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1. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author

Draper, F.C., Costa, F.R.C., Arellano, G., Phillips, O.L., Duque, A., Macía, M.J., ter Steege, H., Asner, G.P., Berenguer, E., Schietti, J., Socolar, J.B., de Souza, F.C., Dexter, K.G., Jørgensen, P.M., Tello, J.S., Magnusson, W.E., Baker, T.R., Castilho, C.V., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Fine, P.V.A., Ruokolainen, K., Coronado, E.N.H., Aymard, G., Dávila, N., Sáenz, M.S., Paredes, M.A.R., Engel, J., Fortunel, C., Paine, C.E.T., Goret, J.-Y., Dourdain, A., Petronelli, P., Allie, E., Andino, J.E.G., Brienen, R.J.W., Pérez, L.C., Manzatto, Â.G., Zambrana, N.Y.P., Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Chave, J., Fauset, S., Villacorta, R.G., Réjou-Méchain, M., Berry, P.E., Melgaço, K., Feldpausch, T.R., Sandoval, E.V., Martinez, R.V., Mesones, I., Junqueira, A.B., Roucoux, K.H., de Toledo, J.J., Andrade, A.C., Camargo, J.L., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Santana, F.D., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G., Lovejoy, T.E., Comiskey, J.A., Galbraith, D.R., Kalamandeen, M., Aguilar, G.E.N., Arenas, J.V., Guerra, C.A.A., Flores, M., Llampazo, G.F., Montenegro, L.A.T., Gomez, R.Z., Pansonato, M.P., Moscoso, V.C., Vleminckx, J., Barrantes, O.J.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., de Sousa, S.A., Arroyo, L., Perdiz, R.O., Cravo, J.S., Marimon, B.S., Junior, B.H.M., Carvalho, F.A., Damasco, G., Disney, M., Vital, M.S., Diaz, P.R.S., Vicentini, A., Nascimento, H., Higuchi, N., Van Andel, T., Malhi, Y., Ribeiro, S.C., Terborgh, J.W., Thomas, R.S., Dallmeier, F., Prieto, A., Hilário, R.R., Salomão, R.P., Silva, R.C., Casas, L.F., Vieira, I.C.G., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arevalo, F.R., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Torre, E.V., Peñuela, M.C., Killeen, T.J., Pardo, G., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Castro, W., Cabrera, D.G., Pipoly, J., de Sousa, T.R., Silvera, M., Vos, V., Neill, D., Vargas, P.N., Vela, D.M., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Umetsu, R.K., Sierra, R., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Prestes, N.C.C.S., Massi, K.G., Huaymacari, J.R., Gutierrez, G.A.P., Aldana, A.M., Alexiades, M.N., Baccaro, F., Céron, C., Muelbert, A.E., Rios, J.M.G., Lima, A.S., Lloyd, J.L., Pitman, N.C.A., Gamarra, L.V., Oroche, C.J.C., Fuentes, A.F., Palacios, W., Patiño, S., Torres-Lezama, A., Baraloto, C., Draper, F.C., Costa, F.R.C., Arellano, G., Phillips, O.L., Duque, A., Macía, M.J., ter Steege, H., Asner, G.P., Berenguer, E., Schietti, J., Socolar, J.B., de Souza, F.C., Dexter, K.G., Jørgensen, P.M., Tello, J.S., Magnusson, W.E., Baker, T.R., Castilho, C.V., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Fine, P.V.A., Ruokolainen, K., Coronado, E.N.H., Aymard, G., Dávila, N., Sáenz, M.S., Paredes, M.A.R., Engel, J., Fortunel, C., Paine, C.E.T., Goret, J.-Y., Dourdain, A., Petronelli, P., Allie, E., Andino, J.E.G., Brienen, R.J.W., Pérez, L.C., Manzatto, Â.G., Zambrana, N.Y.P., Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Chave, J., Fauset, S., Villacorta, R.G., Réjou-Méchain, M., Berry, P.E., Melgaço, K., Feldpausch, T.R., Sandoval, E.V., Martinez, R.V., Mesones, I., Junqueira, A.B., Roucoux, K.H., de Toledo, J.J., Andrade, A.C., Camargo, J.L., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Santana, F.D., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G., Lovejoy, T.E., Comiskey, J.A., Galbraith, D.R., Kalamandeen, M., Aguilar, G.E.N., Arenas, J.V., Guerra, C.A.A., Flores, M., Llampazo, G.F., Montenegro, L.A.T., Gomez, R.Z., Pansonato, M.P., Moscoso, V.C., Vleminckx, J., Barrantes, O.J.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., de Sousa, S.A., Arroyo, L., Perdiz, R.O., Cravo, J.S., Marimon, B.S., Junior, B.H.M., Carvalho, F.A., Damasco, G., Disney, M., Vital, M.S., Diaz, P.R.S., Vicentini, A., Nascimento, H., Higuchi, N., Van Andel, T., Malhi, Y., Ribeiro, S.C., Terborgh, J.W., Thomas, R.S., Dallmeier, F., Prieto, A., Hilário, R.R., Salomão, R.P., Silva, R.C., Casas, L.F., Vieira, I.C.G., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arevalo, F.R., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Torre, E.V., Peñuela, M.C., Killeen, T.J., Pardo, G., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Castro, W., Cabrera, D.G., Pipoly, J., de Sousa, T.R., Silvera, M., Vos, V., Neill, D., Vargas, P.N., Vela, D.M., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Umetsu, R.K., Sierra, R., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Prestes, N.C.C.S., Massi, K.G., Huaymacari, J.R., Gutierrez, G.A.P., Aldana, A.M., Alexiades, M.N., Baccaro, F., Céron, C., Muelbert, A.E., Rios, J.M.G., Lima, A.S., Lloyd, J.L., Pitman, N.C.A., Gamarra, L.V., Oroche, C.J.C., Fuentes, A.F., Palacios, W., Patiño, S., Torres-Lezama, A., and Baraloto, C.

Abstract

The forests of Amazonia are among the most biodiverse plant communities on Earth. Given the immediate threats posed by climate and land-use change, an improved understanding of how this extraordinary biodiversity is spatially organized is urgently required to develop effective conservation strategies. Most Amazonian tree species are extremely rare but a few are common across the region. Indeed, just 227 ‘hyperdominant’ species account for >50% of all individuals >10 cm diameter at 1.3 m in height. Yet, the degree to which the phenomenon of hyperdominance is sensitive to tree size, the extent to which the composition of dominant species changes with size class and how evolutionary history constrains tree hyperdominance, all remain unknown. Here, we use a large floristic dataset to show that, while hyperdominance is a universal phenomenon across forest strata, different species dominate the forest understory, midstory and canopy. We further find that, although species belonging to a range of phylogenetically dispersed lineages have become hyperdominant in small size classes, hyperdominants in large size classes are restricted to a few lineages. Our results demonstrate that it is essential to consider all forest strata to understand regional patterns of dominance and composition in Amazonia. More generally, through the lens of 654 hyperdominant species, we outline a tractable pathway for understanding the functioning of half of Amazonian forests across vertical strata and geographical locations.

Published
2021

2. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, R., Emilio, T., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Slik, F., Baker, W.J., Couvreur, T.L.P., Eiserhardt, W.L., Svenning, J.-C., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aiba, S.-I., de Almeida, E.C., de Almeida, S.S., de Oliveira, E.A., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves, L.F., Alvez-Valles, C.M., Carvalho, F.A., Guarin, F.A., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Murakami, A.A., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P.S., Corredor, G.A.A., Baker, T.R., de Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Bastin, J.-F., Bengone, N.N., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Böhning-Gaese, K., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brambach, F., Brearley, F.Q., Brewer, S.W., Camargo, J.L.C., Campbell, D.G., Castilho, C.V., Castro, W., Catchpole, D., Cerón Martínez, C.E., Chen, S., Chhang, P., Cho, P., Chutipong, W., Clark, C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Medina, M.N.C., Costa, F.R.C., Culmsee, H., David-Higuita, H., Davidar, P., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Van Do, T., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Drake, D.R., Ensslin, A., Erwin, T., Ewango, C.E.N., Ewers, R.M., Fauset, S., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Franklin, J., Fredriksson, G.M., Gillespie, T.W., Gilpin, M., Gonmadje, C., Gunatilleke, A.U.N., Hakeem, K.R., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Harris, D.J., Harrison, R.D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herault, B., Pizango, C.G.H., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hussain, M.S., Ibrahim, F.-H., Imai, N., Joly, C.A., Joseph, S., Anitha, K., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J., Killeen, T.J., Kitayama, K., Klitgård, B.B., Kooyman, R., Labrière, N., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Levesley, A., Lisingo, J., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lu, X., Lykke, A.M., Magnusson, W.E., Mahayani, N.P.D., Malhi, Y., Mansor, A., Peña, J.L.M., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Melgaco, K., Bautista, C.M., Mihindou, V., Millet, J., Milliken, W., Mohandass, D., Mendoza, A.L.M., Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nagy, L., Seuaturien, N., Nascimento, M.T., Neill, D.A., Neto, L.M., Nilus, R., Vargas, M.P.N., Nurtjahya, E., de Araújo, R.N.O., Onrizal, O., Palacios, W.A., Palacios-Ramos, S., Parren, M., Paudel, E., Morandi, P.S., Pennington, R.T., Pickavance, G., Pipoly J.J., III, Pitman, N.C.A., Poedjirahajoe, E., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, A., Puyravaud, J.-P., Qie, L., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J.M., Requena-Rojas, E.J., Correa, Z.R., Rodriguez, C.R., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rozak, A., Lleras, A.R., Rutishauser, E., Rutten, G., Punchi-Manage, R., Salomão, R.P., Van Sam, H., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schietti, J., Schmitt, C.B., Marimon, B.S., Senbeta, F., Nath Sharma, L., Sheil, D., Sierra, R., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Steininger, M.K., Steinmetz, R., Stévart, T., Sukumar, R., Sultana, A., Sunderland, T.C.H., Suresh, H.S., Tang, J., Tanner, E., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.W., Theilade, I., Timberlake, J., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Uriarte, M., Gamarra, L.V., van de Bult, M., van der Hout, P., Martinez, R.V., Vieira, I.C.G., Vieira, S.A., Vilanova, E., Cayo, J.V., Wang, O., Webb, C.O., Webb, E.L., White, L., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wich, S., Willcock, S., Wiser, S.K., Young, K.R., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Zartman, C.E., Zo-Bi, I.C., Balslev, H., Muscarella, R., Emilio, T., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Slik, F., Baker, W.J., Couvreur, T.L.P., Eiserhardt, W.L., Svenning, J.-C., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aiba, S.-I., de Almeida, E.C., de Almeida, S.S., de Oliveira, E.A., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves, L.F., Alvez-Valles, C.M., Carvalho, F.A., Guarin, F.A., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Murakami, A.A., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P.S., Corredor, G.A.A., Baker, T.R., de Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Bastin, J.-F., Bengone, N.N., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Böhning-Gaese, K., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brambach, F., Brearley, F.Q., Brewer, S.W., Camargo, J.L.C., Campbell, D.G., Castilho, C.V., Castro, W., Catchpole, D., Cerón Martínez, C.E., Chen, S., Chhang, P., Cho, P., Chutipong, W., Clark, C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Medina, M.N.C., Costa, F.R.C., Culmsee, H., David-Higuita, H., Davidar, P., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Van Do, T., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Drake, D.R., Ensslin, A., Erwin, T., Ewango, C.E.N., Ewers, R.M., Fauset, S., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Franklin, J., Fredriksson, G.M., Gillespie, T.W., Gilpin, M., Gonmadje, C., Gunatilleke, A.U.N., Hakeem, K.R., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Harris, D.J., Harrison, R.D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herault, B., Pizango, C.G.H., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hussain, M.S., Ibrahim, F.-H., Imai, N., Joly, C.A., Joseph, S., Anitha, K., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J., Killeen, T.J., Kitayama, K., Klitgård, B.B., Kooyman, R., Labrière, N., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Levesley, A., Lisingo, J., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lu, X., Lykke, A.M., Magnusson, W.E., Mahayani, N.P.D., Malhi, Y., Mansor, A., Peña, J.L.M., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Melgaco, K., Bautista, C.M., Mihindou, V., Millet, J., Milliken, W., Mohandass, D., Mendoza, A.L.M., Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nagy, L., Seuaturien, N., Nascimento, M.T., Neill, D.A., Neto, L.M., Nilus, R., Vargas, M.P.N., Nurtjahya, E., de Araújo, R.N.O., Onrizal, O., Palacios, W.A., Palacios-Ramos, S., Parren, M., Paudel, E., Morandi, P.S., Pennington, R.T., Pickavance, G., Pipoly J.J., III, Pitman, N.C.A., Poedjirahajoe, E., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, A., Puyravaud, J.-P., Qie, L., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J.M., Requena-Rojas, E.J., Correa, Z.R., Rodriguez, C.R., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rozak, A., Lleras, A.R., Rutishauser, E., Rutten, G., Punchi-Manage, R., Salomão, R.P., Van Sam, H., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schietti, J., Schmitt, C.B., Marimon, B.S., Senbeta, F., Nath Sharma, L., Sheil, D., Sierra, R., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Steininger, M.K., Steinmetz, R., Stévart, T., Sukumar, R., Sultana, A., Sunderland, T.C.H., Suresh, H.S., Tang, J., Tanner, E., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.W., Theilade, I., Timberlake, J., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Uriarte, M., Gamarra, L.V., van de Bult, M., van der Hout, P., Martinez, R.V., Vieira, I.C.G., Vieira, S.A., Vilanova, E., Cayo, J.V., Wang, O., Webb, C.O., Webb, E.L., White, L., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wich, S., Willcock, S., Wiser, S.K., Young, K.R., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Zartman, C.E., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Balslev, H.

Abstract

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neot

Published
2020

3. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author

Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., Phillips, O.L., Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., and Phillips, O.L.

Abstract

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate.

Published
2020

4. A global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass. The Forest Observation System approach

Author

Shchepashchenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Davies, S.J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labrière, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A.M., Bilous, S.Y., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, K.S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, D., Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., del Castillo Torres, D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Doff Sotta, E., d'Oliveira, M.V.N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M.D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Foli, E.G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A.D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassébé, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K., Susanty, F.H., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V.N., Killeen, T., Konan, J.K., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L.V., Kuznetsov, M.A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P.I., Licona, J.C., Lucas, R.M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J.A., Marimon, B., Marimon Junior, B.H., Martinez, R.V., Martynenko, O.V., Matsala, M.S., Matyashuk, R.K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Morozyuk, O.V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D.I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L.C., Ontikov, P.V., Osipov, A.F., Gutierrez, A.P., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V., Rodney, K., Rozak, A.H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonké, B., Souza, C., Stereńczak, K., Sullivan, M.J.P., Szatniewska, J., Taedoumg, H., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O.V., Valbuena, R., Valenzuela Gamarra, L.V., Vedrova, E.F., Verhovets, S.V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N.A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V.A., Vozmitel, F.K., Wanek, W., West, T.A.P., Woell, H., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Zamah Shari, N.H., Zo-Bi, I.C., Shchepashchenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Davies, S.J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labrière, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A.M., Bilous, S.Y., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, K.S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, D., Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., del Castillo Torres, D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Doff Sotta, E., d'Oliveira, M.V.N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M.D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Foli, E.G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A.D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassébé, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K., Susanty, F.H., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V.N., Killeen, T., Konan, J.K., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L.V., Kuznetsov, M.A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P.I., Licona, J.C., Lucas, R.M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J.A., Marimon, B., Marimon Junior, B.H., Martinez, R.V., Martynenko, O.V., Matsala, M.S., Matyashuk, R.K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Morozyuk, O.V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D.I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L.C., Ontikov, P.V., Osipov, A.F., Gutierrez, A.P., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V., Rodney, K., Rozak, A.H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonké, B., Souza, C., Stereńczak, K., Sullivan, M.J.P., Szatniewska, J., Taedoumg, H., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O.V., Valbuena, R., Valenzuela Gamarra, L.V., Vedrova, E.F., Verhovets, S.V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N.A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V.A., Vozmitel, F.K., Wanek, W., West, T.A.P., Woell, H., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Zamah Shari, N.H., and Zo-Bi, I.C.

Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth’s ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world's forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities. Live, most up-to-date dataset is available at https://forest-observation-system.net

Published
2019

5. The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass

Author

Schepaschenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Davies, S.J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labrière, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A.M., Bilous, S., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, .S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, D., Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., del Castillo Torres, D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Sotta, E.D., d’Oliveira, M.V.N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M.D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Foli, E.G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A.D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassébé, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K.C., Susanty, F.H., Higuchi, N., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V.V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V.N., Killeen, T., Koffi, J.-C., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L.V., Kuznetsov, M.A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P.I., Licona, J.C., Lucas, R.M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J.A., Marimon, B., Marimon, B.H., Martinez, R.V., Martynenko, O.V., Matsala, M., Matyashuk, R.K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moroziuk, Olga V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D.I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L.C., Ontikov, P.V., Osipov, A., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V.G., Rodney, K., Rozak, A.H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonké, B., Souza, C., Stereńczak, K., Stonozhenko, L., Sullivan, M., Szatniewska, J., Taedoumg, H., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O.V., Valbuena, R., Gamarra, L.V., Vasiliev, S., Vedrova, E.F., Verhovets, S.V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N.A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V.A., Vozmitel, F.K., Wanek, W., West, T., Woell, H., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Nur Hajar, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Schepaschenko, D., Chave, J., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Davies, S.J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Sist, P., Scipal, K., Perger, C., Herault, B., Labrière, N., Hofhansl, F., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aleinikov, A., Alonso, A., Amani, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Armston, J., Arroyo, L., Ascarrunz, N., Azevedo, C., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Bedeau, C., Berry, N., Bilous, A.M., Bilous, S., Bissiengou, P., Blanc, L., Bobkova, .S., Braslavskaya, T., Brienen, R., Burslem, D., Condit, R., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Danilina, D., del Castillo Torres, D., Derroire, G., Descroix, L., Sotta, E.D., d’Oliveira, M.V.N., Dresel, C., Erwin, T., Evdokimenko, M.D., Falck, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Foli, E.G., Foster, R., Fritz, S., Garcia-Abril, A.D., Gornov, A., Gornova, M., Gothard-Bassébé, E., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Guedes, M., Hamer, K.C., Susanty, F.H., Higuchi, N., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hubbell, S., Ilstedt, U., Ivanov, V.V., Kanashiro, M., Karlsson, A., Karminov, V.N., Killeen, T., Koffi, J.-C., Konovalova, M., Kraxner, F., Krejza, J., Krisnawati, H., Krivobokov, L.V., Kuznetsov, M.A., Lakyda, I., Lakyda, P.I., Licona, J.C., Lucas, R.M., Lukina, N., Lussetti, D., Malhi, Y., Manzanera, J.A., Marimon, B., Marimon, B.H., Martinez, R.V., Martynenko, O.V., Matsala, M., Matyashuk, R.K., Mazzei, L., Memiaghe, H., Mendoza, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moroziuk, Olga V., Mukhortova, L., Musa, S., Nazimova, D.I., Okuda, T., Oliveira, L.C., Ontikov, P.V., Osipov, A., Pietsch, S., Playfair, M., Poulsen, J., Radchenko, V.G., Rodney, K., Rozak, A.H., Ruschel, A., Rutishauser, E., See, L., Shchepashchenko, M., Shevchenko, N., Shvidenko, A., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sonké, B., Souza, C., Stereńczak, K., Stonozhenko, L., Sullivan, M., Szatniewska, J., Taedoumg, H., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E., Toledo, M., Trefilova, O.V., Valbuena, R., Gamarra, L.V., Vasiliev, S., Vedrova, E.F., Verhovets, S.V., Vidal, E., Vladimirova, N.A., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V.A., Vozmitel, F.K., Wanek, W., West, T., Woell, H., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Yamada, T., Nur Hajar, Z., and Zo-Bi, I.

Abstract

Forest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth’s ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (AGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. AGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world’s forests. All plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities.

Published
2019

6. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author

Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, José Luís Camargo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Georgia Pickavance, Pieter A. Zuidema, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Simon L. Lewis, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, René G. A. Boot, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lourens Poorter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Benoit Burban, Carlos A. Quesada, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Hans ter Steege, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paulo S. Morandi, Adriana Prieto, Juliana Stropp, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, James Singh, Jon Lloyd, Timothy R. Baker, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Patrick Meir, Roderick Zagt, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Joey Talbot, Marielos Peña-Claros, Luzmila Arroyo, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Michel Baisie, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Julio Serrano, Raquel Thomas, Aurora Levesley, Emanuel Gloor, Julie Peacock, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Timothy J. Killeen, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Natalino Silva, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Jorcely Barroso, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, William F. Laurance, Guido Pardo, James A. Comiskey, Agustín Rudas, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Rafael Herrera, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Victor Chama Moscoso, Ted R. Feldpausch, Aurélie Dourdain, Damien Bonal, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Terry L. Erwin, Lilian Blanc, Anthony Di Fiore, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Haiyan Liu, Vincent A. Vos, Foster Brown, Roel J. W. Brienen, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Niro Higuchi, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, University of Leeds, Plymouth University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), University of Plymouth, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Esquivel-Muelbert A., Phillips O.L., Brienen R.J.W., Fauset S., Sullivan M.J.P., Baker T.R., Chao K.-J., Feldpausch T.R., Gloor E., Higuchi N., Houwing-Duistermaat J., Lloyd J., Liu H., Malhi Y., Marimon B., Marimon Junior B.H., Monteagudo-Mendoza A., Poorter L., Silveira M., Torre E.V., Davila E.A., del Aguila Pasquel J., Almeida E., Loayza P.A., Andrade A., Aragao L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami A., Arets E., Arroyo L., Aymard C G.A., Baisie M., Baraloto C., Camargo P.B., Barroso J., Blanc L., Bonal D., Bongers F., Boot R., Brown F., Burban B., Camargo J.L., Castro W., Moscoso V.C., Chave J., Comiskey J., Valverde F.C., da Costa A.L., Cardozo N.D., Di Fiore A., Dourdain A., Erwin T., Llampazo G.F., Vieira I.C.G., Herrera R., Honorio Coronado E., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I., Jimenez-Rojas E., Killeen T., Laurance S., Laurance W., Levesley A., Lewis S.L., Ladvocat K.L.L.M., Lopez-Gonzalez G., Lovejoy T., Meir P., Mendoza C., Morandi P., Neill D., Nogueira Lima A.J., Vargas P.N., de Oliveira E.A., Camacho N.P., Pardo G., Peacock J., Pena-Claros M., Penuela-Mora M.C., Pickavance G., Pipoly J., Pitman N., Prieto A., Pugh T.A.M., Quesada C., Ramirez-Angulo H., de Almeida Reis S.M., Rejou-Machain M., Correa Z.R., Bayona L.R., Rudas A., Salomao R., Serrano J., Espejo J.S., Silva N., Singh J., Stahl C., Stropp J., Swamy V., Talbot J., ter Steege H., Terborgh J., Thomas R., Toledo M., Torres-Lezama A., Gamarra L.V., van der Heijden G., van der Meer P., van der Hout P., Martinez R.V., Vieira S.A., Cayo J.V., Vos V., Zagt R., Zuidema P., Galbraith D., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chemistry(all), Software_GENERAL, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Amazonegebied, Carbon sink, Trees, Growth–survival trade-off, Risk Factors, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Biomass (ecology), GE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Bomen, Mortality rate, food and beverages, risk factors, mortality, trees, PE&RC, Tropical ecology, Tree (data structure), population characteristics, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Brazil, geographic locations, GE Environmental Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Sequestration, Science, Physics and Astronomy(all), Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Tree mortality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, parasitic diseases, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Author Correction, Vegetatie, Proportional Hazards Models, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), DAS, social sciences, General Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Sterfte, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality., Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.

Published
2020
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