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ABSTRACT Background Aims Methods Results Conclusion Marionette lines are a feature of the aging face, descending from the oral commissures towards the jaw. VYC‐17.5 L is a dermal filler that contains 17.5 mg/mL of hyaluronic acid (HA) and lidocaine (3 mg/mL); it is intended for the treatment of skin depressions. VYC‐17.5 L has been shown to be safe and effective in different conditions, but there is a lack of published literature on its effectiveness in marionette lines.This 12‐month prospective, open‐label, post‐marketing study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the injectable HA filler VYC‐17.5 L for the improvement of marionette lines.Adults (≥ 18 years) with mild‐to‐severe marionette lines on the validated Allergan Marionette Line Scale (AMLS) received VYC‐17.5 L on Day 1 with optional touch‐up on Day 14. The primary endpoint was proportion of participants with ≥ 1‐point change in AMLS from baseline at Month 1 (M1). Secondary endpoints were investigator‐ and participant‐rated Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), FACE‐Q satisfaction with facial appearance, and appraisal of lines: marionette. Safety was assessed throughout.A total of 83 participants completed the study; 69.9% of participants had ≥ 1‐point change in AMLS at M1. Investigator and participant GAIS showed improvement. Both FACE‐Q scores significantly improved from baseline (p < 0.0001). A significant volume improvement was seen and maximized at M1. Most participant‐reported injection site reactions were mild or moderate and resolved within 8 days; 14 subjects reported adverse device effects, with the most common being pain, which resolved within 8 days.This prospective, open‐label study showed that VYC‐17.5 L effectively improved marionette lines and was well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopatterned ferromagnetic (FM) thin films have specific characteristics that make them a workhorse for sensors based on magnonic, magnetoplasmonic, or anisotropic magneto-resistive effects. Undulated FM thin films have been studied because of their tunable uniaxial anisotropy. They have been traditionally understood by means of Schlömann's model taking account of shape-induced magnetic anisotropies in softly corrugated systems. Here, we show how it cannot describe accurately the magnetic behavior of highly corrugated FM systems within a thickness region of less than the ripple amplitude. We report on the magnetization reversal processes detected in Permalloy films deposited onto highly corrugated patterns (250 nm in periodicity, 180 nm in amplitude) in a wide thickness range (15–150 nm), finding both that the anisotropy of the system does not correspond to a uniaxial type for FM thicknesses larger than 40 nm and that the anisotropy of the system increases with the FM thickness. Based on the results, we hypothesize that whereas Schlömann's model is valid for softly corrugated thin films, it fails to explain magnetization reversal processes of highly corrugated thin films, especially when the ripple amplitude is much greater than the deposited FM layer thickness. By means of micromagnetic simulations, we find an increment of anisotropy with thickness, just as in the experimental, as well as determine the arise of magnetic domains at the ridges of high thickness corrugated FM thin films. This approach will help to get a better understanding of operating mechanisms in magnetic field sensors based on undulated ferromagnetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel cell isolation technique was used to characterize cadmium and calcium uptake in distinct populations of gill cells from the adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A specific population of mitochondria-rich (MR) cell, termed the PN[A.sup.+] MR cell (PNA is peanut lectin agglutinin), was found to accumulate over threefold more [sup.109]Cd than did PN[A.sup.-] MR cells, pavement cells (PV cells), and mucous cells during a 1-h in vivo exposure at 2.4 [micro]g/1 [sup.109]Cd. In vitro [sup.109]Cd exposures, performed in standard PBS and [Cl.sup.-]- free PBS, at concentrations from 1 to 16 [micro]g/1 [sup.l09]Cd, were also carried out to further characterize [Cd.sup.2+] uptake kinetics. As observed during in vivo experiments, PN[A.sup.+] MR cells accumulated significantly more [sup.109]Cd than did other cell types when exposures were performed by an in vitro procedure in PBS. Under such conditions, [Cd.sup.2+] accumulation kinetics in all cell types could be described with Michaelis-Menten relationships, with [K.sub.m] values of ~3.0 [micro]g/l Cd (27 nM) for both MR cell subtypes and 8.6 [micro]g/1 Cd (77 nM) for PV cells. In similar experiments performed in [Cl.sup.-]-free conditions, a significant reduction in [sup.109]Cd accumulation in PN[A.sup.+] MR cells was seen but not in PN[A.sup.+] MR or in PV cells. In vitro [sup.45]Ca fluxes were also performed to determine the cellular localization of [Ca.sup.2+] transport in these functionally distinct populations of gill cells. [sup.45]Ca uptake was most pronounced in PN[A.sup.+] MR cells, with levels over threefold higher than those found in either PN[A.sup.-] MR or in PV cells. Results from the present study suggest that the PN[A.sup.+] MR cell type is a high-affinity and high-capacity site for apical entry of [Cd.sup.2+] and [Ca.sup.2+] in the gill epithelium of rainbow trout. freshwater fish gill epithelium; peanut lectin agglutinin; metal binding; MINEQL+

A magnetic cell separation technique (MACS) was developed for isolating and characterizing peanut lectin agglutinin positive ([PNA.sup.+]) cells from rainbow trout gills. Percoll density separated mitochondria-rich (MR) cells were serially labeled with PNA-FITC and an anti-FITC antibody covalently coupled to a 50-nm iron particle and then applied to a magnetic column. [PNA.sup.+] MR cells were enriched to >95% purity. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of both the [PNA.sup.+] and PNA negative ([PNA.sup.-]) fraction showed that PNA binds to MR chloride cells while the [PNA.sup.-] cell fraction is comprised of MR cells with features characteristic of pavement cells. Western blotting demonstrated that both [PNA.sup.+] and [PNA.sup.-] fractions had high levels of [Na.sup.+]-[K.sup.+]-ATPase and Sco1 expression; however, relative expression of [H.sup.+]-ATPase in [PNA.sup.+] and [PNA.sup.-] cells demonstrated that untreated fish had twofold higher [H.sup.+]-ATPase levels in [PNA.sup.-] cells relative to the [PNA.sup.+] cells. Furthermore, hypercapnic acidosis significantly increased the relative [H.sup.+]-ATPase expression on [PNA.sup.-] cells only, whereas metabolic alkalosis had no significant effect. peanut lectin; pavement cell; fish; hypercapnia; hydrogen-adenosine-triphosphatase

A research report examines the transmission of waterborne silver to rainbow trout, creating an acute toxicity model to study the effects of the silver on the fish.