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Međunarodne sankcije predstavljaju mehanizam preko kojeg se ostvaruju ciljevi jedne od najvažnijih politika Europske unije, Zajedničke vanjske i sigurnosne politike Unije. Pojavni oblici međunarodnih sankcija uključuju diplomatske, gospodarske i vojne sankcije čijom se primjenom želi spriječiti nepoželjno ponašanje država, ali i pojedinaca. Primjena međunarodnih sankcija te analiza posljedica će biti prikazana na primjerima Rusije, Irana i Libije. Kršenje sankcija od strane zemalja članica Europske unije će se smatrati kaznenim djelom kako bi se spriječilo stavljanje interesa jedne države ispred interesa cjelokupne zajednice.

U ovom završnom radu analizirat ću jedan vrlo zanimljiv, ali isto tako kompleksan institut hrvatskog upravnog prava, institut izvlaštenja. Osvrnut ću se na povijest instituta, definirat ću predmet izvlaštenja, vrste izvlaštenja, korisnika izvlaštenja, priložit ću primjer zaključka u predmetu potpunog izvlaštenja dijela nekretnine iz stvarnog života, a na samom kraju rada ću u zaključku iznijeti svoje mišljenje i osobne stavove. Glavni fokus rada je zapravo na tome što se izvlaštenjem zadire u pravo pojedinca koje je dvostruko zaštićeno, pravo vlasništva, zajamčeno Ustavom Republike Hrvatske i zakonom. U Republici Hrvatskoj pojam izvlaštenja nije ništa posebno novo u pravnoj praksi, pa ni u teoriji, a danas je uređeno Zakonom o izvlaštenju i određivanju naknade., In this paper I will analyze a very interesting, but complex institute of Croatian administrative law, the institute of expropriation. I will refer to the history of the institute, I will define the subject of expropriation, types of expropriation, beneficiaries of expropriation, I will attach an example of a conclusion in the case of complete expropriation of a part of real estate from real life and in the conclusion of the paper I will present my opinion and personal views. The main focus of the paper is actually on the fact that expropriation encroaches on an individual's right which is doubly protected, the right to property, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the law. In the Republic of Croatia, the concept of expropriation is nothing particularly new in legal practice, not even in theory, and today it is regulated by the Law on Expropriation and Determination of Compensation.

U radu je prikazan glavni i izvedbeni projekt stambenog objekta kuća Zorica u Vinišću. Građevina je izvedena u armiranom betonu monolitnom izvedbom s armirano-betonskim temeljima, zidovima, stupovima i gredama te armirano-betonskim pločama kao međukatnim konstrukcijama. Projekt sadrži: tehnički opis konstrukcije, proračun nosivih konstrukcija elemenata, karakteristične građevinske nacrte te armaturne planove., Main design and implementation construction project of residential building house Zorica in Vinišće is presented in this work. The building is made of reinforced concrete in solid construction with reinforced concrete foundations, walls, columns, beams and reinforced concrete plates as floor slabs. The project contains: technical description of the construction, calculation of load-bearing structural elements, characteristic building plans and reinforcement plans.

U radu je prikazan glavni i izvedbeni projekt stambenog objekta kuća Zorica u Vinišću. Građevina je izvedena u armiranom betonu monolitnom izvedbom s armirano-betonskim temeljima, zidovima, stupovima i gredama te armirano-betonskim pločama kao međukatnim konstrukcijama. Projekt sadrži: tehnički opis konstrukcije, proračun nosivih konstrukcija elemenata, karakteristične građevinske nacrte te armaturne planove. Main design and implementation construction project of residential building house Zorica in Vinišće is presented in this work. The building is made of reinforced concrete in solid construction with reinforced concrete foundations, walls, columns, beams and reinforced concrete plates as floor slabs. The project contains: technical description of the construction, calculation of load-bearing structural elements, characteristic building plans and reinforcement plans.

U radu je prikazan statički proračun manje obiteljske kuće. Građevina se sastoji od dvije etaže, prizemlja i potkrovlja sa kosim krovom. Izvedba građevine je zidana sa armirano betonskom međukatnom monolitnom pločom i fert gredicama kao konstrukcija krova. Projekt sadrži: tehnički opis konstrukcije, opće i posebne tehničke uvjete, plan kontrole i osiguranja kvalitete, proračun nosivih konstrukcijskih elemenata i karakteristične građevinske nacrte i armaturne planove., The static design of small family house is presented in this work. The building consist of two stories: ground floor and attic with slated roof. The structural of house is masonry walls with reinforced concrete slab between stories and fert structure as roof structure. The work include tehnical description of the structure, general and particular conditions of civil engineering works, control plan and quality assurance plan, calcuation of the main structural elements as well as characteristic structural plans and reinforcement plans.

The aim of the research was to analyse the value of dental identification in the railway accident on the 30th August 1974 in Zagreb, as well as in the crash of a British and a Slovenian plane near Vrbovec on the 10th September 1976. In both cases, an odontologist has participated in the identification process. In the railway accident, 108 victims were identified and in 5, 56% of the cases teeth characteristics along with other characteristics - clothes, personal description, personal documents, fingerprints and jewellery - proved to be decisive. Out of the victims from the plane crash, all 63 passengers and crewmembers from the British plane were identified, of which in 38, 1% of the cases teeth characteristics (along with other characteristics) were decisive. From the Slovenian plane in which the passengers were mainly of German nationality, 103 victims were identified of which 29, 12% due to the teeth characteristics (along with other characteristics). It is assumed that 10 bodies remained unidentified. In the railway accident - on the contrary - the number of identified bodies on the basis of teeth was modest. The reason for that were modest antemortem data provided by friends and relatives as well as the rural origin of the victims which was characterized by the modest number of dental restorations. Significant number of dental identifications in the plane crash can be explained by the precise antemortem data provided by the odontologists. The bodies of the victims from the Slovenian plane were carbonized which resulted with the fact that in the 13, 59% of the cases the identification was achieved exclusively by teeth. The importance of dental identification at mass disasters has been proved because the teeth remain preserved in any physical conditions and in terms of evidence they have the value of fingerprints. It is also important to highlight the importance of filling out the teeth status in the dental charts because dental identification is only possible if precise antemortem data are available. References: 1) Clark DH. Int Dent J 1994 ; 44:241. 2) Brkić H et al. Acta Stomatol Croat 1998 ; 32:409. 3) Galić J et al. Acta Stomatol Croat 1995 ; 29:197. 4)Dješka S. Magistarski rad 1978.

Taurodontism (T) is defined as an apical extension of the pulp chamber which results in shortened root. The aims of this study were to evaluate four methods for estimating T and to determine its concordance. The number of 221 lower molars were traced from the orthopantomograms of 87 males 24-31 yr of age. Seven variables were measured on the tracings: Variable 1) lowest point of the roof - highest point of the floor of the pulp chamber, 2) lowest point of the roof of the pulp chamber - apex of the longest root, 3) baseline connecting the two cementoenamel junctions (neck) - highest point of the floor of the pulp chamber, 4) neck - deepest pit of the occlusal surface, 5) neck - root bifurcation, 6) root bifurcation - deepest pit of the occlusal surface, 7) root bifurcation - apex of the longest root. Each tooth was assessed twice by the same author (J. G.) within 2-4 days. T was estimated according to the methods proposed by Shifman (1), Tulensalo (2), Jorgenson (3) and Seow (4). The value of Variable 3 proposed by Shifman was adjusted for magnification on the orthopantomograms while the index proposed by Seow was adjusted for the second and third molars. Intraexaminer reliability in reproducing the same classification was, on average, 96, 84%, the highest for the Shifman's method (99, 10%) and the lowest for the Seow's method (94, 57%). Table 1 shows frequencies of taurodontism found and methods used. The concordance in diagnosing T was the highest for Shifman's and Jorgenson's method (94, 1%) and the lowest for Tulensalo's and Seow's method (83, 8%). According to Shifman's criterion only two molars were classified as taurodontic and those were the only teeth that were classified the same by all four methods. Thus, the method for estimating T described by Shifman proved to be the most reliable for use in later epidemiologic investigations. References:1. Shifman A et al., Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1978 ; 26: 200. 2. Tulensalo T et al, Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989 ; 17: 258. 3. Jorgenson RJ et al, J Cran Genet Dev Biol 1982 ; 2: 125. 4. Seow WK et al, Pediatric dentistry 1989 ; 11(3): 214.

Određivanje dentalne starosti koristi se pri kliničkim pregledima živih i mrtvih ljudskih tijela. U forenzičkim slučajevima određivanje dentalne starosti isključivo se koristi kod dentalne identifikacije kada je potrebno odrediti i približnu starost ljudskog tijela. Ona se postiže analizirajući kronologiju rasta i razvoja te zaživotnim promjenama na zubima. U ovom radu prikazan je slučaj određivanja dentalne starosti na lubanji djeteta pronađenoj u okolici Bjelovara. Zubi su rendgenski snimljeni te snimke analizirane prema poznatoj metodologiji.

U radu autori određuju dob neidentificirana djeteta na osnovi statusa zubala postignuta kliničkim postmortalim pregledom. Dob je određena raščlambom prvih i drugih donjih trajnih kutnjaka, zatim prema količini mineralizirane zubne cakline, veličini kvržica griznih ploha te dužini korjenova. Kako bi identificirali djeteteovu dob s pomoću zubala, jer su ostali dijelovi skeleta bili nedostatni, autori su se služili kliničkim pregledom, fotografijom, rendgenskom tehnikom snimanja te dentalnim antropološkim metodama.Podacima dobivenim istraživanjem utvrđeno je da je djete u trenutku smrti imalo 6 godina (+/-1 godina).