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In 2016 the species richness of arthropod communities was investigated in two grasslands overlying limestone substrate in order to obtain management information useful for the conservation of biodiversity of a protected area within the Antola Regional Park in Liguria, North-Western Italy. During the summer season arthropods with different ecological and behavioural traits were collected using sweep nets, butterfly nets and pitfall traps from an extensive pasture in Bavastrelli and an irregularly mown, unfertilised meadow in Garaventa. Individual- and sample-based rarefaction analyses were performed to estimate the expected species richness detectable for each collection method. Concurrently, an expeditious study of the plant assemblages for both sites was also undertaken in order to characterize their central area and margins. Differences between the expected and observed number of arthropod species for the two study areas were influenced by collection methodology and associated statistical analysis; however, the Bavastrelli pasture resulted in higher values of species richness both in terms of the number of estimated and observed taxa and species. Plant species richness was slightly greater in Garaventa (totally 90 species, 63 of which in the core area) than in Bavastrelli (80 species overall, including 54 in the central part of the pasture) with a greater number of Festuco-Brometea species showing an evolutionary tendency towards more xeric formations. The observed herbaceous formations characteristic of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea were richer in species of the Plantaginetalia majoris complex when animals grazed and trampled for longer periods. Also, there seems to be an inverse relationship between overall plant and arthropod species richness in the two study areas. Overall, these results highlight the importance of a middle-low level of grazing in maintaining high arthropod biodiversity level at a local scale and suggest the opportunity to diversify grassland management in order to increase, and conserve, the biodiversity on a larger scale., BELS - Bulletin of Enviromental and Life Sciences, V. 5 N. 1 (2023): Bulletin of Environmental and Life Sciences

The first records of Protura in three localities of Campania (South Italy) are shown. Three species were recorded: Acerentulus confinis (88 specimens), Gracilentulus gracilis (34) and Eosentomon transitorium (1). Some considerations are outlined on the presence of juvenile individuals and on the sex ratio of the two dominant species., BELS - Bulletin of Enviromental and Life Sciences, V. 4 N. 1 (2022): Bulletin of Environmental and Life Sciences

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) is traditionally regarded as the father of Biogeography. Thanks to his holistic approach to nature, however, Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) laid the methodological foundations of Ecology and Phytogeography. His attention to the collection of as many data as possible on environmental parameters in order to understand which factors influence species distribution and characters can be considered extremely modern. Therefore, some authors today believe that it would be legitimate to attribute the authorship of biogeography to von Humboldt., BELS - Bulletin of Enviromental and Life Sciences, Vol 2, No 1 (2020): VON HUMBOLDT DAY - GENOA

EDITORIAL: 250th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT., BELS - Bulletin of Enviromental and Life Sciences, V. 2, N. 1 (2020): VON HUMBOLDT DAY - GENOA

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) grandii Silvestri, 1933 Plusiocampa grandii Silvestri, 1933b: 1, figs i–ii. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1933b; Condé 1954a) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 33–38 antennomeres. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; abundant clothing setae. Three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.25) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+1 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown; female with subcylindrical appendages bearing glandular a 1 setae., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1933 a. Nuovi contributi alla conoscenza della fauna delle isole italiane dell'Egeo. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria in Portici 27: 61 - 111.","Silvestri F. 1933 b. Descrizione di una nuova specie cavernicola di Campodeidae (Thysanura Entothropha) del Trentino. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria de Bologna 6: 1 - 4.","Conde B. 1954 a. Ordnung: Entotropha (Diplura). In: Franz H. (ed.) Der Nordost im Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt: 644 - 649. Universitatsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, Austria."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) gadorensis Sendra, 2001 Plusiocampa gadorensis Sendra, 2001: 73, figs 1–4, tables i–ii. Diagnosis (Sendra 2001) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 46–52 antennomeres; 15–18 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; small protruding frontal process with a few slightly tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2–3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 (2+3) lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 (2+3) lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; short notal clothing setae. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws (1.15) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergite II with 0+0–1+1 (0+1) post macrosetae; urotergite III with 0+0–1+1 la, 1+1–2+2 (0+1) post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 (1+2) la, 3+3– 4+4 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 (1+2) la, 4+4–5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VI with 1+1 (1+2) la, 5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 (6+5) post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7–8+8 (8+9), urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with an area of glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female and male appendages identical. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species endemic to the isolated karst of Sierra de Gádor, in the Peni-Baetic System, southeastern Iberian Peninsula. It is known from seven natural caves and one mine., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Sendra A. 2001. Dipluros campodeidos (Diplura: Campodeidae) de las grutas almerienses (Almeria, Espana). Zoologica Baetica 12: 71 - 82."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) sardiniana Condé, 1981 Plusiocampa sardiniana Condé, 1981b: 593, fig. 1b. Plusiocampa provincialis ? – Condé 1953: 36. Diagnosis (Condé 1953 b, 1981 b, 1983) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 33–38 antennomeres; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws (1.15) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 (0+1) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 (1+2) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VI with 2+2 (1+2) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 2+2–3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; thick clothing setae on abdominal segments IX–X; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae or glandular a 2 setae, with the exception of 1+ 1 g 1 and 2–3 a 2 in one specimen; female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found only in the San Giovanni Caves, Sardinia., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 79, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1981 a. Description d'un Campodeide enigmatique de Sardaigne (Insecta: Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 88 (1): 95 - 99. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41323335 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Conde B. 1981 b. Un nouveau Plusiocampa troglobie du massif de la Sainte-Baume (Diploures Campodeides). Revue suisse de Zoologie 88 (3): 589 - 594. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41337647 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Conde B. 1953 a. Diagnoses de nouvelles Campodeides Corses. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle, 2 ° serie 25: 562 - 567.","Conde B. 1953 b. Campodeides de la grotte de San Giovanni (Sardaigne). Notes biospeologiques 8: 33 - 37.","Conde B. 1983. Le genre Plusiocampa dans les grottes sardes (Diploures Campodeides). Revue suisse de Zoologie 90 (4): 899 - 905. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41311753 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) dallai Bareth & Condé, 1984 Plusiocampa dallai Bareth & Condé, 1984: 138, fig. 3. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 1984) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 32 antennomeres; 8 complex olfactory chemoreceptors with an atypical multi-sheet shape in cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; thin, barbed notal clothing setae. Three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.25) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown, female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species only known from Grotta di Montenero, in the Gargano Promontory part of the Apulia Carbonate Platform, Italian Peninsula., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Bareth C. & Conde B. 1984. Nouveaux Plusiocampa cavernicoles d'Italie continentale (Diplura Campodeidae). Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana 116 (8 - 10): 132 - 147."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) suspiciosa Condé & Mathieu, 1957 Plusiocampa suspiciosa Condé & Mathieu, 1957: 467, fig. xi, 45–52. Diagnosis (Condé & Mathieu 1957) Non-troglomorphic species. Antennae with 20–21 antennomeres; four olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; non-protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3–2+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse smooth notal clothing setae. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal small claws with small lateral crests, posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites IV with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown; female with subcylindrical to conical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution The locatity of this species is still not clear, as a label confusion may have occurred between two localities, one endogean habitat in France (Tarn-et-Garonne, La Capelle-Livran, Caylus) and a small cave in Sicily (Scaletta Zanclea, south of Messina).

Patrizicampa sardoa Condé, 1962 Figs 1–2 Patrizicampa sardoa Condé, 1962: 199, figs a–b. Diagnosis (Condé 1962) Troglomorphic species. Cupuliform organ with 10–14 complex olfactory chemoreceptors. Protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; long clothing setae covered with thin barbs. Subequal elbow-like claws (1.1) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergite III with 1+1 la, 0+0–1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 2+2 la, 1+1–3+3 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2–3+3 la, 2+2–4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 3+3 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8–8+9 post macrosetae. Urosternite I with 15+15– 16+16, urosternites II–VII with 7+7–8+8, urosternite VIII with 3+3 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae, slightly subtrapezoidal appendages with glandular a 1 and a 2 setae; females with subcylindrical appendages and an apical area with glandular a 1 setae. Remarks (Figs 1–2) The study of many specimens collected in 6 new caves (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allowed us to complete Condé’s diagnosis, as well as to supplement it with some minor taxonomic details. Medial antennomeres with 10–12 gouge sensilla 40–50 µm long. End of metathoracic leg reaches end of abdomen; calcars covered with barbs; subapical setae with thin barbs almost from base up to twothirds of length. Stylus with an apical seta with a few thin barbs and a large, thick basal tooth, medial and subapical setae covered with thin barbs. Male appendages with up to 60 glandular a 2 setae and 20 a 1 glandular setae (Fig. 1); female appendages with up to 18 a 1 glandular setae. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 2 turns of 140–160 µm long and up to 4 µm wide filament (Fig. 2). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in eight caves in eastern Sardinia (Fig. 210)., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1962. Campodeides des grottes de Sardaigne (Insecta Diplura). Atti VII Congresso nazionale di Speleologia, Memoria III: 199 - 202.","Conde B. 1956 a. Campodeides cavernicoles de Grece. Notes biospeologiques 11: 7 - 12."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) festae Silvestri, 1932 Plusiocampa festae Silvestri, 1932: 75, figs x–xi. Plusiocampa festae coi Silvestri, 1932: 78. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1933a; Condé 1984a) Slightly troglomorphic species. Antennae with 25 and 35 antennomeres. Non-protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; abundant notal clothing setae. Two (rarely three) ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.1) with large lateral crests; posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+0 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2– 3+3 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 7+7 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 9+9 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with an area of glandular g 1 setae and enlarged appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Remarks The studied material (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) from MSS habitats was collected from inland Greece. Three specimens from Évia show variability in the number of post macrosetae on the third urotergite; they have 2+1, 2+2 and 3+3 post macrosetae, showing the dubious value of the subspecies P. (P.) festae coi. In addition, a juvenile from Montes Orno, Crete, has also been studied and it matches in all chaetotaxic characters with P. (P.) festae festae. In conclusion, we suggest that P. (P.) festae coi should be synonymized with the nominate subspecies. Habitat and distribution Soil-dwelling species previously found on Karpathos and Leros, islands of the Dodecanese Archipelago; also collected in endogean environments at two sites on Crete and at a locality near Izmir, Anatolia, Turkey. It seems to inhabit MSS, where it has also been found at 14 localities in continental Greece., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1932. Campodeidae (Thysanura) de Espana (primera parte). Eos 8: 115 - 164.","Silvestri F. 1933 a. Nuovi contributi alla conoscenza della fauna delle isole italiane dell'Egeo. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria in Portici 27: 61 - 111.","Conde B. 1984 a. Diploures Campodeides (Insectes) de Grece (1 ere note). Revue suisse de Zoologie 91 (1): 173 - 201. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41303604 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) lindbergi Condé, 1956 Fig 119 Plusiocampa lindbergi Condé, 1956a: 7, figs 1–2. Diagnosis (Condé 1956a) Slightly troglomorphic species. Antennae with 34–37 antennomeres; five olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ of a possibly regenerated antenna; non-protruding frontal process with nontubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, large, barbed notal macrosetae; smooth clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.05–1.1) with middle-sized lateral crests, posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female with slender, subcylindrical appendages. Remarks The study of one male adult of 4.6 mm body length collected from the MSS habitat in Xànthi, Gérakas, Greece (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allows the addition of information on the urosternites of the male. It has a narrow area of 96 glandular g 1 setae, arranged in 2–3 rows; enlarged and subcylindrical appendages with a distal area of up to 60 glandular a 1 setae (Fig. 119). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species known from Saint-Jean-le-Prodrome Cave (Spilaio Pelade) and from the MSS habitat near Xánthi, both on the Balkan Peninsula, in the Macedonian and Greek regions., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1956 a. Campodeides cavernicoles de Grece. Notes biospeologiques 11: 7 - 12."]}

Plusiocampa (Dydimocampa) euxina Condé, 1996 Plusiocampa euxina Condé, 1996: 102, figs 1–6. Diagnosis (Condé 1996) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 44–45 antennomeres; eight to ten complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; slightly protruding frontal process with a few anterior tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse short, smooth notal clothing setae. Three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.25) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang; short lateral processes. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 2+2 la, 5+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 9+9 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 8+7, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with a large area of glandular a 1 setae; adult female unknown. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species inhabiting the Movile Cave, Southern Dubrudja, Romania., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1996. Diploures Campodeides de la Pestera de la Movile (Movile Cave), Dobroudja meridionales (Roumanie). Revue suisse de Zoologie 103 (1): 101 - 114. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41267657 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) bonadonai bonadonai Condé, 1948 Plusiocampa bonadonai Condé, 1948c: 50, figs 2–3. Diagnosis (Condé 1948c, 1949, 1950; Condé & Poivre 1982; Bareth 2006) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 31–37 antennomeres; 7–8 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse notal clothing seate with a few distal barbs. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.05) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergites IV–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with abundant glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages like female appendages, with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in 11 caves and at one edaphic site in the Île Saint-Honorat caves around the Western Alps, in the mountain reliefs near the Mediterranean coast in the Provence Alps, France., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1948 a. Les Campodeides cavernicoles du Jura. Bulletin de l'Association speleologique de l'Est 1 (1): 1 - 6.","Conde B. 1948 c. Addition a la faune des campodeides cavernicoles de France. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy, new series 7 (2): 45 - 54.","Conde B. 1949. Plusiocampa provincialis n. sp. cavernicole de Provence (Diploures Campodeides). Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Lyon (Oct. 1949): 166 - 169.","Conde B. 1950. Description d'un Campodeide cavernicole de Lombardie. Doriana (Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" G. Doria \") 1 (3): 1 - 4.","Conde B. & Poivre C. 1982. Plusiocampa bonadonai Conde au Valais (Insecta, Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 89 (1): 167 - 176. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41324017 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Bareth C. 2006. Les Campodes de France (Diploures Campodeides). Memoires de Biospeologie, hors serie: 2 - 108."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) hoffmanni Sendra & Paragamian sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C4D40A0-3013-48A3-B3DF-529E78F99DDC Figs 59–94, 204; Tables 6–8 Etymology This species is named in honour of Luc Hoffmann (1923–2016), an extraordinary man, a naturalist and philanthropist, who helped create many international conservation organisations and supported conservation research and actions in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. Material examined Holotype GREECE • ♀; Crete, Marathos nomos Iraklion, Spilaio Doxa (n. 1065); 490 m a.s.l.; 11 May 2005; Fulvio Gasparo leg.; MZB. Paratypes GREECE – Crete • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype but 2 Jun. 2002; Coll. AS • 1 ♀; Zoniana nomos Rethymon, Spilaio Sfento Trypa (n. 701); 630 m a.s.l.; 11 Apr. 2003; Kaloust Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS • 6 ♀♀; Krousonas, Malevizi, Krousaniotiko Livadi, Varathro Stou Bokon ton Poro; 1Jul. 1990; Kaloust Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS • 1 ♀; Mylopotamos, Livadia, Varathro Sipouli; 24 Mar. 1990; Kaloust Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Malevizi, Gonies, Varathro Psistraki; 20 Nov. 2005; Kaloust Paragamian and S. Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS. Description BODY. Body length: 4.8 mm (juvenile), 4.7 and 5.4 mm (males from Spilio Doxa), 5.9 and 6.4 mm (females from Spilio Doxa), and 7.4 mm (male from Sfentoni Trypa). Epicuticle smooth under optical microscope, but reticulate at high magnification (Figs 68–69); body with thin, long clothing, smooth or with a few thin distal barbs on dorsal side and well barbed on ventral side, legs and urosternal appendages. HEAD. Antennae with 44–53 antennomeres; central antennomeres 2.5–3× as long as wide, apical antennomere 2.5× as long as wide (Fig. 61). Large cupuliform organ occupying ¼ of total length of apical antennomere, with 8–10 complex olfactory chemoreceptors (Figs 59–60). Small coniform sensillum of third antennomere located in ventral position between c and d macrosetae. Thin and long gouge sensilla, 38–50 µm long, in a single distal whorl of 10–14 sensilla on each medial and distal antennomere (Figs 62–64). Protruding frontal process with tubercular setae and macrosetae with thin barbs. Three macrosetae along line of insertion of antennomere and x setae relatively long, covered from distal third to fourth (Figs 65–66). THORAX. Thoracic macrosetal distribution (Fig. 67): pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la 1,2,3,4 , 2+2 lp 2,3 ; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la 1,2,3 , 2+2 lp 2,3 , 1+1 mp; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 0+0, 0+1, 1+1, 1+2 la or 0+1, 1+1 sla, 2+2 lp 2,3 , 1+1 mp. All medial posterior macrosetae in a forward position. All long, thin notal macrosetae with very thin barbs along distal third or half; marginal setae longer than clothing setae, covered by a few thin distal barbs. Legs elongated, metathoracic legs overpassing end of abdomen at beginning of tarsus. Tibia longest part of leg, 1.11–1.30× as long as tarsus and 1.21–1.37× as long as femur (Table 7). Ratios between lengths of tibia, tarsus and femur seem more or less fixed (Table 7). Femora II–III with one long, thin dorsal macroseta and one shorter ventral macroseta. Tibiae I–III with two or three ventral macrosetae surrounded by thin, short barbs. Calcars surrounded from base almost to tip by thin, short barbs. Metatarsus with a pseudo-articulation on distal third. Typical double rows of thick, completely barbed setae along ventral side of tarsus. Dorsal and lateral subapical tarsal setae completely covered by thin barbs nearly from base almost to tip. Subequal to slightly unequal claws (posterior claw 1.05–1.15× as long as anterior one), with large lateral crests well developed on posterior claw prolongated backwards. Ventral side of claws with longitudinal ridges separated by a surface of micro-hemispherical structures. Pretarsal processes setiform, with abundant, very short proximal barbs (Figs 71–82). ABDOMEN. Distribution of abdominal macrosetae on tergites: 1+1 post 1 on I–II; 1+1–0+0 la, 1+1 post 1 on III; 1+1 la, 3+3–4+4 post 1,2,4,5 on IV; 1+1 la, 5+5 post 1–5 on V–VII, 7+7 post on VIII; 8+8–9+9 post on abdominal segment IX. Urosternite I with 7+7–9+9, urosternites II–VII with 5+5–7+7, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae; all urosternal macrosetae robust, large, covered by long barbs along distal half to four-fifths (Figs 87–88). Stylus with subapical setae longer and more barbated, in fact completely surrounded by short, abundant barbs, more numerous on apical and ventromedial setae (Figs 92–93); large eversible vesicles (Figs 92, 94). Two complete cerci, 2.37 and 1.71× as long as body; this ratio higher in an incomplete 14.50 mm long cercus of 5.4 mm long male (Table 8); up to 11 articles, covered with numerous disorganized, long, thin macrosetae with thin barbs along distal half, in addition to a distal whorl of longer, thicker macrosetae on each article plus an apical whorl of barbed, thin, short clothing setae (Fig. 70). SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS. Female urosternite I with subcylindrical appendages, each bearing up to 18 glandular a 1 setae in a distal area (Figs 89–91). Male urosternite I (Figs 83–86) with a posterior area of up to 160 glandular g 1 setae in larger male from Sfedoni Trypa (absent in smaller male); with thick, large, subcylindrical appendages, much thicker than female appendages, each bearing up to 100 glandular a 1 setae in a large distal area in two largest adults. Spermatozoid fascicles with a thick spiral filament. Phyletic affinities, habitat and distribution The presence of medial posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum relates P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. to almost half of the species in the subgenus Plusiocampa, all living in the European region, including most of the Mediterranean islands. Among them, P (P) festae is probably the closest related species due to the distribution pattern of their notal macrosetae; in spite of the fact that both species live in Crete (Condé 1984a; Silvestri 1933a), they occupy different habitats, P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. in deep subterranean habitats, P. (P.) festae in soil and subterranean superficial habitats. In addition to this ecological difference, there are several important features that allow them to be separated. Plusiocampa (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. has troglomorphic traits, with longer appendages than P. (P.) festae and more antennomeres and cercal articles, with more complex and more numerous olfactory chemoreceptors within the cupuliform organ. In P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov., the claws are slightly unequal to subequal, but with large lateral crests and a backward prolongation of the posterior claws. Additionally, P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. shows a protruding frontal process covered by tuberculated setae, 8+8 macrosetae on the first urosternite and 6+6 on the second to seventh urosternites. Some of these features also separate P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. from P. (P.) rybaki, a poorly described troglomorphic species from the southern Balkan Peninsula (Condé 1956). Plusiocampa (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. has been collected from the deep zone of 14 caves in the numerous karst areas of Crete (Fig. 204).

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) bonadonai lanzai Condé, 1961 Plusiocampa bonadonai lanzai Condé, 1961: 399. Diagnosis differential against the type form (Condé 1961; Condé & Poivre 1982) Troglomorphic subspecies.Antennae with 27–33 antennomeres. Urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae. No adult males have been observed, and the young males from Valais do not have glandular g 1 setae, without glandular a 2 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies found in a cave of Valais (Switzerland) as well as in two caves in Brescia and Toscana (Italy), around the Western Alps., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1961. Stations et variation de Plusiocampa magdalenae Conde et de P. bonadonai Conde (Diploures Campodeides). Annales de Speleologie 16 (4): 387 - 399.","Conde B. & Poivre C. 1982. Plusiocampa bonadonai Conde au Valais (Insecta, Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 89 (1): 167 - 176. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41324017 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) chiosensis Sendra & Gasparo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B3F3B66C-8C7C-48BF-A841-EAD3DF711C47 Figs 44–46; Tables 3–4 Etymology The name ʻchiosensisʼ is proposed based on the island of Chios, where it occurs in its deep subterranean habitat. Material examined Holotype GREECE • ♀; Chios Island, Sykias; 10 Jun. 2006; Fulvio Gasparo leg.; MZB 2019-1030. Paratypes GREECE • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; Coll. AS. Description BODY. Body length 4.4 and 4.9 mm (males, paratypes) and 7.8 mm (female, holotype). Epicuticle smooth under optical microscope; body with sparse thin, long clothing, covered or not by a few thin distal barbs. HEAD. Holotype with two intact antennae of 54 antennomeres, 14.8 mm long. Small coniform sensillum of third antennomere located in ventral position between c and d macrosetae. Central antennomeres 3.8× as long as wide, apical anntenomere 3.6× as long as wide. Small cupuliform organ occupying 1/9 of total length of apical antennomere, with 6–7 complex olfactory chemoreceptors. Thin and long gouge sensilla (44–47 µm long) in a single distal whorl of 10–13 sensilla on each medial and distal antennomere. Frontal process developed, with tubercular setae and macrosetae with thin barbs. Three macrosetae along line of insertion of antennae poorly differentiated, only anterior one with 1–2 thin apical barbs; x setae longer than these macrosetae, with a couple of thin apical barbs (Fig. 44). Suboval labial palps with latero-external sensillum larger than sensillum of third antennomere, with two guard setae, up to 12 setae on anterior border and up to 130 neuroglandular setae. THORAX. Distribution of thoracic macrosetae: pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4–3+3 la 1,2,3,4 , 2+2 lp 2,3 (additionally in the three type specimens, 1+1 extra ma near the sagittal plane); mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 (0+1) la 2 , 2+2 lp 2, 3 , 1+1 mp; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 lp 2 and 1+1, 0+1 or 0+0 mp. All notal macrosetae long, thin, covered by very thin barbs along distal third up to half; marginal setae longer than clothing setae, covered by thin barbs along distal half up to two thirds; spare clothing setae, with 14, 21 and 23 clothing setae on each heminotum of pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, respectively (holotype). Legs elongated, metathoracic legs overpassing end of abdomen in middle of tibia; measurements as in Table 3. Femora II–III with one long dorsal macroseta and one longer ventral macroseta. Tibiae I–III with two ventral macrosetae surrounded all along by thin, short barbs. Calcars surrounded from base to tip by thin, short barbs. Dorsal and lateral subapical tarsal setae completely covered by thin barbs almost from base and almost to tip. Subequal claws (posterior claw 1.0–1.05× as long as anterior claw); posterior claw with a small backward overhang; lateral crests well developed, noticeably ridged on ventral side. Pretarsal lateral process setiform, with plenty of very short proximal barbs. ABDOMEN. Distribution of abdominal macrosetae on tergites: 1+1 post 1 on I–III; 1+1 la, 2+2 lp 1,2 on IV; 1+1 la, 5+5 post 1–5 on V–VII, 8+8 post on VIII; 11+11 (11+12) post on abdominal segment IX. All post urotergal macrosetae thick, long, covered by thin barbs along distal four-fifths; la urotergal macrosetae shorter than post macrosetae, covered by barbs along distal half. Urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II– VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae; all urosternal macrosetae robust and large, covered by long barbs along distal half up to four-fifths. Apical subapical and ventro-medial setae completely surrounded by short abundant barbs. CERCI. One complete cercus in holotype with eight articles in addition to basal article, 19.70 mm long (Table 4), 2.53 mm longer than body length; articles show whorls of long macrosetae covered by thin barbs along distal two-thirds, combined with whorls of smooth, thin setae shorter than macrosetae. SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS. Female urosternite I (Fig. 45) with enlarged subcylindrical appendages, each bearing up to 16 glandular a 1 setae in a distal area. Male urosternite I (Fig. 46) without glandular g 1 setae, with moderated large subcylindrical appendages thicker than those of female, each bearing up to 33 glandular a 1 setae. Phyletic affinities, habitat and distribution Although P. (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. has medial posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum (sometimes absent in one or two heminota), as do many previously described species of Plusiocampa s. str., a similar reduction in the number of lateral anterior and lateral posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum is present in another troglomorphic species, P. (P.) glagra from continental Greece (Condé 1984a). Plusiocampa (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. also shares a couple of noticeable taxonomical features with P. (P.) glabra in their subequal claws and the number of urosternal macrosetae. Nevertheless, the presence of 1+1 lateral anterior macrosetae on the mesonotum, the more abundant macrosetae on all urotergites, including the eighth abdominal segment, and the absence of glandular g 1 setae in males in P. (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. distinguish it from P. (P.) glabra. Plusiocampa (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. is only known from one cave and occupies the deep subterranean spaces, showing highly troglomorphic features (elongation of appendages, antennomeres and articles, and the strengthening of sensorial equipment of the antennae).

Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981 Figs 196–201, 206 Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981: 776, figs 1a–c, 2a–c, 3a–c, 4a–c, 5a, c, e. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 1981; Sendra 1988; Sendra & Escolà 2004) Troglomorphic species. Epicuticle smooth. Antennae with 34–40 elongated antennomeres; 12–16 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ. Protruding frontal process with abundant tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 1+1 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la macrosetae; long, thin notal macrosetae with a very few barbs; long, thin smooth clothing setae. Subequal, elbow-like claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang; laminar, barbed ventral pretarsal processes. Urotergites III–VII with 1+1 la macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 4+4 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 7+7 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 22+22, urosternites II–VII with 7+7, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae; overdeveloped appendages with a large area of glandular a 2 setae and an apical area of glandular a 1 setae; subcylindrical female appendages with glandular a 1 and a 2 setae. Remarks The studied material (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allowed us to add taxonomic details revealed by SEM microscopy. Gouge sensilla abundant, as long as 28 µm, with thick transversal stripes with alternating rows of pores between them (Figs 196–197). Subequal claws with well-developed lateral crests (Figs 198–199). Lateral processes of pretarsus with S-shape, its ventral side covered with long, hooked barbs (Figs 200–201). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in nine caves throughout the coastal karst reliefs in the east of the Iberian Peninsula (Fig. 206).

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) pouadensis fouresi Condé, 1955 Plusiocampa pouadensis fouresi Condé, 1955a: 27. Differential diagnosis against the type form (Condé 1955a; Bareth & Condé 1996) Urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 2+2 la, 6+6 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 7+7 post macrosetae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies inhabiting two caves on the French side of the Eastern Pyrenees., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1955 a. Materiaux pour une monographie des Diploures Campodeides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, serie A, Zoologie 12: 1 - 202.","Bareth C. & Conde B. 1996. Le complexe de Plusiocampa pouadensis (Denis) dans les grottes de la region pyreneenne. Memoires de Biospeologie 23: 127 - 131."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) bonneti condei Sendra & Escolà, 2004 Figs 30–41 Plusiocampa bonneti condei Sendra & Escolà, 2004: 892. Plusiocampa pouadensis bonneti – Condé 1951: 61. Differential diagnosis against the type form (Sendra 1985; Sendra & Escolà 2004) Antennae with 30–43 antennomeres; eight to nine complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with slightly tubercular setae. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 2–2½ turns of 300–400 µm long and 7 µm diameter filament. Remarks (Figs 24–35) One male of P. (P.) bonneti bonneti from Cova Mora (San Juan de la Peña, Huesca, Spain) and six specimens of P. (P.) bonneti condei from Cova Toll (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) were used for SEM to remark on some features that are difficult to observe under the optical microscope. In P. (P.) bonneti bonneti, the first urosternite shows very long subtrapezoidal appendages with a large area of glandular a 2 setae and a large area of glandular g 1 setae, with the surface covered by barbed clothing setae and well-barbed macrosetae (Figs 24–27). In P. (P.) bonneti condei, the epicuticle varies from completely smooth to gently reticulate (Fig. 35); antennomeres with a whorl of gouge sensilla, 16–18 µm long (Figs 31, 33). Olfactory chemoreceptors with a central column unfolded in several layers with a reticulate surface covered by pores (Fig. 30). Protruding frontal process with slightly tubercular macrosetae and setae (Figs 32, 34). Claws with large lateral crest with ventral longitudinal grooves separated by reticulate surfaces (Figs 36–39). Stylar setae totally covered by short, thin barbs (Fig. 40). Large eversible vesicles (Fig. 41). Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies found in 35 caves in the Eastern Pyrenees and the northern part of the Catalan Mediterranean Mountain System.

Subgenus Plusiocampa s. str. Silvestri, 1912 Diagnosis (Silvestri 1912; Condé 1955a; Sendra & Weber 2018) Lateral crests on claws from small to large, with subequal to very unequal, elbow-like claws; one dorsal femoral; from one to four ventral tibial macrosetae; setifom and smooth (in several species with a few proximal barbs) pretarsal lateral processes. Sternite I with 6+6–9+9, sternites II–VII with 4+4–7+7 and sternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae (with the exception of P. (P.) dargilani). Cerci elongated, with long articles covered in long, thin macrosetae with thin barbs and thin, smooth clothing setae. Habitat and distribution Within humid soils and MSS, but with a preference for the deep subterranean spaces found in caves, including the deepest caves in the world. The 60 species and 9 subspecies of this subgenus are wellspread around the Euro-Mediterranean region, from Southern Europe, including a small karst area in North Africa (Kabylian Mountains, Tell Atlas), throughout south of Central to Southeastern Europe and also reaching some spots in the Anatolian and Crimean peninsulas and Western Caucasus (Fig. 211).