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Betamethasone, a fluorinated and synthetic steroid, is a commonly used glucocorticoid. To our knowledge, no available studies exist concerning the hyperlipidemic effect of betamethasone dipropionate (BDP) in rabbits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to highlight the effects of intramuscular injection of BDP on lipid profile in rabbits, investigate the possible mechanism underlying the produced effects and evaluate the possible antihyperlipidemic effect of atorvastatin (ATR) and fenofibrate (FFB). For this purpose, twenty male New Zealand rabbits were classified into control, BDP (0.5 ml/kg B.wt/ IM/day/single dose), BDP+ATR; rabbits were IM injected with BDP, then they were orally given ATR (1.9 mg./kg. B.wt./ once/ day/ month) and group IV (BDP+FFB); rabbits were IM injected with BDP then they were orally given FFB (7.5 mg/kg B.wt/ once/ day/ month). The obtained result revealed that single IM injection of BDP produced a significant elevation in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL level with a significant decline in HDL in comparison to control group on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th day of the experiment. On the 30th day of the experiment there was an increase in the ALT, AST, MDA, VCAM-1 as well as a significant decrease in TAC. Furthermore, BDP induced a significant increase in HMG-COA reductase gene expression and a significant decrease in lipoprotein lipase gene expression. Oral administration of ATR or FFB concurrently with BDP for a month succeeded in reducing the hyperlipidemia induced by BDP in rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is the innovative and evolving technology with enormous potential for global revolutionization of animal sector. It offers the same opportunities for veterinarians as physicians, including therapy, diagnostics, tissue engineering, manufacturing of vaccines, and modern disinfectants. The nano-applications are already in use in animal health and production, animal husbandry and reproduction and animal nutrition. It has the ability for solving several problems associated with animal health. This review will throw the light on nanoparticles synthesis, classification, characterization, and their applications in veterinary field starting from medical applications to using the nanoparticles in animal nutrition and reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) has been used for a long time as an antipyretic and analgesic. Nevertheless, aspirin use is associated with severe morbidity and death because of its detrimental impacts on several organs, including the liver, kidneys, and stomach. The current investigation sought to ascertain the influence of thymol in mitigating aspirin-mediated gastric and hepato-renal injury. This was done by 1) evaluating gastric juice volume and pH as well as pepsin and prostaglandin E2 level; 2) measuring serum biochemical parameters and proinflammatory cytokines; 3) determining tissue oxidant/antioxidant status, and 4) identifying a link with gastric, hepatic and renal histopathological changes. Forty-eight rats were segregated to six groups: normal control, Th100, Th200, ASA, Th100 + ASA, Th200 + ASA. Daily administration of aspirin (ASA, 150 mg/kg body weight) for 3 successive days induced a significant increase in gastric juice volume, pepsin activity, serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase, and tissue malondialdehyde levels. In contrast, a significant reduction in gastric pH, prostaglandin E2, tissue non-enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione), and enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) levels. These biochemical changes were accompanied by histological modifications that included changes to the normal gastric, hepatic, and renal architectures. Pretreatment and simultaneous oral treatment with thymol (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) plus ASA significantly improved all biochemical and histological changes in a dose-dependent way. Thymol's antiinflammatory and antioxidative properties may contribute to its protective action. As a result, thymol may represent a promising medication for preventing aspirin-induced gastric, liver, and renal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on testicular function and oxidant/antioxidant status in normal and deltamethrin‐intoxicated rats. Forty adult male rats were drenched either with normal saline, CV (50 mg/kg), deltamethrin (DM) (3 mg/kg), or CV combined with DM, daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the protocol, the epididymal sperm quality was evaluated and the testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzyme (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the serum testosterone levels were estimated. Normal rats treated with CV showed a significant increase in the total sperm number/epididymal tail, testicular SOD, and CAT levels with a significant decrease in the testicular MDA. Deltamethrin intoxication significantly decreased the proportions of motile and live sperm, the testosterone concentration, the testicular SOD and CAT levels, whereas it significantly increased the proportion of abnormal sperm and the testicular MDA. Chlorella vulgaris treatment significantly ameliorated the adverse effects of DM‐intoxication and restored most of the parameters to levels that are comparable to those of the control group. In conclusion, CV administration improved the testicular function of normal rats and ameliorated the effect of severe oxidative stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]