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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of imaging tests (prenatal ultrasound [US] and postnatal computed tomography [CT]) in comparison to histology for diagnosis of congenital lung malformations (CLMs)., Material and Methods: Retrospective study of patients with a prenatal diagnosis of CLM whose postnatal follow-up included thoracic CT scan and histological examination of the lesion. We collected data on demographic variables, gestational age at diagnosis, US findings and the history of multiple gestation. We used the kappa coefficient to determine the level of agreement between the findings of prenatal US and postnatal tests (CT and histology).We analysed paired data on the size of the lesion, its location and the presence or absence of systemic arterial vascularization., Results: The sample included 56 patients with 57 lesions. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 22.42 weeks (SD, 3.94) and 57% were male. Malformations most frequently involved the left lung and the lower lobes. The agreement between CT and histology in the detection of cystic lesions was moderate (κ = 0.55) but stronger compared to the agreement between US and histology (κ = 0.10). The agreement between CT and histology was substantial (κ = 0.66) in the detection of systemic vascularization of the lesion and stronger compared to the agreement between US and histology. Both imaging methods were highly accurate in the identification of the location of the pulmonary lesions., Conclusions: postnatal CT offers a substantial concordance with histological findings, especially in the detection of systemic vascularization, and an accurate prediction of the anatomy of the lesion., (Copyright © 2023 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Neonatal diseases differ depending on gestational age and weight. In the setting of an emergency in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), relevant clinical information is often not available when the first neonatal radiograph is obtained. When reading an initial chest-abdomen radiograph, the paediatric radiologist needs gestational age data for best radiologic practice. A transverse diameter of the chest has been previously described to estimate gestational age (GA)., Objectives: To determine the strength of the correlation between GA/weight and clavicular-pubis length (CPL) on admission radiographs; to obtain a quadratic formula based on the correlation of CPL with GA and to demonstrate if a more simplified formula used by our group works as efficiently as the formula provided by the regression analysis., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. The length from the medial aspect of the clavicle to the pubic bone was measured on the initial portable chest-abdomen radiographs of 260 patients admitted to the NICU in 2016. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between CPL and GA/birth weight., Results: One hundred eleven females and 149 males with GA between 23 and 42 weeks were evaluated. CPL was statistically associated with both GA (P<0,01) and birth weight. The estimation can be expressed with an equation of the model: GA (weeks) = (CPL in cm - 1.98)/0.42. A simplified formula: GA (weeks) = (CPL in cm) ×2+2, strongly correlates with the equation model., Conclusion: In patients in whom it is not known, GA can be estimated by measuring the length between medial clavicle and symphysis pubis using the formulae we propose., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To describe the physiopathological mechanisms in perinatal renal vein thrombosis and the associated risk factors, with emphasis on the clinical and radiological characteristics and on the long-term evolution., Material and Methods: We retrospectively studied a total of 11 cases of neonatal renal vein thrombosis; the mean age of patients at diagnosis was 3 days. We analyzed the type of presentation, the clinical manifestations, and the findings at B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, as well as the treatment undertaken and the long-term sequelae., Results: At the time of diagnosis, the triad of a palpable mass, unequivocal hematuria, and thrombocytopenia was present in only 63.63% of patients. A prothrombotic risk factor was identified in the newborn or mother in 45.45% of cases. At ultrasonographic examination, all newborns had enlarged kidneys and in all cases it was impossible to differentiate between the renal cortex and the renal medulla. In 4 of the 11 cases, hyperechogenic intramedullary linear images characteristic of the initial stage of thrombosis were identified. Functional follow-up studies using DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) and MAG-3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine acid) revealed morphological abnormalities in all patients; 7 patients had a nonfunctioning kidney., Conclusions: Visualizing echogenic bands within the medulla should alert radiologists to the initial phase of renal vein thrombosis and enable the appropriate treatment to be administered. With the exception of cases discovered before birth, renal vein thrombosis has a poor prognosis, with atrophy and renal failure in the long term.

There are few reports of the sonographic appearance of Meckel's diverticulum. We present a case of torsion of a Meckel's diverticulum that was suggested by sonography and confirmed pathologically. We discuss the sonographic differential diagnosis, which includes acute appendicitis, enteric duplication cyst and intestinal volvulus.