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204 results on '"Gaillard, M. J."'

1. Electron-loss and target ionization cross sections for water vapor by 20-150 keV neutral atomic hydrogen impact

Author

Gobet, F., Eden, S., Coupier, B., Tabet, J., Farizon, B., Farizon, M., Gaillard, M. J., Ouaskit, S., Carré, M., and Mark, T. D.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

A complete set of cross sections is reported for the ionization of water molecules by neutral atomic hydrogen impact at velocities of the order of the Bragg peak. The measured relative cross sections are normalized by comparison with proton impact results for the same target conditions and previous absolute data. Event by event coincidence analysis of the product ions and the projectile enables partial cross sections for target ionization and target plus projectile ionization to be determined, as well as total cross sections for electron loss reactions., Comment: To be published in Chemical Physics Letters

Published
2006
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2. Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model: A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Author

Serge, M., primary, Mazier, F., additional, Fyfe, R., additional, Gaillard, M.-J., additional, Klein, T., additional, Lagnoux, A., additional, Galop, D., additional, Githumbi, E., additional, Mindrescu, M., additional, Nielsen, A., additional, Trondman, A.-K., additional, Poska, A., additional, Sugita, S., additional, Woodbridge, J., additional, Abel-Schaad, D., additional, Åkesson, C., additional, Alenius, T., additional, Ammann, B., additional, Andersen, S., additional, Anderson, R., additional, Andrič, M., additional, Balakauskas, L., additional, Barnekow, L., additional, Batalova, V., additional, Bergman, J., additional, Birks, H., additional, Björkman, L., additional, Bjune, A., additional, Borisova, O., additional, Broothaerts, N., additional, Carrion, J., additional, Caseldine, C., additional, Christiansen, J., additional, Cui, Q., additional, Currás, A., additional, Czerwiński, S., additional, David, R., additional, Davies, A., additional, De Jong, R., additional, Di Rita, F., additional, Dietre, B., additional, Dörfler, W., additional, Doyen, E., additional, Edwards, K., additional, Ejarque, A., additional, Endtmann, E., additional, Etienne, D., additional, Faure, E., additional, Feeser, I., additional, Feurdean, A., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Fletcher, W., additional, Franco-Múgica, F., additional, Fredh, E., additional, Froyd, C., additional, Garcés-Pastor, S., additional, García-Moreiras, I., additional, Gauthier, E., additional, Gil-Romera, G., additional, González-Sampériz, P., additional, Grant, M., additional, Grindean, R., additional, Haas, J., additional, Hannon, G., additional, Heather, A.-J., additional, Heikkilä, M., additional, Hjelle, K., additional, Jahns, S., additional, Jasiunas, N., additional, Jiménez-Moreno, G., additional, Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., additional, Kabailienė, M., additional, Kamerling, I., additional, Kangur, M., additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., additional, Kasianova, A., additional, Kołaczek, P., additional, Lagerås, P., additional, Latalowa, M., additional, Lechterbeck, J., additional, Leroyer, C., additional, Leydet, M., additional, Lindbladh, M., additional, Lisitsyna, O., additional, López-Sáez, J.-A., additional, Lowe, John, additional, Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., additional, Lukanina, E., additional, Macijauskaitė, L., additional, Magri, D., additional, Marguerie, D., additional, Marquer, L., additional, Martinez-Cortizas, A., additional, Mehl, I., additional, Mesa-Fernández, J., additional, Mighall, T., additional, Miola, A., additional, Miras, Y., additional, Morales-Molino, C., additional, Mrotzek, A., additional, Sobrino, C., additional, Odgaard, B., additional, Ozola, I., additional, Pérez-Díaz, S., additional, Pérez-Obiol, R., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rego, P., additional, Ramos-Román, M., additional, Rasmussen, P., additional, Reille, M., additional, Rösch, M., additional, Ruffaldi, P., additional, Goni, M., additional, Savukynienė, N., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Schult, M., additional, Segerström, U., additional, Seppä, H., additional, Vives, G., additional, Shumilovskikh, L., additional, Smettan, H., additional, Stancikaite, M., additional, Stevenson, A., additional, Stivrins, N., additional, Tantau, I., additional, Theuerkauf, M., additional, Tonkov, S., additional, van der Knaap, W., additional, van Leeuwen, J., additional, Vecmane, E., additional, Verstraeten, G., additional, Veski, S., additional, Voigt, R., additional, Von Stedingk, H., additional, Waller, M., additional, Wiethold, J., additional, Willis, K., additional, Wolters, S., additional, and Zernitskaya, V., additional

Published
2023
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3. Testing the Effect of Relative Pollen Productivity on the REVEALS Model: A Validated Reconstruction of Europe-Wide Holocene Vegetation

Author

European Commission, Serge, M. A., Mazier, F., Fyfe, R., Gaillard, M. J., Klein, T., Lagnoux, A., Galop, D., Githumbi, E., Mindrescu, M., Nielsen, A. B., Trondman, A. K., Barnekow, L., Batalova, V., Bergman, J., Birks, H. John B., Björkman, L., Bjune, A. E., Borisova, O., Broothaerts, N., Carrion, J., Caseldine, C., Grindean, R., Christiansen, J., Cui, Q., Currás, Andrés, Czerwiński, S., David, R., Davies, A. L., De Jong, R., Di Rita, F., Dietre, B., Dörfler, W., Haas, J. N., Doyen, E., Edwards, K. J., Ejarque, A., Endtmann, E., Etienne, D., Faure, E., Feeser, I., Feurdean, A., Fischer, E., Fletcher, W., Hannon, G., Franco-Múgica, F., Fredh, E. D., Froyd, C., Garcés-Pastor, S., García-Moreiras, I., Gauthier, E., Gil-Romera, Graciela, González-Sampériz, Penélope, Grant, M. J., Heather, A. J., Heikkilä, M., Hjelle, K., Jahns, S., Jasiunas, N., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., Sobrino, C. Muñoz, Kabailienė, M., Kamerling, I. M., Kangur, M., Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., Kasianova, A., Kołaczek, P., Lagerås, P., Latalowa, M., Lechterbeck, J., Leroyer, C., Odgaard, B., Leydet, M., Lindbladh, M., Lisitsyna, O., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lowe, John, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Lukanina, E., Macijauskaitė, L., Magri, D., Marguerie, D., Ozola, I., Marquer, L., Martínez Cortizas, Antonio, Mehl, I., Mesa-Fernández, J. M., Mighall, Tim, Miola, A., Miras, Y., Morales-Molino, C., Mrotzek, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Pérez-Obiol, R. P., Poggi, C., Rego, P. Ramil, Ramos-Román, M. J., Rasmussen, P., Reille, M., Poska, A., Rösch, M., Ruffaldi, P., Goni, M. Sánchez, Savukynienė, N., Schröder, T., Schult, M., Segerström, U., Seppä, H., Vives, G. Servera, Shumilovskikh, L., Sugita, S., Smettan, H. W., Stancikaite, M., Stevenson, A. C., Stivrins, N., Tantau, I., Theuerkauf, M., Tonkov, S., van der Knaap, W. O., van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Vecmane, E., Woodbridge, J., Verstraeten, G., Veski, S., Voigt, R., Von Stedingk, H., Waller, M. P., Wiethold, J., Willis, K. J., Wolters, S., Zernitskaya, V. P., Abel-Schaad, D., Åkesson, C., Alenius, T., Ammann, B., Andersen, S. T., Anderson, R. Scott, Andrič, M., Balakauskas, L., European Commission, Serge, M. A., Mazier, F., Fyfe, R., Gaillard, M. J., Klein, T., Lagnoux, A., Galop, D., Githumbi, E., Mindrescu, M., Nielsen, A. B., Trondman, A. K., Barnekow, L., Batalova, V., Bergman, J., Birks, H. John B., Björkman, L., Bjune, A. E., Borisova, O., Broothaerts, N., Carrion, J., Caseldine, C., Grindean, R., Christiansen, J., Cui, Q., Currás, Andrés, Czerwiński, S., David, R., Davies, A. L., De Jong, R., Di Rita, F., Dietre, B., Dörfler, W., Haas, J. N., Doyen, E., Edwards, K. J., Ejarque, A., Endtmann, E., Etienne, D., Faure, E., Feeser, I., Feurdean, A., Fischer, E., Fletcher, W., Hannon, G., Franco-Múgica, F., Fredh, E. D., Froyd, C., Garcés-Pastor, S., García-Moreiras, I., Gauthier, E., Gil-Romera, Graciela, González-Sampériz, Penélope, Grant, M. J., Heather, A. J., Heikkilä, M., Hjelle, K., Jahns, S., Jasiunas, N., Jiménez-Moreno, G., Jouffroy-Bapicot, I., Sobrino, C. Muñoz, Kabailienė, M., Kamerling, I. M., Kangur, M., Karpińska-Kołaczek, M., Kasianova, A., Kołaczek, P., Lagerås, P., Latalowa, M., Lechterbeck, J., Leroyer, C., Odgaard, B., Leydet, M., Lindbladh, M., Lisitsyna, O., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lowe, John, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Lukanina, E., Macijauskaitė, L., Magri, D., Marguerie, D., Ozola, I., Marquer, L., Martínez Cortizas, Antonio, Mehl, I., Mesa-Fernández, J. M., Mighall, Tim, Miola, A., Miras, Y., Morales-Molino, C., Mrotzek, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Pérez-Obiol, R. P., Poggi, C., Rego, P. Ramil, Ramos-Román, M. J., Rasmussen, P., Reille, M., Poska, A., Rösch, M., Ruffaldi, P., Goni, M. Sánchez, Savukynienė, N., Schröder, T., Schult, M., Segerström, U., Seppä, H., Vives, G. Servera, Shumilovskikh, L., Sugita, S., Smettan, H. W., Stancikaite, M., Stevenson, A. C., Stivrins, N., Tantau, I., Theuerkauf, M., Tonkov, S., van der Knaap, W. O., van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Vecmane, E., Woodbridge, J., Verstraeten, G., Veski, S., Voigt, R., Von Stedingk, H., Waller, M. P., Wiethold, J., Willis, K. J., Wolters, S., Zernitskaya, V. P., Abel-Schaad, D., Åkesson, C., Alenius, T., Ammann, B., Andersen, S. T., Anderson, R. Scott, Andrič, M., and Balakauskas, L.

Abstract

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity.

Published
2023

6. A multidisciplinary study of the lake Bjäresjösjön (S Sweden): land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations during the last 3000 years

Author

Gaillard, M.-J., Dearing, J. A., El-Daoushy, F., Enell, M., Håkansson, H., Dumont, H. J., editor, Smith, J. P., editor, Appleby, P. G., editor, Battarbee, R. W., editor, Dearing, J. A., editor, Flower, R., editor, Haworth, E. Y., editor, Oldfield, F., editor, and O’Sullivan, P. E., editor

Published
1991
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9. Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data

Author

Power, M. J., Marlon, J., Ortiz, N., Bartlein, P. J., Harrison, S. P., Mayle, F. E., Ballouche, A., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Carcaillet, C., Cordova, C., Mooney, S., Moreno, P. I., Prentice, I. C., Thonicke, K., Tinner, W., Whitlock, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ali, A. A., Anderson, R. S., Beer, R., Behling, H., Briles, C., Brown, K. J., Brunelle, A., Bush, M., Camill, P., Chu, G. Q., Clark, J., Colombaroli, D., Connor, S., Daniau, A.-L., Daniels, M., Dodson, J., Doughty, E., Edwards, M. E., Finsinger, W., Foster, D., Frechette, J., Gaillard, M.-J., Gavin, D. G., Gobet, E., Haberle, S., Hallett, D. J., Higuera, P., Hope, G., Horn, S., Inoue, J., Kaltenrieder, P., Kennedy, L., Kong, Z. C., Larsen, C., Long, C. J., Lynch, J., Lynch, E. A., McGlone, M., Meeks, S., Mensing, S., Meyer, G., Minckley, T., Mohr, J., Nelson, D. M., New, J., Newnham, R., Noti, R., Oswald, W., Pierce, J., Richard, P. J. H., Rowe, C., Sanchez Goñi, M. F., Shuman, B. N., Takahara, H., Toney, J., Turney, C., Urrego-Sanchez, D. H., Umbanhowar, C., Vandergoes, M., Vanniere, B., Vescovi, E., Walsh, M., Wang, X., Williams, N., Wilmshurst, J., and Zhang, J. H.

Published
2008
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10. Development and testing scenarios for implementing land use and land cover changes during the Holocene in Earth system model experiments

Author

Harrison, S. P., Gaillard, M.-J., Stocker, B. D., Vander Linden, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Boles, O., Braconnot, P., Dawson, A., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Kaplan, J. O., Kastner, T., Pausata, F. S. R., Robinson, E., Whitehouse, N. J., Madella, M., Morrison, K. D., Harrison, S. P., Gaillard, M.-J., Stocker, B. D., Vander Linden, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Boles, O., Braconnot, P., Dawson, A., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Kaplan, J. O., Kastner, T., Pausata, F. S. R., Robinson, E., Whitehouse, N. J., Madella, M., and Morrison, K. D.

Abstract

Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate. Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to refine these assumptions and estimates. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k initiative is working towards improved reconstructions of LULC globally. In this paper, we document the types of archaeological data that are being collated and how they will be used to improve LULC reconstructions. Given the large methodological uncertainties involved, both in reconstructing LULC from the archaeological data and in implementing these reconstructions into global scenarios of LULC, we propose a protocol to evaluate the revised scenarios using independent pollen-based reconstructions of land cover and climate. Further evaluation of the revised scenarios involves carbon cycle model simulations to determine whether the LULC reconstructions are consistent with constraints provided by ice core records of CO2 evolution and modern-day LULC. Finally, the protocol outlines how the improved LULC reconstructions will be used in palaeoclimate simulations in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on climate through time and ultimately to improve the realism of Holocene climate simulations.

Published
2020

11. Development and testing scenarios for implementing land use and land cover changes during the Holocene in Earth system model experiments

Author

Environmental Sciences, Harrison, S. P., Gaillard, M.-J., Stocker, B. D., Vander Linden, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Boles, O., Braconnot, P., Dawson, A., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Kaplan, J. O., Kastner, T., Pausata, F. S. R., Robinson, E., Whitehouse, N. J., Madella, M., Morrison, K. D., Environmental Sciences, Harrison, S. P., Gaillard, M.-J., Stocker, B. D., Vander Linden, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Boles, O., Braconnot, P., Dawson, A., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Kaplan, J. O., Kastner, T., Pausata, F. S. R., Robinson, E., Whitehouse, N. J., Madella, M., and Morrison, K. D.

Published
2020

20. Finding the magnitude of human-induced Northern Hemisphere land-cover transformation between 6 and 0.2 ka BP

Author

Dawson, Andria, Cao, X., Chaput, M, Hopla, E, Li, F, Edwards, M, Fyfe, R., Gajewski, K, Goring, S. J., Herzschuh, U, Mazier, Florence, Sugita, S., Williams, JW, Xu, Q, Gaillard, M.-J, Mount Royal University, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], University of Southampton, Linnaeus University, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Universität Potsdam, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tallinn University, and Hebei Normal University

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, vegetation, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, pollen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Northern Hemisphere
Abstract

International audience; A spatially explicit pollen-based reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere land cover suggests open land increases of 10 to 100% across large parts of the study area over the period 6 and 0.2 ka BP. This change may have influenced past climate.

Published
2018

22. Modeling past human-induced vegetation change is a challenge – the case of Europe

Author

Marquer, Laurent, Dallmeyer, A, Poska, A, Pongratz, J, Smith, B, Gaillard, M-J, Marquer, Laurent, Dallmeyer, A, Poska, A, Pongratz, J, Smith, B, and Gaillard, M-J

Abstract

Differences between pollen-based reconstructions and dynamic vegetation simulations of past vegetation change in Europe over the last seven millennia are interpreted as being due primarily to land-use change. Incorporating land use in climate and dynamic vegetation models requires new approaches.

Published
2018
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24. High-Energy Heavy Ions in Crystals

Author

Cohen, C., Dural, J., Gaillard, M. J., Genre, R., Grob, J. J., Hage-Ali, M., Kirsch, R., L’Hoir, A., Mory, J., Poizat, J. C., Quere, Y., Remillieux, J., Schmaus, D., Toulemonde, M., Carrigan, Richard A., Jr., editor, and Ellison, James A., editor

Published
1987
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32. Land-use classification

Author

Morrison, Kathleen D, primary, Gaillard, M-J, additional, Madella, M, additional, Whitehouse, N, additional, and Hammer, E, additional

Published
2016
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34. Towards mapping the late Quaternary vegetation change of Europe

Author

Giesecke, T., Davis, B., Brewer, S., Finsinger, W., Wolters, S., Blaauw, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Binney, H., Fyfe, R.M., Gaillard, M.-J., Gil-Romera, G., van der Knaap, W.O., Kunes, P., Kühl, N., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Leydet, M., Lotter, A.F., Ortu, E., Semmler, M., Bradshaw, R.H.W., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palaeoecology Laboratory, University of Southampton-University of Southampton, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Southampton [Southampton]-University of Southampton [Southampton], University of Plymouth-University of Plymouth, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, and Palaeo-ecologie

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Plant Science, 580 Plants (Botany), 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, law.invention, Paleontology, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, law, Plantago lanceolata, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Radiocarbon dating, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, EPD, European pollen database, Age-depth relationships, Age uncertainty, Palaeontology, Earth Sciences, Biogeosciences, Climate Change, Anthropology, Archaeology, Vegetation, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 13. Climate action, European Pollen Database, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), Quaternary, Geology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

23 páginas.- Thomas Giesecke et.al., The number of well-dated pollen diagrams in Europe has increased considerably over the last 30 years and many of them have been submitted to the European Pollen Database (EPD). This allows for the construction of increasingly precise maps of Holocene vegetation change across the continent. Chronological information in the EPD has been expressed in uncalibrated radiocarbon years, and most chronologies to date are based on this time scale. Here we present new chronologies for most of the datasets stored in the EPD based on calibrated radiocarbon years. Age information associated with pollen diagrams is often derived from the pollen stratigraphy itself or from other sedimentological information. We reviewed these chronological tie points and assigned uncertainties to them. The steps taken to generate the new chronologies are described and the rationale for a new classification system for age uncertainties is introduced. The resulting chronologies are fit for most continental-scale questions. They may not provide the best age model for particular sites, but may be viewed as general purpose chronologies. Taxonomic particularities of the data stored in the EPD are explained. An example is given of how the database can be queried to select samples with appropriate age control as well as the suitable taxonomic level to answer a specific research question. The readers are reques, We wish to thank all those who have contributed data to the EPD. Keith Bennett provided valuable comments in discussions and to the manuscript.

Published
2013

35. Application of the landscape reconstruction algorithm on Holocene pollen recors in Cameroon

Author

Gaillard, M. J., Judicaël Lebamba, Shinya Sugita, christelle Hély, Annie Vincens, Guillaume Buchet, Louis Février, Anne-Marie Lézine, Florence Mazier, Omar Doukari, Linnaeus University, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Université de Sciences et Techiques, Tallinn University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gil, Emilie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tallinn, Talinn, Estonia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Holocene, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, pollen, Landscape, Cameroon, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract

International audience; A number of questions related to conservation biology and climate research require quantitative reconstructions of vegetation abundance or land-cover on a long-term historical perspective (e.g. Gaillard et al. 2010, Boyle et al., 2011, Kaplan et al., 2011). In particular, long-term changes in plant composition and abundance play a critical role in land coverclimate feedbacks (e.g. Wramneby et al. 2010) and, along with spatial distribution of species and habitats, they are probably one of the major factors affecting floristic and plant habitat diversity through time (e.g. Jeffers et al. 2011, Willis et al. 2010, Berglund et al., 2008, Willis and Birks, 2006). Jeffers et al. (2011) showed that abrupt changes in environmental conditions over time lead to similarly abrupt changes in tree-grass interaction outcomes. However, traditional percentage pollen records do not allow measuring the true extent of changes in e.g. the relationship between trees’ and herbs’ abundances/cover or other characteristics of plant spatial distributions through time (e.g. Gaillard et al., 2010). In the C3A project, questions related to the history of landscape fragmentation, and its consequences in terms of e.g. past changes in floristic diversity, require that the true abundance of the major plants composing the mountain forest and mixed forest-savanna landscapes of the past is quantified as precisely as possible before anything can be attempted in terms of reconstruction of past spatial distribution of plants or vegetation units, and changes in floristic diversity. In order to attempt a first quantification of Holocene changes in the abundance of major plant taxa of the mountain forest and savannas in Cameroon, we applied the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA; Sugita 2007a and b) using five pollen records from contrasting vegetation regions today, i.e. one large (47 ha) and two small (8, and 25 ha) lakes in the savannas, and one large (198 ha) and one small (16.5 ha) bogs in the mountain forests. So far, the LRA was tested only in Europe using modern and historical pollen-vegetation datasets, and applied on fossil pollen records (e.g. Gaillard et al., 2010, Nielsen et al., 2011). The application of the LRA and its two models REVEALS (Regional Etimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) and LOVE (LOcal Vegetation Estimates) requires values of pollen productivity and fall speed of pollen (FSP) for the plant taxa to be reconstructed. Pollen productivity (PP) can be estimated using modern pollen data and related vegetation inventories and models of the pollen-vegetation relationship, i.e. the Extended R-Value model (ERV-model, e.g. Prentice and Parsons, 1983). Measurements of fall speed of pollen do exist for a number of temperate plant species, but none exist for tropical species. However, reasonable estimates can be obtained by the Stoke’s law on the basis of pollen grains’ mean size (e.g. Broström et al., 2008). FSP and PPs were calculated for only a few taxa of south African savannas (Duffin et al., 2008). We estimated PP for 16 major taxa on the basis of modern pollen data and related vegetation inventories at 21 sites in mountain forests and mixed forest-savannas. Preliminary FSPs for the 16 taxa were calculated on mean values of pollen sizes from the literature and few measures on slides from reference collections. First results indicate that, relatively to Gramineae (grasses), tree taxa such as Schefflera, Combretaceae and Syzygium have very high to high PPEs, while Asteraceae, Urticaceae, Podocarpus, Pavetta, and Bridelia have low to very low PPEs. Alchornea andLophira have PPEs comparable to Gramineae. This implies that Schefflera will tend to be overrepresented while many other trees such as Podocarpus and Bridelia will often be underrepresented by pollen percentages. Poaceae will, as a consequence, be overrepresented compared to trees such as Podocarpus and Pavetta. We applied the LRA using the two large lakes to estimate past regional vegetation abundance (REVEALS model), and the three small sites to estimate the local vegetation abundance (LOVE model). Preliminary results show that the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP sensu Sugita 1994) of the three small sites varies with time between a 500 m -and 5000 m - radius area around the sites, which is the smallest area for which the LRA estimates of vegetation cover are reliable. The LRA reconstruction indicates that the sites located today in mixed forest-savanna were significantly more forested in the past than pollen percentages suggest, in particular before 3000 BP, but also 1500-2000 BP. Podocarpus and Alchornea in particular probably covered more land than pollen assemblages alone would suggest, while grasses covered much less land than its representation in pollen assemblages. Moreover, the change around 3000 BP is more spectacular when LRA estimates are considered. At the sites located in mountain forests today, the regional landscape was dominated by trees during most of the Holocene (REVEALS reconstruction at the large site), while tree pollen decreased in abundance around 3000 BP at the small site (LRA reconstruction). Podocarpus, Schefflera and Alchornea were the major tree pollen taxa. Before 3000 BP, Schefflera is dominant in the pollen assemblage, while Podocarpus is dominant in the LRA reconstruction. Alchornea is slightly better represented in the land cover than in the pollen assemblages. The LRA estimates indicate a later and more rapid increase of Gramineae from 3500 to 4000 BP than the pollen percentages (increase from 4000 BP). After 3000 BP, Schefflera is the dominant tree, although with less percentage cover than pollen percentages. The LRA reconstruction suggests that Podocarpus percentage cover dropped between 3000 and 2500 BP, but reached very low values later than indicated by the pollen percentages , i.e. ca. 2000 BP instead of 2500 BP. In conclusion, the major effect of the LRA correction is to 1) increase the tree/herb relationship before 3000 BP, 2) amplify the extent and rate of increase in Gramineae at the expense of trees around 3000 BP, and 3) inverse the Podocarpus/Schefflera relationship. New ERV-model runs to estimate PPs are in progress. They are based on a revised selection of 20 major taxa and on FSPs calculated from a large number of measurements on modern and fossil pollen grains. New LRA runs are planed with the objective to evaluate the first LRA reconstructions using a larger choice of FSPs and PPEs.

Published
2012

36. Social-ecological systems in the Anthropocene: The need for integrating social and biophysical records at regional scales

Author

Dearing, JA, primary, Acma, B, additional, Bub, S, additional, Chambers, FM, additional, Chen, X, additional, Cooper, J, additional, Crook, D, additional, Dong, XH, additional, Dotterweich, M, additional, Edwards, ME, additional, Foster, TH, additional, Gaillard, M-J, additional, Galop, D, additional, Gell, P, additional, Gil, A, additional, Jeffers, E, additional, Jones, RT, additional, Anupama, K, additional, Langdon, PG, additional, Marchant, R, additional, Mazier, F, additional, McLean, CE, additional, Nunes, LH, additional, Sukumar, R, additional, Suryaprakash, I, additional, Umer, M, additional, Yang, XD, additional, Wang, R, additional, and Zhang, K, additional

Published
2015
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37. Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 and 0.2 k BP : sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation

Author

Strandberg, Gustav, Kjellstrom, Erik, Poska, A., Wagner, S., Gaillard, M. -J, Trondman, A. -K, Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Kaplan, J. O., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A. E., Fyfe, R., Giesecke, T., Kalnina, L., Kangur, M., van der Knaap, W. O., Kokfelt, U., Kunes, P., Latalowa, M., Marquer, L., Mazier, F., Nielsen, A. B., Smith, B., Seppa, H., Sugita, S., Strandberg, Gustav, Kjellstrom, Erik, Poska, A., Wagner, S., Gaillard, M. -J, Trondman, A. -K, Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Kaplan, J. O., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A. E., Fyfe, R., Giesecke, T., Kalnina, L., Kangur, M., van der Knaap, W. O., Kokfelt, U., Kunes, P., Latalowa, M., Marquer, L., Mazier, F., Nielsen, A. B., Smith, B., Seppa, H., and Sugita, S.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the direct effects of anthropogenic deforestation on simulated climate at two contrasting periods in the Holocene, similar to 6 and similar to 0.2 k BP in Europe. We apply We apply the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3, a regional climate model with 50 km spatial resolution, for both time periods, considering three alternative descriptions of the past vegetation: (i) potential natural vegetation (V) simulated by the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS, (ii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land use (deforestation) from the HYDE3.1 (History Database of the Global Environment) scenario (V + H3.1), and (iii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land use from the KK10 scenario (V + KK10). The climate model results show that the simulated effects of deforestation depend on both local/regional climate and vegetation characteristics. At similar to 6 k BP the extent of simulated deforestation in Europe is generally small, but there are areas where deforestation is large enough to produce significant differences in summer temperatures of 0.5-1 degrees C. At similar to 0.2 k BP, extensive deforestation, particularly according to the KK10 model, leads to significant temperature differences in large parts of Europe in both winter and summer. In winter, deforestation leads to lower temperatures because of the differences in albedo between forested and unforested areas, particularly in the snow-covered regions. In summer, deforestation leads to higher temperatures in central and eastern Europe because evapotranspiration from unforested areas is lower than from forests. Summer evaporation is already limited in the southernmost parts of Europe under potential vegetation conditions and, therefore, cannot become much lower. Accordingly, the albedo effect dominates in southern Europe also in summer, which implies that deforestation causes a decrease in temperatures. Differences in summer temperature due to deforestation range from -1 degree

Published
2014
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38. Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 and 0.2 k BP:sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation

Author

Strandberg, G., Kjellstrom, E., Poska, A., Wagner, Stefan, Gaillard, M. -J., Trondman, A. -K., Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Kaplan, J. O., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A. E., Fyfe, R., Giesecke, T., Kalnina, L., Kangur, M., van der Knaap, W. O., Kokfelt, Ulla, Kunes, P., Latalowa, M., Marquer, L., Mazier, F., Nielsen, A. B., Smith, B., Seppa, H., Sugita, S., Strandberg, G., Kjellstrom, E., Poska, A., Wagner, Stefan, Gaillard, M. -J., Trondman, A. -K., Mauri, A., Davis, B. A. S., Kaplan, J. O., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A. E., Fyfe, R., Giesecke, T., Kalnina, L., Kangur, M., van der Knaap, W. O., Kokfelt, Ulla, Kunes, P., Latalowa, M., Marquer, L., Mazier, F., Nielsen, A. B., Smith, B., Seppa, H., and Sugita, S.

Published
2014

39. High-Energy Heavy Ions in Crystals

Author

Cohen, C., primary, Dural, J., additional, Gaillard, M. J., additional, Genre, R., additional, Grob, J. J., additional, Hage-Ali, M., additional, Kirsch, R., additional, L’Hoir, A., additional, Mory, J., additional, Poizat, J. C., additional, Quere, Y., additional, Remillieux, J., additional, Schmaus, D., additional, and Toulemonde, M., additional

Published
1987
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40. Experimental Study of Pair Creation and Radiation in Ge Crystals at Ultrarelativistic Energies (30–200 GeV)

Author

Belkacem, A., primary, Bologna, G., additional, Chevallier, M., additional, Cue, N., additional, Gaillard, M. J., additional, Genre, R., additional, Kimball, J. C., additional, Kirsch, R., additional, Marsh, B., additional, Peigneux, J. P., additional, Poizat, J. C., additional, Remillieux, J., additional, Sillou, D., additional, Spighel, M., additional, and Sun, C. R., additional

Published
1987
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42. Pollen‐based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant‐functional types and land‐cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling

Author

Trondman, A.‐K., primary, Gaillard, M.‐J., additional, Mazier, F., additional, Sugita, S., additional, Fyfe, R., additional, Nielsen, A. B., additional, Twiddle, C., additional, Barratt, P., additional, Birks, H. J. B., additional, Bjune, A. E., additional, Björkman, L., additional, Broström, A., additional, Caseldine, C., additional, David, R., additional, Dodson, J., additional, Dörfler, W., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Geel, B., additional, Giesecke, T., additional, Hultberg, T., additional, Kalnina, L., additional, Kangur, M., additional, Knaap, P., additional, Koff, T., additional, Kuneš, P., additional, Lagerås, P., additional, Latałowa, M., additional, Lechterbeck, J., additional, Leroyer, C., additional, Leydet, M., additional, Lindbladh, M., additional, Marquer, L., additional, Mitchell, F. J. G., additional, Odgaard, B. V., additional, Peglar, S. M., additional, Persson, T., additional, Poska, A., additional, Rösch, M., additional, Seppä, H., additional, Veski, S., additional, and Wick, L., additional

Published
2014
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43. Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 and 0.2 k BP: sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation

Author

Strandberg, G., primary, Kjellström, E., additional, Poska, A., additional, Wagner, S., additional, Gaillard, M.-J., additional, Trondman, A.-K., additional, Mauri, A., additional, Davis, B. A. S., additional, Kaplan, J. O., additional, Birks, H. J. B., additional, Bjune, A. E., additional, Fyfe, R., additional, Giesecke, T., additional, Kalnina, L., additional, Kangur, M., additional, van der Knaap, W. O., additional, Kokfelt, U., additional, Kuneš, P., additional, Lata\\l owa, M., additional, Marquer, L., additional, Mazier, F., additional, Nielsen, A. B., additional, Smith, B., additional, Seppä, H., additional, and Sugita, S., additional

Published
2014
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44. Towards mapping the late Quaternary vegetation change of Europe

Author

Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Giesecke, T., Davis, B., Brewer, S., Finsinger, W., Wolters, S., Blaauw, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Binney, H., Fyfe, R.M., Gaillard, M.-J., Gil-Romera, G., van der Knaap, W.O., Kunes, P., Kühl, N., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Leydet, M., Lotter, A.F., Ortu, E., Semmler, M., Bradshaw, R.H.W., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Giesecke, T., Davis, B., Brewer, S., Finsinger, W., Wolters, S., Blaauw, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Binney, H., Fyfe, R.M., Gaillard, M.-J., Gil-Romera, G., van der Knaap, W.O., Kunes, P., Kühl, N., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Leydet, M., Lotter, A.F., Ortu, E., Semmler, M., and Bradshaw, R.H.W.

Published
2013

45. Holocene changes in vegetation composition in northern Europe: why pollen-based quantitative reconstructions matter?

Author

Marquer, L., Gaillard, M.-J., Sugita, S., Trondman, A.-K., Mazier, F., Nielsen, A.B., Fyfe, R.M., Odgaard, B.V., Alenius, T., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A., Christiansen, J., Dodson, J., Edwards, K.J., Giesecke, T., Herzschuh, U., Kangur, M., Lorenz, S., Poska, A., Schult, M., Seppä, H., Marquer, L., Gaillard, M.-J., Sugita, S., Trondman, A.-K., Mazier, F., Nielsen, A.B., Fyfe, R.M., Odgaard, B.V., Alenius, T., Birks, H. J. B., Bjune, A., Christiansen, J., Dodson, J., Edwards, K.J., Giesecke, T., Herzschuh, U., Kangur, M., Lorenz, S., Poska, A., Schult, M., and Seppä, H.

Abstract

We present pollen-based reconstructions of the spatio-temporal dynamics of northern European regional vegetation abundance through the Holocene. We apply the Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model using fossil pollen records from eighteen sites within five modern biomes in the region. The eighteen sites are classified into four time-trajectory types on the basis of principal components analysis of both the REVEALS-based vegetation estimates (RVs) and the pollen percentage (PPs). The four trajectory types are more clearly separated for RVs than PPs. Further, the timing of major Holocene shifts, rates of compositional change, and diversity indices (turnover and evenness) differ between RVs and PPs. The differences are due to the reduction by REVEALS of biases in fossil pollen assemblages caused by different basin size, and inter-taxonomic differences in pollen productivity and dispersal properties. For example, in comparison to the PPs, the RVs show an earlier increase in Corylus and Ulmus in the early-Holocene and a more pronounced increase in grassland and deforested areas since the mid-Holocene. The results suggest that the influence of deforestation and agricultural activities on plant composition and abundance from Neolithic times was stronger than previously inferred from PPs. Relative to PPs, RVs show a more rapid compositional change, a largest decrease in turnover, and less variable evenness in most of northern Europe since 5200 cal yr BP. All these changes are primarily related to the strong impact of human activities on the vegetation. This study demonstrates that RV-based estimates of diversity indices, timing of shifts, and rates of change in reconstructed vegetation provide new insights into the timing and magnitude of major human disturbance on Holocene regional vegetation, features that are critical in the assessment of human impact on vegetation, land-cover, biodiversity, and climate in the past.

Published
2013

46. Event by event analysis of collision induced cluster ion fragmentation: sequential monomer evaporation versus fission reactions

Author

Gobet, F., Farizon, B., Farizon, M., Gaillard, M. J., Louc, S., Goncalves, N., Mario Barbatti, Luna, H., Jalbert, G., Castro Faria, N. V., Bacchus-Montabonel, M. C., J-P, Buchet, Carre, M., Maerk, T. D., Flores, Sylvie, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus]
Abstract

IPM

Published
2001

50. The use of modelling and simulation approach in reconstructing past landscapes from fossil pollen data: a review and results from the POLLANDCAL network.

Author

Gaillard, M.-J., Sugita, S., Bunting, M.J., Middleton, R., Broström, A., Caseldine, C., Giesecke, T., Hellman, S.e.b., Hicks, S., Hjelle, K., Langdon, C., Nielsen, A.-B., Poska, A., Stedingk, H., Veski, S., Hättestrand, Martina, Gaillard, M.-J., Sugita, S., Bunting, M.J., Middleton, R., Broström, A., Caseldine, C., Giesecke, T., Hellman, S.e.b., Hicks, S., Hjelle, K., Langdon, C., Nielsen, A.-B., Poska, A., Stedingk, H., Veski, S., and Hättestrand, Martina

Abstract

Totala antalet författare: 76

Published
2008
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