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Maternal diabetes is associated with pregnancy complications and increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Short-term complications include macrosomia, large for gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal intensive care unit admission, fetal growth restriction, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, preeclampsia, operative delivery, while in the long term both mothers and their infants have an increased risk of metabolic diseases. The results of the conducted scientific study confirm that type 2 diabetes and obesity are closely associated with pregnancy complications: early and late threatened miscarriage, cervical insufficiency, hyperemesis gravidarum, anemia, chronic and gestational hypertension, moderate and severe preeclampsia, premature detachment of a normally located placenta, placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation syndrome, pathological and insufficient weight gain, diabetic fetopathy of the fetus in the form of macrosomia, double contour of the fetal head/trunk, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pyelectasis of the fetal kidneys, congenital malformations of the fetus, intrauterine fetal death, prenatal rupture of membranes, clinically narrow pelvis, operative delivery, premature birth and, as a result, a low assessment of the newborn on the Apgar scale at 1 and 5 minutes.

Insulinoma is one of the most common neuroendocrine tumors. As a result of endogenous organic hyperinsulinism, a hypoglycemic symptom complex develops, characterized by an attack of hunger, sweating, trembling, severe weakness and headache. To diagnose insulinoma and provide timely medical care during an attack of hypoglycemia, it is necessary to quickly and accurately measure blood glucose, not only in the laboratory, but also at home, which can be done using a glucometer. One of the most important aspects of measuring blood glucose, especially when severe hypoglycemia occurs, is the accuracy of the meter. Monitoring blood glucose during symptoms of hypoglycemia is possible with the help of an accurate, simple and convenient means of determining blood glucose, one of which is the Contour Plus One glucometer. Thanks to the improvement of technologies used in the Contour Plus One glucometer, the accuracy of blood glucose measurements increases, the procedure for glycemic control is simplified, which speeds up the provision of necessary medical care for hypoglycemia in patients with insulinoma. Accurate and rapid glucose control is necessary not only for diagnosing insulinoma, but also for self-monitoring of glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to glycemic control, imaging studies that include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasound, and molecular imaging methods are used to clarify the diagnosis of insulinoma. The radical treatment method is surgery, namely enucleation of the tumor or resection of part of the pancreas. In the vast majority of cases, surgery provides a complete cure. Conservative treatment tactics are considered when severe comorbidities and the patient's overall health status significantly exceed the risk of surgical intervention. The presented clinical observation demonstrates the classic clinical manifestations of insulinoma, the main laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods: measuring blood glucose, including at home, using an accurate, simple and convenient glucometer Contour Plus One, fasting test, MRI, contrast-enhanced CT and immunohistochemical study. This clinical case of insulinoma is recommended for study by doctors of various specialties, primarily endocrinologists, oncologists and therapists.

In recent years, increasing attention of researchers has been attracted to the study of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) – neoplastic syndromes affecting two or more endocrine glands. The source of tumors are tissues with embryologically common neuroectodermal origin, related to the APUD system. MEN 2A (Sipple syndrome) includes medullary thyroid carcinoma (97%), hyperparathyroidism (50%) and pheochromocytoma (30%). Descriptions of observations of Sipple syndrome are found quite often in both domestic and foreign literature. However, when analyzing a large number of observations of MEN 2 A, it was found that pheochromocytoma is diagnosed primarily in only 10% of patients, in 50% during examination for medullary cancer, and in 40% in late stages of neoplasia. The presented clinical case of MEN 2A is recommended for study by doctors of various specialties, primarily endocrinologists, therapists and cardiologists.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder characterized by hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy that does not meet the criteria of manifest diabetes mellitus (DM). The GDM decompensation can be a common cause of perinatal mortality. GDM is associated with higher rates of preeclampsia and eclampsia, which require emergency caesarean section [1]. Contemporary approach to GDM management includes the need for mandatory self-monitoring of blood glucose. The target blood glucose range cannot be achieved without self-monitoring of blood glucose done by the pregnant woman at home. Glycemic control during pregnancy should be accurate, simple and user-friendly, allowing the pregnant woman to adjust insulin therapy for GDM by herself. Choosing a blood glucose meter is one of the major aspects of blood glucose self-monitoring. From the physician's perspective, compliance with accuracy standards is the most important criterion for blood glucose meter selection, while from the patient’s perspective, the most important criteria are user friendliness, and simplicity of use. Blood glucose level measurement accuracy is improved, and self-monitoring of blood glucose becomes easier due to technical improvements, which results in improved adherence to treatment and higher therapy efficacy. Achieving and maintaining glycemic targets are impossible without active and meaningful participation of the patient with GDM, as well as without self-monitoring of blood glucose with precise and user-friendly blood glucose meter, such as Contour Plus One.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (dm) is a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and the development and progression of severe microvascular complications. The results of the AdVAnce, Accord and VAdT large-scale research studies have definitely proved that glycemic control plays a role in prevention of the dm microvascular complications. A number of studies have shown that glycemic variability parameters play a separate role in prediction of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular complications. Adolescents with type 1 dm are characterized by the labile disease course and the tendency to develop hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. modern approach to type 1 dm management, especially in adolescents, includes the need for mandatory self-monitoring of blood glucose (BG). Adolescents with type 1 dm are unable to achieve target glucose levels themselves at home without BG monitoring. Glycemic control in type 1 dm should be accurate, simple and convenient, allowing patients to adjust insulin therapy for dm on their own. Selection of BG monitor is one of the main aspects of self-monitoring of BG. From the doctor's point of view, compliance with accuracy standards is the most important criterion for choosing the glucose meter, while from the patient’s perspective it is convenience and ease of use. With improvements in technology, the accuracy of BG measurement increases, the self-monitoring of BG procedure gets simpler, which results in higher adherence to treatment and treatment efficacy. It is impossible to achieve and maintain target BG levels without active full-fledged participation of patient with type 1 dm, self-monitoring of BG using the advanced, accurate and convenient for patient glucose meter, such as contour Plus one.

The features of development, characteristic clinical symptoms, laboratory, instrumental methods of examination and the basic principles of therapy of pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (DM) are determined. Correlations in the development and course of the disease were revealed. It has been proven that pancreatogenic diabetes occurs significantly more often in men, more than half of whom abuse alcohol and smoke, while after surgery for pancreatic necrosis, patients with pancreatogenic diabetes statistically significantly begin to drink less alcohol. According to a scientific study, the duration of pancreatogenic DM is closely interrelated with the duration of chronic pancreatitis. The low level of C-peptide confirms an early decrease in insulin secretion and, accordingly, the need for insulin therapy. Irregular intake of enzymes significantly contributes to exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis, worsens the course of diabetes and leads to the development of diabetic complications. It was noted that with the duration of pancreatogenic diabetes, the risk of hypoglycemia increases statistically significantly, which certainly requires regular blood glucose testing. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with DM should be carried out with the help of modern, accurate and easy-to-use portable glucose meters, one of which is the Contour Plus Uan.

In recent decades, type 2 diabetes is increasingly recorded in young people, adolescents and children. The most significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes in young patients are family history of the disease, overweight and obesity, and the presence of insulin resistance. The main diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus in young patients, in addition to the traditional ones (hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin), are a high level of C-peptide and insulin resistance in the absence of antibodies to ICA, insulin, GAD. In connection with the projected increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes at a young age, it is necessary to pay attention to the implementation of preventive measures and timely clinical examination among groups of children and adolescents with the presence of abdominal obesity, burdened with a family history of obesity and type 2 diabetes, in order to prevent or delay the early development of disorders carbohydrate metabolism among this group at an earlier age. Given the predominance of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in young people, it is necessary to give priority to drugs from the metformin group when prescribing treatment. Thus, the global growth of type 2 diabetes, the tendency to "rejuvenate" diabetes, insufficient information on the prevalence, risk factors and clinical manifestations of the disease at a young age emphasize the urgency of studying this problem.