Search

Your search keyword '"Galbraith, David R."' showing total 118 results
Start Over Author "Galbraith, David R."
118 results on '"Galbraith, David R."'

2. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Author

Tavares, Julia Valentim, Oliveira, Rafael S., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Signori-Müller, Caroline, Pereira, Luciano, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Gilpin, Martin, Marca Zevallos, Manuel J., Salas Yupayccana, Carlos A., Acosta, Martin, Pérez Mullisaca, Flor M., Barros, Fernanda de V., Bittencourt, Paulo, Jancoski, Halina, Scalon, Marina Corrêa, Marimon, Beatriz S., Oliveras Menor, Imma, Marimon, Jr, Ben Hur, Fancourt, Max, Chambers-Ostler, Alexander, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Rowland, Lucy, Meir, Patrick, Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. B., Tintaya, Jose S., Chino, Rudi S. C., Baca, Jean, Fernandes, Leticia, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Santos, João Antônio R., Teixeira, Renata, Tello, Ligia, Ugarteche, Maira T. M., Cuellar, Gina A., Martinez, Franklin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Almeida, Everton, da Cruz, Wesley Jonatar Alves, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Aragāo, Luís, Baker, Timothy R., de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Brienen, Roel, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Cosio, Eric G., Davila Cardozo, Nallaret, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, Disney, Mathias, Espejo, Javier Silva, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Giacomin, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Hirota, Marina, Honorio, Euridice, Huaraca Huasco, Walter, Lewis, Simon, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Malhi, Yadvinder, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Morandi, Paulo, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Muscarella, Robert, Penha, Deliane, Rocha, Mayda Cecília, Rodrigues, Gleicy, Ruschel, Ademir R., Salinas, Norma, Schlickmann, Monique, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vásquez, Rodolfo, Vedovato, Laura, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Phillips, Oliver L., Gloor, Emanuel, and Galbraith, David R.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author

Draper, Frederick C., Costa, Flavia R. C., Arellano, Gabriel, Phillips, Oliver L., Duque, Alvaro, Macía, Manuel J., ter Steege, Hans, Asner, Gregory P., Berenguer, Erika, Schietti, Juliana, Socolar, Jacob B., de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, Dexter, Kyle G., Jørgensen, Peter M., Tello, J. Sebastian, Magnusson, William E., Baker, Timothy R., Castilho, Carolina V., Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Fine, Paul V. A., Ruokolainen, Kalle, Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio, Aymard, Gerardo, Dávila, Nállarett, Sáenz, Mauricio Sánchez, Paredes, Marcos A. Rios, Engel, Julien, Fortunel, Claire, Paine, C. E. Timothy, Goret, Jean-Yves, Dourdain, Aurelie, Petronelli, Pascal, Allie, Elodie, Andino, Juan E. Guevara, Brienen, Roel J. W., Pérez, Leslie Cayola, Manzatto, Ângelo G., Zambrana, Narel Y. Paniagua, Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Chave, Jerôme, Fauset, Sophie, Villacorta, Roosevelt Garcia, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Berry, Paul E., Melgaço, Karina, Feldpausch, Ted R., Sandoval, Elvis Valderamma, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Mesones, Italo, Junqueira, André B., Roucoux, Katherine H., de Toledo, José J., Andrade, Ana C., Camargo, José Luís, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Santana, Flávia D., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan G., Lovejoy, Thomas E., Comiskey, James A., Galbraith, David R., Kalamandeen, Michelle, Aguilar, Gilberto E. Navarro, Arenas, Jim Vega, Guerra, Carlos A. Amasifuen, Flores, Manuel, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Montenegro, Luis A. Torres, Gomez, Ricardo Zarate, Pansonato, Marcelo P., Moscoso, Victor Chama, Vleminckx, Jason, Barrantes, Oscar J. Valverde, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., de Sousa, Sidney Araújo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Perdiz, Ricardo O., Cravo, Jessica Soares, Marimon, Beatriz S., Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Damasco, Gabriel, Disney, Mathias, Vital, Marcos Salgado, Diaz, Pablo R. Stevenson, Vicentini, Alberto, Nascimento, Henrique, Higuchi, Niro, Van Andel, Tinde, Malhi, Yadvinder, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Terborgh, John W., Thomas, Raquel S., Dallmeier, Francisco, Prieto, Adriana, Hilário, Renato R., Salomão, Rafael P., Silva, Richarlly da Costa, Casas, Luisa F., Vieira, Ima C. Guimarães, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arevalo, Fredy Ramirez, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Peñuela, Maria C., Killeen, Timothy J., Pardo, Guido, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Castro, Wenderson, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Pipoly, John, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Silvera, Marcos, Vos, Vincent, Neill, David, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Vela, Dilys M., Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Umetsu, Ricardo Keichi, Sierra, Rodrigo, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Prestes, Nayane C. C. S., Massi, Klécia G., Huaymacari, José Reyna, Gutierrez, Germaine A. Parada, Aldana, Ana M., Alexiades, Miguel N., Baccaro, Fabrício, Céron, Carlos, Muelbert, Adriane Esquivel, Rios, Julio M. Grandez, Lima, Antonio S., Lloyd, Jonathan L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Oroche, Cesar J. Cordova, Fuentes, Alfredo F., Palacios, Walter, Patiño, Sandra, Torres-Lezama, Armando, and Baraloto, Christopher

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Threshold Responses to Soil Moisture Deficit by Trees and Soil in Tropical Rain Forests: Insights from Field Experiments

Author

Meir, Patrick, Wood, Tana E, Galbraith, David R, Brando, Paulo M, Da Costa, Antonio CL, Rowland, Lucy, and Ferreira, Leandro V

Subjects
drought, tropical rain forest, tree mortality, physiology, soil respiration, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Many tropical rain forest regions are at risk of increased future drought. The net effects of drought on forest ecosystem functioning will be substantial if important ecological thresholds are passed. However, understanding and predicting these effects is challenging using observational studies alone. Field-based rainfall exclusion (canopy throughfall exclusion; TFE) experiments can offer mechanistic insight into the response to extended or severe drought and can be used to help improve model-based simulations, which are currently inadequate. Only eight TFE experiments have been reported for tropical rain forests. We examine them, synthesizing key results and focusing on two processes that have shown threshold behavior in response to drought: (1) tree mortality and (2) the efflux of carbon dioxdie from soil, soil respiration. We show that: (a) where tested using large-scale field experiments, tropical rain forest tree mortality is resistant to long-term soil moisture deficit up to a threshold of 50% of the water that is extractable by vegetation from the soil, but high mortality occurs beyond this value, with evidence from one site of increased autotrophic respiration, and (b) soil respiration reaches its peak value in response to soil moisture at significantly higher soil moisture content for clay-rich soils than for clay-poor soils. This first synthesis of tropical TFE experiments offers the hypothesis that low soil moisture-related thresholds for key stress responses in soil and vegetation may prove to be widely applicable across tropical rain forests despite the diversity of these forests.

Published
2015

6. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Pennington, R. Toby, Neves, Danilo, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Átila, Amaral, Ieda, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luis E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Arroyo, Luzmilla, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Bánki, Olaf, Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Boot, Rene G. A., Brienen, Roel J. W., Brown, Foster, Camargo, José Luís C., Castro, Wendeson, Chave, Jerome, Cogollo, Alvaro, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo-Valverde, Fernando, da Costa, Antonio Lola, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Feldpausch, Ted R., Galbraith, David R., Gloor, Emanuel, Goodman, Rosa C., Gilpin, Martin, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Mendoza, Casimiro, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Peñuela Mora, Maria C., Pickavance, Georgia C., Pipoly, III, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poorter, Lourens, Prieto, Adriana, Ramirez, Freddy, Roopsind, Anand, Rudas, Agustin, Salomão, Rafael P., Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, Umetsu, Ricardo K., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Célia-Vieira, Ima, Vieira, Simone A., Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Gonzalez, Gabriela Lopez, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Aymard C., Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Coronado, Eurŕdice N. Honorio, Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., RamirezAngulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, ThomasCaesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M. F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Published
2016

9. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Author

Tavares, Julia, Oliveira, Rafael S., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Signori-Mueller, Caroline, Pereira, Luciano, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Gilpin, Martin, Zevallos, Manuel Marca J., Yupayccana, Carlos Salas A., Acosta, Martin, Mullisaca, Flor Perez, Barros, Fernanda de V., Bittencourt, Paulo, Jancoski, Halina, Scalon, Marina Correa, Marimon, Beatriz S., Menor, Imma Oliveras, Marimon Jr, Ben Hur, Fancourt, Max, Chambers-Ostler, Alexander, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Rowland, Lucy, Meir, Patrick, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. B., Tintaya, Jose S., Chino, Rudi S. C., Baca, Jean, Fernandes, Leticia, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Santos, Joao Antonio R., Teixeira, Renata, Tello, Ligia, Ugarteche, Maira T. M., Cuellar, Gina A., Martinez, Franklin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Almeida, Everton, da Cruz, Wesley Jonatar Alves, Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila, Aragao, Luis, Baker, Timothy R., de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Brienen, Roel, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, Cosio, Eric G., Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Silva, Richarlly da Costa, Disney, Mathias, Espejo, Javier Silva, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Giacomin, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Hirota, Marina, Honorio, Euridice, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Lewis, Simon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Morandi, Paulo, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Muscarella, Robert, Penha, Deliane, Rocha, Mayda Cecilia, Rodrigues, Gleicy, Ruschel, Ademir R., Salinas, Norma, Schlickmann, Monique, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vedovato, Laura, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Phillips, Oliver L., Gloor, Emanuel, Galbraith, David R., Tavares, Julia, Oliveira, Rafael S., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Signori-Mueller, Caroline, Pereira, Luciano, Diniz, Francisco Carvalho, Gilpin, Martin, Zevallos, Manuel Marca J., Yupayccana, Carlos Salas A., Acosta, Martin, Mullisaca, Flor Perez, Barros, Fernanda de V., Bittencourt, Paulo, Jancoski, Halina, Scalon, Marina Correa, Marimon, Beatriz S., Menor, Imma Oliveras, Marimon Jr, Ben Hur, Fancourt, Max, Chambers-Ostler, Alexander, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Rowland, Lucy, Meir, Patrick, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Nina, Alex, Sanchez, Jesus M. B., Tintaya, Jose S., Chino, Rudi S. C., Baca, Jean, Fernandes, Leticia, Cumapa, Edwin R. M., Santos, Joao Antonio R., Teixeira, Renata, Tello, Ligia, Ugarteche, Maira T. M., Cuellar, Gina A., Martinez, Franklin, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Almeida, Everton, da Cruz, Wesley Jonatar Alves, Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila, Aragao, Luis, Baker, Timothy R., de Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Brienen, Roel, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, de Souza, Fernanda Coelho, Cosio, Eric G., Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Silva, Richarlly da Costa, Disney, Mathias, Espejo, Javier Silva, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Giacomin, Leandro, Higuchi, Niro, Hirota, Marina, Honorio, Euridice, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Lewis, Simon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Morandi, Paulo, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Muscarella, Robert, Penha, Deliane, Rocha, Mayda Cecilia, Rodrigues, Gleicy, Ruschel, Ademir R., Salinas, Norma, Schlickmann, Monique, Silveira, Marcos, Talbot, Joey, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vedovato, Laura, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Phillips, Oliver L., Gloor, Emanuel, and Galbraith, David R.

Abstract

Tropical forests face increasing climate risk(1,2), yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, ?(50)) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk(3-5), little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters ?(50) and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both ?(50) and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM(50 )forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon(6,7), with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Differences in leaf thermoregulation and water use strategies between three co-occurring Atlantic forest tree species

Author

Fauset, Sophie, Freitas, Helber C., Galbraith, David R., Sullivan, Martin J.P., Aidar, Marcos P.M., Joly, Carlos A., Phillips, Oliver L., Vieira, Simone A., and Gloor, Manuel U.

Subjects
montane, tropical forest, Euphorbiaceae, Temperature, Water, Original Articles, boundary layer, leaf temperature, energy balance, transpiration, Trees, leaf width, radiation, Plant Leaves, stomatal conductance, Melastomataceae, Original Article, functional traits, Energy Metabolism, Brazil, Nyctaginaceae, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract

In the first study of leaf energy balance in tropical montane forests, we observed current leaf temperature patterns in the Atlantic forest, Brazil, and assessed whether and why patterns may vary among species. We found large leaf‐to‐air temperature differences that were influenced strongly by radiation and differences in leaf temperature between 2 species due to variation in leaf width and stomatal conductance. We highlight the importance of leaf functional traits for leaf thermoregulation and also note that the high radiation levels that occur in montane forests may exacerbate the threat from increasing air temperatures., Given anticipated climate changes, it is crucial to understand controls on leaf temperatures including variation between species in diverse ecosystems. In the first study of leaf energy balance in tropical montane forests, we observed current leaf temperature patterns on 3 tree species in the Atlantic forest, Brazil, over a 10‐day period and assessed whether and why patterns may vary among species. We found large leaf‐to‐air temperature differences (maximum 18.3 °C) and high leaf temperatures (over 35 °C) despite much lower air temperatures (maximum 22 °C). Leaf‐to‐air temperature differences were influenced strongly by radiation, whereas leaf temperatures were also influenced by air temperature. Leaf energy balance modelling informed by our measurements showed that observed differences in leaf temperature between 2 species were due to variation in leaf width and stomatal conductance. The results suggest a trade‐off between water use and leaf thermoregulation; Miconia cabussu has more conservative water use compared with Alchornea triplinervia due to lower transpiration under high vapour pressure deficit, with the consequence of higher leaf temperatures under thermal stress conditions. We highlight the importance of leaf functional traits for leaf thermoregulation and also note that the high radiation levels that occur in montane forests may exacerbate the threat from increasing air temperatures.

Published
2018

16. Individual-Based Modeling of Amazon Forests Suggests That Climate Controls Productivity While Traits Control Demography

Author

Fauset, Sophie, primary, Gloor, Manuel, additional, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Asner, Gregory P., additional, Baker, Timothy R., additional, Patrick Bentley, Lisa, additional, Brienen, Roel J. W., additional, Christoffersen, Bradley O., additional, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, additional, Doughty, Christopher E., additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Goodman, Rosa C., additional, Girardin, Cécile A. J., additional, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., additional, Monteagudo, Abel, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Shenkin, Alexander, additional, Silva-Espejo, Javier E., additional, van der Heijden, Geertje, additional, Vasquez, Rodolfo, additional, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Barroso, Jorcely G., additional, Brown, Foster, additional, Castro, Wendeson, additional, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, additional, Davila Cardozo, Nallarett, additional, Di Fiore, Anthony, additional, Erwin, Terry, additional, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, additional, Núñez Vargas, Percy, additional, Neill, David, additional, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir, additional, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, additional, Peacock, Julie, additional, Pitman, Nigel, additional, Prieto, Adriana, additional, Restrepo, Zorayda, additional, Rudas, Agustín, additional, Quesada, Carlos A., additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Stropp, Juliana, additional, Terborgh, John, additional, Vieira, Simone A., additional, and Malhi, Yadvinder, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. A generic pixel-to-point comparison for simulated large-scale ecosystem properties and ground-based observations: An example from the Amazon region

Author

RAMMIG, Anja, Heinke, Jens, Hofhansl, Florian, Verbeeck, Hans, Baker, T R, Christoffersen, Brad, DE DEURWAERDER, Hannes, Fleischer, Katrin, Galbraith, David R, GUIMBERTEAU, MATTHIEU, Meir, Patrick, RAMMIG, Anja, Heinke, Jens, Hofhansl, Florian, Verbeeck, Hans, Baker, T R, Christoffersen, Brad, DE DEURWAERDER, Hannes, Fleischer, Katrin, Galbraith, David R, GUIMBERTEAU, MATTHIEU, and Meir, Patrick

Abstract

Comparing model output and observed data is an important step for assessing model performance and quality of simulation results. However, such comparisons are often hampered by differences in spatial scales between local point observations and large-scale simulations of grid cells or pixels. In this study, we propose a generic approach for a pixel-to-point comparison and provide statistical measures accounting for the uncertainty resulting from landscape variability and measurement errors in ecosystem variables. The basic concept of our approach is to determine the statistical properties of small-scale (within-pixel) variability and observational errors, and to use this information to correct for their effect when large-scale area averages (pixel) are compared to small-scale point estimates. We demonstrate our approach by comparing simulated values of aboveground biomass, woody productivity (woody net primary productivity, NPP) and residence time of woody biomass from four dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with measured inventory data from permanent plots in the Amazon rainforest, a region with the typical problem of low data availability, potential scale mismatch and thus high model uncertainty. We find that the DGVMs under- and overestimate aboveground biomass by 25 % and up to 60 %, respectively. Our comparison metrics provide a quantitative measure for model–data agreement and show moderate to good agreement with the region-wide spatial biomass pattern detected by plot observations. However, all four DGVMs overestimate woody productivity and underestimate residence time of woody biomass even when accounting for the large uncertainty range of the observational data. This is because DGVMs do not represent the relation between productivity and residence time of woody biomass correctly. Thus, the DGVMs may simulate the correct large-scale patterns of biomass but for the wrong reasons. We conclude that more information about the underlying processes driving bi

Published
2018

19. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Hérault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, Ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M. F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., Baker, Timothy R., Chercheur indépendant, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
trait, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], phylogenetic signal, divergent selection, tropical tree, convergent evolution
Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

Published
2016

20. Comparison between published values of phylogenetic signal and values found in the present study from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Jerome Chave, Galbraith, David R., Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Toby Pennington, R., Lourens Poorter, Miguel Alexiades, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Ana Andrade, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Jorcely Barroso, Damien Bonal, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Camargo, Plínio B., Anthony Di Fiore, Fernando Elias, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Leandro Ferreira, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Emanuel Gloor, Bruno Herault, Rafael Herrera, Niro Higuchi, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Susan Laurance, Jon Lloyd, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, Neill, David A., Percy Núñez Vargas, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Adriana Prieto, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Agustin Rudas, Kalle Ruokolainen, Salomão, Rafael P., Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Peter van der Hout, Heijden, Geertje M. F., Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Emilio Vilanova, Vincent Antoine Vos, Ophelia Wang, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Subjects
genetic structures
Abstract

Comparison between published values of phylogenetic signal for traits of tropical forest trees measured by Blomberg's K statistic. Bar colour indicates the different studies [1-5]; bars in black are represented by traits calculated in the present study and shades of grey show values for published studies. Bars with negative values represent absence of phylogenetic signal.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Methods for calculating trait intrinsic value from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Jerome Chave, Galbraith, David R., Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Toby Pennington, R., Lourens Poorter, Miguel Alexiades, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Ana Andrade, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Jorcely Barroso, Damien Bonal, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Camargo, Plínio B., Anthony Di Fiore, Fernando Elias, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Leandro Ferreira, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Emanuel Gloor, Bruno Herault, Rafael Herrera, Niro Higuchi, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Susan Laurance, Jon Lloyd, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, Neill, David A., Percy Núñez Vargas, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Adriana Prieto, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Agustin Rudas, Kalle Ruokolainen, Salomão, Rafael P., Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Peter van der Hout, Heijden, Geertje M. F., Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Emilio Vilanova, Vincent Antoine Vos, Ophelia Wang, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Description of the methods used to calculate intrinsic trait values to account for the effect of variation in environmental conditions among plots

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Supporting reults from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Souza, Fernanda Coelho De, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, R. Toby Pennington, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard, C., Baraloto, Christopher, Jorcely Barroso, Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Camargo, Plínio B. De, Fiore, Anthony Di, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Niro Higuchi, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, Steege, Hans Ter, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, Hout, Peter Van Der, Heijden, Geertje M. F. Van Der, Meer, Peter J. Van Der, Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Model comparison; Loadings for Phylogenetic Principal Componets Analysis (PPCA); Sensitivity analyses

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. List of plot data used in the present study from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Souza, Fernanda Coelho De, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, R. Toby Pennington, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard, C., Baraloto, Christopher, Jorcely Barroso, Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Camargo, Plínio B. De, Fiore, Anthony Di, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Niro Higuchi, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, Steege, Hans Ter, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, Hout, Peter Van Der, Heijden, Geertje M. F. Van Der, Meer, Peter J. Van Der, Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

List of plots encompassing the Floristic tree inventories for 577 plots compiled from RAINFOR database, with their respective coordinates in Latitude (Lat.) and Longitude (Long.) , area in hectare, number of individuals with diameter equal or superior to 10 cm, number of species, number of genera and data contributors. Plots with long term data and minimum of 2 years census interval (257) are assigned.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Linking hydraulic traits to tropical forest function in a size-structured and trait-driven model (TFS v.1-Hydro)

Author

Christoffersen, Bradley O., Gloor, Manuel, Fauset, Sophie, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Galbraith, David R., Baker, Timothy R., Kruijt, Bart, Rowland, Lucy, Fisher, Rosie A., Binks, Oliver J., Sevanto, Sanna, Xu, Chonggang, Jansen, Steven, Choat, Brendan, Mencuccini, Maurizio, McDowell, Nate G., Meir, Patrick, Christoffersen, Bradley O., Gloor, Manuel, Fauset, Sophie, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Galbraith, David R., Baker, Timothy R., Kruijt, Bart, Rowland, Lucy, Fisher, Rosie A., Binks, Oliver J., Sevanto, Sanna, Xu, Chonggang, Jansen, Steven, Choat, Brendan, Mencuccini, Maurizio, McDowell, Nate G., and Meir, Patrick

Abstract

Forest ecosystem models based on heuristic water stress functions poorly predict tropical forest response to drought partly because they do not capture the diversity of hydraulic traits (including variation in tree size) observed in tropical forests. We developed a continuous porous media approach to modeling plant hydraulics in which all parameters of the constitutive equations are biologically interpretable and measurable plant hydraulic traits (e.g., turgor loss point πtlp, bulk elastic modulus ϵ, hydraulic capacitance Cft, xylem hydraulic conductivity ks,max, water potential at 50% loss of conductivity for both xylem (P50,x) and stomata (P50,gs), and the leafg: sapwood area ratio Al: As). We embedded this plant hydraulics model within a trait forest simulator (TFS) that models light environments of individual trees and their upper boundary conditions (transpiration), as well as providing a means for parameterizing variation in hydraulic traits among individuals. We synthesized literature and existing databases to parameterize all hydraulic traits as a function of stem and leaf traits, including wood density (WD), leaf mass per area (LMA), and photosynthetic capacity (Amax), and evaluated the coupled model (called TFS v.1-Hydro) predictions, against observed diurnal and seasonal variability in stem and leaf water potential as well as stand-scaled sap flux. Our hydraulic trait synthesis revealed coordination among leaf and xylem hydraulic traits and statistically significant relationships of most hydraulic traits with more easily measured plant traits. Using the most informative empirical trait-trait relationships derived from this synthesis, TFS v.1-Hydro successfully captured individual variation in leaf and stem water potential due to increasing tree size and light environment, with model representation of hydraulic architecture and plant traits exerting primary and secon

Published
2016

25. The Defence and Evacuation of the Kuban Bridgehead, January – October 1943

Author

Galbraith, David R.

Subjects
History
Abstract

This thesis examines German and Soviet operations in the Kuban area of southern Russia during January – October 1943. As the bulk of German Army Group A withdrew from the Caucasus in early 1943 to avoid encirclement following the Soviet counter-offensive at Stalingrad, Seventeenth Army was ordered to hold a bridgehead on the Kuban Peninsula as a jumping-off point for a future resumption of the German offensive into the Caucasus. In early February, the Soviets attempted to eliminate the German bridgehead through a combined amphibious and ground operation. The ground operation did not achieve any significant gain, and the main amphibious landing operation was a catastrophic failure, but a secondary landing succeeded in gaining a foothold in the southern suburbs of the port city of Novorossiysk that was quickly expanded and became known as Malaya Zemlya (The Small Land). Early April saw the launch of Operation Neptune, a German effort to eliminate the Malaya Zemlya beachhead. This failed utterly due to the weakness of the German assault groups and the tenacious Soviet defence. The Soviets then launched a series of attempts through the spring and summer to break the German line, with minimal success. The final phase of operations in the Kuban was the withdrawal of Seventeenth Army by sea and air across the Kerch Strait to the Crimea. Almost a quarter of a million men and the bulk of their equipment were successfully evacuated, with very light losses. The thesis examines some factors that contributed to the success or failure of these operations and also considers why a region that was of key strategic interest in both German and Soviet planning in the first period of the war quickly diminished in importance and has been largely neglected in the published history of the war.

Published
2014

26. Linking hydraulic traits to tropical forest function in a size-structured and trait-driven model (TFS v.1-Hydro)

Author

Christoffersen, Bradley O., primary, Gloor, Manuel, additional, Fauset, Sophie, additional, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Baker, Timothy R., additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Rowland, Lucy, additional, Fisher, Rosie A., additional, Binks, Oliver J., additional, Sevanto, Sanna, additional, Xu, Chonggang, additional, Jansen, Steven, additional, Choat, Brendan, additional, Mencuccini, Maurizio, additional, McDowell, Nate G., additional, and Meir, Patrick, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Supplementary material to "Linking hydraulic traits to tropical forest function in a size-structured and trait-driven model (TFS v.1-Hydro)"

Author

Christoffersen, Bradley O., primary, Gloor, Manuel, additional, Fauset, Sophie, additional, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Baker, Timothy R., additional, Rowland, Lucy, additional, Fisher, Rosie A., additional, Binks, Oliver J., additional, Sevanto, Sanna A., additional, Xu, Chonggang, additional, Jansen, Steven, additional, Choat, Brendan, additional, Mencuccini, Maurizio, additional, McDowell, Nate G., additional, and Meir, Patrick, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation

Author

Rowland, L, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Galbraith, David R, Oliveira, R.S, BINKS, OLIVER J ., de Oliveira, Alex AR, Pullen, A.M, Doughty, C. E, Metcalfe, D B, Vasconcelos, S, Ferreira, L V, Meir, Patrick, Rowland, L, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Galbraith, David R, Oliveira, R.S, BINKS, OLIVER J ., de Oliveira, Alex AR, Pullen, A.M, Doughty, C. E, Metcalfe, D B, Vasconcelos, S, Ferreira, L V, and Meir, Patrick

Published
2015

30. The fate of Amazonian ecosystems over the coming century arising from changes in climate, atmospheric CO2, and land use

Author

Zhang, Ke, primary, de Almeida Castanho, Andrea D., additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Moghim, Sanaz, additional, Levine, Naomi M., additional, Bras, Rafael L., additional, Coe, Michael T., additional, Costa, Marcos H., additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Longo, Marcos, additional, Knox, Ryan G., additional, McKnight, Shawna, additional, Wang, Jingfeng, additional, and Moorcroft, Paul R., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. The linkages between photosynthesis, productivity, growth and biomass in lowland Amazonian forests

Author

Malhi, Yadvinder, primary, Doughty, Christopher E., additional, Goldsmith, Gregory R., additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Girardin, Cécile A. J., additional, Marthews, Toby R., additional, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, additional, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., additional, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, additional, Brando, Paulo, additional, da Costa, Antonio C. L., additional, Silva-Espejo, Javier E., additional, Farfán Amézquita, Filio, additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Quesada, Carlos A., additional, Rocha, Wanderley, additional, Salinas-Revilla, Norma, additional, Silvério, Divino, additional, Meir, Patrick, additional, and Phillips, Oliver L., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Confronting model predictions of carbon fluxes with measurements of Amazon forests subjected to experimental drought

Author

Powell, Thomas, Galbraith, David R, Christoffersen, Bradley O, Harper, Anna, Imbuzeiro, Hewlley M.A, Rowland, Lucy, Almeida, Samuel, Brando, Paulo M, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Costa, Marcos Heil, Levine , Naomi M, Meir, Patrick, Powell, Thomas, Galbraith, David R, Christoffersen, Bradley O, Harper, Anna, Imbuzeiro, Hewlley M.A, Rowland, Lucy, Almeida, Samuel, Brando, Paulo M, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, Costa, Marcos Heil, Levine , Naomi M, and Meir, Patrick

Abstract

Summary: Considerable uncertainty surrounds the fate of Amazon rainforests in response to climate change. Here, carbon (C) flux predictions of five terrestrial biosphere models (Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5), Ecosystem Demography model version

Published
2013

33. Simulating forest productivity along a neotropical elevational transect: temperature variation and carbon use efficiency

Author

Marthews, Toby R., Malhi, Yadvinder, Girardin, Cécile A. J., Silva Espejo, Javier E., Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Rapp, Joshua M., Mercado, Lina M., Fisher, Rosie A., Galbraith, David R., Fisher, Joshua B., Salinas-Revilla, Norma, Friend, Andrew D., Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, Williams, Richard J., Marthews, Toby R., Malhi, Yadvinder, Girardin, Cécile A. J., Silva Espejo, Javier E., Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Rapp, Joshua M., Mercado, Lina M., Fisher, Rosie A., Galbraith, David R., Fisher, Joshua B., Salinas-Revilla, Norma, Friend, Andrew D., Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, and Williams, Richard J.

Abstract

A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the magnitude and sign of carbon components in tropical forest ecosystems is important for reliable estimation of this important regional component of the global carbon cycle. We used the JULES vegetation model to simulate all components of the carbon balance at six sites along an Andes-Amazon transect across Peru and Brazil and compared the results to published field measurements. In the upper montane zone the model predicted a lack of forest vegetation, indicating a need for better parameterization of the responses of cloud forest vegetation within the model. In the lower montane and lowland zones simulated ecosystem productivity and respiration were predicted with reasonable accuracy, although not always within the error bounds of the observations. Model-predicted carbon use efficiency in this transect surprisingly did not increase with elevation, but remained close to the ‘temperate’ value 0.5. Upper montane forests were predicted to allocate ~50% of carbon fixation to biomass maintenance and growth, despite available measurements showing that they only allocate ~33%. This may be explained by elevational changes in the balance between growth and maintenance respiration within the forest canopy, as controlled by both temperature- and pressure-mediated processes, which is not yet well represented in current vegetation models

Published
2012

34. Ecosystem respiration and net primary productivity after 8–10 years of experimental through-fall reduction in an eastern Amazon forest

Author

da Costa, Antonio C.L., primary, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Doughty, Chris E., additional, de Oliveira, Alexandre A.R., additional, Neto, Guilherme F.C., additional, da Costa, Mauricio C., additional, Silva Junior, João de Athaydes, additional, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., additional, Almeida, Samuel, additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Rowland, Lucy M., additional, Meir, Patrick, additional, and Malhi, Yadvinder, additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Confronting model predictions of carbon fluxes with measurements of Amazon forests subjected to experimental drought

Author

Powell, Thomas L., primary, Galbraith, David R., additional, Christoffersen, Bradley O., additional, Harper, Anna, additional, Imbuzeiro, Hewlley M. A., additional, Rowland, Lucy, additional, Almeida, Samuel, additional, Brando, Paulo M., additional, da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola, additional, Costa, Marcos Heil, additional, Levine, Naomi M., additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Saleska, Scott R., additional, Sotta, Eleneide, additional, Williams, Mathew, additional, Meir, Patrick, additional, and Moorcroft, Paul R., additional

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Simulating forest productivity along a neotropical elevational transect: temperature variation and carbon use efficiency

Author

Marthews, Toby R., primary, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Girardin, Cécile A. J., additional, Silva Espejo, Javier E., additional, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Rapp, Joshua M., additional, Mercado, Lina M., additional, Fisher, Rosie A., additional, Galbraith, David R., additional, Fisher, Joshua B., additional, Salinas-Revilla, Norma, additional, Friend, Andrew D., additional, Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, additional, and Williams, Richard J., additional

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. The fate of Amazonian ecosystems over the coming century arising from changes in climate, atmospheric CO2, and land use.

Author

Zhang, Ke, Almeida Castanho, Andrea D., Galbraith, David R., Moghim, Sanaz, Levine, Naomi M., Bras, Rafael L., Coe, Michael T., Costa, Marcos H., Malhi, Yadvinder, Longo, Marcos, Knox, Ryan G., McKnight, Shawna, Wang, Jingfeng, and Moorcroft, Paul R.

Subjects
ECOSYSTEMS, CLIMATE change, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, LAND use & the environment, FOREST biomass
Abstract

There is considerable interest in understanding the fate of the Amazon over the coming century in the face of climate change, rising atmospheric CO2 levels, ongoing land transformation, and changing fire regimes within the region. In this analysis, we explore the fate of Amazonian ecosystems under the combined impact of these four environmental forcings using three terrestrial biosphere models ( ED2, IBIS, and JULES) forced by three bias-corrected IPCC AR4 climate projections ( PCM1, CCSM3, and Had CM3) under two land-use change scenarios. We assess the relative roles of climate change, CO2 fertilization, land-use change, and fire in driving the projected changes in Amazonian biomass and forest extent. Our results indicate that the impacts of climate change are primarily determined by the direction and severity of projected changes in regional precipitation: under the driest climate projection, climate change alone is predicted to reduce Amazonian forest cover by an average of 14%. However, the models predict that CO2 fertilization will enhance vegetation productivity and alleviate climate-induced increases in plant water stress, and, as a result, sustain high biomass forests, even under the driest climate scenario. Land-use change and climate-driven changes in fire frequency are predicted to cause additional aboveground biomass loss and reductions in forest extent. The relative impact of land use and fire dynamics compared to climate and CO2 impacts varies considerably, depending on both the climate and land-use scenario, and on the terrestrial biosphere model used, highlighting the importance of improved quantitative understanding of all four factors - climate change, CO2 fertilization effects, fire, and land use - to the fate of the Amazon over the coming century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Ecosystem respiration and net primary productivity after 8–10 years of experimental through-fall reduction in an eastern Amazon forest.

Author

da Costa, Antonio C.L., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Doughty, Chris E., de Oliveira, Alexandre A.R., Neto, Guilherme F.C., da Costa, Mauricio C., Silva Junior, João de Athaydes, Aragão, Luiz E.O.C., Almeida, Samuel, Galbraith, David R., Rowland, Lucy M., Meir, Patrick, and Malhi, Yadvinder

Subjects
FOREST ecology, RAIN forests, RESPIRATION in plants, PRIMARY productivity (Biology), RAINFALL, CARBON cycle, DROUGHTS
Abstract

Background:There is much interest in how the Amazon rainforest may respond to future rainfall reduction. However, there are relatively few ecosystem-scale studies to inform this debate. Aims:We described the carbon cycle in a 1 ha rainforest plot subjected to 8–10 consecutive years of ca. 50% through-fall reduction (TFR) and compare these results with those from a nearby, unmodified control plot in eastern Amazonia. Methods:We quantified the components of net primary productivity (NPP), autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration, and estimate gross primary productivity (GPP, the sum ofNPPandRa) and carbon-use efficiency (CUE, the ratio ofNPP/GPP). Results:The TFR forest exhibited slightly lowerNPPbut slightly higherRa, such that forestCUEwas 0.29 ± 0.04 on the control plot but 0.25 ± 0.03 on the TFR plot. Compared with four years earlier, TFR plot leaf area index and small tree growth recovered and soil heterotrophic respiration had risen. Conclusions:This analysis tested and extended the key findings of a similar analysis 4 years earlier in the TFR treatment. The results indicated that, while the forest recovered from extended drought in some respects, it maintained higher overallRarelative to the undroughted control, potentially causing the droughted forest to act as a net source of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Alexiades, M., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Higuchi, N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Subjects
Forest ecology, Climate-change ecology, Population dynamics

40. Phylogeny of 497 Amazonian tree genera from Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Jerome Chave, Galbraith, David R., Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Toby Pennington, R., Lourens Poorter, Miguel Alexiades, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Ana Andrade, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Arets, Eric J. M. M., Gerardo A. Aymard C., Christopher Baraloto, Jorcely Barroso, Damien Bonal, Boot, Rene G. A., Camargo, José L. C., Comiskey, James A., Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Camargo, Plínio B., Anthony Di Fiore, Fernando Elias, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Leandro Ferreira, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Emanuel Gloor, Bruno Herault, Rafael Herrera, Niro Higuchi, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Susan Laurance, Jon Lloyd, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Yadvinder Malhi, Leandro Maracahipes, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, Neill, David A., Percy Núñez Vargas, Oliveira, Edmar A., Oliveira, Eddie L., Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Adriana Prieto, Quesada, Carlos A., Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Agustin Rudas, Kalle Ruokolainen, Salomão, Rafael P., Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Hans ter Steege, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Peter van der Hout, Heijden, Geertje M. F., Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Emilio Vilanova, Vincent Antoine Vos, Ophelia Wang, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Subjects
food and beverages, complex mixtures
Abstract

Phylogeny of 497 Amazonian tree and palm genera, with branches coloured according to wood density, potential tree size, maximum tree growth and mortality rates.

41. Ecosystem respiration and net primary productivity after 8–10 years of experimental through-fall reduction in an eastern Amazon forest

Author

Yadvinder Malhi, Costa, Antonio C.L. Da, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Doughty, Chris E., Oliveira, Alexandre A.R. De, Neto, Guilherme F.C., Costa, Mauricio C. Da, Junior, João De Athaydes Silva, Luiz E.O.C. Aragão, Almeida, Samuel, Galbraith, David R., Rowland, Lucy M., and Meir, Patrick

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

Background: There is much interest in how the Amazon rainforest may respond to future rainfall reduction. However, there are relatively few ecosystem-scale studies to inform this debate. Aims: We described the carbon cycle in a 1 ha rainforest plot subjected to 8–10 consecutive years of ca. 50% through-fall reduction (TFR) and compare these results with those from a nearby, unmodified control plot in eastern Amazonia. Methods: We quantified the components of net primary productivity (NPP), autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration, and estimate gross primary productivity (GPP, the sum of NPP and Ra) and carbon-use efficiency (CUE, the ratio of NPP/GPP). Results: The TFR forest exhibited slightly lower NPP but slightly higher Ra, such that forest CUE was 0.29 ± 0.04 on the control plot but 0.25 ± 0.03 on the TFR plot. Compared with four years earlier, TFR plot leaf area index and small tree growth recovered and soil heterotrophic respiration had risen. Conclusions: This analysis tested and extended the key findings of a similar analysis 4 years earlier in the TFR treatment. The results indicated that, while the forest recovered from extended drought in some respects, it maintained higher overall Ra relative to the undroughted control, potentially causing the droughted forest to act as a net source of CO2.

42. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., Baker, Timothy R., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., Baker, Timothy R., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., Baker, Timothy R., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Zagt, Roderick J., Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., López-González, Gabriela, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Bánki, O.S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, Rafael P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology

Author

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., Baker, Timothy R., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Dexter, Kyle G., Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J.W., Chave, Jerome, Galbraith, David R., Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Pennington, R. Toby, Poorter, Lourens, Alexiades, Miguel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric J.M.M., Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bonal, Damien, Boot, Rene G.A., Camargo, José L.C., Comiskey, James A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, de Camargo, Plínio B., Di Fiore, Anthony, Elias, Fernando, Erwin, Terry L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro, Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Gloor, Emanuel, Herault, Bruno, Herrera, Rafael, Higuchi, Niro, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Killeen, Timothy J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David A., Vargas, Percy Núñez, Oliveira, Edmar A., Lenza, Eddie, Palacios, Walter A., Peñuela-Mora, Maria C., Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Prieto, Adriana, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Rudas, Agustin, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Salomão, Rafael P., Silveira, Marcos, Stropp, Juliana, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas-Caesar, Raquel, van der Hout, Peter, van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Meer, Peter J., Vasquez, Rodolfo V., Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zagt, Roderick J., and Baker, Timothy R.

Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Hydraulic properties of Amazonian trees : spatial variation and consequences for vulnerability to drought

Author

Tavares, Julia Valentim, Galbraith, David R., Gloor, Emanuel, and Phillips, Oliver

Subjects
551.57
Abstract

The Amazon rainforest is the largest and most diverse tropical forest on the planet and it plays a fundamental role in global biogeochemical cycles and carbon sequestration from atmosphere. Changes on temperature and precipitation regime due climate change are likely to cause permanent disturbance in Amazon rainforest, a biome highly dependent of water availability. Studies carried in Amazonia have documented increased rates of tree mortality, reduction in forest carbon sink, and shifts on species and functional composition likely caused by on-going changes in climate. As temperature and the frequency of droughts are predicted to continue increasing in future is fundamental to understand how the water stress caused by these impacts will affect tree species in the Amazon. In this thesis I aimed to enhance the understanding of the sensitivity and vulnerability of Amazonian trees to drought by combining an extensive long-term tree monitoring database with in-situ experiments carried along a wide precipitation gradient. Firstly, I showed how tree hydraulic traits, therefore drought vulnerability vary across Amazonian forests, with site water availability, soil texture and biogeographic regions being the main contributors of this variation. Secondly, I showed that hydraulic traits are related with changes in aboveground biomass changes at community level (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3 I found that there is phylogenetic signal for embolism resistance, being Fabaceae an especially resistant clade. I further used this information to create a map of embolism resistance across 582 Amazonian tree communities distributed in the whole domain. Finally, I showed how embolism resistance and hydraulic safety margins are related to species biogeographical distribution, life history characteristics and drought induced mortality. Overall, this thesis assessed the variation of the hydraulic traits across Amazonian forests and among tree taxa, as well as validated the predictive power of Amazonian hydraulic traits over forest dynamics.

Published
2019

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results