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In this tribute to Johan Galtung, I reflect on Galtung's groundbreaking work in peace studies, particularly his focus on structural violence and the concept of positive peace. Galtung's ideas have profoundly influenced scholars and activists, inspiring a shift toward holistic approaches to peacebuilding. Despite initial skepticism, peace studies has gained widespread recognition and integration into academic disciplines. In this essay, I also introduce the concept of 'hyper' form of negative peace, emphasizing the need to address historical grievances in peacebuilding efforts. Inspired by Galtung's vision, the essay advocates for inclusive and participatory approaches to peace formation, envisioning a future where peace is synonymous with justice and human flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive analysis of water interactions enhances understanding of the dynamic and complex conditions in transboundary river basins. The Basin at Risk (BAR) method is among common methods to analyze water interactions. The integrated Basin at Risk (iBAR) method has recently enhanced BAR. As an extension of BAR, iBAR emphasizes hidden drivers of water conflict and cooperation, whereas BAR includes visible ones. The novelty of iBAR is grounded in Johan Galtung's theory of violence and the concept of positive peace. This method emphasizes the importance of capturing the hidden aspects of water conflicts as well as the concept of positive peace in water interactions. While iBAR has made significant improvements in addressing water conflicts, some challenges remain. This paper provides a review and theoretical analysis of iBAR. Initially, the iBAR development phases are reviewed in terms of positive peace conceptualization and contextualization in water interactions. Following this, the theoretical background of this method is discussed. The results suggest that the iBAR method could be further enhanced by revising concepts of positive peace, social justice, and environmental justice in water interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outside of a specialist literature, the study of violence occupies a marginal position within comparative and international education scholarship. A key contributing factor is the absence of a holistic conceptual framework that can capture the nature, extent and causes of violence in education. The article proposes such a framework, by updating Johan Galtung's model of direct, structural and cultural violence and putting it into dialogue with more recent theoretical work from the social sciences and humanities. This dialogue affirms the importance of each form of violence and the interconnections between them but proposes a deeper appreciation of the depth ontology of violence and a reappraisal of Galtung's ideas about the visibility and invisibilization of violence. The article explores the utility of the framework by using it to explore the so-called learning crisis, which it argues may be more accurately considered a crisis of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article we analyze the notion of violence using Johan Galtung's theory of direct, structural, and cultural violence as a conceptual framework. This lens, triangulated and enriched with concepts from other authors, by also emphasizing the historical and geopolitical characteristics of the Mexican context, will help overcome some of the limitations of said theory. By emphasizing the complexity of this phenomenon, we reinterpret it from an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate some areas that otherwise remain unseen and open the debate of the underlying power mechanisms and the way it acquires internal efficacy, producing concealed consequences, such as adapted subjectivities. The objective of our analysis is to highlight its' multiple dimensions and forms, and a critical examination of its invisibility and normalization. This theoretical dissertation is essential, because a deeper comprehension is a prerequisite to develop means of prevention and elimination from the core, which is unresolved conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Review / Przeglad Strategiczny is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sarah Ruhl's In the Next Room or The Vibrator Play investigates the causes of violence against women that constitutes any act of gender-based violence that results in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women. Ruhl uses historical facts to make a connection between the events that occurred in the past and the present. This study aims to examine the problem of violence and its effects on women. The study tries to analyze the types of violence based on Johan Galtung's theory of Violence Triangle as a method of analysis. In his seminal article, Violence, Peace, and Peace Research (1969), Galtung presents his famous theory of the Violence Triangle, which is the best framework for comprehending the concept of violence. He made a distinction between three categories of violence: direct, structural, and cultural violence. This classification enables the examination of many types of violence. According to Galtung, "violence is present when human beings are being influenced so that their actual somatic and mental realizations are below their potential realizations" (Galtung 1969, p. 168). Galtung says that scholars should look at how violence is used to keep people from doing what they want in their daily lives, not just how it affects their bodies. The ultimate goal of this study is to show those causes of violence that result in various types of suffering for women and also to analyze the types of violence in the play under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murders, tortures, rapes and terrorist attacks are not predominant topics in Primero estaba el mar, Temporal and Abraham entre bandidos. These novels by Tomás González, therefore, move away from the graphic representation of violence that has proliferated in Colombian media and monopolized Colombian literary production since the 1990s. This article tries, nonetheless, to demonstrate that violence is still there, beyond the visible and the immediate. Based on Johan Galtung's, Slavoj Žižek's and Byung Chul-Han's theoretical reflections on violence, this article addresses significant questions as: Why is so difficult to recognize, classify and enunciate violence in the Colombian literary context? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses women's organizations in Burundi have set up numerous grassroots initiatives to foster conflict transformation and prevent the re-emergence of conflict. It mentions non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can take a variety of actions, jointly or separately, to contribute to conflict prevention in fragile and conflict-torn countries. It mentions United Nations' Agenda for Peace (1992) expanded conflict prevention; and Johan Galtung's concept of positive peace.

This essay revisits Johan Galtung's early articulation of the concept of "positive peace" in order to re-surface its fundamental radicalism, together with some of its inherent tensions, paradoxes, and politics. It then explores the linkages and contested relationship between the concept of positive peace and the prevailing peacebuilding paradigm of our day: liberal peacebuilding. I argue that our understanding of debates about both positive peace and liberal peacebuilding can be clarified when viewed through the lens of contested liberalisms and conflicting liberal values. Such debates often appear to reflect more of a political and ideological debate within the larger liberal tradition itself and between competing liberal values than some kind of choice between liberal, illiberal, or "postliberal" peacebuilding. Advancing peace theory and praxis at this stage would benefit from an increasing willingness to more openly confront some of these choices and a greater degree of transparency about our liberal commitments, including in the hard, "real world" cases where tensions seem irreconcilable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Johan Galtung's theory of cultural violence from the perspective of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's theory of hegemony. Topics discussed include problems for thinking about violence and its causes and cures in terms of popular culture; role of cultural factors in producing violence; and ways in which hegemony constitutes social reality.

While the daily news in 2015 could give us the impression that we are constantly in a state of war, most of the world on most days in the year is in fact peaceful, if we apply a minimal definition of peace, meaning the absence of violence. Peace, in a way, is more the norm in international relations than is war. This fact goes strangely unnoticed in the discussion about war and peace. Most researchers focus on the times when things go wrong, and violence and wars occur. While this is reasonable, as we want to understand the causes of conflict, so we need to look at conflict, it might give a wrong impression and prevent thinking about peace, what constitutes it, and howto improve it. As Werner Levi writes: A mentality prevails which tends to neglect the possibility that wars may result, not from factors present in a war situation, but from the absence of factors safeguarding peace. The unpopularity of tackling the problem of this assumption is explicable. First of all, the drama of war attracts attention; it stimulates thoughts about its avoidance. Second, it is considerably more difficult to look for conditions absent in war--in view of the illimitable number of conditions which have to be present to preserve peace--and then show that the absence of any of them is responsible for the outbreak of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the 2017 North Central Sociological Association Presidential Address by scholar Debra H. Swanson, which discusses the relation between political polarization in the U.S. and violence. Topics include the work of sociologist Johan Galtung on the causes of violence, the impact of the Southern Strategy on the ideologies of the Democratic Party and Republican Party, and the relation of partisanship to geographic and social sorting. The role of higher education in preventing racism and polarization is noted.

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peacebuilding as a definitions has been initiated and studied quite late, while as a concept it begun to be used after the Cold War. The well-known researcher Johan Galtung, was the one who developed and reasoned the notion of peacebuilding as well as its development phasing. For this scientific paper, which deals with peacebuilding, we have chosen as a case study, the case of Kosovo. The main objective of this paper is to present the developments in Kosovo, and its journey towards peacebuilding, starting from 1999, a period when the war ends and peace begins. Materials elaborated in this paper, are mainly articles and scientific papers by foreign authors, because it is worthwhile and important to have an insight into their point of view regarding Kosovo peacebuilding case. The methodology applied in this research paper, is based on the analysis of these materials, using descriptive and historical method, through which we will highlight the case of peacebuilding in Kosovo. The expected outcomes of this paper, aim to present the definition of peacebuilding as a concept as well as its usage in the case of Kosovo, as a case study used in this research paper. It also aims to show the challenges that Kosovo politics have encountered in order to build a sustainable peace. In the conclusions of this paper, we would like to present the case of peacebuilding in Kosovo as a success story, and this case may be used as a model for other international cases where needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In proposing 'a structural theory of imperialism' nearly half a century ago, Johan Galtung made center-periphery relations central to peace research theory and more generally to the way scholars from the periphery see international relations. Galtung took an imperialist system to be a special case of a 'dominance system'; any such system enforces an unequal distribution of privilege and material well-being through mechanisms of direct, structural and cultural violence. I propose to re-write Galtung's structural theory by taking rules and rule to perform the function that he assigned to violence. I conclude that today's global imperialist system is ruled through a functionally segmented hegemony, supported by hierarchical coercion against a heteronomous backdrop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Direct and bloody violence has a long history on stage. In recent years, a different mode of violence can be distinguished in the work of prominent American playwrights – less direct than indirect, more covert than overt, and likely to affect a group rather than individuals. In this article Russell Vandenbroucke applies concepts from Norwegian sociologist and Peace Studies scholar Johan Galtung to examine structural and cultural violence in Suzan-Lori Parks's Father Comes Home from the Wars (Parts 1, 2, & 3) and traces similar representations of violence in Anna Deavere Smith's Fires in the Mirror, Tony Kushner's Angels in America, Lynn Nottage's Ruined, Ayad Aktar's Disgraced, The Laramie Project by Moisés Kauffman and the Tectonic Theater Project, and Tim Robbins's adaptation of Dead Man Walking by Sr Helen Prejean. These writers have in common the status of traditional outsiders – black, female, gay, Muslim – and this informs their engagement in the social and political vitality of the stage. The shift in focus of these plays from direct violence echoes observations in Steven Pinker's recent The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Russell Vandenbroucke is Professor of Theatre Arts at the University of Louisville and Director of its Peace, Justice, and Conflict Transformation programme. He previously served as Artistic Director of Chicago's Northlight Theatre. His publications include Truths the Hand Can Touch: the Theatre of Athol Fugard and numerous articles on South African theatre. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the literary criticism of the book "Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization" by Johan Galtung. Topics discussed include the revisit and reform of the definition of peace, Galtung's use of negative and positive peace, the implicit value judgment, and the notions on the factors driving conflict between social actors.

The article discusses the predictions made by peace research pioneer Johan Galtung regarding the future of American politics and the possibility of the fulfillment of the predictions based on the 2016 U.S. Presidential elections.

The Little Bighorn battlefield is a place of violence-both in the past and present. The list of books about the historic battle is long, and the telling of the Little Bighorn story continues to grow more inclusive, yet the literature generally lacks careful analysis of the nature of violence. The military historians who dominate the field tend to take for granted the presence of armed combat and may be unaware of the valuable insights offered by peace theory. Unlike the social science fields, including history, which cling to the pretence of scholarly "detachment," peace studies admits to a specific social goal. The goal of peace studies, ultimately, is to reduce current levels of violence and to make future violence less likely. From this perspective, the traditional telling of history can be troublesome. Interpretations of the past which, however unwittingly or subtly, depict warfare as inevitable, inexplicable, admirable, or glorious contribute to warmaking in the present day. This article is concerned with how history is presented in and around the Little Bighorn battlefield and how that presentation may promote violence. The article offers a brief summary and explanation of Johan Galtung's peace and violence triangles, then applies that theory to the historical conflict between US and Lakota societies. Next, the lens is turned to the cultural violence of the Little Bighorn National Monument. Finally, because peace studies also demands application beyond the academy, this article offers a peace prescription for the region, not as a complete and authoritative solution, but as an example to promote creative, inclusive conflict resolution. In sum, this article shows how a better historical understanding of conflict and violence offers hope for a less violent future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Johan Galtung’s concept of peace journalism. First it examines the fields out of which peace journalism was born – peace studies and conflict analysis – and the current viability of this framework. These theories are then applied to a case study of the American coverage of the war in Iraq, itemizing and explaining each of the peace journalism tenets and contrasting them with the dominant style of war reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Since World War II, economic growth has been the leading policy goal in efforts to eradicate poverty. There is strong evidence that this strategy has gone hand in hand with increasing inequity and environmental degradation. We need concepts that will help us understand the inadequacies of the current economic system. We propose drawing from the ideas of sociologist Johan Galtung on social power structures, and those of economist Herman Daly on the physical features of the economy. A fusion of these perspectives creates a novel framework for analysis and a basis to formulate alternatives to the current growth strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, I aim to analyze the contributions and limits of the concepts of peace and violence proposed by Johan Galtung for the study of violent conflicts. In doing so, I try to emphasize not only their advantages and disadvantages, but also reformulate them in a way that they don´t loose their original meanings. More specifically, I argue that instead of using the concepts of cultural violence and cultural peace, we should use the expressions “meaning in the service of violence" and “meaning in the service of peace". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"One basic formula for understanding the Community is this: Take five broken empires, add the sixth one later, and make one big neo-colonial empire out of it all."[Professor Johan Galtung, Norwegian sociologist] The EU represents a unique economic and political partnership, formally recognised on 1 November 1993 through the Maastricht Treaty, uniting 27 States around common political, economic, cultural and social values - a Community which evolves towards the Economic and Monetary Union, based on internal and external policy cooperation between States. Based on these priorities, but being aware of the numerous differences between Member States/regions regarding the level of development, the EU assumes the task of reducing the existing gaps through a common regional policy, aiming to reinforce economic and social cohesion. This paper intends to examine the effects of the economic crisis on the cohesion policy 2007-2013 and the measures adopted by the EU in order to reduce them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the endemic violence in South Africa and how the contradictory threads of reconciliation, the Rainbow Nation, and societal decay are connected in the nation's society. The author analyses the events at Grootvlei Mine in Gauteng Province using a conceptual framework based on the work of Johan Galtung and his concepts of structural violence, direct violence, cultural violence, negative peace, and positive peace. The author concludes that the Grootvlei Mine case demonstrates the need for societies to create more effective methods of enabling individual and group recovery from trauma.

Thesis defended in this text is that it is necessary now to unite duties and rights, such as personal, group, institutional responsibility and the State. To defend this idea are the approaches of Eastern cultures and thought of Thomas Scanlon, Johan Galtung and Amartya Sen are used. The first takes the justification of personal responsibility as a way to realize the justice, different attitude to the classic which examines fair institutions, without further reference to personal duties. It picks up Galtung thinking because of its reference to the current global governance and even if it criticizes the idea of human rights of Sen, the position of this author to gathers duties and rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the concept of structural violence formulated by Johan Galtung and proposes foundational violence as a key aspect of Galtung's direct, structural and cultural violence. In contrast to Galtung's theory of violence within the notion of negative power of destruction, the author perceives foundational violence as an agent of creating new structures. Foundational violence is exemplified by the Jewish or Palestinian state, and the sovereign nations of Indian tribes.

The article considers the dialectical relationship of catastrophe and political violence within the framework of structural violence as conceptualized by Johan Galtung. Violence according to Galtung is situated within social structures and manifests as unequal power, and this form of violence exacerbates catastrophic events by infusing it into its center and making it pervasive. The author notes that such pervasiveness in capitalist violence and power.

The article considers Antonio Gramsci's hegemony, Michel Foucault's responsibilization and Johan Galtung's structural violence as counter-theses to the concept of neoliberalism. While Gramsci espouses an expanded notion of the integral state which includes civil society, Foucault emphasizes the primacy of individuals as a free and responsible agent of society. Galtung suggests that there is an impairment of human life within the neoliberal social structure.

The article discusses the concept of structural violence which Johan Galtung defines within the framework of social structures and relations, and manifests as inequality of power, resources and life opportunities. Galtung's concept is similar to the dichotomous schema of societal violence elaborated by Friedrich Engels in his treatise "Condition of the Working Class in England." Both political theorists espouse a theory of violence and injury not recognizable in society.

These study discuses the ongoing Taliban conflict in Pakistan from the perspective of peace journalism as developed by Johan Galtung and functionalized by Jake Lynch and McGoldrick later on. I have analyzed the leading newspapers of Pakistan on the issue and found a major thrust for war journalism. Media in Pakistan as guided by sensationalism and market forces, have dramatized the whole issue by reducing the conflict to just two groups, thus minimizing chances of rapprochement. Peace journalism indicators developed by peace researchers have been relegated to the background and war journalism indicators invoked in the great deal of coverage. Overall, this study through a content analysis method and peace media framing theory, convey the findings as indicted by several other researchers, that in conflict scenario, traditional media attaches to war and give least coverage to peace overtures, thus exacerbating the conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analisis Politico is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to analyze in greater detail the forms and kinds of violence, following the classifications made from Peace Research. In this paper we set out a summary of reasons, origins, forms, results, ambiguity of the word violence, but above all, the factors that determine the violent behavior of human beings: such as instinct, social learning, frustration, etc., which can be exploited as intellectual tools to induce human beings into understanding, harmony, and especially, the transformation of conflicts. Following Johan Galtung, we try to clarify the types of violence: direct (verbal, psychological and physical); structural (poverty, repression, pollution, alignment, etc.); cultural (from ideas, norms, values, tradition, etc.), and/or symbolic (demonstrations by acts or rituals that give recognition to direct and structural violence). Finally, noting that the central thesis of this paper is that "human being is conflictive by nature, but violent because of education and culture". This thesis is supported by defining three aspects: a) The meaning of violence (a typically human phenomenon, biologically free but psychologically voluntary); b) The manifestations of violence, and c) its possible taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative research was aimed to observe the level of violence in the local news content of the District of Santa Marta, published in newspapers such as: El Informador, Hoy Diario del Magdalena, Ajá y Qué, and Al Día. The analysis characterized the cultural and structural direct violence among the spaces where it usually develops: Nature, Man and Society, according to the theory about the structures of violence in society by Johan Galtung, for the analysis of text structure the approach of Teun Van Dijk was used. Results indicate that the violent events that occurred in greater proportion were observed in environments of humans whose acts constitute direct violence, followed by society, whose acts constitute structural violence, and finally nature, whose acts constitute cultural violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]