715 (F, US); (Dagua), Queremal, El Danubio, P.N.N. Farallones, Alto Anchicayá, Road from campamento EPSA, Yatacue to the dam, Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, 3°33.632’N, 76°52.598’W, 625 m, 5 February 2011, Almedaet al. 10242 (CAS, COL); La Trojita, Río Calima (región del Chocó), La Trojita, 5–50 m, 19 February 1944, Cuatrecasas 16378 (NY); Pacific Coast, Río Calima, Quebrada de López, 20–40 m, 23 September 1961, Cuatrecasas & Willard 26041 (US); Vicinity of bajo Calima, along road from Buenventura to Málaga, km 49, 4°2’N, 77°4’W, 150 m, 17 July 1993, Croat & Bay 75807 (MO); Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, Carretera Canalete PS2, 3°55’N, 77°’W, 100 m, 13 October 1987, Monsalve 1921 (CUVC, MO); Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, Carretera Canalete PS 2, 3°55’N, 77°W, 100 m, 22 October 1987, Monsalve 2023 (CUVC, MO); Bajo Calima, Dindo area, 3°59’N, 76°58’W, 100 m, 20 July 1984, Gentry & Monsalve 48427 (MO); Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel, 100 m, 20 January 1988, van der Werff & Monsalve 9664 (CAS, MO); Bajo Calima, Concesión Pulpapel / Buenaventura, Carretera a Juanchaco N, 3°55’N, 77°’W, 100 m, 21 September 1987, Monsalve 1752 (CUVC, MO). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: (San Carlos), No protegida, Cuenca del San Carlos, Boca Tapada, Laguna Lagarto Lodge, cerca de la laguna, 10°41’10"N, - 84°10’50.0001"W, 50–100 m, 23 February 2004, Solano & Kriebel 907 (INB, NY). Cartago: (Valle Escondido), 700 m, 30 March 1966, Schnell 620 (US); (Valle Escondido), 700 m, 30 March 1966, Schnell 614 (US); (Oreamuno), P.N. Volcán Irazú, Cordillera Central, San Juan de Chicuá, carretera al Volcán Irazú, 9°57’0"N, 83°51’45"W, 2800 m, 14 October 1993, Ramírez et al. 165 (CAS, INB). Guanacaste: P.N. Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla, alrededores, 11°2’N, 85°24’W, 600 m, 15 June 1989, II INBio et al. 21 (CAS, CR, INB). Heredia: Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, S Boundary, W end, 100 m, 4 May 1981, Folsom 10009 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, At first stream crossing on Central Trail after Loop Trail, 100 m, 15 July 1980, Grayum 2980 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Along Q. Paralela at crossing with 3600 m S line, new property, 100 m, 18 July 1982, Hammel & Trainer 13235 (CAS); Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, F, Almedar Loop, 1300 m line, 15 July 1979, Grayum 1830 (CAS); (Sarapiquí), La Virgen, Golfito, No protegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, parcela del señor Miguel Angel Picado, 10°38’40.0636"N, 134 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA 84°3’25.1215"W, 0–100 m, 10 December 2005, Santamaría & Solano 3596 (INB, NY); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Central Trail, 180 m line, 100 m, 28 November 1982, McDowell 969 (CAS, NY, US); (Sarapiquí), No protegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Rara Avis Lodge and R., Atlantic slope of Costa Rica. (area protegida privada), 10°16’55"N, 84°2’40.5"W, 700 m, 19 June 2001, Boyle et al. 80 (INB, MO); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, 1520 m line, S Boundary Line, 100 m, 29 October 1982, McDowell 681 (CAS, NY, US); (Puerto Viejo), La Selva, Loop Trail, 90 m, 16 April 1972, Opler 702 (US); La Selva, 3 km SE of Puerto Viejo, Loop Trail, 45 m, 13 April 1973, Opler 1721 (US); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, 180 m line, Central Trail, 100 m, 28 October 1982, McDowell 642 (CAS); (Sarapiquí), La Virgen, P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 600 m Sdel Puesto La Ceiba, sobre La Fila, 10°20’N, 84°5’W, 550 m, 14 October 1988, Ballestero 5 (CAS); (Magsay), Borde de la Quebrada Canta Rana, 400 m, 17 January 1983, Chacón 108 (CAS, CR); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Along Q. Saltito at back of loop, 100 m, 13 June 1982, Hammel & Trainer 12857 (CAS); (Sarapiquí), Rara Avis, ca 15 km al SW de Horquetas, Camino Leví hacia Catarata y Río Atelopus, aguas arriba, 10°17’N, 84°2’W, 400 m, 19 September 1989, Vargas 121 (CAS, CR, INB); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Central trail 1500 m S, 100 m, 4 May 1982, Hammel 12000 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Along small water course in SW quarter of new property, 100 m, 18 May 1982, Hammel 12311 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Pantano ridge about 1950 m S, 1820 m E, 100 m, 1 September 1981, Smith 157 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Central Trail, 2600 m line-W boundary, 3000 m line, 100 m, 24 April 1981, Folsom 9854 (CAS); (Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí) Finca La Selva, First forest, Sabalo-Esquina Trail, 9 July 1979, Sperry 863 (CAS); Estación Biológica La Selva, R. of the Organization for Tropical Studies, Vicinity of the first swamp on the Central Trail, 100 m, 27 February 1986, Almeda & Anderson 5106 (CAS, CR). Limón: Hacienda Tapezco-Hacienda La Suerte, 29 air km Wof Tortuguero, 10°30’N, 83°47’W, 40 m, 29 August 1979, Davidson & Donahue 8933 (CAS, US); (Pococí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Sector Quebrada González, sendero Las Palmas, 10°9’20"N, 83°56’30.0017"W, 600 m, 29 July 2008, Kriebel 5313 (INB, NY); (Toro Amarillo), 300–350 m, 18 July 1964, Ferreyra 15912 (US); (Limón), Cerro Muchilla, Fila Matama, Cordillera de Talamanca, 9°47’50"N, 83°5’30"W, 850 m, 6 April 1989, Robles & Chacón 2676 (CAS); (Talamanca), Fila de exploración minera entre Río Sukut y Río Carbri, Muragubishi, 9°22’50"N, 82°56’50"W, 700 m, 14 July 1989, Herrera 3290 (CAS, CR). Puntarenas: R.N.V.S. Golfito, Ca, 6 km NW of campo aterrizaje de Golfito, 8°41’0"N, 83°13’10"W, 100 m, 28 January 1992, Hammel & Aguilar 18403 (CAS, CR); Between Golfo Dulce and Río Térraba 30 m, 5 December 1947, Skutch 5309 (F, US); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Los Patos, alrededores, 8°34’0"N, 83°31’0"W, 200 m, 6 September 1993, Aguilar 2259 (CAS); Along road from Panamerican Hwy, at Piedras Blancas to Rincón (on Osa Peninsula), 3.7 mi Wof Panamerican Hwy, 8°46’N, 83°18’W, 90–105 m, 16 September 1987, Croat 67670 (CAS). ECUADOR. Carchi: (El Pailón), ca 45 km below Maldonado along a foot path to Tobar Donoso, 800 m, 26 November 1979, Madison & Besse 7006 (US); (Tulcán), R. Étnica Awá, Comunidad de Gualpi Medio, 1°1’N, 78°16’W, 900 m, 21 May 1992, Quelal et al. 694 (CAS, MO, QCNE); (Gualpi Chico), Vicinity of Awá encampment, 0°58’N, 78°16’W, 1330 m, 17 January 1988, Hoover et al. 2699 (MO); NW, Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 132-139, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 28: 1 - 188.","Cogniaux, A. (1891 a) Melastomacees. In: de Candolle, A. & de Candolle, C. (Eds.) Monographieae Phanerogamarum Vol. 7. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 1256.","Cogniaux, A. (1887 b) Melastomataceae. In: de Martius, C. F. P. & Eichler, A. G. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis Vol. 14, Part 4. Lipsiae apud Frid. Fleischer in Comm. Monachii, pp. 210 - 396.","Almeda, F., Kriebel, R. & Umana, G. (2007) Melastomataceae. In: Hammel, B. E., Grayum, M. H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (Eds.) Manual de plantas de Costa Rica Vol. 6 Dicotiledoneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 111, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 394 - 574.","Stiles, F. G. & Rosselli, L. (1993) Consumption of fruits of the Melastomataceae by birds: how diffuse is coevolution? Advances in vegetation science 107 - 108: 57 - 73.","Boyle, W. A. (2006) Why do birds migrate? The role of food, habitat, predation and competition. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 272 pp.","Wurdack, J. J. (1973 a) Certamen Melastomataceis XXII. Phytologia 26 (6): 397 - 409."]}

22. Miconia neomicrantha Judd & Skean (1991: 62). Basionym: Melastoma micranthum Swartz (1788: 71). Octopleura micrantha (Sw.) Grisebach (1860b: 260). Ossaea micrantha (Sw.) Macfadyen (1850: 49–50). Type: JAMAICA. Swartz s.n. (holotype: S-internet image!; isotype: LD-internet image!). Nec Miconia micrantha Cogniaux (1896: 12) nec M. micrantha Pilger (1905: 173; M. witii Ule (1915: 367)) nec M. micrantha Pittier (1947: 27; M. tabayensis Wurdack (1971: 359)). Sagraea neurocarpa Naudin (1852: 94). Type: not found among digital images online but surely at P. In the protologue, Naudin cited Goudot s.n. and Bonpland s.n. from Colombia and Swartz s.n. from Jamaica. Ossaea caudata Cogniaux (1891a: 1066). Type: ECUADOR. Prope Quito, September, Jameson 390 (holotype: BR-internet image!; isotypes: E-internet image!, BM-internet image!). Ossaea tetragona Cogniaux (1891b: 265). Type: COSTA RICA. Chemin de Carrillo, versant Atlantique, 300 m, 25 November 1890, Biolley 3148 (holotype: BR-internet image!; isotypes: BR-2 sheets-images!). Octopleura rubescens Triana (1871: 146). Ossaea rubescens (Triana) Cogniaux (1891a: 1067). Type: COLOMBIA. Prov. Barbacoas: Arrastradero, 10 m, April 1853, Triana 6258/73 (holotype: BM-internet image!; isotypes: BR-internet image!, COL-internet image!). Shrub or small tree 1–7 m tall with erect, open branching, bark green to light brown. Upper internodes roundedquadrate to quadrate 1–4.2(–6.6) cm long, cauline nodes terete, nodal line frequently present as a ridge, occasionally not very evident or absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial surface of young leaves, surface, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts and bracteoles abaxially, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes, calyx teeth, and petals abaxially copiously to sparsely covered with with hyaline or brownish stellate lepidote trichomes 0.15–0.25 mm long with only partially fused radii, occasionally completely replaced by dendritic trichomes 0.05–0.08 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms. Leaves of each pair isophyllous; the semiterete thin petiole (0.5–) 1–5.5 cm, narrowly sulcate adaxially; blades 6.5–20 × 5–8 cm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, the base acute to narrowly obtuse, occasionally rounded, the margin entire to obscurely and distantly undulate-serrulate, the apex gradually short- to longacuminate to aristate-caudate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially glabrescent with the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface along with the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous with age; 5-nerved or 5-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging from the primary vein symmetrically or asymmetrically 0.3–1.5 cm above the base, with a membrane-like structure or with trichomes like the general indumentum in the spaces where the innermost pair of secondary veins diverge from the primary (mite-domatia?), areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially raised and terete. Inflorescences a pseudolateral dithyrsoid 3–6 cm long, including a rounded-quadrate to quadrate peduncle 0.75–1.25 cm long or sessile, divaricately and highly branched from the peduncle apex or the base, borne on the upper foliar nodes, the rachis green; bracts 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, narrowly triangular to oblong-linear, pale green, adaxially glabrous, tardily deciduous at anthesis; bracteoles 0.3–0.5 × 0.2–0.3 mm, narrowly triangular, pale green, abaxially glabrous, deciduous to subpersistent in fruit. Flowers 4-(5-) merous, sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 1.6–1.7 × 1.3–1.4(–1.6) mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.5–0.6(–0.8) mm long, globose to urceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, green-yellowish, ridged on the inner surface, sparsely beset with sessile glands, the torus sparsely glandular and moderately scaly adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, green; tube 0.3–0.4 mm long, with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.2–0.4 × 1–1.3 mm, depressed-rounded, erect to flange-like, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex obtuse; exterior calyx teeth 0.15–0.4 mm long, deltoid, merely thickened and inconspicuous, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 97 inserted on the apical half of the lobes and not projecting beyond them. Petals 3–4(–5) × 0.8–1.5(–1.7) mm, lanceolate, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute to acuminate, white to pinkish, occasionally with red spots or red distally, glabrous adaxially, glabrescent abaxially, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1.3–2 × 0.2–0.23 mm, white to cream, glabrous; anther thecae 1–1.5 × 0.25–0.3 mm, linear-oblong, obtuse to slightly emarginate at the apex, opening by (one–)two dorsally inclined pores 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter, cream to yellow, brown-red with age; connective yellow to orange, its prolongation and appendage 0.4–0.9 mm long, the appendage subulate to oblong, bluntly acute to rounded at the apex, copiously gland-edged, the glands rounded and stalked, the stalks linear to subulate. Ovary 4-locular, 2/3 to completely inferior, 1.3–1.6 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter, conic-truncate, sparsely glandular-puberulent, the trichomes to 0.1 mm long; style 3.5–4.5 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous to somewhat glandular; stigma capitellate. Berries 4–5 × 4–5 mm when dry, globose-oblate, green turning white when fully ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.32–0.43 × 0.13–0.2 mm, ovoid, angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone ovate, nearly as long as the seed, usually ventrally expanded toward the micropyle; appendage absent, but a small protuberance present; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, lowdomed to nearly flat, microrelief verrucose. Chromosome number: n=17. Additional specimens studied:— BELIZE. Middlesex: 200 ft, 12 July 1929, Schipp 235 (US). Toledo: Bladen Nature R., Southern Maya Mountains, trail between Roochire Selipan archeological site and "AC Camp", 16°27’54"N, 88°52’49"W 450 m, 2 June 1997, Davidse 36978 (CAS, MO); Bladen Nature R., Southern Maya Mountains, W Snake Creek, 16°27’24"N, 89°1’1"W, 500 m, 28 May 1997, Holland & Kid 94 (CAS, MO); On hillside beyond Pate's Camp, Edwards Road beyond Columbia, 28 November 1950, Gentle 7174 (US). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: (Caramanta), Hojas Anchas, Cerro Viringo, 9.8 km de Caramanta hacia Supía, Cordillera Occidental, 5°31.8’N, 75° 40.69’W, 2140–2420 m, 16 October 1988, Betancur et al. 1098 (HUA, MO); (Caldas), La Corrala, Finca "La Zarza", 2240 m, 30 March 1985, Palacio & Vallejo 6 (NY); (Fredonia), Cerro Bravo, Finca de los Betancur, camino hacia la toma de agua, 1770–1900 m, 7 June 1992, Fonnegra et al. 4432 (HUA, MO); (Medellín), La Cascada, Carretera a Rionegro vía Santa Helena, 6°14’N, 75°32’W, 1500–1700 m, 11 August 1991, Gómez et al. 58 (MO); (Dabeiba), 32 km SE de Mutatá en la via Mutatá-Dabeiba, Río Chever, sitio Chever, 280 m, 5 August 1987, Callejas et al. 5065 (HUA, MO, US); (Salgar), Camono de ascenso a Cerro Plateado, quebrada La Liboriana, 2200–2400 m, 3 November 1985, Franco et al. 2284 (MO). Caldas: (Manizales), Alrededor de la cañada entre helados La Fuente y tuburio, 11 June 1985, Escobar-Cardona 35 (US); (Salento), Río Santa Rita, 1600–1800 m, 26 August 1922, Killip & Hazen 10127 (NY, US); Finca La Oculta, 2020 m, 14 January 1983, de Escobar & Uribe 3640 (HUA, US); (Manizales), Monteleón, Cordillera Central, 2250 m, 16 February 1985, de Fraume et al. 363 (US). Chocó: (Bahía Solano), Mecana, On Pacific Coast, Quebrada Resquiata, 6°16’N, 77°21’W, 2 m, 2 January 1984, Juncosa 1640 (MO, US); Carretera Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar, Alto del Galápago, Límite con el Valle del Cauca, 2000 m, 19 February 1977, Forero et al. 2910 (COL, MO, US); Alongroadbetween Pueblo Rico (Risaralda) and Istmina (Chocó), along Quebrada Antón, 15 km Wof Santa Cecilia, 6 km Wof Chocó-Risaralda border, ca 20 km Eof Playa del Oro, 5°20’30"N, 76°13’45"W, 240 m, 22 February 1990, Croat 70914 (MO); Río Quito, 5 km above junction with Río Atrato, 22 April 1982, Prance 28029 (NY). Cundinamarca: (Medina), Farallones de Medina, 4°35’09”N, 73°23’06”W, 1000 m, 25 February 1997, Mendoza 2160 (COL, FMB). Magdalena: (Santa Marta), 200 ft, November 1898, Smith 457 (F, MO, NY, US); (Santa Marta), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Alto Río Buritaca, Alto de Mira, por el camino a la Quebrada Julepia, 11°5’N, 73°48’W, 700–1100 m, 13 July 1989, Madriñán & Barbosa 198 (F, GH, MO, NY); (Santa Marta), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Alto Río Guachaca, Escuela La María (Macho Solo), al margen izquierdo del Río Guachaca, 11°4’N, 73°55’W, 800 m, 11 July 1989, Madriñán & Barbosa 130 (F, GH, MO); (Santa Marta), Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Alto Río Buritaca, Alto de Mira, por el camino a la Cascada del Caño Negro, 11°5’N, 73°48’W, 1000–1100 m, 14 July 1989, Madriñán & Barbosa 230 (GH, MO). Nariño: (Ricaurte), 1300 m, 24 April 1941, von Sneidern A.623 (US); (Ricaurte), km 200 carretera Tumaco-Pasto, 2000 m, 20 November 1982, de Benavides 4109 (MO); R.N. La Planada, 7 km above Chucunes (on road between Tuquerres and Ricaurte), along trail to Pialapí, past entrance to La Planada field station, 1°6’N, 77°53’W, 150–200 m, 10 March 1990, Croat 71255 (MO); Trail to El Hondón, 5–12 km SW of La Planada, 1°4’N, 78°2’W, 1750–1800 m, 6 January 1988, Gentry et al. 60454 (MO); (Ricaurte), R.N. La Planada, Vertiente occidental, Cordillera Occidental, 1800 m, 22 May 1989, Restrepo 472 (MO); R.N. La Planada, A 7 km de Chucunes, 1°10’N, 77°58’W, 1800 m, 14 November 98 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA 1987, de Benavides 8871 (MO, PSO); R.N. La Planada, Isla de los Osos, 1°10’N, 77°58’W, 1500–1800 m, 1 May 1988, de Benavides 9746 (MO, PSO); (Ricaurte), Trayecto San Isidro-La Planada, 1°10’N, 77°58’W, 1500–1800 m, 13 February 1988, de Benavides 9246 (MO, PSO); La Planada, Trail to El Hondón, 6–12 km SW of La Planada, 1°4’N, 78°2’W, 1750–1800 m, 5 January 1988, Gentry et al. 60386 (MO, US). Norte de Santander: Cordillera Oriental, Región del Sarare, Hoya del Río Margua, cabeceras del Río Negro, ladera Nentre El Amparo y La Mesa, 1400–1700 m, 7 November 1941, Cuatrecasas 12874 (COL, US). Putumayo: (Mocoa), San Antonio, Alto Campucana, Finca La Mariposa, Vertiente amazónica de Colombia, 1°12’N, 76°38’W, 1350–1420 m, 20–1 April- May 1994, Fernández 10756 (COL, US). Quindio: (Pijao), Arenales, Bosque ubicado en la intersección de las carreteras hacia los Juanes, margen izquierda, 1850 m, 19 November 1987, Arbeláez et al. 2388 (HUA, US). Risaralda: (Pereira), La Florida, S.F.F. Otún Quimbaya, 4°44’17"N, 75°34’1"W, 1900 m, 22–28 February 2004, Alzate et al. 2108 (F, HUCO); (Pereira), Bajada de "La Pastora" a "El Cedral", 17 October 1989, Rangel et al. 5961 (MO); (Pereira), Bajada de "La Pastora" a "El Cedral", 17 October 1989, Rangel et al. 5970 (MO); (Pereira), El Cedral, Trocha a El Silento, 20 km de Pereira, 2140 m, 16 October 1989, Rangel et al. 5894 (MO). Tolima: (Santa Isabel), Vereda Guaimaral, 4° 35’58.7”N, 74°49’44”W, 2100 m, 9 May 2007, Pava & Esquivel 40 (COL, TOLI); (Toche), 2300 m, 20 May 1942, von Sneidern 3085 (US). Valle: (Cali), Cordillera Occidental, vertiente oriental, Hoya del Río Cali, vertiente derecha: Quebradahonda, arriba de La Glorieta, camino a Miralindo, 2100–2250 m, 31–1 October-November 1944, Cuatrecasas 18434 (F, NY, US); (La Cumbre), Bitaco, Chicoral, Detrás de Dapa, en los nacimientos del Río Bitaco, vertiente del Pacífico, bosque arriba del cultivo de Té, 2000 m, 14 January 1990, Ramos 2412 (CAS, CUVC); (Cali), La Elvira, Finca Los Sauces, km 4 on the road to Dapa (km 18 on the road from Cali to Buenaventura), near Quebrada Aguas Claras, Cordillera Occidental, vertiente oriental, 3°32.424’N, 76°36.107’W, 1890 m, 2 February 2011, Almedaet al. 10223 (CAS, COL, CUVC); (Dagua), Queremal, P.N.N. Farallones, Along the road from vereda El Danubio to Campamento EPSA (Yatacue), Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, 3°35.277’N, 76°52.352’W, 580 m, 7 February 2011, Almedaet al. 10284 (CAS, COL); La Laguna, Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, Hoya del Río Sanjuniquín, lado izquierdo, 1250–1400 m, 10–20 December 1943, Cuatrecasas 15482 (F, NY); (Cali), Bosque de San Antonio, Wof Cali, near television tower, 1950–2050 m, 15 July 1984, Gentry et al. 48168 (MO); (Sevilla), Vía Sevilla-Barragán, a 28 km de Sevilla, finca Alsanieves, 2400 m, 11 October 1981, Silverstone-Sopkin 783 (MO, TULV); Alto Mercedes - Carretera al March, 2200 m, 1–30 September 1939, Dryander 2433 (US); (Cali), La Elvira, Finca Zingara, km 18 de la carretera Cali-Buenaventura, km 4 vía a Dapa, cordillera Occidental, 3°30’N, 76°34’W, 1900 m, 18 April 1994, Giraldo-Gensisni 280 (TULV, US); (La Cumbre), 1800–2200 m, 14–19 May 1922, Killip 5570 (NY, US); Costa del Pacífico, Río Cajambre, Barco, 5–80 m, 21–30 April 1944, Cuatrecasas 17113 (US). COSTARICA. Monteverde Cloud Forest R., Border of Guanacaste, Puntarenas & Alajuela Provinces, Cordillera de Tilarán, along the Sendero El Valle, 1550–1640 m, 7 March 1986, Almeda & Anderson 5433 (CAS). Alajuela: (San Carlos), Villa Quesada, Caribbean Coast, 840 m, 28 February 1939, Smith 1732 (NY); Approx, 17 km N, of Río Naranjo on the road to Upala, 300 m, 5 February 1976, Utley & Utley 4017 (CAS, US); (Alfaro Ruiz), La Peña, 1400 m, 2 January 1941, Smith 10019 (NY); (Upala), San Cristóbal, C.B. Guanacaste, Rincón de la Vieja, Cuenca del Pizote, Sendero El Pinal, 10°52.00’58.474"N, - 85°24’5.946"W, 500 m, 1 July 1998, Espinoza 1747 (NY). Bocas del Toro: On Chiriquí trail between Buena vista coffee finca and Cerro Pilón, 17 April 1968, Kirkbride & Duke 685 (NY). Cartago: Near and along crest of ridge Sof Alto Patillos (and a continuation of the latter), ca 6 km SE of Tapantí, 9°43’N, 83°46.5’W, 1700–1840 m, 9 October 1986, Grayum & Herrera 7727 (CAS, MO). Guanacaste: 10 km E of Quebrada Grande, 580 m, 18 August 1968, Davidse & Pohl 1220 (ISC, US); La Tejona, Nof Tilarán, 600–700 m, 25 January 1926, Standley & Valerio 45843 (US). Heredia: Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, W Line, Quebrada el Sura, 5 m, Nof creek, 100 m, 30 September 1982, McDowell 276 (NY, US); (Sarapiquí), Z.P. La Selva, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, 10°26’0"N, 84°2’0.0001"W, 100 m, 8 February 2003, Boyle et al. 225 (INB, MO, NY); (Sarapiquí), La Selva de Sarapiquí, 200 m, 4 February 1966, Schnell 416 (CR, US); La Selva, near Puerto Viejo, El Salto bridge, 90 m, 21 April 1972, Opler 749 (US); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, 100 m, 26 July 1980, Hammel 9330 (CAS, NY). Limón: (Barra de Colorado), 0 m, 3 March 1966, Schnell 530 (US); (Talamanca), Amubri, Camino entre Amubri y Soki, Siguiendo el Río Ñabri hacia Alto Soki, 9°29’50"N, 82°59’10"W, 150 m, 1 July 1989, Herrera 3096 (CAS, CR); Drenaje de Río Valle Estrella, Montaña Andromeda, 26–28 October 1951, Shank & Molina 4540 (US); (Barra de Colorado), 0 m, 5 March 1966, Schnell 583 (CR, US); (Baja Talamanca), Crece en playón asoleado del Río Lari en su confluencia con el Río D'pari, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 99 700–800 m, 19 March 1964, Jiménez 1865 (CR, F, NY); A 2 millas de Diamantes, Guápiles, 150 m, 9 August 1963, Jiménez 1048 (F, NY); (Siquirres), R.B. Barbilla, Cuenca del Matina, Sendero Valle Escondido, 9°59.00’3"N, 83°28’W, 400–500 m, 21 July 1999, Mora-Castro 424 (NY). Puntarenas: Above coffee fincas along Río Coto Brus, near Coton, 23 km Nof La Union (on Panama border), 9 August 1974, Croat 26606 (US); Monteverde R., 1550 m, 13 January 1979, Lumer 1003 (NY); Monteverde, Lower community, 1300 m, 29 November 1984, Haber 1082 (NY); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Agujas, alrededores de la estación, 8°31.00’52.786"N, - 83°26’0.991"W, 300 m, 6 November 1999, Mora et al. 653 (NY); (Coto Brus), R. de la Biósfera de la Amistad, cerca Estación Biológica Las Alturas de Coton, 8°57’0.3"N, 82°49’56.8"W, 1455–2100 m, 8 July 1994, Kress & Sawyer 94-4956 (US); Lumber road along Fila Tigre, Sand Eof Las Alturas between Río Cotón and Río Quebrada Nochebuena, 1400 m, 14 February 1991, Almeda et al. 6587 (CAS). San José: Carara R., Hills at SW part of Montañas Jamaica ca 2.5 km NE of Bijagual de Turrubares, (lower slope, Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 97-106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Judd, W. S. & Skean, J. (1991) Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae IV. Generic realignments among terminal-flowered taxa. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Biological Sciences 36 (2): 25 - 84.","Swartz, O. (1788) Nova Genera & Species Plantarum seu Prodromus. In Bibliopoliis Acad. M. Swederi, 158 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 433","Grisebach, A. H. R. (1860 b) Flora of the British West Indian Islands III. Lovell, Reeve & Co, London, UK, pp. 193 - 315.","Macfadyen, J. (1850) The Flora of Jamaica Vol. 2. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London, 104 pp.","Cogniaux, A. (1896) New Melastomataceae collected by Miguel Bang in Bolivia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 23: 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2996961","Pilger, R. (1905) Beitrage zur Flora der Hylaea nach den Sammlungen von E. Ule. Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins fur die Provinz Brandenburg und die Angrenzenden Lander 47: 100 - 191.","Ule, E. von (1915) Melastomataceae. In: Pilger, R. Plantae Uleanae novae vel minus cognitae. Heft 5. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 6 (60): 348 - 368.","Pittier, H. F. (1947) Especies venezolana nuevas o supuestas como tales. Boletin de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales 11: 13 - 28.","Wurdack, J. J. (1971) Certamen Melastomataceis XVII. Phytologia 21 (6): 353 - 368.","Cogniaux, A. (1891 a) Melastomacees. In: de Candolle, A. & de Candolle, C. (Eds.) Monographieae Phanerogamarum Vol. 7. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 1256.","Cogniaux, A. (1891 b) Melastomataceae. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 30: 243 - 270.","Triana, J. (1871) Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 28: 1 - 188.","Berry, P. E., Groger, A., Holst, B. K., Morley, T., Michelangeli, F. A., Luckana, N. G., Almeda, F., Renner, S. S., Freire-Fierro, A., Robinson, O. R. & Yatskievych, K. (2001) Melastomataceae. In: Berry, P. E., Yatskievyc, K. & Holst, B. K. (Eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 263 - 528.","Gleason, H. A. (1958) Flora of Panama: Melastomataceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: 203 - 304.","Wurdack, J. J. (1973 b) Melastomataceae. In: Lasser, T. (Ed.) Flora de Venezuela Vol. 8. Instituto Botanico, Caracas, Venezuela, pp. 1 - 819.","Liogier, A. H. (2000) La Flora de La Espanola Vol. IX. Jardin Botanico Nacional Dr. Rafael Moscoso, Instituto Tecnologico de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, 153 pp.","Croat, T. (1978) Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 943 pp.","Boyle, W. A. (2006) Why do birds migrate? The role of food, habitat, predation and competition. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 272 pp.","Wheelwright, N. T., Haber, W. A., Murray, K. G. & Guindon, C. (1984) Tropical fruit-eating birds and their food plants: a survey of a Costa Rican lower montane forest. Biotropica 16 (3): 173 - 192. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2388051","Kessler-Rios, M. M. & Kattan, G. H. (2012) Fruits of Melastomataceae: phenology in Andean forest and role as a food resource for birds. Journal of Tropical Ecology 28: 11 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0266467411000642","Wurdack, J. J. (1973 a) Certamen Melastomataceis XXII. Phytologia 26 (6): 397 - 409.","Wurdack, J. J. (1986) Atlas of hairs for Neotropical Melastomataceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 63: 1 - 80. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 63","Almeda, F. (2009) 180. Melastomataceae. In: Davidse, G., Sousa, M., Knapp, S. & Chiang, F. (Eds.) Flora Mesomericana Vol. 4 Cucurbitaceae a Polemoniaceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D. F, pp. 164 - 337.","Wurdack, J. J. (1980) 138. Melastomataceae. In: Harling, G. & Sparre, B. (Eds.) Flora of Ecuador Vol. 13. University of Goteborg & Swedish Museum of Natural History, Goteborg & Stockholm, Sweden, 406 pp."]}

5. Miconia anchicayensis Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 20) Related to M. approximata, M. chocoensis, and M. quadridomius in its densely fasciculate glomerules. It is distinguished by its tree habit, sparsely lanate vegetative indumentum, and glabrescent abaxial foliar surfaces. Type: COLOMBIA. Dept. Valle: Mpio. Dagua, corregimiento El Queremal, P.N.N. Farallones, Alto Anchicayá. Trail off of (upslope) Quebrada La Riqueza. Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, 03°35.683’N, 76°53.521’W, 550–650 m, 6 February 2011, Almeda et al. 10266 (holotype: COL!; isotypes: CAS!, CUVC!, HUA!, NY!). Tree 3 m tall. Upper internodes terete to rounded-quadrate (1–) 2.5–3.7 cm long, cauline nodes terete becoming slightly compressed with age, nodal line present. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial leaf surface at the base, primary and secondary veins abaxially, bracts, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and calyx teeth densely to moderately composed of whitish to brownish elongate slightly roughened trichomes 0.5–1.5 mm long, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened. Leaves of each pair somewhat anisophyllous in size; subsessile to petiolate, the terete to slightly compressed petioles 0.5–1.7 cm long, narrowly canaliculate adaxially; larger blades SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 49 22–28 × 8.2–12.3 cm, smaller blades (8.2–)14–18.5 × (4.1–) 6.2–9 cm, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate, some smaller blades widely elliptic, the base acute to somewhat rounded, the margin entire to obscurely crenate, the apex long-acuminate; chartaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves, primary and secondary veins glabrescent, the indumentum denser toward the base of younger leaves, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous, the tertiary and higher order veins sparsely covered with resinous short-stalked glands to 0.1 mm long with thin-walled short to elongate heads; 5- or 7-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, areolae 0.6–0.8 mm, abaxially the primary and secondary veins impressed, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly so, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins elevated-terete to flat. Inflorescences a congested, axillary and fasciculate multiflorous glomerule to 1 cm long, sessile, unbranched, occasionally paired or appearing verticillate in the upper leaf axils but mainly on defoliated nodes; bracts minute and concealed by dense indumentum ca. 0.5 × 0.3 mm, narrowly ovate, the apex bluntly acute, early deciduous to persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile or on minute pedicels to 0.3 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.8–3 × 1.5–1.7 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.3–1.5 mm long, suburceolate to globose, bluntly 10-ribbed, the elongate slightly roughened trichomes somewhat subulate, ridged on the inner surface, minutely glandular, the glands sessile and rounded, the torus adaxially densely covered with short-stalked glands 0.1–0.2 mm long with thinwalled short to elongate heads. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit; tube ca. 0.2–0.25 mm long, adaxially with the same vestiture as the inner surface of the hypanthium, abaxially with the same indumentum as the outer hypanthial surface; lobes 1.5 × 1 mm, rounded-ovate to triangular, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, adaxially moderately covered with translucent elongate slightly roughened trichomes to 0.5 mm long, densely intermixed with a hyaline understory of slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.08 mm long, reflexed at anthesis; exterior calyx teeth 0.7 mm long, subulate, inserted on the apical half of the calyx lobes and projecting beyond them, but frequently concealed by the dense indumentum. Petals 2.7–2.9 × 1.3 mm, oblong, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, white, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 2.2–2.7 × ca. 0.4 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.9–2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, oblong-obovate, slightly emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore ca. 0.2 mm in diameter, yellow turning brown with age; connective somewhat darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.8–0.9 mm long, the appendage lanceolate, acute at the apex, copiously gland-edged and covered with short-stalked glands 0.15–0.22 mm long with conspicuously rounded heads, denser dorsally and also present at the base of the connective. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior 1–1.5 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar 0.9 × 0.9 mm, subcylindric to conic, densely glandular-puberulent, with the same glands as the torus adaxially; style 5.8–6.1 mm long, narrowed distally (i.e. tapering), white, glabrous, exserted at anthesis; stigma truncate to expanded truncate. Berries 4 × 5 mm when immature (on dry specimen), globose-oblate, probably orange at maturity, the hypanthial indumentum persistent on immature fruits. Seeds (on immature fruits) 0.41–0.51 × 0.3–0.32 mm, pyramidal, brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed, with a foot-like projection at the micropylar end; antirapahal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 90% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries slightly channeled, irregularly curved; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— Only the type gathering was available for study. Illustration:— Fig. 19. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— A local and uncommon species known only from cloud forests at “Alto Anchicayá” in the department of Valle in Colombia (Fig. 12) at 550–650 m. This is a wet zone that belongs to the Chocó, a rich region in fauna and flora. Phenology:— Collected in flower and with inmature fruits in February. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the only area where this species has been collected, “Alto Anchicayá”, in Valle, Colombia. Discussion:— Miconia anchicayensis belongs to the Approximata subclade, and is distinct from its closest relatives by virtue of its arborescent habit, densely fasciculate glomerules, almost glabrous abaxial foliar surfaces and venules, and complete lack of dendritic trichomes with short to long thin-walled arms throughout the plant. The indumentum, althought sparser, and the flowers of this species are more similar to M. chocoensis; the petal and anther morphology of both are indistinguishable. However, these species are not sister to each other. The phylogenetic analyses performed here showed that M. anchicayensis seems to be closer to M. aurantiaca and M. 50 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA evanescens. Although more information is needed in order to better resolve the phylogenetic relationships between these three species, it is interesting to point out that the sessile fasciculate glomerules within the Approximata subclade could have evolved at least twice within this clade. Conservation status:— Critically endangered CR D. The only locality where this plant is known from is a protected area inside the Farallones National Park in Valle, Colombia., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1

21. Miconia neocoronata Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Clidemia coronata Gleason (1939a: 114–115). Type: COSTA RICA. Bords du Río Tuis, July 1893, Pittier 8080 (holotype: US-internet image!; isotypes: BR-3 sheets-internet images!). Nec Miconia coronata (Bonpland) de Candolle (1828: 187). Small shrub, rarely epiphytic, (0.5–)1–2(–2.75) m tall, loosely and irregularly branched. Upper internodes [1.75–4.25 cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary, secondary, tertiary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, and pedicels (when present) densely to copiously composed of brownish sessile or thinly stipitate dendritic trichomes 0.2–0. 5(–1.9) mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms, rarely sparsely intermixed with caducous elongate smooth trichomes 1–1.5 mm long. Leaves of each pair somewhat anisophyllous in size; the petiole 0.5–3.9 cm long, canaliculate adaxially and shallowly grooved abaxially; larger blades 9–16 × 5–9.5 cm, smaller blades 3.5–10 × 2.1–5.5 cm, ovate to elliptic-ovate, the base rounded to obtuse, the margin ciliate and repand-entire, the apex shortacuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves with adaxial surface, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface essentially glabrous except for a few dendritic trichomes and resinous glands on the venules, the dendritic trichomes on the secondary and tertiary veins sparsely intermixed with caducous resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.08 mm long, the higher order veins moderately beset with the same type of resinous glands; 5- or 7-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging slightly to notably asymmetrically from the primary vein 0.25–0.35 cm above the base, areolae 0.5–0.75 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed to flat, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences a pseudolateral group of few-flowered modified dichasia 1.5–4 cm long, sessile, commonly with three or more paracladia arising from the base, borne on the upper foliar nodes, the rachis together with bracts and bracteoles pale magenta; bracts 0.65–0.75 × ca. 0.25 mm, spatulate-oblong, aristate at the apex, decurrent at the base, sometimes with a swollen glabrous structure at the base abaxially, both surfaces glabrescent with age, persistent in flower and tardily deciduous in fruit; bracteoles 0.65–0.95 × 0.21–0.49 mm, sessile, spatulate-oblong or triangular, the apex aristate-ciliate, the base decurrent, with one visible central vein, both surfaces glabrescent with age, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile or on pedicels Hypanthia at anthesis 3–3.2 × 0.95–1.25 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.8–1 mm long, urceolate and constricted distally into a cylindric neck, bluntly 10-ribbed, bright pink, copiously and caducously resinous with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.05 mm long, sparsely intermixed with the general and caducous dendritic trichomes, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus densely to moderately ciliolate adaxially, rarely glabrous. Calyx open in bud and deciduous on fruiting hypanthia; tube 0.15–0.3 mm long, adaxially sparsely ciliolate to glabrescent, abaxially SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 95 sparsely resinous glandular with the same type of glands as the hypanthium; lobes 0.15–0.45 × 0.65–0.85 mm, rounded-triangular, the margin entire to vaguely undulate, the apex subacute, sparsely and caducously papillose on both surfaces; exterior calyx teeth ca. 0.5 mm long, subulate, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes, equaling or occasionally exceeding the lobes in length, caducously resinous-glandular on both surfaces. Petals 0.75–1.15 × 0.65–0.85 mm, obovate and somewhat asymmetrical, the margin entire to sinuate, the apex rounded-obtuse, rather asymmetric, cream to white, densely papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 0.95–1.25 × 0.25 mm, whitish, glabrous; anther thecae ca. 2 × 0.33–0.34 mm, linear-oblong and subulate, truncateacuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.11–0.13 mm in diameter, pale yellow to yellow at anthesis; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.35–0.45 mm long, the appendage oblong-spatulate to somewhat deltoid, obtuse to truncate at the apex, minutely and caducously glandular, the glands sessile and rounded. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, 2–2.2 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.13–0.2 mm in diameter, slightly depressed, caducously glandular-puberulent; style ca. 5 mm long, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded truncate at anthesis. Berries 3.1–4.1 × 3–3.9 mm when dry, globose, initially bright pink but ripening bright purple-black, the hypanthium indumentum subpersistent at maturity. Seeds 0.3–0.45 × 0.16–0.18 mm, ovoid, angled, light-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point near the central part of the seed; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 20% larger than the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, dark-brown; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, lowdomed to nearly flat, microrelief punctate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: (Bahía Solano), Ciudad Mutis, Quebrada Seca, at waterfall near by, 29 m, 6.2°N, - 77.4°W, 6 February 2012, Almeda et al. 10470 (CAS, CHOCO, COL). COSTA RICA. Cartago: In forest in mountains above the Río Pacuare, near Platanillo, 800 m, 3 May 1956, Williams 19517 (EAP, US); Pendiente muy empinada que va desde los edificios del Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas de Turrialba hacia el Río Reventazón, 600 m, 19 September 1964, Jiménez 2380 (CR, NY); (Turrialba), Forested slope leading down to the Río Reventazón behind main building of CATIE, 9°53.5’N, 83°39’W, 560–600 m, 30 July 1985, Grayum & Hammel 5755 (CAS, MO); (Turrialba), Across the Río Reventazón from Interamerican Institute in Turrialba, 610 m, 21 July 1947, DeWolf 369 (US); Bosque húmedo y empinado entre el Inst, de Turrialba y el Río Reventazón., 600 m, 12 July 1965, Jiménez 3276 (CR, F, NY, US). San José: (Tarrazu), Estribaciones del Cerro Diamante, 9°32’30"N, 84°1’20"W, 500–600 m, 23 June 1998, Estrada et al. 1636 (CAS, CR); (Pérez Zeledón), Basin of El General, 9.1°N, - 83.29°W, 675–900 m, May 1940, Skutch 4948 (MO, US). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— This is a rare species known from few collections in the low-elevation forested slopes of primary rain and riparian forests, commonly near rivers, in Costa Rica at 560–900 m. Although M. neocoronata has long been considered to be endemic in Costa Rica, it was recently collected in Colombia, from the tropical wet forest in the department of Chocó at 29 m (Almeda et al. 10470, CAS!, CHOCO, COL). This occurrence suggests that the geographic and elevational range of this species is more extensive than expected. It probably occurs in suitable habitats in intervening areas of Panama (Fig. 15). Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in February, from May through July, and in September. Etymology:— The specific epithet comes from the Greek word neo (new), in reference to this new combination, and from the Latin word coron (a crown), that probably refers to the minute pubescence in the ovary apex. Gleason did not explain the designation of the name coronata in the protologue. Discussion:— Miconia neocoronata is distinct from its closest relatives by elimination of characters, particularly indumentum details. It differs from M. atropurpurea, its sister species, in hypanthial indumentum; in M. atropurpurea it consists of elongate smooth pinkish trichomes, and in M. neocoronata by the slightly furrowed more or less stalked resinous glands. Vegetatively and in floral characters M. neocoronata is very similar to M. quinquenervia. See Almeda (2004) for a thorough discussion of differences. Almeda (2004) commented on the slight difference in their connective appendages; although they are similar in shape and both are glandular, in M. neocoronata the edge is entire (vs. gland-edged). These two species are also close to M. reitziana, which shares the rusty-asperous vegetative indumentum and the resinous-glandular hypanthium, but lacks the decurrent leaf bases present in M. quinquenervia and its venation is prevailingly 7-plinerved (vs. 9-plinerved). Miconia quinquenervia is also distinct in its inflorescence architecture (dichasial dithyrsoid vs. groups of modified dichasia). The rusty- 96 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA asperous trichomes in M. reitziana are almost concealed by the typically dense pink or red indumentum, rarely present throughout and completely absent on the foliar surfaces except for the margins in M. neocoronata. Miconia neocoronata has unique petal morphology, being obovate and somewhat asymmetrical (vs. more oblong in M. quinquenervia and M. reitziana), and its hypanthium is constricted above the ovary into a neck (vs. subcylindric to campanulate in M. reitziana and urceolate to campanulate in M. quinquenervia). Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). This species is rare and not known from any protected areas in CostaRica., Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 95-97, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.1, {"references":["Gleason, H. A. (1939 a) The genus Clidemia in Mexico and Central America. Brittonia 3 (2): 97 - 130. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2804810","Candolle, A. P. de. (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Vol. 3. Treuttel et Wurz, Paris, France, 746 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 286","Almeda, F. (2004) Novelties and Nomenclatural Adjustments in the Neotropical Genus Clidemia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 55 (4): 89 - 124."]}

Miconia indicoviolacea Gamba, Almeda & Alvear, sp. nov. Distinguished by the dark blue inflorescence peduncle and branches, aristate-caudate leaf apices, minute glandular-puberulent vegetative and hypanthial indumentum, dorsally appendiculate stamens, and seeds with a conspicuous appendage at the chalazal end and a raphal zone that is approximately the double the size of the seed corpus. Type:— COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca:municipio de Dagua,corregimiento El Queremal, Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali, Alto Anchicayá, trail off of (upslope) Quebrada La Riqueza, cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, 03°39.998’N, 76°53.609’W, 650−810 m, 6 February 2011, F . Almeda, M. Alvear, D. Penneys, G. Ocampo, D. Alvear, I. Alegría 10277 (holotype: COL!; isotypes: CAS!, CUVC!, HUA!, NY!). Shrub to 1 m tall with open and scraggly branching, bark greenish. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate, 5.75−6.3 cm long, bluntly grooved, green, cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, leaf surface, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins adaxially and abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth sparsely and caducously composed of resinous short stalked glands 0.15−0.25 mm long with thin-walled short to slightly elongate heads, the translucent stalks dark brown, the resinous heads light brown. Leaves of each pair somewhat anisophyllous in size; the thin petioles 3.5−4.7 cm long (on larger leaves) or 0.8−2.3 cm long (on smaller leaves), canaliculate adaxially, bluntly grooved and fluted abaxially, green to dark blue; larger blades 10−15.3 × 4−7 cm, smaller blades 6.6−9.2 × 2.85−4.2 cm, ovate to elliptic-ovate, the base broadly obtuse to rounded, the margin entire and obscurely ciliolate, the apex aristate-caudate, membranaceous; mature leaves adaxially with resinous glands on surface mostly 0.25 mm long; abaxial surface soon glabrescent; 5–(7-)plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging somewhat asymmetrically from the primary vein 0.3−0.5 cm above the base and producing a membrane-like structure at the point where the primary and secondary veins diverge from one another (acarodomatia?), areolae 0.5−1 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins slightly impressed, abaxially the primary vein elevated and terete, the secondary, tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised and terete. Inflorescence a pendant pseudolateral thyrse 6.7−7.4 to 10 cm long in fruit (including the peduncle 1.7−2.7 cm long), blue to dark violet, divaricately branched, inflorescence nodes somewhat thickened; bracts 0.6−1.9 × 0.25−0.45 mm (the lowermost longer than the uppermost), oblong-linear to ovate-oblong, sometimes tapering to a translucent tooth-like apex, glabrous, persistent in fruit; bracteoles 0.4−2 × 0.2−0.6 mm, ovate-oblong, sometimes tapering to a translucent tooth-like apex, somewhat thickened dorso-ventrally, glabrescent, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous on pedicels 0.6−1.2 mm long. Hypanthium at anthesis 2.1−2.3 × 1−2.2 mm (free portion of hypanthium 0.8 mm long), globose to urceolate, bluntly 10-ribbed, green to bluish, sparsely covered with clavate glands to 0.2 mm long, the ridged inner surface densely covered with white-translucent sessile glands, the torus adaxially beset with caducous brown-translucent glands less than 0.2 mm long. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, white to dark blue; tube 0.3 mm long with the same vestiture as the torus adaxially and as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 0.25−0.4 × 0.8 mm, broadly triangular to semicircular, the margin vaguely undulate, the apex blunt; exterior teeth 0.3−0.4 mm long, narrowly tuberculiform, inserted at the base of the calyx tube, not exceeding the calyx lobes. Petals 3.7−4.5 × 0.7−1.3 mm, oblong, the margin entire to vaguely undulate, the apex bluntly acute, white, glabrous on both surfaces, erect at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.7 × 0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.5−1.7 × 0.5−0.6 mm, oblong, truncate to slightly emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1−0.15 mm in diameter, white; connective somewhat darker than the thecae, its prolongation and appendage 0.6−0.7 mm long, the appendage oblong, rounded to truncate at the apex, minutely and sparsely beset with sessile white-translucent glands present also throughout the connective. Ovary 5-locular, 3/4 inferior, 1.8−1.9 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex forming a shallow bowl-like depression 0.4 mm in diameter, glandular-puberulent; style 3.5−3.8 mm long, white, glabrous; stigma expanded-truncate. Berries 3−3.5 × 3.5−4 mm when dry, globose-oblate, green becoming bluish when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.26−0.35 × 0.19−0.2 mm, ovoid, somewhat angled, brownish; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovoid, the highest point toward the chalazal side or near the central part of the seed. Raphal zone suboblong, ca. twice as long as the seed corpus, ventrally and laterally expanded, dark-brown. Appendage present at the chalazal end, ca. 0.26−0.27 mm long, translucent-white. Individual cells elongated and isodiametric, the latter only located at the highest part of the seed, anticlinal boundaries inconspicuous; periclinal walls par-convex, high-domed, microrelief absent. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): ― COLOMBIA. Nariño: municipio de Barbacoas, corregimiento de Junín, Reserva Natural de las Aves El Pangán, Sendero El Pangán, 1°21.539’ N, 78°5.097’ W, 719 m, 8 February 2013, Alvear M. et al. 1800 (CAS!, COL!, CUVC!, NY!, PSO!); Valle del Cauca: municipio de Dagua, corregimiento El Queremal, Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali, sector Alto Anchicayá, Sendero de la quebrada La Riqueza, 3° 36.072’ N, 76° 53.627’ W, 796 m, 10 January 2013, Alvear M. et al. 1547 (CAS!, COL!, CUVC!, NY!). Habitat, distribution and ecology:— A local species known only from cloud forests on the western slope of the Western Cordillera of the Andes in the departments of Valle del Cauca and Nariño in Colombia, at 650−810 m. Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in January and February. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the vivid blue and violet coloring of the petioles, inflorescence rachis and other floral parts as seen in living material. Conservation status:— This species is known only from two localities on the western flank of the cordillera Occidental. One of them is situated within the Farallones de Cali National Park which has an area of 2067.7 km 2 and an elevational gradient from 200 m up to 4100 m (Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia 2013). In that region this species is only known to grow between 700− 800 m. The other location is within the Reserva Natural de las Aves El Pangán which has an area of 603 km 2 and an elevational gradient between 500−1900 m (Fundación Proaves 2010). At that locality this species is only known to grow around 700 m. Based on georeferenced data from the known collections, GeoCAT (Bachman et al. 2011) was used to calculate extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) based on a user defined cell of 2 km. The extent of occurrence for Miconia indicovioacea is 478.570 km ² and the area of occupancy is 12.000 km ². Using IUCN guidelines and criteria (IUCN 2014), we assign this species a conservation status of Endangered EN B1ab(iii)., Published as part of Gamba, Diana, Almeda, Frank & Alvear, Marcela, 2014, Miconia indicoviolacea (Melastomataceae: Miconieae): a new Colombian species from the western flanks of the cordillera Occidental, pp. 171-176 in Phytotaxa 177 (3) on pages 171-174, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.177.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5144713, {"references":["Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia (2013) Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Available from http: // www. parquesnacionales. gov. co / PNN / portel / libreria / php / decide. php? patron = 01.0109 (accessed: 27 November 2013).","Fundacion Proaves (2010) Reserva Natural de las Aves El Pangan. Available from http: // www. proaves. org / rna-el-pangan / (accessed: 25 October 2010).","Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A. W., de la Torre, J., & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: Smith, V. & Penev, L., (Eds.) e-Infrastructures for Data Publishing in Biodiversity Science. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 150.2109","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2014) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 87 pp. Downloadable from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf"]}