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Abstract Background Developing interventions for older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has the potential to prevent dementia in this at-risk group. Preclinical models indicate that Citrus-derived phytochemicals could benefit cognition and inflammatory processes, but results from clinical trials are still preliminary. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of long-term supplementation with Citrus peel extract on cognitive performance and inflammation in individuals with SCD. Methods Eighty participants were randomly assigned to active treatment (400 mg of Citrus peel extract containing 3.0 mg of naringenin and 0.1 mg of auraptene) or placebo at 1:1 ratio for 36 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) total score across the 36-week trial period. Other cognitive outcomes included tests and scales evaluating verbal memory, attention, executive and visuospatial functions, and memory concerns. The secondary endpoint was the change of interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels over the 36-week trial period in a subsample of 60 consecutive participants. An Intention-to-treat approach with generalized linear mixed models was used for data analysis. Results The RBANS total score showed significant improvement in both Citrus peel extract and placebo groups at 36 weeks (p for time

Abstract MYCN-amplified RB1 wild-type (MYCN amp RB1 +/+) retinoblastoma is a rare and aggressive subtype, often resistant to standard therapies. Identifying unique MRI features is crucial for diagnosing this subtype, as biopsy is not recommended. This study aimed to differentiate MYCN amp RB1 +/+ from the most prevalent RB1 -/- retinoblastoma using pretreatment MRI and radiomics. Ninety-eight unilateral retinoblastoma patients (19 MYCN cases and 79 matched controls) were included. Tumors on T2-weighted MR images were manually delineated and validated by experienced radiologists. Radiomics analysis extracted 120 features per tumor. Several combinations of feature selection methods, oversampling techniques and machine learning (ML) classifiers were evaluated in a repeated fivefold cross-validation machine learning pipeline to yield the best-performing prediction model for MYCN. The best model used univariate feature selection, data oversampling (duplicating MYCN cases), and logistic regression classifier, achieving a mean AUC of 0.78 (SD 0.12). SHAP analysis highlighted lower sphericity, higher flatness, and greater gray-level heterogeneity as predictive for MYCN amp RB1 +/+ status, yielding an AUC of 0.81 (SD 0.11). This study shows the potential of MRI-based radiomics to distinguish MYCN amp RB1 +/+ and RB1 -/- retinoblastoma subtypes.

Abstract In this paper, we present the potential of Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging (THz-TDI) as a tool to perform non-invasive 3D analysis of an ancient enamel plate manufactured by Longwy Company in France. The THz data collected in the reflection mode were processed using noise filtering procedures and an advanced imaging approach. The results validate the capability to identify glaze layers and the thickness of ceramic materials. To characterize the nature of the pigments, we also use with X-ray images, visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy, and p-XRF (portable X-ray fluorescence) to qualitatively and quantitively identify the materials used. The obtained information enables a better understanding of the decoration chromogens nature and, thus, to determine the color palette of the artists who produced such decorative object. We also establish the efficiency of a focus, Z-tracker, which enables to perform THz imaging on non-flat samples and to attenuate artifacts obtained with a short focus lens. Then, 3D images are extracted and generated, providing a real vision. We also report the evaluation of the internal damage state through the detection of fractures.

Abstract High-temperature superconducting wires have many large-scale, niche applications such as commercial nuclear fusion as well as numerous other large-scale applications in the electric power industry and in the defense, medical and transportation industries. However, the price/performance metric of these coated conductor wires is not yet favorable to enable and realize most large-scale applications. Here we report on probing the limits of J c (H, T) possible via defect engineering in heteroepitaxially deposited high-temperature superconducting thin-films on coated conductor substrates used for long-length wire fabrication. We report record values of J c (H, T) and pinning force, F p (H, T) in (RE)BCO films with self-assembled BaZrO3 nanocolumns deposited on a coated conductor substrate. A J c of ~190 MA/cm2 at 4.2 K, self-field and ~90 MA/cm2, at 4.2 K, 7 T was measured. At 20 K, J c of over 150 MA/cm2 at self-field and over 60 MA/cm2 at 7 T was observed. A very high pinning force, F p , of ~6.4 TN/m3 and ~4.2 TN/m3 were observed at 7 T, 4.2 K and 7 T, 20 K respectively. We report on the highest values of J c and F p obtained to date for all fields and operating temperatures from 4.2 K to 77 K. These results demonstrate that significant performance enhancements and hence far more favorable price/performance metrics are possible in commercial high-temperature superconducting wires.

Tolstoj quadrangle (H08) is located in the equatorial area of Mercury, between 22.5°N and 22.5°S and 144° and 216°E. Using the NASA/MESSENGER data, we compiled a geological map of the quadrangle at a scale of 1:3.000.000. The main basemap we used was the MDIS 166 m/pixel BDR mosaic. In addition, mosaics with high-incidence illumination from west and east, MDIS global color mosaics, and the MDIS global DEM have been taken into account. In the map, we considered three feature classes: geological units, lineaments, and surface features. Geological units consist of crater material and plains. Lineaments include crater and pit rims, and structures. Finally, surface features are subdivided into crater chains or clusters, hollows, faculae, bright and dark material. The geological map will be integrated into the global 1:3M geological map of Mercury, which is being prepared in support to the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission.

Disrupting mitochondrial function in malignant cells is a promising strategy to enhance anticancer immunity. We have recently demonstrated that depriving colorectal cancer cells of serine results in mitochondrial dysfunction coupled with the cytosolic accumulation of mitochondrial DNA and consequent activation of CGAS- and STING-dependent tumor-targeting immune responses.

Abstract Visible‐blind ultraviolet (VBUV) photodetectors are designed for UV detection without responding to visible light, thus having many applications in communications, flame detection, environment monitoring, and astronomy. Herein, an organic device concept based on the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photodiode is presented for high‐performance VBUV photodetection and imaging. The BHJ, comprised of an organic electron donor, 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT), and an electron acceptor, indene‐C60 bisadduct (ICBA), shows efficient generation and transport of free charges upon UV irradiation. The organic photodiode (OPD) delivers exceptional VBUV photodetection performance. At a low voltage of −0.5 V, the device exhibits a wide linear dynamic range of 98.15 dB. Furthermore, the OPD can detect ultra‐low light intensities down to 0.58 µW cm−2 with a high photoresponsivity of 0.12 A W−1 and specific detectivity of 2.75 × 1012 Jones. More importantly, by integrating the OPD with a readout integrated circuit, the pixel‐array organic VBUV imager is demonstrated to have high‐quality imaging capability. The results reveal a novel strategy to design VBUV photodetectors and imagers with balanced performance, cost, area, flexibility, and power consumption.

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction can elicit multiple inflammatory pathways, especially when apoptotic caspases are inhibited. Such an inflammatory program is negatively regulated by the autophagic disposal of permeabilized mitochondria. Recent data demonstrate that the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins is essential for NEMO-driven NF-kB activation downstream of mitochondrial permeabilization.

Spectroscopic techniques were carried out to identify the dyes used on the famous mediaeval Lady and the Unicorn tapestries kept in the Cluny Museum. Among the six tapestries, La Vue shows a colour variation between the front, which appears blue, and the back, which appears violet, on the Lady’s skirt. In the Middle Ages, it was common for the violet colour to be made with a blue dye bath (woad or indigo) followed by a red bath, which could be madder, cochineal, kermes, or orchil. Since orchil is known to be very unstable to light, its potential use in the original recipe was investigated and a study on this dye was performed. Contactless analyses (hyperspectral imaging in the visible-near-infrared range and UV fluorescence spectroscopy) were carried out on both the tapestry and mock-ups prepared following various mediaeval recipes. The investigation allowed for the identification of woad and orchil on the back of the tapestry, which was preserved from exposure to light. In addition, an ageing study elucidated colour degradation, revealing not only the different responses to light of different dyes but also the effect of specific dye preparations on light resistance. The experiments showed that the longer the maceration, the higher the light resistance of the dye. Furthermore, the red orchil colour fades faster than the woad.

Abstract The etiology of various neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the central nervous system including (but not limited to) Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease has classically been attributed to neuronal defects that culminate with the loss of specific neuronal populations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that numerous immune effector cells and the products thereof (including cytokines and other soluble mediators) have a major impact on the pathogenesis and/or severity of these and other neurodegenerative syndromes. These observations not only add to our understanding of neurodegenerative conditions but also imply that (at least in some cases) therapeutic strategies targeting immune cells or their products may mediate clinically relevant neuroprotective effects. Here, we critically discuss immunological mechanisms of central neurodegeneration and propose potential strategies to correct neurodegeneration-associated immunological dysfunction with therapeutic purposes.

Focal radiation therapy (RT) has attracted considerable attention as a combinatorial partner for immunotherapy (IT), largely reflecting a well-defined, predictable safety profile and at least some potential for immunostimulation. However, only a few RT-IT combinations have been tested successfully in patients with cancer, highlighting the urgent need for an improved understanding of the interaction between RT and IT in both preclinical and clinical scenarios. Every year since 2016, ImmunoRad gathers experts working at the interface between RT and IT to provide a forum for education and discussion, with the ultimate goal of fostering progress in the field at both preclinical and clinical levels. Here, we summarize the key concepts and findings presented at the Sixth Annual ImmunoRad conference.