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Background: In addition to the direct impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on child/adolescent health, changes in infections caused by other viruses have been observed. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are important agents of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in these age groups. This study presents an analysis of the influence of the pandemic on the seasonal and clinical patterns of ARF caused by RSV and influenza., Methods: A retrospective ecological study was performed. The data of individuals younger than 20 years who were hospitalized with ARF and who were diagnosed with RSV, influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 2019 and 2022 were analysed. The data were collected from the governmental system., Results: Among 367,136 individuals, the incidence of ARF increased annually. During the pandemic, the number of infected schoolchildren, adolescents, and nonwhite people; intensive care admissions; and mortality rates increased. Older age, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and residence in North Brazil/Northeast Brazil were associated with lower odds of intensive care unit admission but greater odds of death. Comorbidities were important risk factors for severe disease. There was a drastic reduction in the number of RSV and influenza infections, with a resurgence in 2021. After the resurgence in 2021, the number of influenza-related deaths remained above the 2019 level, which did not occur in 2022. After 2021, RSV infection was associated with greater odds of intensive care admission but not death., Conclusions: During the pandemic, older children, adolescents, and individuals with comorbidities were more vulnerable to ARF. There was a reduction in the prevalence and severity of RSV and influenza infections. After this reduction, a resurgence with an out-of-season pattern, but without higher odds of death than in the prepandemic year, was observed for both in 2022., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Gama, Ferraro and Vieira.)

Problem: We aimed to investigate the main causes of recurrent miscarriage (RM) in patients with losses after spontaneous gestation (SG) and after in vitro fertilization (IVF)., Method of Study: A prospective case-control study was conducted. The eligible patients were women who had experienced two or more consecutive abortions after <12 weeks' gestation, two consecutive losses after SG, or two consecutive losses after IVF. All patients were subjected to the following evaluations: karyotyping of the aborted material, alloimmune and autoimmune marker testing, and acquired and hereditary thrombophilia marker testing., Results: In total, 58 patients were eligible: 32 patients with RM after SG and 26 patients with RM after IVF. The factors associated with RM were genetic (29%), immune (14%), thrombophilic (21%), and thrombophilic and immune (24%), and only 12% of the cases were idiopathic. Comparing the two study groups (SG and IVF), all studied factors were similar, except for a higher ANA positivity observed in the SG group (SG 30.4% vs IVF 5.3%, OR 8.6 (CI 1.1-21.1, P .048)., Conclusion: Our study identified the possibly factors associated with recurrent miscarriage in 86% of the cases, and these factors appear to be similar in patients with recurrent miscarriage after spontaneous gestation and IVF. This study demonstrates that IVF with PGT-A with euploid embryo transfer could reduce abortions by up to 29%, but other factors need to be investigated even in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors related to mortality in neonates with gastroschisis, ranging from prenatal care to corrective surgery., Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted and included neonates with gastroschisis who underwent surgical correction from 2010 to 2015. The patients were divided into two groups based on postoperative outcomes: those who were discharged and those who died postoperatively. Data regarding demographics, prenatal history, delivery route, surgery and postoperative outcomes were collected in both groups., Results: In total, 168 patients were eligible; 82 (48.8%) were discharged, and 86 (51.2%) died postoperatively. Fewer prenatal visits (4.85 versus 6.05 visits, P = 0.004), delayed prenatal diagnosis (27.6 versus 22.2 weeks of gestational age, P = 0.005), low birth weight (2159 versus 2444 g, P < 0.001), intestinal injury (OR 5.5, P = 0.001) and sepsis (OR 112.1, P < 0.001) were associated with infant mortality. The type of delivery and the mean time between birth and the first corrective surgery (16.2 versus 21.1 h, P = 0.071) were not associated with increased neonatal mortality; however, the newborns who underwent their first corrective surgery after less than 4 h of life had lower mortality, and surgery performed after more than 4 h of life increased the risk of mortality (OR 2.7, CI 1.2-6.3, P 0.014)., Conclusion: The mortality rate was high (51.2%) and was associated with inadequate prenatal care, low birth weight, gestational age, the severity of intestinal injury, infection and septicemia., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)