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136 results on '"Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal"'

3. Occurrence and diffusive air-seawater exchanges of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

Author

Luarte, Thais, Hirmas-Olivares, Andrea, Höfer, Juan, Giesecke, Ricardo, Mestre, Mireia, Guajardo-Leiva, Sergio, Castro-Nallar, Eduardo, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, Chiang, Gustavo, Lohmann, Rainer, Dachs, Jordi, Nash, Susan Bengtson, Pulgar, José, Pozo, Karla, Přibylová, Petra P., Martiník, Jakub, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal

Published
2024
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4. Assessing the Impact of the Physical Environment on Comfort and Job Satisfaction in Offices

Author

Reyne-Pugh, Francisco, Pulgar, José, Godoy-Faúndez, Alex, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

This paper develops a model that allows to analyze the physical parameters that determine the degree of environmental comfort of employees in offices. Parameters such as air quality, noise, thermal environment, and lighting are considered. This model was developed through the use of partial least squares structural equation models (PLS-SEM). Formative indicators (which cause the construct) and reflective indicators (caused or affected by the construct) were used, following the methodology proposed by Hair et al. (2014). The model was estimated using data obtained in surveys conducted in aeronautical control offices in Chile (DASADGAC). The model allows to evaluate the influence that environmental comfort has on people's job satisfaction. The results indicate that the environmental parameters used significantly influence environmental comfort, explaining 70.2% of its variance. In addition, it was obtained that the influence of noise on environmental comfort proved to be greater than that of the rest of the environmental parameters studied, followed by air quality. On the other hand, it was empirically proven that environmental comfort has a significant influence on job satisfaction, where the environmental parameters used explain the variance of job satisfaction by 28.9%., Comment: 22 pages, 6 Figures, 5 tables

Published
2020

11. Case report of plastic nurdles pollution in Galicia (NW Atlantic) following the Toconao's spill in December 2023: The VIEIRA Collaborative

Author

Vidal-Abad, Alejandro, primary, Casal, Miguel A., additional, Rey-Aguiño, José Manuel, additional, Pichel-González, Alejandra, additional, Solana-Muñoz, Andrea, additional, Poza-Nogueiras, Verónica, additional, Varela, Zulema, additional, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, additional, Ouro, Pablo, additional, and Fernández-Sanlés, Alba, additional

Published
2024
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14. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife.

Author

González-Aravena, Marcelo, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Castro-Nallar, Eduardo, Barriga, Gonzalo P., Neira, Víctor, Krüger, Lucas, Adell, Aiko D., and Olivares-Pacheco, Jorge

Subjects
SEWAGE, SARS-CoV-2, VIRUS isolation, HEALTH facilities, WILDLIFE monitoring, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Before December 2020, Antarctica had remained free of COVID-19 cases. The main concern during the pandemic was the limited health facilities available at Antarctic stations to deal with the disease as well as the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Antarctic wildlife through reverse zoonosis. In December 2020, 60 cases emerged in Chilean Antarctic stations, disrupting the summer campaign with ongoing isolation needs. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the wastewater of several scientific stations. In Antarctica, treated wastewater is discharged directly into the seawater. No studies currently address the recovery of infectious virus particles from treated wastewater, but their presence raises the risk of infecting wildlife and initiating new replication cycles. This study highlights the initial virus detection in wastewater from Antarctic stations, identifying viral RNA via RT-qPCR targeting various genomic regions. The virus's RNA was found in effluent from two wastewater plants at Maxwell Bay and O'Higgins Station on King George Island and the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. This study explores the potential for the reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to Antarctic wildlife due to the direct release of viral particles into seawater. The implications of such transmission underscore the need for continued vigilance and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Occurrence and diffusive air-seawater exchanges of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

Author

Luarte, Thais, primary, Hirmas-Olivares, Andrea, additional, Höfer, Juan, additional, Giesecke, Ricardo, additional, Mestre, Mireia, additional, Guajardo-Leiva, Sergio, additional, Castro-Nallar, Eduardo, additional, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, additional, Chiang, Gustavo, additional, Lohmann, Rainier, additional, Dachs, Jordi, additional, Nash, Susan Bengtson, additional, Pulgar, José, additional, Pozo, Karla, additional, Přibylová, Petra P., additional, Martiník, Jakub, additional, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, additional

Published
2023
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17. Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives

Author

Luarte, Thais, primary, Gómez-Aburto, Victoria A., additional, Poblete-Castro, Ignacio, additional, Castro-Nallar, Eduardo, additional, Huneeus, Nicolas, additional, Molina-Montenegro, Marco, additional, Egas, Claudia, additional, Azcune, Germán, additional, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, additional, Lohmann, Rainier, additional, Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla, additional, Dachs, Jordi, additional, Bengtson-Nash, Susan, additional, Chiang, Gustavo, additional, Pozo, Karla, additional, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal J., additional

Published
2023
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21. Supplementary material to "Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives."

Author

Luarte, Thais, primary, Gómez-Aburto, Victoria Antonieta, additional, Poblete-Castro, Ignacio, additional, Castro-Nallar, Eduardo, additional, Hunneus, Nicolás, additional, Molina-Montenegro, Marco, additional, Egas, Claudia, additional, Azcune, Germán, additional, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, additional, Lohmann, Rainier, additional, Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla, additional, Dachs, Jordi, additional, Bengtson-Nash, Susan, additional, Chiang, Gustavo, additional, Pozo, Karla, additional, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, additional

Published
2023
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26. Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers

Author

Wilkinson, John L., Boxall, Alistair B. A., Kolpin, Dana W., Leung, Kenneth M. Y., Lai, Racliffe W. S., Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Adell, Aiko D., Mondon, Julie, Metian, Marc, Marchant, Robert A., Bouzas-Monroy, Alejandra, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Coors, Anja, Carriquiriborde, Pedro, Rojo, Macarena, Gordon, Chris, Cara, Magdalena, Moermond, Monique, Luarte, Thais, Petrosyan, Vahagn, Perikhanyan, Yekaterina, Mahon, Clare S., McGurk, Christopher J., Hofmann, Thilo, Kormoker, Tapos, Iniguez, Volga, Guzman-Otazo, Jessica, Tavares, Jean L., Gildasio De Figueiredo, Francisco, Razzolini, Maria T. P., Dougnon, Victorien, Gbaguidi, Gildas, Traoré, Oumar, Blais, Jules M., Kimpe, Linda E., Wong, Michelle, Wong, Donald, Ntchantcho, Romaric, Pizarro, Jaime, Ying, Guang-Guo, Chen, Chang-Er, Páez, Martha, Martínez-Lara, Jina, Otamonga, Jean-Paul, Poté, John, Ifo, Suspense A., Wilson, Penelope, Echeverría-Sáenz, Silvia, Udikovic-Kolic, Nikolina, Milakovic, Milena, Fatta-Kassinos, Despo, Ioannou-Ttofa, Lida, Belušová, Vladimíra, Vymazal, Jan, Cárdenas-Bustamante, María, Kassa, Bayable A., Garric, Jeanne, Chaumot, Arnaud, Gibba, Peter, Kunchulia, Ilia, Seidensticker, Sven, Lyberatos, Gerasimos, Halldórsson, Halldór P., Melling, Molly, Shashidhar, Thatikonda, Lamba, Manisha, Nastiti, Anindrya, Supriatin, Adee, Pourang, Nima, Abedini, Ali, Abdullah, Omar, Gharbia, Salem S., Pilla, Francesco, Chefetz, Benny, Topaz, Tom, Yao, Koffi Marcellin, Aubakirova, Bakhyt, Beisenova, Raikhan, Olaka, Lydia, Mulu, Jemimah K., Chatanga, Peter, Ntuli, Victor, Blama, Nathaniel T., Sherif, Sheck, Aris, Ahmad Zaharin, Looi, Ley Juen, Niang, Mahamoudane, Traore, Seydou T., Oldenkamp, Rik, Ogunbanwo, Olatayo, Ashfaq, Muhammad, Iqbal, Muhammad, Abdeen, Ziad, O’Dea, Aaron, Morales-Saldaña, Jorge Manuel, Custodio, María, de la Cruz, Heidi, Navarrete, Ian, Carvalho, Fabio, Gogra, Alhaji Brima, Koroma, Bashiru M., Cerkvenik-Flajs, Vesna, Gombač, Mitja, Thwala, Melusi, Choi, Kyungho, Kang, Habyeong, Ladu, John L. Celestino, Rico, Andreu, Amerasinghe, Priyanie, Sobek, Anna, Horlitz, Gisela, Zenker, Armin K., King, Alex C., Jiang, Jheng-Jie, Kariuki, Rebecca, Tumbo, Madaka, Tezel, Ulas, Onay, Turgut T., Lejju, Julius B., Vystavna, Yuliya, Vergeles, Yuriy, Heinzen, Horacio, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, Sims, Douglas B., Figy, Maritza, Good, David, Teta, Charles, Wilkinson, John L., Boxall, Alistair B. A., Kolpin, Dana W., Leung, Kenneth M. Y., Lai, Racliffe W. S., Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Adell, Aiko D., Mondon, Julie, Metian, Marc, Marchant, Robert A., Bouzas-Monroy, Alejandra, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Coors, Anja, Carriquiriborde, Pedro, Rojo, Macarena, Gordon, Chris, Cara, Magdalena, Moermond, Monique, Luarte, Thais, Petrosyan, Vahagn, Perikhanyan, Yekaterina, Mahon, Clare S., McGurk, Christopher J., Hofmann, Thilo, Kormoker, Tapos, Iniguez, Volga, Guzman-Otazo, Jessica, Tavares, Jean L., Gildasio De Figueiredo, Francisco, Razzolini, Maria T. P., Dougnon, Victorien, Gbaguidi, Gildas, Traoré, Oumar, Blais, Jules M., Kimpe, Linda E., Wong, Michelle, Wong, Donald, Ntchantcho, Romaric, Pizarro, Jaime, Ying, Guang-Guo, Chen, Chang-Er, Páez, Martha, Martínez-Lara, Jina, Otamonga, Jean-Paul, Poté, John, Ifo, Suspense A., Wilson, Penelope, Echeverría-Sáenz, Silvia, Udikovic-Kolic, Nikolina, Milakovic, Milena, Fatta-Kassinos, Despo, Ioannou-Ttofa, Lida, Belušová, Vladimíra, Vymazal, Jan, Cárdenas-Bustamante, María, Kassa, Bayable A., Garric, Jeanne, Chaumot, Arnaud, Gibba, Peter, Kunchulia, Ilia, Seidensticker, Sven, Lyberatos, Gerasimos, Halldórsson, Halldór P., Melling, Molly, Shashidhar, Thatikonda, Lamba, Manisha, Nastiti, Anindrya, Supriatin, Adee, Pourang, Nima, Abedini, Ali, Abdullah, Omar, Gharbia, Salem S., Pilla, Francesco, Chefetz, Benny, Topaz, Tom, Yao, Koffi Marcellin, Aubakirova, Bakhyt, Beisenova, Raikhan, Olaka, Lydia, Mulu, Jemimah K., Chatanga, Peter, Ntuli, Victor, Blama, Nathaniel T., Sherif, Sheck, Aris, Ahmad Zaharin, Looi, Ley Juen, Niang, Mahamoudane, Traore, Seydou T., Oldenkamp, Rik, Ogunbanwo, Olatayo, Ashfaq, Muhammad, Iqbal, Muhammad, Abdeen, Ziad, O’Dea, Aaron, Morales-Saldaña, Jorge Manuel, Custodio, María, de la Cruz, Heidi, Navarrete, Ian, Carvalho, Fabio, Gogra, Alhaji Brima, Koroma, Bashiru M., Cerkvenik-Flajs, Vesna, Gombač, Mitja, Thwala, Melusi, Choi, Kyungho, Kang, Habyeong, Ladu, John L. Celestino, Rico, Andreu, Amerasinghe, Priyanie, Sobek, Anna, Horlitz, Gisela, Zenker, Armin K., King, Alex C., Jiang, Jheng-Jie, Kariuki, Rebecca, Tumbo, Madaka, Tezel, Ulas, Onay, Turgut T., Lejju, Julius B., Vystavna, Yuliya, Vergeles, Yuriy, Heinzen, Horacio, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, Sims, Douglas B., Figy, Maritza, Good, David, and Teta, Charles

Abstract

Despite growing evidence of the deleterious effects on ecological and human health, little is known regarding the global occurrence of pharmaceuticals in rivers. Studies assessing their occurrence are available for 75 of 196 countries, with most research conducted in North America and Western Europe. This leaves large geographical regions relatively unstudied. Here, we present the findings of a global reconnaissance of pharmaceutical pollution in rivers. The study monitored 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries of all continents, thus representing the pharmaceutical fingerprint of 471.4 million people. We show that the presence of these contaminants in surface water poses a threat to environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations globally.Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastruc

Published
2022

28. Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers

Author

Wilkinson, John L., primary, Boxall, Alistair B. A., additional, Kolpin, Dana W., additional, Leung, Kenneth M. Y., additional, Lai, Racliffe W. S., additional, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, additional, Adell, Aiko D., additional, Mondon, Julie, additional, Metian, Marc, additional, Marchant, Robert A., additional, Bouzas-Monroy, Alejandra, additional, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, additional, Coors, Anja, additional, Carriquiriborde, Pedro, additional, Rojo, Macarena, additional, Gordon, Chris, additional, Cara, Magdalena, additional, Moermond, Monique, additional, Luarte, Thais, additional, Petrosyan, Vahagn, additional, Perikhanyan, Yekaterina, additional, Mahon, Clare S., additional, McGurk, Christopher J., additional, Hofmann, Thilo, additional, Kormoker, Tapos, additional, Iniguez, Volga, additional, Guzman-Otazo, Jessica, additional, Tavares, Jean L., additional, Gildasio De Figueiredo, Francisco, additional, Razzolini, Maria T. P., additional, Dougnon, Victorien, additional, Gbaguidi, Gildas, additional, Traoré, Oumar, additional, Blais, Jules M., additional, Kimpe, Linda E., additional, Wong, Michelle, additional, Wong, Donald, additional, Ntchantcho, Romaric, additional, Pizarro, Jaime, additional, Ying, Guang-Guo, additional, Chen, Chang-Er, additional, Páez, Martha, additional, Martínez-Lara, Jina, additional, Otamonga, Jean-Paul, additional, Poté, John, additional, Ifo, Suspense A., additional, Wilson, Penelope, additional, Echeverría-Sáenz, Silvia, additional, Udikovic-Kolic, Nikolina, additional, Milakovic, Milena, additional, Fatta-Kassinos, Despo, additional, Ioannou-Ttofa, Lida, additional, Belušová, Vladimíra, additional, Vymazal, Jan, additional, Cárdenas-Bustamante, María, additional, Kassa, Bayable A., additional, Garric, Jeanne, additional, Chaumot, Arnaud, additional, Gibba, Peter, additional, Kunchulia, Ilia, additional, Seidensticker, Sven, additional, Lyberatos, Gerasimos, additional, Halldórsson, Halldór P., additional, Melling, Molly, additional, Shashidhar, Thatikonda, additional, Lamba, Manisha, additional, Nastiti, Anindrya, additional, Supriatin, Adee, additional, Pourang, Nima, additional, Abedini, Ali, additional, Abdullah, Omar, additional, Gharbia, Salem S., additional, Pilla, Francesco, additional, Chefetz, Benny, additional, Topaz, Tom, additional, Yao, Koffi Marcellin, additional, Aubakirova, Bakhyt, additional, Beisenova, Raikhan, additional, Olaka, Lydia, additional, Mulu, Jemimah K., additional, Chatanga, Peter, additional, Ntuli, Victor, additional, Blama, Nathaniel T., additional, Sherif, Sheck, additional, Aris, Ahmad Zaharin, additional, Looi, Ley Juen, additional, Niang, Mahamoudane, additional, Traore, Seydou T., additional, Oldenkamp, Rik, additional, Ogunbanwo, Olatayo, additional, Ashfaq, Muhammad, additional, Iqbal, Muhammad, additional, Abdeen, Ziad, additional, O’Dea, Aaron, additional, Morales-Saldaña, Jorge Manuel, additional, Custodio, María, additional, de la Cruz, Heidi, additional, Navarrete, Ian, additional, Carvalho, Fabio, additional, Gogra, Alhaji Brima, additional, Koroma, Bashiru M., additional, Cerkvenik-Flajs, Vesna, additional, Gombač, Mitja, additional, Thwala, Melusi, additional, Choi, Kyungho, additional, Kang, Habyeong, additional, Ladu, John L. Celestino, additional, Rico, Andreu, additional, Amerasinghe, Priyanie, additional, Sobek, Anna, additional, Horlitz, Gisela, additional, Zenker, Armin K., additional, King, Alex C., additional, Jiang, Jheng-Jie, additional, Kariuki, Rebecca, additional, Tumbo, Madaka, additional, Tezel, Ulas, additional, Onay, Turgut T., additional, Lejju, Julius B., additional, Vystavna, Yuliya, additional, Vergeles, Yuriy, additional, Heinzen, Horacio, additional, Pérez-Parada, Andrés, additional, Sims, Douglas B., additional, Figy, Maritza, additional, Good, David, additional, and Teta, Charles, additional

Published
2022
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30. Occurrence, Source Estimation and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Seawaters from of the Quintero Industrial Complex (Valparaíso, Chile)

Author

Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, primary, Zapata, Javier, additional, Perez-venegas, Diego, additional, Vargas, Rosario, additional, Latorre-Padilla, Nicolas, additional, Luarte, Thais, additional, Ahrendt, Camila, additional, Hirmas-Olivares, Andrea, additional, Gomez-Aburto, Victoria, additional, Tapia, Paula, additional, Isamit, Valentina, additional, Arce, Paulina, additional, and Pozo, Karla, additional

Published
2022
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31. A protocol for wide-scope non-target analysis of contaminants in small amounts of biota using bead beating tissuelyser extraction and LC-HRMS

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Díaz-Cruz, M. Silvia [0000-0003-3331-4076], Gil-Solsona, Rubén, Rodriguez-Mozaz, Sara, Díaz-Cruz, M. Silvia, Sunyer-Caldú, Adrià, Luarte, T., Höfer, J., Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Gago-Ferrero, Pablo, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Díaz-Cruz, M. Silvia [0000-0003-3331-4076], Gil-Solsona, Rubén, Rodriguez-Mozaz, Sara, Díaz-Cruz, M. Silvia, Sunyer-Caldú, Adrià, Luarte, T., Höfer, J., Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, and Gago-Ferrero, Pablo

Abstract

This work describes a robust and powerful method for wide-scope target and non-target analysis of xenobiotics in biota samples based on bead beating tissuelyser extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and further detection by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Unlike target methodologies, non-target methods usually aim at determining a wide range of still unknown substances with different physicochemical properties. Therefore, losses during the extraction process were minimised. Apart from that, the reduction of possible interferences showed to be necessary to expand the number of compounds that can be detected. This was achieved with an additional SPE clean-up step carried out with mixed-bed multi-layered cartridges. The method was validated with a set of 27 compounds covering a wide range of physicochemical properties, and further applied to the analysis of krill and fish samples. •The bead beating extraction was efficient for a wide range of organic pollutants in small quantities of biota samples. •Multi-layered solid phase extraction clean-up yield a wide xenobiotics coverage reducing matrix effects. •Method validation with 27 compounds led to a suitable method for non-target analysis of organic pollutants in biota.

Published
2021

33. Legacy and novel flame retardants from indoor dust in Antarctica: Sources and human exposure

Author

Corsolini, Simonetta, primary, Metzdorff, América, additional, Baroni, Davide, additional, Roscales, Jose L., additional, Jiménez, Begoña, additional, Cerro-Gálvez, Elena, additional, Dachs, Jordi, additional, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, additional, Audy, Ondřej, additional, Kohoutek, Jiří, additional, Přibylova, Petra, additional, Poblete-Morales, Matias, additional, Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben, additional, Bergami, Elisa, additional, and Pozo, Karla, additional

Published
2021
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34. Sources and diffusive air–water exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an oligotrophic North–Patagonian lake

Author

Tucca, Felipe, Luarte, Thais, Nimptsch, Jorge, Woelfl, Stefan, Pozo, Karla, Casas, Gemma, Dachs, Jordi, Barra, Ricardo, Chiang, Gustavo, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Tucca, Felipe, Luarte, Thais, Nimptsch, Jorge, Woelfl, Stefan, Pozo, Karla, Casas, Gemma, Dachs, Jordi, Barra, Ricardo, Chiang, Gustavo, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are semivolatile organic compounds of environmental concern. This study aims to investigate the influence of local sources of anthropogenic PAHs and their air–water exchange fluxes in an oligotrophic North–Patagonian lake in Chile. The monitoring was carried out in Panguipulli Lake during a six-month period during the autumn and winter seasons (March to August 2017) using a high–volume air sampler and a pump system for water samples. We detected and quantified fifteen PAHs in the gas phase (mean ∑PAHs = 11.6 ng m) and dissolved water phase (mean ∑PAHs = 961.8 pg L). Methylphenanthrenes and pyrene dominated the concentrations of PAHs in the studied phases. To determine sources of PAHs we used the PAH ratios of Light Molecular Weight/Heavy Molecular Weight (∑LMW/∑HMW) and Phenanthrene/Anthracene (Phe/Ant). The PAH ratio results revealed a pyrogenic source. We estimated the air–water diffusive exchange fluxes and fugacity ratios for the studied compounds. In general, air–water diffusive exchanges of PAHs showed a net volatilization for the less hydrophobic (log K < 4) and lighter PAHs (MW ≤ 170 g mol), and a net deposition trend for the more hydrophobic (log K 4–7) and higher molecular weight PAHs (MW ≥ 178 g mol). We found a significant correlation between log water/air fugacity ratios and log K of PAHs. Therefore, it is suggested that this oligotrophic lake acts as a sink by accumulating hydrophobic and mid-high molecular weight PAHs derived mainly from pyrogenic sources. This study is the first attempt to understand the sources and behavior of PAHs in oligotrophic lakes in the Southern Chile where information is scarce regarding the occurrence of PAHs.

Published
2020

37. Monitoring the occurrence of microplastic ingestion in Otariids along the Peruvian and Chilean coasts

Author

Perez-Venegas, Diego J., primary, Toro-Valdivieso, Constanza, additional, Ayala, Félix, additional, Brito, Beatriz, additional, Iturra, Lunna, additional, Arriagada, Maite, additional, Seguel, Mauricio, additional, Barrios, Carmen, additional, Sepúlveda, Maritza, additional, Oliva, Doris, additional, Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana, additional, Urbina, Mauricio A., additional, Jorquera, Alberto, additional, Castro-Nallar, Eduardo, additional, and Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, additional

Published
2020
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38. Persistent organic pollutants in Antarctica

Author

Corsolini, Simonetta, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, and Carmela Montone, Rosalinda

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are carbon-based chemicals of anthropogenic origin that elicit toxic effects in organisms. For this reason, the United Nations Environment Programme implemented the Stockholm Convention on POPs in 2004 to protect human health and the environment. Due to their physical-chemical properties, POPs are readily transported mainly by atmosphere or ocean currents over long distances, including polar regions, where these chemicals are trapped because of the extreme cold climate. Once in the Antarctic region, they bioaccumulate in organisms and can elicit toxic effects. Antarctic and Southern Ocean ecosystems are fragile and have low resilience capacity, thus contamination can have unpredictable consequences. Moreover, global climate change may influence the abiotic drivers of chemical distribution and mobility in Antarctic ecosystems. Thus, a knowledge of concentrations and distributions of contaminants is necessary to understand the risk to Antarctica and for evaluating the overall environmental health and other possible consequences on a global scale., Bioaccumulation Food webs Global change Long range atmospheric transport Persistant organic pollutants

Published
2019
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43. Toxicity of natural mixtures of organic pollutants in temperate and polar marine phytoplankton

Author

Eusko Jaurlaritza, Govern de les Illes Balears, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Echeveste, Pedro, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Dachs, Jordi, Berrojalbiz, Naiara, Agustí, Susana, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Govern de les Illes Balears, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Echeveste, Pedro, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Dachs, Jordi, Berrojalbiz, Naiara, and Agustí, Susana

Abstract

Semivolatile and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) undergo atmospheric transport before being deposited to the oceans, where they partition to phytoplankton organic matter. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity of naturally occurring complex mixtures of organic pollutants to temperate and polar phytoplankton communities from the Mediterranean Sea, the North East (NE) Atlantic, and Southern Oceans. The cell abundance of the different phytoplankton groups, chlorophyll a concentrations, viability of the cells, and growth and decay constants were monitored in response to addition of a range of concentrations of mixtures of organic pollutants obtained from seawater extracts. Almost all of the phytoplankton groups were significantly affected by the complex mixtures of non-polar and polar organic pollutants, with toxicity being greater for these mixtures than for single POPs or simple POP mixtures. Cocktails' toxicity arose at concentrations as low as tenfold the field oceanic levels, probably due to a higher chemical activity of the mixture than of simple POPs mixtures. Overall, smaller cells were the most affected, although Mediterranean picophytoplankton was significantly more tolerant to non-polar POPs than picophytoplankton from the Atlantic Ocean or the Bellingshausen Sea microphytoplankton.

Published
2016

46. Biogeochemical controls of the transport and cycling of persistent organic pollutants in the polar oceans

Author

Galbán Malagón, Cristóbal, Dachs, Jordi, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica, Marítima i Ambiental

Subjects
Enginyeria civil [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Contaminants persistents, Mar -- Contaminació, Oceanografia
Abstract

Humanity is currently using more than 200000 synthetic organic compounds in many industrial, agricultural and domestic applications. Many of these chemicals reach the environment and have a harmful effect on ecosystems and humans. Among them, the group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) comprises several families of compounds that have physical and chemical properties that give them the ability to be distributed and impact globally (semivolatility, high persistence and bioaccumulation capacity due to their hydrophobicity). In the present thesis, the coupling of atmospheric transport and biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic and Southern Ocean has been studied for Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Three oceanographic cruises were conducted, one in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean (2007) and two in the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula (2008 and 2009). During these campaigns, air (gas and particulate), water (dissolved and particulate) and biota (phytoplankton) were sampled simultaneously allowing to report a complete picture of POPs cycling in polar areas. In the case of the Southern Ocean, the largest data set available for PCBs, HCH and HCB has been generated. The atmospheric and seawater concentrations were low, among the lowest reported for the Polar Oceans, and in the case of the Southern Ocean there is a clear historical trend of decreasing concentrations, consistent with reduced emissions in source regions. Long range atmospheric transport was identified as the main POPs input to polar ecosystems agreeing with previous works. However, it has been found that secondary local sources from soil and snow influences strongly the atmospheric concentrations overland in the Antarctic region, and over the adjacent Southern ocean in the case of HCHs. Atmospheric residence times calculated from the measurements were in agreement with the prediction from environmental fate models. The atmospheric residence times were longer for the less hydrophobic PCBs and shorter for the more hydrophobic, consistent with the role of the biological pump sequestering atmospheric PCBs. Once POPs reach the Polar regions the main route of entry of these compounds to surface waters is by atmospheric deposition, mainly by diffusive exchange between the gas and dissolved phase with minor contributions from dry deposition of aerosol bound POPs. Estimated bioconcentration factors revealed that concentration of POPs in phytoplankton were correlated with the chemical hydrophobicity, but some discrepancies with model predictions were observed. The biological and degradative pumps are identified as the two main processes that control the fate and occurrence of POPs in the surface water column, and also are able to modulate the atmospheric transport of POPs to remote areas. POPs such HCHs are prone to be efficiently degraded by bacterial communities in surface waters, depleting the seawater concentrations and increasing the diffusive air-water exchange to the Arctic and Southern Ocean. Conversely, the biological pump decreases the dissolved phase concentrations of the more hydrophobic PCB congeners increasing the air to water fugacity gradients and enhancing the diffusive air-water exchange fluxes. This is the first time that the influence of the biological pump on POP cycling is demonstrated for Oceanic waters. Finally, HCB was close to air-water equilibrium showing that neither the biological and degradative pumps are efficient sequestration processes for the highly persistent and mid-hydrophobic compounds. Overall, the results show clearly that biogeochemical processes occurring in the water column affect the atmospheric deposition and long range transport of POPs to remote regions.The magnitude of these processes may show a clear seasonality and are suitable to be perturbed under the current scenario of climate change., En la actualidad se usan en aplicaciones domésticas más de 200.000 compuestos orgánicos sintéticos. Muchos de estos compuestos químicos que se liberan al medio ambiente son nocivos para el medio ambiente y los humanos. Entre estos compuestos se encuentran los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) que comprenden una serie de familias de compuestos que comparten una serie de características físico-químicas que les permiten estar distribuidos globalmente (semivolatilidad, elevada persistencia y capacidad de bioacumulacion por sus características hidrofóbicas). En la presente tesis doctoral se ha estudiado en profundidad el acoplamiento entre el transporte atmosférico y los ciclos biogeoquímicos Hexaclorociclohexanos (HCHs), Hexaclorobenceno (HCB) y Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs) en los Océanos Polar Ártico y Polar Antártico. Durante esta tesis se han realizado tres campañas oceanográficas, una al Atlántico Norte y al Océano Polar Ártico (2007), y dos en el Océano Polar Antártico y en aguas circundantes a la Peninsula Antártica (2008 y 2009). Durante estas tres campañas oceanográficas se han tomado muestras de aire (gas y particulado), agua (disuelto y particulado) y biota (fitoplankton) de forma simultánea lo que permitió tener una amplio conocimiento de el ciclo de los COPs en zonas polares. En el caso de el Océano Polar Antártico y en aguas circundantes a la Peninsula Antártica se ha generado la mayor cantidad de datos en un mismo trabajo, incluso se han generado datos que hasta ahora no se habían publicado como las concentraciones de fitoplankton. La concentraciones medidas en el la atmósgera y aguas superficiales fueron bajas, siendo en algunos casos las concentraciones más bajas jamás encontradas en el océano polares, en el caso de el Océano Polar Antártico se ha encontrado una significativa tendencia histórica de concentraciones decrecientos lo cual es consistente con la reducción de emisiones de COPs en origen. El transporte atmosférico a larga distancia ha sido identificado como la vía de entrada principal de entrada de los COPs a sistemas polares. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado que hay fuentes secundarias provenientes de el suelo y la nieve con una clara influencia sobre las concentraciones atmosféricas en zonas de el continente Antártico y aguas costeras adyacentes en el caso de los HCHs. Los tiempos de residencia atmosférica calculados están en los mismos rangos con los modelos predictivos. Los tiempos de residencia atmosférica fieron más largos para los compuestos menos hidrofóbicos y más cortos para los más hidrófobicos lo cual es consistente con la bomba biológica. Una vez estos compuestos alcanzan las regions polares la principal ruta de entrada de estos compuestos al agua superficial es por deposición atmosférica, principalmente por intercambio difusivo entre la fase gas y la fase disuelta, se ha comprobado que la contribución de la deposición seca es significativamente menor. Los factores de bioconcentración revelaron que la concentración de COPs en el fitoplankton se correlacionaba con la hidrofobicidad química, pero se encontraron discrepancias con los modelos predictivos. Las bombas biológica y degradative han sido identificadas como los dos procesos principals que controlan el destino y ocurrencia de COPs en la columna de agua superficial e incluso son capaces de modular el transporte atmosférico de COPs a areas remotes. COPs como los HCHs son eficientemente degradados por las comunidades bacterianas de aguas superficiales disminuyendo su concentraciéon aumentando los flujos difusivos de deposición entre la fase gas y la superficie disuelta en el Océano Polar Antártico y en aguas circundantes a la Peninsula Antártica. Por otro lado, la bomba biológica disminuye las concentraciones de el disuelto de los COPs más hidrofóbicos aumentando el gradiente de fugacidades y favoreciendo la deposición por intercambio difusivo aire-agua. La presente tesis es la primera que ha demostrado la influencia de la bomba biológica influye de forma significativa el ciclo de los COPs.El HCB se ha encontrado en equilibrio en ambas zonas de estudio y no se ha demostrado que hubiera influencia de la bomba biológica o de procesos degradativos en aguas superficiales. Como conclusion final se ha demostrado a través de los resultados que los procesos biogeoquímicos en la columna de agua afectan a la deposición atmosférica y el transporte a larga distancia de COPs a regiones remotas. La magnitud de estos procesos muestra una clara estacionalidad que puede ser perturbada en un actual escenario de cambio climático.

Published
2013

50. Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

Author

Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Del Vento, Sabino, Cabrerizo, Ana, Dachs, Jordi, Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal, Del Vento, Sabino, Cabrerizo, Ana, and Dachs, Jordi

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, reach the Southern Ocean atmosphere through long-range atmospheric transport. In this study we report the largest dataset available for the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs in the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula from samples obtained during three cruises in 2005, 2008 and 2009. The gas phase concentrations of total PCBs (Sigma;25PCBs) ranged from 1 to 70 pg m-3, while the aerosol phase concentrations were significantly lower (0.04 to 0.4 pg m-3). The aerosol phase is enriched in the more hydrophobic congeners consistent with the model predictions of gas-particle partitioning. There is a net air-to-water diffusive flux of PCBs to the Southern Ocean, up to 100 times higher than the dry deposition flux of aerosol-bound PCBs. The air-water disequilibrium is higher for the more hydrophobic congeners consistent with the role of the biological pump removing PCBs from the water column by settling of PCBs bound to organic matter. The atmospheric half-lives of PCB 52 and 180 are of 3.8 and 1 days, respectively, as calculated from the measured atmospheric concentration and depositional fluxes. The volatilization of PCBs from Antarctic soils during the austral summer drives higher gas phase concentrations in the atmosphere over Antarctica during the warmer periods. This temperature dependence is not observed for PCBs over the adjacent Southern Ocean, probably due to the importance of long-range atmospheric transport and atmospheric deposition modulating the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs. © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

Published
2013

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