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1. Comparative Analysis of African Swine Fever Virus Genotypes and Serogroups

Author

Alexander Malogolovkin, Galina Burmakina, Ilya Titov, Alexey Sereda, Andrey Gogin, Elena Baryshnikova, and Denis Kolbasov

Subjects
African swine fever virus, genotypes, phylogenetic analysis, serogroups, hemadsorption inhibition assay, viruses, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes highly lethal hemorrhagic disease among pigs, and ASFV’s extreme antigenic diversity hinders vaccine development. We show that p72 ASFV phylogenetic analysis does not accurately define ASFV hemadsorption inhibition assay serogroups. Thus, conventional ASFV genotyping cannot discriminate between viruses of different virulence or predict efficacy of a specific ASFV vaccine.

Published
2015
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3. The Duration and Geodynamics of Formation of the Angara–Vitim Batholith: Results of U–Pb Isotope (LA-ICP-MS) Dating of Magmatic and Detrital Zircons

Author

Galina Burmakina and Valentin Khubanov

Subjects
Geophysics, Geology
Abstract

—We present results of U–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons from the alluvial deposits of the Angarakan River (North Muya Ridge, northern Baikal region), whose drainage basin is composed mainly of granitoids of the Barguzin Complex, typomorphic for the late Paleozoic Angara–Vitim batholith (AVB). Three age clusters with peaks at 728, 423, and 314 Ma have been identified in the studied population of detrital zircons. It is shown that small outliers of igneous and metamorphic rocks, probably similar to the large AVB roof pendants mapped beyond the drainage basin, are the source of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic zircons. The late Paleozoic cluster comprises two close peaks at 314 and 28 Ma, which totally “overlap” with the time of the AVB formation and mark a granitoid source of the zircons. The results of detrital-zircon geochronology, together with the data on bedrocks, point to the prolonged (~40 Myr) formation of the AVB, but the intensity of magmatism during this period calls for additional study. Based on the analysis of published geological, geochemical, and geochronological data, we assume that the AVB resulted from the plume–lithosphere interaction that began in the compression setting and gave way to extension 305–300 Ma (the Carboniferous–Permian boundary), which caused replacement of “crustal” granitoids by granitoids formed from a mixed mantle–crustal source.

Published
2021
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5. Real-time analysis of the cytopathic effect of African swine fever virus

Author

Kirill Bliznetsov, Alexander Malogolovkin, and Galina Burmakina

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Time Factors, viruses, Cytological Techniques, 030106 microbiology, Cell index, Cell analysis, Biology, Virus Replication, African swine fever virus, Neutralization, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Virology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Real time analysis, Cytopathic effect, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, African Swine Fever Virus, 030104 developmental biology, Viral replication, COS Cells, biology.protein, Antibody
Abstract

Conventional methods, which quantitatively assess virus replication, are based on direct examination of viral cytopathic effect (CPE), which is time consuming, tedious and based on endpoint reading. The Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) xCELLigence® system offers an alternative approach to evaluate virus-induced CPE, and here was evaluated as a means to dynamically assess CPE caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). RTCA was used to identify optimum time for ASFV infection based on cell index (CI) and to evaluate ASFV CPE kinetics in COS-1 cells. Data indicated that the RTCA has tremendous potential to methodologically and quantitatively improve assays used to study efficiency of ASFV drug inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies.

Published
2018
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6. Virulent strain of African swine fever virus eclipses its attenuated derivative after challenge

Author

Denis Kolbasov, Alexander Malogolovkin, Sergey Morgunov, Ilya Titov, Yuriy Morgunov, Galina Burmakina, and Andrey Koltsov

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Swine, Virulence, Vaccines, Attenuated, African swine fever virus, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical microbiology, Immune system, Virology, medicine, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, African Swine Fever, Gene, Attenuated vaccine, biology, Strain (chemistry), Viral Vaccines, General Medicine, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, African Swine Fever Virus, 030104 developmental biology, Viral load
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide. No effective vaccine is currently available for disease prevention and control. Although live attenuated vaccines (LAV) have demonstrated great potential for immunizing against homologous strains of African swine fever virus (ASFV), adverse reactions from LAV remain a concern. Here, by using a homologous ASFV Congo strain system, we show passage-attenuated Congo LAV to induce an efficient protective immune response against challenge with the virulent parental Congo strain. Notably, only the parental challenge Congo strain was identified in blood and organs of recovered pigs through B602L gene PCR, long-range PCR, nucleotide sequencing and virus isolation. Thus, despite the great protective potential of homologous attenuated ASFV strain, the challenge Congo strain can persist for weeks in recovered pigs and a recrudescence of virulent virus at late time post-challenge may occur.

Published
2017
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7. Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses

Author

Stéphane Marchandeau, Sara Marques, Ana M. Lopes, John Kovaliski, Beata Hukowska-Szematowicz, Aleksija Neimanis, Greg Mutze, Pedro J. Esteves, Francisco Parra, Paula G. Ferreira, Carlos Rouco, John-Sebastian Eden, Dolores Gavier-Widén, Sacramento Moreno, Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet, Fernando Alda, Tanja Strive, Peter J. Kerr, Fang Wang, Stéphane Bertagnoli, Juan Bárcena, David Peacock, Brian Cooke, Miguel Delibes Mateos, Alves Paulo Célio, Joana Abrantes, Ghislaine Le Gall-Reculé, Galina Burmakina, Tereza Almeida, Eliane Silva, Jacques Le Pendu, Gertrudes Thompson, Aarón Martin-Alonso, Diogo Silvério, Raquel M. Marques, Jackie E. Mahar, Pedro Monterroso, Esther Blanco, Kevin P. Dalton, Beata Tokarz-Deptuła, Catarina Ferreira, David Gonçalves, Wiesław Deptuła, Mara Rocchi, Patrizia Cavadini, Robin Hall, Alexander Malogolovkin, Pilar Foronda, Jean Sébastien Guitton, Paulina Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej, Antonio Lavazza, Carlos Calvete, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Région des Pays de la Loire, European Commission, Ministero della Salute, Swedish Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Centre de recherche de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie / Nantes - Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA) - Université de Nantes (UN) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes (IRS-UN) - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes [CHU Nantes], Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Universidade do Porto [Porto], ENVT, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Department of Studies and Research, National Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Unité de virologie, Immunologie, Parasitologie, Aviaires et Cunicoles, Université européenne de Bretagne (UEB) - Anses - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail, Faculty of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, Louisiana State University [Baton Rouge], Departamento de Biologia [Porto, Portugal], Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology, Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Proteomic and Virology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Invasive Animals CRC and Institute of Applied Ecology, Room 3C44, University of Canberra, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Department of Microbiology [Szczecin, Poland], University of Szczecin - Faculty of Biology [Poland], Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney [Sydney], Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University Institute of Tropical Diseases 65 and Public Health of the Canary Islands., Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (Sweden) (SVA), Health and Biosecurity [Canberra, ACT, Australia] (CSIRO), University of Szczecin, Primary Industries and Regions SA [Adelaide, SA, Australia], Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre [Bruce, ACT, Australia], Department of Anatomy [Porto, Portugal] (Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute - University of Porto, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO-UP), Universidade do Porto [Porto] - CESPU, Dpt. Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Toxicology, Forensic Medicine and Parasitology., Universidad de La Laguna - ULL [Canary Islands, Spain], Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation Department [Seville, Spain], Doñana biological station - CSIC (SPAIN), Department of Immunology [Szczecin, Poland], Moredun Research Institute [Midlothian, UK], Pentlands Science Park, Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade do Porto [Porto] - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde [Gandra, Portugal], Cespu-cooperativa De Ensino Superior Politécnico Universitário Crl (CESPU), This work was supported in part by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), CALILAGO and by a grant from the Région des Pays de la Loire (France) ARMINA to JLP. It was performed within the framework of the ECALEP project selected during the 2nd joint call of the Animal Health and Welfare ERA-Net (Anihwa) initiative, a Coordination Action funded under the European Commission’s ERA-Net scheme within the Seventh Framework Programme (Contract No. 291815). The ECALEP project is funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), the Ministry of Health, Dept. for Veterinary Public Health, Nutrition & Food Safety (Italy) and the Research council FORMAS (Sweden). FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal, supported the FCT Investigator grant of JA (ref. IF/01396/2013) and the Post-doc grant of AML (SFRH/BPD/115211/2016)., ANR-12-ISV7-0003, CALILAGO, Evaluation de la virulence du RHDV et mécanismes de résistance de l'hôte(2012), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Universidade do Porto, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), ONCFS, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Swedish Defence Research Agency [Stockholm] (FOI), Louisiana State University (LSU), Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Sevilla, The University of Sydney, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, Trent university, Ontario, Canada, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Universidade do Porto-Universidade do Porto, National Veterinary Institute [Uppsala] (SVA), Universidade do Porto-CESPU, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Moredun Research Institute [Penicuik, UK] (MRI), Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), ANR-12-ISV7-0003,CALILAGO,Evaluation de la virulence du RHDV et mécanismes de résistance de l'hôte(2012), Bernardo, Elizabeth, Blanc International II - Evaluation de la virulence du RHDV et mécanismes de résistance de l'hôte - - CALILAGO2012 - ANR-12-ISV7-0003 - Blanc International II - VALID, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos [Vairao] (CIBIO), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-CESPU, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, RNA virus, Genotype, Brown hare, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Clasificación, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Phylogenetics, Terminology as Topic, Virology, Calicivirus, biology.domesticated_animal, Animals, Nomenclatura, Nomenclature, Phylogeny, Caliciviridae Infections, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Hares, Classification, biology.organism_classification, Caliciviridae, Virus, 3. Good health, Lagovirus, 030104 developmental biology, lagovirus, RNA, Viral, nomenclature, Rabbits, European rabbit
Abstract

Lagoviruses belong to the Caliciviridae family. They were first recognized as highly pathogenic viruses of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) that emerged in the 1970–1980s, namely, rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV), according to the host species from which they had been first detected. However, the diversity of lagoviruses has recently expanded to include new related viruses with varying pathogenicity, geographic distribution and host ranges. Together with the frequent recombination observed amongst circulating viruses, there is a clear need to establish precise guidelines for classifying and naming lagovirus strains. Therefore, here we propose a new nomenclature based on phylogenetic relationships. In this new nomenclature, a single species of lagovirus would be recognized and called Lagovirus europaeus. The species would be divided into two genogroups that correspond to RHDV- and EBHSV-related viruses, respectively. Genogroups could be subdivided into genotypes, which could themselves be subdivided into phylogenetically well-supported variants. Based on available sequences, pairwise distance cutoffs have been defined, but with the accumulation of new sequences these cutoffs may need to be revised. We propose that an international working group could coordinate the nomenclature of lagoviruses and any proposals for revision., This work was supported in part by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Calilago and by a grant from the Région des Pays de la Loire (France) Armina to JLP. It was performed within the framework of the ECALEP project selected during the 2nd joint call of the Animal Health and Welfare ERA-Net (Anihwa) initiative, a Coordination Action funded under the European Commission’s ERA-Net scheme within the Seventh Framework Programme (Contract No. 291815). The ECALEP project is funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), the Ministry of Health, Depa for Veterinary Public Health, Nutrition and Food Safety (Italy) and the Research council FORMAS (Sweden). FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal, supported the FCT Investigator grant of JA (ref. IF/01396/2013) and the Post-doc grant of AML (SFRH/BPD/115211/2016).

Published
2017
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8. African swine fever virus serotype-specific proteins are significant protective antigens for African swine fever

Author

Laszlo Zsak, Yu. P. Morgunov, Edan R. Tulman, G. Delhon, Gerald F. Kutish, Alexander Malogolovkin, Galina Burmakina, N. M. Shobogorov, S. Yu. Morgunov, Diego G. Diel, Denis Kolbasov, and Daniel L. Rock

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Serotype, Swine, Disease, Antibodies, Viral, Serogroup, African swine fever virus, Serology, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, C-type lectin, Virology, Animals, Lectins, C-Type, African Swine Fever, Antigens, Viral, Swine Diseases, biology, Vaccination, Viral Vaccines, biology.organism_classification, African Swine Fever Virus, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Antibody
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. No ASF vaccine is available and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of ASFV strain diversity and the viral antigens conferring type-specific protective immunity in pigs. Available data from vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs indicate that ASF protective immunity may be haemadsorption inhibition (HAI) serotype-specific. Recently, we have shown that two ASFV proteins, CD2v (EP402R) and C-type lectin (EP153R), are necessary and sufficient for mediating HAI serological specificity (Malogolovkin et al., 2015).. Here, using ASFV inter-serotypic chimeric viruses and vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs, we demonstrate that serotype-specific CD2v and/or C-type lectin proteins are important for protection against homologous ASFV infection. Thus, these viral proteins represent significant protective antigens for ASFV that should be targeted in future vaccine design and development. Additionally, these data support the concept of HAI serotype-specific protective immunity.

Published
2016
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9. Identification of T-cell epitopes in African swine fever virus CD2v and C-type lectin proteins

Author

Weidong Xu, Alexander Malogolovkin, G. Delhon, Daniel L. Rock, Denis Kolbasov, Edan R. Tulman, and Galina Burmakina

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay, Swine, ELISPOT, 030106 microbiology, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte, Context (language use), Biology, biology.organism_classification, African Swine Fever Virus, Virology, African swine fever virus, Epitope, Virus, Interferon-gamma, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Immune system, Antigen, C-type lectin, Animals, Lectins, C-Type, Epitope Mapping
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. No ASF vaccine is available, and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of ASF virus (ASFV) strain diversity and the viral antigens conferring type-specific protective immunity in pigs. Previously, we demonstrated that ASFV serotype-specific proteins CD2v (EP402R) and/or C-type lectin (EP153R) are important for protection against homologous ASF infection. Here, we identified six discrete T-cell epitope regions present on CD2v and C-type lectin using IFN-γ ELISpot assay and PBMCs from ASF immune animals, indicating cellular reactivity to these proteins in the context of ASFV infection and protective immunity. Notably, three of the epitope regions map to previously described serotype-specific signature regions of these proteins. Improved understanding of ASFV protective antigens, relevant epitopes and their diversity in nature will facilitate ASFV subunit vaccine design and development.

Published
2019

11. African swine fever virus CD2v and C-type lectin gene loci mediate serological specificity

Author

Diego G. Diel, Daniel L. Rock, Galina Burmakina, Gerald F. Kutish, Alexander Malogolovkin, Edan R. Tulman, G. Delhon, Denis Kolbasov, and N.I. Salnikov

Subjects
Serotype, Genotype, Swine, Virulence, Viral Vaccines, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Virology, African swine fever virus, African Swine Fever Virus, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Vaccination, Viral Proteins, C-type lectin, Immunity, Genetic Loci, DNA, Viral, Animals, Lectins, C-Type, Genotyping, Antigens, Viral, HLA-DR Serological Subtypes
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. No ASF vaccine is available and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of ASF virus (ASFV) strain diversity and the viral antigens responsible for protection in the pig. Available data from vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs indicate ASF protective immunity is haemadsorption inhibition (HAI) serotype-specific. A better understanding of ASFV HAI serological groups and their diversity in nature, as well as improved methods to serotype ASFV isolates, is needed. Here, we demonstrated that the genetic locus encoding ASFV CD2v and C-type lectin proteins mediates HAI serological specificity and that CD2v/C-type lectin genotyping provides a simple method to group ASFVs by serotype, thus facilitating study of ASFV strain diversity in nature, and providing information necessary for eventual vaccine design, development and efficacious use.

Published
2014

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