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1. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, M, Ong, KL, Aali, A, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M-A, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, DM, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abebe, SS, Abedi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abhilash, ES, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Abrha, WA, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Accrombessi, MMK, Adal, TG, Adamu, AA, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, AV, Adetunji, CO, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adeyinka, DA, Adeyomoye, OI, Admass, BAA, Adnani, QES, Adra, S, Afolabi, AA, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agasthi, P, Aggarwal, M, Aghamiri, S, Agide, FD, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, AM, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MS, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, SA, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akara, EM, Akbarialiabad, H, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, MA, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, SM, Alahdab, F, Alalalmeh, SO, Alalwan, TA, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, N, Al-amer, RM, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Al-Azzam, S, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, AlBataineh, MT, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Aldawsari, KA, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Alema, HB, Alemayohu, MA, Alemi, S, Alemu, YM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhabib, KF, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Al-Hanawi, MK, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, SSS, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alikhani, R, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, AA, Aljasir, MAM, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, SAA, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almidani, L, Almidani, O, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Alonso, J, Alqahtani, JS, Alqalyoobi, S, Alqutaibi, AY, Al-Sabah, SK, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Altirkawi, KA, Aluh, DO, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Amani, R, Amare, AT, Amegbor, PM, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Amusa, GA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Angus, C, Anil, A, Anil, S, Anoushiravani, A, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, CM, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anvari, S, Anwar, S, Anwar, SL, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, AE, Aqeel, M, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aremu, A, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Ärnlöv, J, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, RT, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Lari, M, Asgedom, AA, Asghariahmadabad, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, M, Aslani, A, Astell-Burt, T, Athar, M, Athari, SS, Atinafu, BTT, Atlaw, HW, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awedew, AF, Aweke, AM, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayatollahi, H, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Ayyoubzadeh, SM, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Azzam, AY, B, DB, Babu, AS, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bahmanziari, N, Bai, R, Baig, AA, Baker, JL, Bako, AT, Bakshi, RK, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, PC, Bansal, H, Bansal, K, Barbic, F, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Basharat, Z, Bashiri, A, Basiru, A, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, JD, Basting, AVL, Basu, S, Batra, K, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, M, Behboudi, E, Behera, P, Behnoush, AH, Behzadifar, M, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Béjot, Y, Belay, SA, Belete, CM, Bell, ML, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bender, RG, Bensenor, IM, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Berhie, AY, Berice, BN, Bernstein, RS, Bertolacci, GJ, Bettencourt, PJG, Beyene, KA, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhangdia, K, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, PV, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitew, BD, Bitra, VR, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boampong, MS, Bobirca, AV, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Bogale, KA, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Borzutzky, A, Bouaoud, S, Boustany, A, Boxe, C, Boyko, EJ, Brady, OJ, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Briko, NI, Britton, G, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Carvalheiro, CG, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandika, RM, Chandrasekar, EK, Chang, C-K, Chang, J-C, Chanie, GS, Charalampous, P, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, P, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chaurasia, A, Chen, AW, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Cherbuin, N, Cheru, WA, Chien, J-H, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Claassens, MM, Claro, RM, Coberly, K, Cogen, RM, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Cousin, E, Couto, RAS, Cowden, RG, Cramer, KM, Criqui, MH, Cruz-Martins, N, Cuadra-Hernández, SM, Culbreth, GT, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, Curado, MP, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, Darega Gela, J, Das, JK, Das, S, Dascalu, AM, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Davey, G, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, de Luca, K, Debele, AT, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Dehghan, A, Deitesfeld, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demessa, BH, Demetriades, AK, Deng, K, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deravi, N, Dereje, N, Dervenis, N, Dervišević, E, Des Jarlais, DC, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Ding, H, Dinis-Oliveira, RJ, Dirac, MA, Djalalinia, S, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Doaei, S, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Dolecek, C, Dominguez, R-MV, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, dos Santos, WM, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Du, M, Dube, J, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, E'mar, AR, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Effendi, DE, Eikemo, TA, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Elema, TB, Elemam, NM, Elgar, FJ, Elgendy, IY, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elilo, LT, Elmeligy, OAA, Elmonem, MA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, CI, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fadaka, AO, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fahim, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Fasanmi, AO, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, NK, Fazeli, P, Feigin, VL, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, AJ, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Florin, BT, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Forthun, I, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Fowobaje, KR, Francis, KL, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, JE, Fux, B, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Gaidhane, AM, Gaihre, S, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galles, NC, Gallus, S, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gardner, WM, Garg, J, Garg, N, Gautam, RK, Gbadamosi, SO, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, TG, Georgescu, SR, Getachew, T, Gething, PW, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, KY, Ghasemi, M-R, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, RM, Ghimire, A, Ghoba, S, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghoshal, AG, Gill, PS, Gill, TK, Gillum, RF, Ginindza, TG, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomes, NGM, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Goulart, BNG, Goyal, A, Grada, A, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Gudeta, MD, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Guimarães, RA, Gulati, S, Gunawardane, DA, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, MK, Gupta, M, Gupta, RD, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gurmessa, L, Gutiérrez, RA, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadei, M, Hadi, NR, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, ES, Hall, BJ, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hamilton, EB, Han, C, Han, Q, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, GJ, Hanna, F, Hannan, MA, Haque, MN, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, MT, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hashi, A, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, He, J, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Helfer, B, Hendrie, D, Herrera-Serna, BY, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hezam, K, Hill, CL, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M-S, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hosseinzadeh Adli, A, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, VC-R, Hsu, RL, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultström, M, Humayun, A, Hundie, TG, Hussain, J, Hussain, MA, Hussein, NR, Hussien, FM, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ibrahim, KS, Iftikhar, PM, Ijo, D, Ikiroma, AI, Ikuta, KS, Ikwegbue, PC, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Inamdar, S, Indriasih, E, Iqhrammullah, M, Iradukunda, A, Iregbu, KC, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iyamu, IO, Iyer, M, J, LM, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Jaiswal, A, Jamshidi, E, Janko, MM, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jha, AK, Jha, RP, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jokar, M, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Joshy, G, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, DH, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, LR, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamal, VK, Kamarajah, SK, Kamath, R, Kamiab, Z, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, AR, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Kannan S, S, Kansal, SK, Kantar, RS, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karanth, SD, Karasneh, RA, Karaye, IM, Karch, A, Karim, A, Karimi, SE, Karimi Behnagh, A, Kashoo, FZ, Kasnazani, QHA, Kasraei, H, Kassebaum, NJ, Kassel, MB, Kauppila, JH, Kaur, N, Kawakami, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kazmi, TH, Kebebew, GM, Kebede, AD, Kebede, F, Keflie, TS, Keiyoro, PN, Keller, C, Kelly, JT, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, AA, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, IA, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khan, ZA, Khan suheb, MZ, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khorgamphar, M, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, MA, Kifle, ZD, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinzel, KE, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klu, D, Knudsen, AKS, Kocarnik, JM, Kochhar, S, Kocsis, T, Koh, DSQ, Kolahi, A-A, Kolves, K, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Kosen, S, Kostev, K, Koul, PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishna, H, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krohn, KJ, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, M, Kumar, R, Kumari, M, Kumie, FT, Kundu, S, Kurmi, OP, Kusnali, A, Kusuma, D, Kwarteng, A, Kyriopoulos, I, Kyu, HH, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lahmar, A, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, H, Lám, J, Landrum, KR, Lanfranchi, F, Lang, JJ, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Latief, K, Latifinaibin, K, Lauriola, P, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Le, TDT, Ledda, C, Ledesma, JR, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, SW, Lee, SWH, Lee, W-C, Lee, YH, LeGrand, KE, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Lerango, TL, Li, M-C, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Ligade, VS, Likaka, ATM, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lindstrom, M, Linehan, C, Liu, C, Liu, G, Liu, J, Liu, R, Liu, S, Liu, X, Llanaj, E, Loftus, MJ, López-Bueno, R, Lopukhov, PD, Loreche, AM, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Madadizadeh, F, Madsen, C, Madureira-Carvalho, ÁM, Maghazachi, AA, Maharaj, SB, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, A, Mahmoudi, E, Mahmoudi, R, Majeed, A, Makhdoom, IF, Malakan Rad, E, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, AK, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, P, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Maqsood, S, Marasini, BP, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Marconi, AM, Mardi, P, Marino, M, Marjani, A, Martinez, G, Martinez-Guerra, BA, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, D, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, RR, Masaka, A, Masrie, A, Mathieson, S, Mathioudakis, AG, Mathur, MR, Mattumpuram, J, Matzopoulos, R, Maude, RJ, Maugeri, A, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, Mazaheri, M, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, McKowen, ALW, McLaughlin, SA, McPhail, SM, Mechili, EA, Medina, JRC, Mediratta, RP, Meena, JK, Mehra, R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mekene Meto, T, Meles, GG, Mendez-Lopez, MAM, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengist, B, Mentis, A-FA, Meo, SA, Meresa, HA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mesfin, BA, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, KCD, Mettananda, S, Meylakhs, P, Mhlanga, A, Mhlanga, L, Mi, T, Miazgowski, T, Micha, G, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minh, LHN, Mini, GK, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, P, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirutse, MK, Mirzaei, M, Misganaw, A, Mishra, A, Misra, S, Mitchell, PB, Mithra, P, Mittal, C, Mobayen, M, Moberg, ME, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, MFH, Mohamed, NS, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mohan, V, Mojiri-Forushani, H, Mokari, A, Mokdad, AH, Molinaro, S, Molokhia, M, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, RS, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, SD, Morze, J, Mosser, JF, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, P, Mousavi, SE, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mpolya, EA, Mrejen, M, Mubarik, S, Muccioli, L, Mueller, UO, Mughal, F, Mukherjee, S, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musaigwa, F, Musallam, KM, Mustafa, A, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Muthusamy, R, Muzaffar, M, Myung, W, Nagarajan, AJ, Nagel, G, Naghavi, P, Naheed, A, Naik, 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Zhu, L, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zitoun, OA, Zoladl, M, Zou, Z, Zuhlke, LJ, Zumla, A, Zweck, E, Zyoud, SH, Wool, EE, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

2. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Ferrari, AJ, Santomauro, DF, Aali, A, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdollahi, A, Abdullahi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Ackerman, IN, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adepoju, AV, Adewuyi, HO, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agodi, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MB, Ajami, M, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, MA, Al Hasan, SM, Alalalmeh, SO, Al-Aly, Z, Albashtawy, M, Aldridge, RW, Alemu, MD, Alemu, YM, Alene, KA, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alharrasi, M, Alhassan, RK, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, SSS, Alif, SM, Aljunid, SM, Al-Marwani, S, Almazan, JU, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Altaany, Z, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Alwafi, H, Al-Wardat, MS, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Amare, AT, Amegbor, PM, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Ansari, H, Antony, CM, Anwar, S, Anwar, SL, Anwer, R, Anyanwu, PE, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Araki, DT, Aravkin, AY, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Aruleba, RT, Arumugam, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, MY, Ashraf, M, Asika, MO, Askari, E, Astell-Burt, T, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awotidebe, AW, Awuviry-Newton, K, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Babu, AS, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bah, S, Bai, R, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Bako, AT, Balakrishnan, S, Bam, K, Banik, PC, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Barqawi, HJ, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Bashiri Aliabadi, S, Basiru, A, Basu, S, Bathini, PP, Batra, K, Baune, BT, Bayileyegn, NS, Behnam, B, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Bell, ML, Bello, OO, Beloukas, A, Bensenor, IM, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Bisignano, C, Bitra, VR, Bjørge, T, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Boxe, C, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brauer, M, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, NB, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, ZA, Byun, J, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cao, C, Capodici, A, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carugno, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, PA, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandika, RM, Chandrasekar, EK, Charalampous, P, Chattu, VK, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chen, AW, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, NM, Cheng, ETW, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Cho, WCS, Choi, S, Chong, B, Chong, YY, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, SWM, Chu, D-T, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chutiyami, M, Claassens, MM, Cogen, RM, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Cortesi, PA, Cousin, E, Criqui, MH, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalaba, MA, Damiani, G, Das, JK, Das, S, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Debele, AT, Debopadhaya, S, DeCleene, NK, Deeba, F, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demetriades, AK, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Deuba, K, Dhama, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhingra, S, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Dirac, MA, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dohare, S, Dominguez, R-MV, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorsey, ER, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Dube, J, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Edinur, HA, 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S, Hsu, JM, Huang, J, Hugo, FN, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussein, NR, Huynh, CK, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Iannucci, VC, Ihler, AL, Ikiroma, AI, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Irham, LM, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iyer, M, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Jaiswal, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jeyakumar, A, Jha, AK, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, LR, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamenov, K, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, AR, Kanmodi, KK, Kantar, RS, Karaye, IM, Karim, A, Karimi, SE, Karimi, Y, Kasraei, H, Kassel, MB, Kauppila, JH, Kawakami, N, Kayode, 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Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lunevicius, R, Lusk, JB, lv, H, Ma, ZF, Machairas, N, Madureira-Carvalho, ÁM, Magaña Gómez, JA, Maghazachi, AA, Maharjan, P, Mahasha, PW, Maheri, M, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, E, Majeed, A, Makris, KC, Malakan Rad, E, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Malta, DC, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Mansouri, P, Mansournia, MA, Mantilla Herrera, AM, Mantovani, LG, Manu, E, Marateb, HR, Mardi, P, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, D, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, RR, Mathangasinghe, Y, Mathieson, S, Mathioudakis, AG, Mattumpuram, J, Maugeri, A, Mayeli, M, Mazidi, M, Mazzotti, A, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, McKowen, ALW, McPhail, MA, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mekene Meto, T, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mensah, GA, Mentis, A-FA, Meo, SA, Meresa, HA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, KCD, Mettananda, S, Michalek, IM, Miller, PA, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minh, LHN, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirutse, MK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Misganaw, A, Mishra, AK, Mitchell, PB, Mittal, C, Moazen, B, Moberg, ME, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, MFH, Mohamed, NS, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, S, Mohr, RM, Mokdad, AH, Molinaro, S, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, RS, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, SD, Morze, J, Mosapour, A, Mosser, JF, Mossialos, E, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mouodi, S, Mrejen, M, Msherghi, A, Mubarik, S, Mueller, UO, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Murlimanju, BV, Mustafa, G, Muthu, S, Muzaffar, M, Myung, W, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, P, Naik, GR, Nainu, F, Nair, S, Najmuldeen, HHR, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narayana, AI, Nargus, S, Nascimento, GG, Nashwan, AJ, Nasrollahizadeh, A, Natto, ZS, Nayak, BP, Nayak, VC, Nduaguba, SO, Negash, H, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nesbit, OD, Netsere, HB, Ng, M, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, DH, Nguyen, HQ, Niazi, RK, Nikolouzakis, TK, Nikoobar, A, Nikoomanesh, F, Nikpoor, AR, Nnaji, CA, Nnyanzi, LA, Noman, EA, Nomura, S, Norrving, B, Nri-Ezedi, CA, Ntaios, G, Ntsekhe, M, Nurrika, D, Nzoputam, CI, Nzoputam, OJ, Oancea, B, Odetokun, IA, O'Donnell, MJ, Oguntade, AS, Oguta, JO, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okeke, SR, Okekunle, AP, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olasupo, OO, Olatubi, MI, Oliveira, GMM, Olufadewa, II, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Omar, HA, Omer, GL, Omonisi, AEE, Onie, S, Onwujekwe, OE, Ordak, M, Orish, VN, Ortega-Altamirano, DV, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Brizuela, E, Osman, WMS, Ostroff, SM, Osuagwu, UL, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Ouyahia, A, Ouyang, G, Owolabi, MO, P A, MP, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Palicz, T, Palladino, C, Pan, F, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Panos, GD, Panos, LD, Pantea Stoian, AM, Pardhan, S, Parikh, RR, Pashaei, A, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, Patel, J, Patel, SK, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Patthipati, VS, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pease, SA, Peden, AE, Pedersini, P, Peng, M, Pensato, U, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Peprah, P, Perdigão, J, Pereira, MO, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petermann-Rocha, FE, Petri, WA, Pham, HT, Philip, AK, Phillips, MR, Pigeolet, M, Pigott, DM, Pillay, JD, Piracha, ZZ, Pirouzpanah, S, Plass, D, Plotnikov, E, Poddighe, D, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourtaheri, N, Prada, SI, Pradhan, PMS, Prakash, V, Prasad, M, Prates, EJS, Priscilla, T, Pritchett, N, Puri, P, Puvvula, J, Qasim, NH, Qattea, I, Qazi, AS, Qian, G, Rabiee Rad, M, Radhakrishnan, RA, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi Shahraki, H, Rafferty, Q, Raggi, A, Raghav, PR, Rahim, MJ, Rahman, MM, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, M, Rahmawaty, S, Rajaa, S, Ramadan, MM, Ramasamy, SK, Ramasubramani, P, Ramazanu, S, Rana, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rancic, N, Rane, A, Rao, CR, Rao, K, Rao, M, Rao, SJ, Rashidi, M-M, Rathnaiah Babu, G, Rauniyar, SK, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Razo, C, Reddy, MMRK, Redwan, EMM, Reifels, L, Reiner Jr, RC, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Reyes, LF, Rezaei, N, Rezaei Hachesu, P, Rezaeian, M, Rickard, J, Rodrigues, CF, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rotimi, K, Rout, HS, Roy, B, Roy, N, Roy, P, Rubagotti, E, S N, C, Saad, AMA, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sachdev, PS, Saddik, B, Saddler, A, Sadee, BA, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Safi, SZ, Sagar, R, Sagoe, D, Saif, Z, Sajid, MR, Sakshaug, JW, Salam, N, Salami, AA, Salaroli, LB, Saleh, MA, Salem, MR, Salem, MZY, Sallam, M, Samadzadeh, S, Samargandy, S, Samodra, YL, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanna, F, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarasmita, MA, Sarikhani, Y, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sarode, GS, Sarode, SC, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathyanarayan, A, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Scarmeas, N, Schaarschmidt, BM, Schmidt, MI, Schneider, IJC, Schumacher, AE, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Sedighi, M, Senapati, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sethi, Y, Setoguchi, S, Seylani, A, Shadid, J, Shafie, M, Shah, H, Shah, NS, Shah, PA, Shahbandi, A, Shahid, S, Shahid, W, Shahwan, MJ, Shaikh, MA, Shakeri, A, Shalash, AS, Sham, S, Shamim, MA, Shamshirgaran, MA, Shamsi, MA, Shanawaz, M, Shankar, A, Shannawaz, M, Sharath, M, Sharifan, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, M, Sharma, R, Sharma, S, Sharma, U, Sharma, V, Shastry, RP, Shavandi, A, Shayan, AM, Shayan, M, Shehabeldine, AME, Shetty, PH, Shibuya, K, Shifa, JE, Shiferaw, D, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shitaye, NA, Shittu, A, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Shokati Eshkiki, Z, Shool, S, Shrestha, S, Shuval, K, Sibhat, MM, Siddig, EE, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Silva, LMLR, Silva, S, Simpson, CR, Singal, A, Singh, A, Singh, BB, Singh, H, Singh, JA, Singh, M, Singh, P, Skou, ST, Sleet, DA, Slepak, ELN, Solanki, R, Soliman, SSM, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, RJD, Soriano, JB, Soyiri, IN, Spartalis, M, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stark, BA, Starodubova, AV, Stein, C, Stein, DJ, Steiner, C, Steiner, TJ, Steinmetz, JD, Steiropoulos, P, Stockfelt, L, Stokes, MA, Subedi, NS, Subramaniyan, V, Suemoto, CK, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sultana, A, Sundström, J, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei Malazy, O, Tabatabaeizadeh, S-A, Tabatabai, S, Tabche, C, Tabish, M, Tadakamadla, SK, Taheri Abkenar, Y, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taherkhani, A, Taiba, J, Talaat, IM, Talukder, A, Tampa, M, Tamuzi, JL, Tan, K-K, Tandukar, S, Tang, H, Tavakoli Oliaee, R, Tavangar, SM, Teimoori, M, Temsah, M-H, Teramoto, M, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thayakaran, R, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thomas, NK, Thum, CCC, Tichopad, A, Ticoalu, JHV, Tillawi, T, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torre, AE, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, JT, Tran, MTN, Tran, NM, Tran, N-H, Trico, D, Tromans, SJ, Truyen, TTTT, Tsatsakis, A, Tsegay, GM, Tsermpini, EE, Tumurkhuu, M, Tyrovolas, S, Udoh, A, Umair, M, Umakanthan, S, Umar, TP, Undurraga, EA, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Unsworth, CA, Upadhyay, E, Urso, D, Usman, JS, Vahabi, SM, Vaithinathan, AG, Van den Eynde, J, Varga, O, Varma, RP, Vart, P, Vasankari, TJ, Vasic, M, Vaziri, S, Vellingiri, B, Venketasubramanian, N, Veroux, M, Verras, G-I, Vervoort, D, Villafañe, JH, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vollset, SE, Volovat, SR, Vongpradith, A, Waheed, Y, Wang, C, Wang, F, Wang, N, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Ward, P, Wassie, EG, Weaver, MR, Weerakoon, KG, Weintraub, RG, Weiss, DJ, Weldemariam, AH, Wells, KM, Wen, YF, Whisnant, JL, Whiteford, HA, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, DP, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilandika, A, Wilkerson, C, Willeit, P, Wimo, A, Woldegebreal, DH, Wolf, AW, Wong, YJ, Woolf, AD, Wu, C, Wu, F, Wu, X, Wu, Z, Wulf Hanson, S, Xia, Y, Xiao, H, Xu, X, Xu, YY, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Yaghoubi, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yano, Y, Yao, Y, Yaribeygi, H, Yazdanpanah, MH, Ye, P, Yehualashet, SS, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yiğit, A, Yiğit, V, Yigzaw, ZA, Yismaw, Y, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yusuf, H, Zahid, MH, Zakham, F, Zaki, L, Zaki, N, Zaman, BA, Zamora, N, Zand, R, Zandieh, GGZ, Zar, HJ, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, H, Zhang, N, Zhang, Y, Zhao, H, Zhong, C, Zhong, P, Zhou, J, Zhu, Z, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zimsen, SRM, Zoladl, M, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Vos, T, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

3. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Author: Haeuser, E, Serfes, AL, Cork, MA, Yang, M, Abbastabar, H, Abhilash, ES, Adabi, M, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adeyinka, DA, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, RO, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alene, KA, Alhassan, RK, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anvari, D, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asemahagn, MA, Jafarabadi, MA, Awedew, AF, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Babalola, TK, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Bärnighausen, TW, Bell, AW, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bozicevic, I, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, D-T, Cowden, RG, Dahlawi, SMA, Damiani, G, Darteh, EKM, Darwesh, AM, das Neves, J, Weaver, ND, De Leo, D, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, El Tantawi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezeonwumelu, IJ, Ezzikouri, S, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebremedhin, KB, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Haider, MR, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Islam, RM, Iwu, CCD, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, Johnson, KB, Joseph, N, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keramati, M, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Larson, HJ, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, Li, S, Liu, X, Maleki, A, Malik, P, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Moazen, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moradi, M, Moraga, P, Mubarik, S, Mulu, GBB, Mwanri, L, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Orisakwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Peprah, EK, Postma, MJ, Preotescu, L, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, LD, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, AI, Ross, JM, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahiledengle, B, Sahu, M, Salem, MR, Kafil, HS, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Seidu, A-A, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Shiferaw, WS, Shin, JI, Shrestha, R, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soltani, S, Sufiyan, MB, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Taveira, N, Tesfay, FH, Thapar, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tsegaye, GW, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Villafañe, JH, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilson, K, Yaya, S, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, SI, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Haeuser, Emily, Serfes, Audrey L., Cork, Michael A., Yang, Mingyou, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Dwyer Lindgrena, Laura, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Department of Oncology, Epidemiologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
Subjects: Male, Adult, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Adolescent, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata, HIV Infections, Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, Young Adult, HIV Infections/prevention & control, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, General & Internal Medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Geostatistics, Africa, Demographics, HIV, HIV prevalence, Mapping, Spatial statistics, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Africa South of the Sahara, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Settore SECS-S/04 - Demografia, Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Female
Abstract: Background Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Published: 2022

4. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, CP, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, Tantawi, ME, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, AA, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Gnedovskaya, EV, Godinho, MA, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Abdullah, KH, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Haririan, H, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, HC, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Islam, MS, Iso, H, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Jha, V, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Juliusson, PB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kaur, S, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, N, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, AT, Kieling, C, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Van Charles Lansingh, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, McGrath, JJ, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosapour, A, Khaneghah, AM, Mueller, UO, Muriithi, MK, Murray, CJL, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nie, J, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Øverland, S, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, CIA, Park, E-K, Patten, SB, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, SI, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, MH, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezai, MS, Riahi, SM, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Sachdev, PS, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, BSK, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Skryabin, VY, Slater, H, Smith, EUR, Sobhiyeh, MR, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, OD, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, I, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, MV, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, RS, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varughese, S, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, PJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, YG, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhu, C, Patton, GC, Viner, RM, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Mortality, Ward, J. L., Azzopardi, P. S., Francis, K. L., Santelli, J. S., Skirbekk, V., Sawyer, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Hay, S. I., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshari, K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, A. E., Aji, B., Akombi-Inyang, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Alemu, B. W., Al-Hajj, S., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alijanzadeh, M., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, S., Aminorroaya, A., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari, I., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avenyo, E. K., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azene, Z. N., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakkannavar, S. M., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bekuma, T. T., Bell, A. W., Bell, M. L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, A. K., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birhanu, T. T. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bolla, S. R., Boloor, A., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Britton, G. B., Burns, R. A., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Campuzano Rincon, J. C., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, H. -Y., Chang, J. -C., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Chung, S. -C., Cicuttini, F. M., Constantin, T. V., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A. M., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Didarloo, A., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, C. P., Doshmangir, L., Doyle, K. E., Duraes, A. R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Ebtehaj, S., Edvardsson, D., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Elsharkawy, A., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Esteghamati, S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gallus, S., Gebre, T., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A. A., Gesesew, H. A., Ghadiri, K., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S. A., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Grivna, M., Gubari, M. I. M., Gugnani, H. C., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J. A., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, T. G., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haririan, H., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B. -F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Intarut, N., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Jeemon, P., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Juliusson, P. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Karimi, S. E., Kaur, S., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khatab, K., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaie, H., Khoja, A. T., Kieling, C., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Koolivand, A., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lan, Q., Landires, I., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Leung, J., Levi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, M. -C., Li, S., Lim, L. -L., Lim, S. S., Liu, X., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Lunevicius, R., Maddison, R., Mahasha, P. W., Mahdavi, M. M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins-Melo, F. R., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Mathur, M. R., Maulik, P. K., Mcgrath, J. J., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehri, F., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Monasta, L., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U. O., Muriithi, M. K., Murray, C. J. L., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Nayak, V. C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nie, J., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Overland, S., Owolabi, M. O., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Panelo, C. I. A., Park, E. -K., Patten, S. B., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Pesudovs, K., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Postma, M. J., Pottoo, F. H., Pourjafar, H., Pourshams, A., Prada, S. I., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, M. H., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahman, M. A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M. S., Riahi, S. M., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roth, G. A., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Rwegerera, G. M., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P. S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M. A., Sajadi, S. M., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saraswathy, S. Y. I., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, D., Saxena, S., Schiavolin, S., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shaheen, A. A., Shaikh, M. A., Shakiba, S., Shamsi, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shetty, B. S. K., Shi, P., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Shuval, K., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Simonetti, B., Singh, J. A., Singh, V., Sinke, A. H., Skryabin, V. Y., Slater, H., Smith, E. U. R., Sobhiyeh, M. R., Sobngwi, E., Soheili, A., Somefun, O. D., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Stein, D. J., Stokes, M. A., Sudaryanto, A., Sultan, I., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Tadakamadla, S. K., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A. T., Tareque, M. I., Thankappan, K. 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M., Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ward J.L., Azzopardi P.S., Francis K.L., Santelli J.S., Skirbekk V., Sawyer S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Mokdad A.H., Hay S.I., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshari K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Aji B., Akombi-Inyang B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R.K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari 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F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury M.A.K., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Constantin T.V., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De la Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Dervenis N., Desai R., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Doshi C.P., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Ebtehaj S., Edvardsson D., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gallus S., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A.A., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Grivna M., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T.G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haririan H., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hashi A., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj 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Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Maddison R., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., McGrath J.J., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U.O., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J.L., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., 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V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, and Viner, R
Subjects: Male, Joves -- Mortalitat, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, CHILDREN, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, RA0421, Cause of Death, Medicine, Young adult, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Mortality rate, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, MIDDLE-INCOME, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adolescent health, INTERVENTIONS, Human, SUICIDE, Total fertility rate, Population, Adolescent Health, Adolescents -- Mortalitat, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, QUALITY, Medicine [Science], Social determinants of health, INCOME COUNTRIES, education, business.industry, TRENDS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, INJURIES, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

5. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sheena, BS, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Ali, HA, Adane, MM, Adegboye, OA, Adnani, QES, Advani, SM, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Meybodi, MA, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Akalu, GT, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, AZ, Alem, DT, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Alhassan, RK, Ali, L, Ali, MA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, AM, Argaw, ZG, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Jafari, AA, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A-MM, Ramirez, DFB, Belgaumi, UI, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, BBA, Bojia, HA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Camera, LA, Chakinala, RC, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J-YJ, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, FR, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cortesi, PA, Cowie, BC, Culbreth, GT, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De la Hoz, FP, Debela, SA, Dedefo, MG, Demeke, FM, Demie, TGG, Demissie, GD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, LP, Dorostkar, F, Drake, TM, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, Zaki, MES, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, DB, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Galles, NC, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebreyohannes, EA, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S-H, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, 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Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A-A, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, SM, Shetty, JK, Shetty, PH, Shibuya, K, Il Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, MM, Singh, AD, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sohrabpour, AA, Song, S, Tabaeian, SP, Tadesse, EG, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K-K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, BN, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, HM, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, SA, Tollosa, DN, Tosti, ME, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Mai, TNT, Trihandini, I, Tusa, BS, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varthya, SB, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, AB, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Jabbari, SHY, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, BW, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Vos, T, Ward, JW, and Dirac, MA
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. METHODS: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. FINDINGS: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 0
Published: 2022

6. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Paulson, KR, Kamath, AM, Alam, T, Bienhoff, K, Abady, GG, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abd-Elsalam, SM, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abushouk, A, Adamu, AL, Adebayo, OM, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adeyinka, DA, Adsuar, JC, Afshari, K, Aghaali, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, OO, Aklilu, A, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, T, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alumran, AK, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Arzani, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Jafarabadi, MA, Athari, SS, Athari, SM, Atnafu, DD, Atreya, A, Atteraya, MS, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Babaee, E, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barqawi, HJ, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bell, ML, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, BM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bragazzi, NL, Breusov, A, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Busse, R, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camargos, P, Camera, LA, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J-C, Chanie, WF, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, DY, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Conde, J, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dachew, BA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darmstadt, GL, Das, JK, Davila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Deeba, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhingra, S, Dhungana, GP, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Edinur, HA, Efendi, F, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, S, Emami, A, Enany, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Faris, PS, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Franklin, RC, Freitas, M, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gaihre, S, Gallus, S, 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Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, BM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bragazzi, NL, Breusov, A, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Busse, R, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camargos, P, Camera, LA, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J-C, Chanie, WF, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, DY, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Conde, J, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dachew, BA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darmstadt, GL, Das, JK, Davila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Deeba, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhingra, S, Dhungana, GP, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Edinur, HA, Efendi, F, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, S, Emami, A, Enany, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Faris, PS, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Franklin, RC, Freitas, M, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gaihre, S, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, WM, Fonseca, MG, Gebremedhin, KB, Getacher, L, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, TK, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Goudarzi, H, Grivna, M, Gugnani, HC, Guido, D, Guimaraes, RA, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, MM, Hasan, SS, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, RJ, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inamdar, S, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, K, Iqbal, U, Islam, MM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jagnoor, J, Jain, V, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Jayaram, S, Jayatilleke, AU, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, John, O, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Kemmer, L, Khalid, N, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khan, MN, Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K, Khater, AM, Khater, MM, Khayamzadeh, M, Khosravi, A, Kim, D, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissoon, N, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lalloo, R, Lami, FH, Landires, I, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, S, Liang, J, Lim, L-L, Limenih, MA, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lodha, R, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, MT, Kunjathur, SM, Magnani, FG, Prasad, DRM, Maheri, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Masoumi, SZ, Maulik, PK, McAlinden, C, McGrath, JJ, Medina-Solis, CE, Nasab, EM, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Miri, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohajer, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Moore, CE, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, SD, Mosser, JF, Khaneghah, AM, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nena, E, Nepal, S, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Chi, TYN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nigatu, YT, Nigussie, SN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noor, NM, Noubiap, JJ, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Pal, PK, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Pardo-Montano, AM, Park, E-K, Patel, SK, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Toroudi, HP, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Perez-Gomez, J, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Pilgrim, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Platts-Mills, JA, Pokhrel, KN, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Prada, S, Prakash, S, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Jr, RCR, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Ryan, PM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, MR, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, JA, Samodra, YL, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarker, AR, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, S, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, E, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shaheen, AA, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shalash, AS, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siddiqi, TJ, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Silverberg, JIS, Simonetti, B, Singh, BB, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sinha, DN, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Sobaih, BH, Sobhiyeh, MR, Soltani, S, Soriano, JB, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Steiropoulos, P, Stokes, Mark, Stortecky, S, Sufiyan, MB, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Swope, CB, Sykes, BL, Szeto, MD, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadesse, EG, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, MI, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, FH, Tessema, GA, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsapparellas, G, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, Riaz, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Usman, MS, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Giang, TV, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilner, LB, Wiysonge, CS, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Xie, Y, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusuf, SS, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Murray, CJL, Wang, H, and Kassebaum, NJ
Published: 2021

7. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Gakidou, E
Published: 2021

8. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Haile, LM, Kamenov, K, Briant, PS, Orji, AU, Steinmetz, JD, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed Rashid, T, Akalu, Y, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Al Hamad, H, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amu, H, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arulappan, J, Ashbaugh, C, Atnafu, DD, Babar, ZUD, Baig, AA, Banik, PC, Bärnighausen, TW, Barrow, A, Bender, RG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Burkart, K, Cederroth, CR, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chu, DT, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, AB, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Desalew, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Doyle, KE, Duncan, BB, Ekholuenetale, M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Franklin, RC, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gallus, S, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozali, G, Gilani, SA, Glavan, IR, Golechha, M, Goulart, BNG, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Hoffman, HJ, Hopf, KP, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, BF, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jayapal, SK, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Kalhor, R, Kameran Al-Salihi, N, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kayode, GA, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khatib, MN, Kosen, S, Haile, LM, Kamenov, K, Briant, PS, Orji, AU, Steinmetz, JD, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed Rashid, T, Akalu, Y, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Al Hamad, H, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amu, H, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arulappan, J, Ashbaugh, C, Atnafu, DD, Babar, ZUD, Baig, AA, Banik, PC, Bärnighausen, TW, Barrow, A, Bender, RG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Burkart, K, Cederroth, CR, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chu, DT, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, AB, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Desalew, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Doyle, KE, Duncan, BB, Ekholuenetale, M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Franklin, RC, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gallus, S, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozali, G, Gilani, SA, Glavan, IR, Golechha, M, Goulart, BNG, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Hoffman, HJ, Hopf, KP, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, BF, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jayapal, SK, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Kalhor, R, Kameran Al-Salihi, N, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kayode, GA, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khatib, MN, and Kosen, S
Published: 2021

9. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Flaxman, S, Briant, PS, Taylor, HR, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Akalu, Y, Alamneh, AA, Alemayehu, W, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Anbesu, EW, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Asaad, M, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Butt, ZA, Cheng, C-Y, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dreer, LE, Ehrlich, JR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Chi, LH, Househ, M, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kempen, JH, Keramati, M, Khairallah, M, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kurmi, OP, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Majdan, M, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mokdad, AH, Moosavi, D, Morse, AR, Naderi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nangia, V, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Ostroff, SM, Panda-Jonas, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Syed, ZQ, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Samy, AM, Saxena, D, Serle, JB, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Soheili, A, Sousa, RARC, Spurlock, EE, Stambolian, D, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Travillian, RS, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Wang, N, Wang, YX, West, SK, Wong, TY, Zaidi, Z, Zewdie, KA, Jonas, JB, Vos, T, Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Flaxman, S, Briant, PS, Taylor, HR, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Akalu, Y, Alamneh, AA, Alemayehu, W, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Anbesu, EW, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Asaad, M, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Butt, ZA, Cheng, C-Y, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dreer, LE, Ehrlich, JR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Chi, LH, Househ, M, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kempen, JH, Keramati, M, Khairallah, M, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kurmi, OP, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Majdan, M, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mokdad, AH, Moosavi, D, Morse, AR, Naderi, M, Naidoo, KS, Nangia, V, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Ostroff, SM, Panda-Jonas, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Syed, ZQ, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Samy, AM, Saxena, D, Serle, JB, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Soheili, A, Sousa, RARC, Spurlock, EE, Stambolian, D, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Travillian, RS, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Wang, N, Wang, YX, West, SK, Wong, TY, Zaidi, Z, Zewdie, KA, Jonas, JB, and Vos, T
Abstract: BACKGROUND: To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990-2020, and forecasts for 2050. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and <6/12), moderate and severe vision impairment (<6/18 to 3/60), and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation); and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia (presenting near vision
Published: 2021

10. Sexual health needs of people living with HIV in a rural area of central India

Author: Zahiruddin, QuaziSyed, primary, Gaidhane, AM, additional, Waghmare, Lalit, additional, Khatib, Nazli, additional, Gaidhane, Shilpa, additional, Srivatsava, Tripti, additional, and Zodpey, SP, additional
Published: 2010
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11. Predictors for antenatal services and pregnancy outcome in a rural area: A prospective study in Wardha district, India

Author: Khatib, Nazli, primary, Zahiruddin, QuaziSyed, additional, Gaidhane, AM, additional, Waghmare, Lalit, additional, Srivatsava, Tripti, additional, Goyal, RC, additional, Zodpey, SP, additional, and Johrapurkar, SR, additional
Published: 2009
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12. Estimation of burden of cancer incidence and mortality in India: based on global burden of disease study 1990-2021.

Author: Jena D, Padhi BK, Zahiruddin QS, Ballal S, Kumar S, Bhat M, Sharma S, Kumar MR, Rustagi S, Gaidhane AM, Gaur A, Sah S, and Satapathy P
Subjects: Humans, India epidemiology, Incidence, Male, Female, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Cost of Illness, Forecasting, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms mortality, Global Burden of Disease trends, Disability-Adjusted Life Years trends
Abstract: Background: Cancer poses a significant public health challenge in India, making it crucial to predict its future impact for effective healthcare planning. This study forecast cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India from 2022 to 2031., Methods: We extracted age-standardized data on incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and mortality from 1990 to 2021 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We used Decadal Average Percentage Change techniques to identify trends in cancer burden over decades and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method were used for forecasting. The ARIMA (2,2,2) model was identified as the best for predicting cancer incidence, ARIMA (0,3,3) for DALYs, and ARIMA (0,2,2) for mortality., Results: The cancer incidence rate is expected to rise from 529.40 (95% CI: 525.41-533.38) in 2022 to 549.17 (95% CI: 487.43-610.92) per 100,000 population in 2031. The DALYs rate is projected to decrease from 2001.53 (95% CI: 1964.24-2038.82) in 2022 to 1842.08 (95% CI: 1273.57-2410.60) per 100,000 population in 2031, indicating improvements in cancer burden management. Mortality rates are forecasted to increase slightly, from 71.52 (95% CI: 69.91-73.12) in 2022 to 73.00 (95% CI: 60.88-85.11) per 100,000 population in 2031. Overall, while incidence and mortality rates show a slight upward trend, the DALYs rate is projected to decrease, reflecting potential advancements in cancer management and treatment over the forecast period., Conclusions: Over the next decade, cancer incidence and mortality are expected to increase in India, highlighting the need for enhanced prevention, early detection, and proper treatment strategies. Despite these increases, the anticipated decrease in DALYs suggests potential advancements in cancer management, warranting further investigation into the drivers of this positive trend and measures to sustain it., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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13. The impact of electronic cigarette use on periodontitis and periodontal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Shabil M, Khatib MN, Ballal S, Bansal P, Tomar BS, Ashraf A, Kumar MR, Sinha A, Rawat P, Gaidhane AM, Sah S, Bushi G, Singh MP, Bhopte K, Dziedzic A, and Pant M
Subjects: Humans, Alveolar Bone Loss etiology, Dental Plaque Index, Periodontal Attachment Loss, Periodontal Index, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Periodontitis etiology, Vaping adverse effects
Abstract: Background: Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting structures, leads to significant oral health and systemic complications if untreated. While traditional smoking is a well-known risk factor for periodontitis, the impact of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on periodontal health remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize existing evidence on the effects of e-cigarette use on periodontitis and other periodontal outcomes., Methods: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception up to June 15 2024. Eligible studies included those assessing the impact of e-cigarette use on periodontal outcomes such as bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and marginal bone loss. Data were extracted and analyzed using random-effect models to calculate pooled mean differences. R statistical software was used to perform meta-analyses., Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. E-cigarette users showed a significantly lower mean BOP score compared to non-users (pooled mean difference: -14.233; 95% CI: -20.424 to -8.043; I² = 99%). For other periodontal outcomes, the findings were as follows: Plaque Index (MD: -0.160; 95% CI: -0.680 to 0.360; I² = 95%), Clinical Attachment Loss (MD: 0.120; 95% CI: -0.045 to 0.285; I² = 90%), Probing Depth (MD: 0.056; 95% CI: -0.070 to 0.182; I² = 85%), and Marginal Bone Loss (MD: -0.052; 95% CI: -0.168 to 0.064; I² = 88%)., Conclusion: Present studies have not identified a significant link between e-cigarette use and adverse effects on periodontal health, but the available research is limited. Further longitudinal research is necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of e-cigarette use on periodontal health and to clarify any associated risks., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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14. Exploring the Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Insights Toward the Horizons Where Technology Meets Tradition.

Author: Bharadwaj S, Deepika K, Kumar A, Jaiswal S, Miglani S, Singh D, Fartyal P, Kumar R, Singh S, Singh MP, Gaidhane AM, Kumar B, and Jha V
Subjects: Humans, Drug Repositioning, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Drug Design, Artificial Intelligence, Drug Discovery, Machine Learning
Abstract: The technological revolutions in computers and the advancement of high-throughput screening technologies have driven the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for faster discovery of drug molecules with more efficiency, and cost-friendly finding of hit or lead molecules. The ability of software and network frameworks to interpret molecular structures' representations and establish relationships/correlations has enabled various research teams to develop numerous AI platforms for identifying new lead molecules or discovering new targets for already established drug molecules. The prediction of biological activity, ADME properties, and toxicity parameters in early stages have reduced the chances of failure and associated costs in later clinical stages, which was observed at a high rate in the tedious, expensive, and laborious drug discovery process. This review focuses on the different AI and machine learning (ML) techniques with their applications mainly focused on the pharmaceutical industry. The applications of AI frameworks in the identification of molecular target, hit identification/hit-to-lead optimization, analyzing drug-receptor interactions, drug repurposing, polypharmacology, synthetic accessibility, clinical trial design, and pharmaceutical developments are discussed in detail. We have also compiled the details of various startups in AI in this field. This review will provide a comprehensive analysis and outline various state-of-the-art AI/ML techniques to the readers with their framework applications. This review also highlights the challenges in this field, which need to be addressed for further success in pharmaceutical applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Chemical Biology & Drug Design published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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15. Burden of oral cancer and associated risk factors at national and state levels: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease in India, 1990-2021.

Author: Akashanand, Zahiruddin QS, Jena D, Ballal S, Kumar S, Bhat M, Sharma S, Kumar MR, Rustagi S, Gaidhane AM, Jain L, Sah S, and Shabil M
Abstract: Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer globally, posing a significant health concern, especially in India, where it accounts for one-third of the global cases. Despite high incidence and mortality rates, comprehensive national and regional data on risk factors and trends are scarce., Methods: This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 report, focusing on the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and prevalence rate (ASPR) of oral cancer in India from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess trends, and ARIMA models were applied to forecast future trends from 2022 to 2031., Results: From 1990 to 2021, India experienced a moderate increase in oral cancer mortality, with ASMR rising from 5.32 to 5.92, reflecting an annual percentage change (APC) of 11.18 %. ASDR increased from 152.94 to 163.61 (APC of 6.98 %), and ASPR showed a marked rise from 15.71 to 25.46 (APC of 62.06 %). The burden varied significantly across states. Gender disparities were observed, with males consistently exhibiting higher incidence and mortality rates. ARIMA forecasts projected an upward trend in oral cancer metrics from 2022 to 2031, with ASIR expected to reach 10.15 per 100,000 and ASPR 29.38 per 100,000 by 2031., Conclusions: The study reveals a persistent and growing burden of oral cancer in India, highlighting the influence of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Targeted strategies to mitigate risk behaviors, improve early detection, and address disparities are urgently needed to reduce the disease's impact., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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16. The resurgence of monkeypox: Epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era.

Author: Singh P, Sridhar SB, Shareef J, Talath S, Mohapatra P, Khatib MN, Ballal S, Kaur M, Nathiya D, Sharma S, Siva Prasad GV, Sinha A, Varma A, Bushi G, Gaidhane AM, Satapathy P, Shabil M, Sah R, Al-Tawfiq JA, Sah R, and Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Abstract: The recent global resurgence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox), primarily transmitted via close contact and respiratory droplets, highlights a significant shift in its epidemiology, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This resurgence underscores the need for robust public health responses and improved surveillance. This comprehensive review of current literature focuses on recent outbreaks, virology, and available treatments. Epidemiological data were gathered from various international health reports and analysed to understand transmission dynamics and outbreak patterns. Mpox, characterised by symptoms like fever and rash, has shown variable clinical presentations, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Recent outbreaks have prompted the development of new diagnostic methods and treatments, including antivirals like Tecovirimat and vaccines such as MVA-BN. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing infection, which is crucial for outbreak containment. The global response to the Mpox resurgence requires integrated strategies combining vaccination, antiviral treatments, and public health policies tailored to high-risk populations. Future efforts should focus on vaccine distribution equity and enhancing diagnostic capabilities to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of Mpox., Competing Interests: All Authors Declare No Conflict of Interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)
Published: 2024
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17. Predictors of acute kidney injury in dengue patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Awad AA, Khatib MN, Gaidhane AM, Ballal S, Bansal P, Srivastava M, Arora I, Kumar MR, Sinha A, Rawat P, Sah S, Bushi G, Lakhanpal S, and Shabil M
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, Acute Kidney Injury epidemiology, Acute Kidney Injury etiology, Dengue complications
Abstract: Background: Dengue infection poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Among its severe complications, Acute kidney injury (AKI) stands out due to its association with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burdens. This Meta-analysis aim to identify and evaluate the predictors of AKI among dengue patients, facilitating early detection and management strategies to mitigate AKI's impact., Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, covering literature up to February 2024. We included human observational studies reporting on AKI predictors in confirmed dengue cases. Nested-Knowledge software was used for screening and data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. R software (V 4.3) was utilized to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each predictor., Results: Our search yielded nine studies involving diverse geographic locations and patient demographics. A total of 9,198 patients were included in the studies, with 542 diagnosed with AKI. in which key predictors of AKI identified include severe forms of dengue (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.02-3.42), male gender (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.82-4.44), comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.298, 95% CI: 0.274-6.322), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 0.42-11.24), as well as co-infections and clinical manifestations like rhabdomyolysis and major bleeding., Conclusion: Our study identifies several predictors of AKI in dengue patients. These findings indicate the importance of early identification and intervention for high-risk individuals. Future research should focus on standardizing AKI diagnostic criteria within the dengue context and exploring the mechanisms underlying these associations to improve patient care and outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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18. Association of electronic cigarette use and suicidal behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Awad AA, Itumalla R, Gaidhane AM, Khatib MN, Ballal S, Bansal P, Srivastava M, Arora I, Kumar M, Sinha A, Pant K, Serhan HA, and Shabil M
Subjects: Humans, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation, Vaping psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted psychology
Abstract: Background: The proliferation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has presented new challenges in public health, particularly among adolescents and young adults. While marketed as safer than tobacco and as cessation aids, e-cigarettes have raised concerns about their long-term health and psychosocial impacts, including potential links to increased suicidal behaviors. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between e-cigarette use and suicidal behaviors by conducting a systematic review of the current literature., Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for studies up to March 10, 2024, examining the relationship between e-cigarette use and suicidal behaviors. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, longitudinal, retrospective, prospective, and case-control designs. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies. R software (V 4.3) was used to perform the meta-analysis., Results: Our analysis included fourteen studies, predominantly from the US and Korea, with participants ranging from 1,151 to 255,887. The meta-analysis identified a significant association between e-cigarette use and an increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.489, 95% CI: 1.357 to 1.621), suicide attempts (OR = 2.497, 95% CI: 1.999 to 3.996), and suicidal planning (OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.810 to 2.810). Heterogeneity was noted among the studies., Conclusion: E-cigarette use is significantly associated with the risk of suicidal behaviors, particularly among adolescents. The findings underscore the necessity for caution in endorsing e-cigarettes as a safer smoking alternative and call for more extensive research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Public health strategies should be developed to address and mitigate the risks of suicidal behaviors among e-cigarette users., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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19. Understanding noma: WHO's recognition and the path forward in global health.

Author: Satapathy P, Rustagi S, Kumar P, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Neyazi M, and Neyazi A
Subjects: Humans, Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Prevalence, Noma epidemiology, Noma therapy, Global Health, World Health Organization, Neglected Diseases epidemiology, Neglected Diseases prevention & control
Abstract: The World Health Organization's (WHO) designation of noma as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) on 15 December 2023 marks a crucial advancement in global health efforts. This move sheds light on a condition predominantly affecting undernourished children in isolated regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Recognized as the 21st NTD, noma, or cancrum oris, is a serious condition leading to orofacial gangrene. The disease largely impacts young children and those with compromised immune systems, including individuals with human immunodeficiency virus or leukaemia. Determining the exact prevalence of noma is complex, hindered by rapid disease progression, societal stigma and a lack of reporting, especially in impoverished areas. The WHO's acknowledgment is a significant step, emphasizing the need for more in-depth research and resources to address this overlooked disease. It highlights the critical role of multifaceted prevention strategies, including economic empowerment, improved nutrition and enhanced vaccination efforts. This recognition is pivotal in guiding international health initiatives towards better outcomes for some of the most at-risk populations globally., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)
Published: 2024
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20. A Comprehensive Review on the Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Patterns and Prognosis.

Author: Jain H, Marsool Marsool MD, Verma A, Irfan H, Nadeem A, Jain J, Goyal A, Passey S, Gole S, Khatib MN, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Subjects: Humans, Prognosis, Tachycardia, Ventricular diagnosis, Tachycardia, Ventricular physiopathology, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Sarcoidosis physiopathology, Sarcoidosis diagnosis, Electrocardiography methods, Cardiomyopathies physiopathology, Cardiomyopathies diagnosis
Abstract: Purpose of Review: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) refers to cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis and is usually associated with worse outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the electrocardiographic (ECG) signs and features associated with CS, as well as examine modern techniques and their importance in CS evaluation., Recent Findings: The exact pathogenesis of CS is still unclear, but it stems from an abnormal immunological response triggered by environmental factors in individuals with genetic predisposition. CS presents with non-cardiac symptoms; however, conduction system abnormalities are common in patients with CS. The most common electrocardiographic (ECG) signs include atrioventricular blocks and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Distinct patterns, such as fragmented QRS complexes, T-wave alternans, and bundle branch blocks, are critical indicators of myocardial involvement. The application of advanced ECG techniques such as signal-averaged ECG, Holter monitoring, wavelet-transformed ECG, microvolt T-wave alternans, and artificial intelligence-supported analysis holds promising outcomes for opportune detection and monitoring of CS. Timely utilisation of inexpensive and readily available ECG possesses the potential to allow early detection and intervention for CS. The integration of artificial intelligence models into ECG analysis is a promising approach for improving the ECG diagnostic accuracy and further risk stratification of patients with CS., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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21. Combating Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya Outbreaks in Timor-Leste: A Call to Focus on Integrated Vector Management and Vaccination.

Author: Anand A, Verma A, Khatib MN, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Kukreti N, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Subjects: Humans, Timor-Leste epidemiology, Mosquito Control methods, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Animals, Mosquito Vectors, Dengue prevention & control, Dengue epidemiology, Zika Virus Infection prevention & control, Zika Virus Infection epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever prevention & control, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control
Abstract: Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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22. Redefining Management in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Role and Challenges of Exercise Rehabilitation.

Author: Verma A, Anand A, Patel VA, Singh A, Ahsan A, Kanagala SG, Jain H, Dey RC, Khatib MN, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Sharma D, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a common genetic heart condition, is characterized by thickening of the left ventricle, which can result in a range of health issues, such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite traditional cautions against exercise in HCM patients due to potential exacerbation of symptoms and risk of sudden death, recent evidence suggests a paradigm shift toward the benefits of structured exercise rehabilitation. The pathogenesis of HCM, the physical and psychological effects of the illness on patients, and changing views on exercise as a therapeutic intervention are all covered in this review. Recent research shows that modest physical activity can considerably enhance functional ability, psychological health, and overall quality of life in individuals with heart failure without increasing the risk of unfavorable cardiac events, challenging earlier recommendations. Moreover, exercise rehabilitation has been shown to induce favorable myocardial remodeling and enhance cardiovascular fitness, suggesting a revaluation of exercise prescriptions tailored to individual patient profiles. Despite the promising role of exercise in managing HCM, this review also acknowledges the complexities of implementing rehabilitation programs, including the need for comprehensive patient assessment, personalized exercise regimens, and monitoring for potential complications. Future research should focus on optimizing exercise recommendations, understanding long-term outcomes, and integrating exercise rehabilitation into standard care protocols for HCM to foster a more holistic approach to patient management. Underscoring the necessity of a multidisciplinary strategy that balances the benefits of physical activity with the unique risks associated with HCM with the aim of improving patient outcomes through evidence-based, patient-centered care., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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23. Hong Kong's first human case of B virus: Feeding monkeys, a risky practice!

Author: Verma A, Zaheer A, Bisht K, Gaidhane AM, Khatib MN, Sah S, Bushi G, Sah R, and Kumar A
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Published: 2024
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24. Vietnam's first H9N2 case: A wake up call for global health authorities.

Author: Anand A, Aggarwal Y, Singh MP, Sah S, Gaur A, Khatib MN, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, and Woldehana NA
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Published: 2024
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25. Cardiovascular impact of post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Padhi BK, Khatib MN, Serhan HA, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, Zahiruddin QS, Sharma RK, and Satapathy P
Subjects: Humans, Risk Assessment methods, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases psychology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increasingly recognized for its effects beyond mental health, with emerging evidence suggesting a significant association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available evidence on the association between PTSD and various cardiovascular outcomes., Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in databases until March 15, 2024. Studies were included if they were observational in design and assessed the association between PTSD and cardiovascular outcomes. Data were extracted on study characteristics, participant demographics, PTSD assessment, cardiovascular outcomes, and effect estimates. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software version 4.3., Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of over 335,000 participants. The pooled analyses demonstrated a statistically significant increased risk of any CVD (HR = 1.417, 95 % CI: 1.313-1.522), MI (HR = 1.415, 95 % CI: 1.331-1.500), and stroke (HR = 2.074, 95 % CI: 1.165-2.982) associated with PTSD. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across the studies for stroke and MACE, and evidence of publication bias was noted., Conclusion: This meta-analysis confirms a significant association between PTSD and an increased risk of several cardiovascular outcomes, indicating the importance of integrating cardiovascular risk management with psychiatric care for PTSD patients to mitigate the heightened risk of CVDs. Future research should focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions to manage both PTSD and its associated cardiovascular risks effectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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26. Australia's first human case of H5N1 and the current H7 poultry outbreaks: implications for public health and biosecurity measures.

Author: Kumar P, Sharma A, Apostolopoulos V, Gaidhane AM, and Satapathy P
Abstract: Competing Interests: Authors Declare No conflict of interest.
Published: 2024
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27. Effect of Intravenous Mannitol on Intraocular Pressure Changes in Vitrectomized and Non-Vitrectomized Eyes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: Serhan HA, Gupta PC, Khatib MN, Padhi BK, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Kukreti N, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Abstract: Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) control is paramount during ophthalmic surgeries to ensure successful outcomes and prevent complications. Intravenous mannitol has been explored for its ability to manage IOP fluctuations in both vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of mannitol in controlling IOP across these patient groups., Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to March 1, 2024, focusing on studies investigating mannitol's impact on IOP in vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies were included, while case reports and review articles were excluded. The primary outcome was the change in IOP following mannitol administration. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. R software (V 4.3) was used for statistical analysis., Results: Our search included five studies of both vitrectomized (145 eyes) and non-vitrectomized eyes (91 eyes). The meta-analysis demonstrated significant IOP reductions following mannitol administration across multiple time points. Three studies were included at 30 min and 2 studies at all other time points in the analysis. In vitrectomized eyes, notable decreases were observed: at 30 min, the Ratio of Means (ROM) was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.24), indicating a 19% reduction; at 60 min, the ROM of 0.833 (95% CI: 0.77; 0.89) showed a 16.7% reduction; at 90 min, the ROM of 0.757 (95% CI: 0.755; 0.758) corresponded to a 24.3% reduction; at 2 h, the ROM of 0.726 (95% CI: 0.642; 0.820) reflected a 27.4% reduction; at 3 h, the ROM of 0.692 (95% CI: 0.600; 0.797) resulted in a 30.8% reduction; and at 4 h, the ROM of 0.700 (95% CI: 0.363; 1.350) indicated a 30% reduction. No significant changes were observed on IOP with mannitol administration when comparing vitrectomized versus non- vitrectomized eyes., Conclusion: Intravenous mannitol effectively reduces IOP in both vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized eyes, demonstrating its utility in the acute management of elevated IOP during and after ophthalmic surgeries. These findings support the integration of mannitol into perioperative care protocols. However, further research, particularly randomized controlled trials and studies with broader demographic representation, is needed to optimize mannitol's usage and fully understand its long-term safety and efficacy., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. The rising threat of Ross River virus: Climate change and its implications on public health in Australia.

Author: Kumar P, Kaur Y, Apostolopoulos V, Pant M, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS, Singh MP, and Sah S
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Published: 2024
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29. Inequalities in cardiovascular disease among elderly Indians: A gender perspective analysis using LASI wave-I (2017-18).

Author: Padhi BK, Singh S, Gaidhane AM, Abu Serhan H, Khatib MN, Zahiruddin QS, Rustagi S, Sharma RK, Sharma D, Arora M, and Satapathy P
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Health Status Disparities, India epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
Abstract: Background: While Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects both men and women, emerging evidence suggests notable gender differentials in disease prevalence. This study aims to explore and analyse the gender differentials in CVD disease prevalence in India., Methods: The present study utilizes data from first wave of the nationally representative survey "Longitudinal Ageing Study in India" (LASI, WAVE-I, 2017-18) with the eligible sample size of 31,464 individuals aged 60 years and above. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand risk of CVD by demographic characteristics. Factors contribution to gender differences in CVD prevalence was examined using a non-linear Fairlie decomposition., Results: The prevalence of CVD was lower in men (31.06%) compared to women (38.85%). Women have a 33% higher likelihood of CVD compared to men (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.25-1.42). Lack of education also confers a lower risk, more pronounced in women with no schooling (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.7-0.94) compared to men (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47-0.58). Morbidity influences CVD presence more among women than men, with individuals suffering from three or more diseases having markedly increased odds (Men: OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 3.54-4.3, Women: OR: 6.97; 95% CI: 6.48-10.11). Smoking accounted increase in (20.52%) the gender gap while years of schooling dramatically lessened the gender gap (-46.30%)., Conclusion: Result show gender differential in CVD prevalence and underlying risk factors, underscoring the need for gender-specific preventive strategies and interventions. Our findings highlight the importance of refined approach to cardiovascular health that considers the complex interplay of biological, social, and environmental determinants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest, (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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30. The emerging challenge of FLiRT variants: KP.1.1 and KP.2 in the global pandemic landscape.

Author: Kumar P, Jayan J, Sharma RK, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Subjects: Humans, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus genetics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, Pandemics, COVID-19 Vaccines, Immune Evasion genetics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Mutation
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone substantial evolution, leading to emergence of new FLiRT variants characterized by specific spike mutations-F to L at position 456 and R to T at position 346-enhancing their transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities. Particularly, KP.2 shows a significant increase in cases in the USA, indicating a potential shift in the pandemic landscape due to its greater ability to evade vaccine-induced immunity and its higher effective reproduction number compared to JN.1. This evolving scenario underscores the need for continuous monitoring and adaptive response strategies to address the challenges posed by these new variants. This abstract examines the emergence of FLiRT variants KP.2 and KP1.1, descendants of the Omicron JN.1 variant, as they draw global attention amidst the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2024
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31. First sighting of human H5N1 in Australia: A detailed account and public health implications.

Author: Verma A, Sharma D, Pant M, Khatib MN, Singh MP, Zahiruddin QS, Rustagi S, Gaidhane S, and Gaidhane AM
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Published: 2024
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32. PeRinatal, neOnatal, and Maternal OuTcomEs with azithromycin prophylaxis in pregnancy and labour (PROMOTE-PROPHYLAXIS): systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Shamim MA, Kumar J, Patil AN, Tiwari K, Sharma S, Anil A, Saravanan A, Sandeep M, Varthya SB, Singh S, Ahmed MI, Najmi A, Shamim MA, Gandhi A, Satapathy P, Sah R, Rustagi S, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS, Khatib MN, Padhi BK, Singh K, and Dwivedi P
Abstract: Background: Initial randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed that prophylactic azithromycin in pregnant women improved maternal and neonatal outcomes; however, the recent evidence did not show any benefit to neonatal survival. There is conflicting evidence over the role of azithromycin prophylaxis in antenatal and intrapartum periods. We explored whether azithromycin prophylaxis in pregnant women improves maternal and neonatal outcomes., Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis registered on PROSPERO [CRD42023411093], we searched seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Web of Science) and clinical trial registries until 04/23/2024, for RCTs evaluating antenatal/intrapartum azithromycin prophylaxis against placebo/routine care in pregnant women. The primary outcome was neonatal mortality. Intrapartum and antenatal administration were assessed separately. We used random-effects meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence., Findings: Screening 2161 records retrieved 20 RCTs (56,381 participants). Intrapartum azithromycin may make little or no difference to neonatal mortality [5 RCTs, 44,436 participants; Risk Ratio (RR): 1.02, 95% CI 0.86-1.20, I 2 = 0%, very low certainty], and maternal mortality [3 RCTs, 44,131 participants, RR: 1.26, 0.65-2.42, I 2 = 0%, low certainty]. Similarly, antenatal azithromycin may have little or no effect on neonatal mortality [3 RCTs; 5304 participants; RR: 0.74, 0.35-1.56, I 2 = 43%, very-low certainty] and maternal mortality [3 RCTs; 8167 participants RR: 1.62, 0.67-3.91, I 2 = 0%, low certainty]. There is no data on long-term adverse outcomes and antimicrobial resistance., Interpretation: Low to very low certainty evidence suggests that intrapartum or antenatal azithromycin prophylaxis in pregnant women might not reduce maternal or neonatal mortality., Funding: None., Competing Interests: None of the authors has declared competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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33. Antifungal-resistant ringworm in KwaZulu-Natal: A new challenge in infectious disease management.

Author: Satapathy P, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS, Rustagi S, and Asumah MN
Abstract: Competing Interests: We have no conflict of interest to declare.
Published: 2024
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34. Risk of Corneal Transplant Rejection Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: Gupta PC, Padhi BK, Abu Serhan H, Dziedzic A, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Kukreti N, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has initiated an unparalleled global vaccination campaign, raising concerns about the vaccine's effects on various health conditions, including the risk of corneal transplant rejection. This systematic review aimed to identify the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and rejection of corneal transplant, filling a significant gap in the existing medical literature., Methods: A literature search was performed across multiple databases up to February 12, 2024, to identify studies evaluating the risk of corneal transplant rejection post-COVID-19 vaccination. Eligible studies were original research that reported outcomes of corneal graft rejection following vaccination. Nested Knowledge web software facilitated screening and data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed for quality assessment. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the aggregated relative risk (RR) utilizing R software version 4.3., Results: Six studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with four meeting the criteria for meta-analysis. These studies varied in geographic location, surgical techniques, and types of vaccines used. The pooled RR for corneal transplant rejection following COVID-19 vaccination was 0.816 (95% CI 0.178-1.453), indicating no significant risk of rejection. No statistical heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I 2 = 0%)., Conclusions: This review and meta-analysis found no significant evidence that COVID-19 vaccination increases the risk of corneal graft rejection. However, the current evidence is insufficient to conclusively determine the vaccine's safety for corneal transplant recipients. These findings underscore the need for additional research to confirm these preliminary results and investigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccination on corneal transplants, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance to healthcare providers and patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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35. Efficacy of stem cell therapy in patients with chronic liver disease: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Author: Teng Y, Gaidhane AM, Padhi BK, Zahiruddin QS, Alhumaid S, Sharma RK, Rustagi S, Satapathy P, Sharma D, Arora M, Hazazi A, Alturaifi A, AlRshoud MA, Zaidan AA, Almosa FAM, Alzayer SA, Al Alqam R, Alhajaji R, and Rabaan AA
Abstract: Background: Stem cell therapy offers promising benefits like modulating immune responses, reducing inflammation, and aiding liver regeneration. This umbrella review seeks to compile evidence from systematic reviews to assess the efficacy of stem cell therapy for improving liver function and survival rates in chronic liver disease patients., Methods: We searched electronic databases up to February 15, 2024. The selection process focused on systematic reviews comparing stem cell therapy with standard care or a placebo. The primary outcomes evaluated were changes in liver enzymes, the MELD score, and survival rates. Nested Knowledge software was utilized for screening and data extraction. All statistical analyses were performed using R software, version 4.3., Results: Our umbrella review included 28 systematic reviews. The meta-analysis showcased a notable improvement in survival rates with a pooled RR of 1.487 (95% CI: 1.281 to 1.727). In non-randomized studies, albumin levels exhibited an SMD of 0.786 (95% CI: 0.368 to 1.204), indicating positive therapeutic effects. For ALT, the meta-analysis revealed a decrease in levels with an SMD of -0.499 (95% CI: -0.834 to -0.164), and for AST, an overall SMD of -0.362 (95% CI: -0.659 to -0.066) was observed, suggesting hepatoprotective effects. No significant changes were observed in total bilirubin levels and MELD scores in RCTs., Conclusion: Stem cell therapy exhibits potential as a novel treatment for chronic liver diseases, as it has demonstrated improvements in survival rates and certain liver function markers. More high-quality RCTs are needed in the future to fully ascertain the efficacy of stem cell therapy in this patient population., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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36. Smokeless tobacco consumption among women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Itumalla R, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Neyazi A, Hassam AF, Satapathy P, Rustagi S, Kukreti N, and Padhi BK
Subjects: Humans, Female, Prevalence, Adult, Pregnancy, Tobacco, Smokeless statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use epidemiology
Abstract: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) poses many negative health impacts. Despite its longstanding presence in societies across the world, the health implications of SLT have only been rigorously studied in recent decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global prevalence of SLT use among women of reproductive age. Relevant articles were extracted from databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus from their inception until November 11, 2023. Observational studies reporting the number of SLT users among women of reproductive age were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model to determine SLT prevalence, supported by statistical tools like forest plots, I 2 statistics, and sensitivity analyses to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the results. All statistical analyses were performed in R version 4.3. From 10 studies involving 2,053,667 participants, a pooled prevalence for SLT use among women of reproductive age was found to be 9.3% (95% CI: 0.038 to 0.21), with significant heterogeneity among studies (I 2 = 100%). Publication bias was suspected among the studies. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis couldn't resolve the heterogeneity. Our analysis shows a significant prevalence of SLT use in women of reproductive age, especially in low socioeconomic and developing countries like India, Pakistan, and Nepal. For women of reproductive age, the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) can lead to infertility, pregnancy complications, and adverse fetal outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. The results highlight the necessity for specific public health measures and policy changes to decrease SLT consumption among reproductive-age women. Further studies are needed to investigate the reasons behind SLT usage in this group and to assess the impact of intervention strategies, to guide more effective public health initiatives and policies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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37. Noma in the WHO's list of neglected tropical diseases: A review of its impact on undeveloped and developing tropical regions.

Author: Verma A, Zaheer A, Ahsan A, Anand A, Abu Serhan H, Nazli Khatib M, Syed Zahiruddin Q, Gaidhane AM, Kukreti N, Rustagi S, Satapathy P, Sharma D, Arora M, and Kumar Sharma R
Abstract: Background: Noma is a neglected tropical disease and a global health concern., Objectives: To elucidate the epidemiology, management, prevention, and public health implications of Noma., Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, supplemented by Google Scholar and World Health Organization databases, were searched using keywords to gather both published and grey literature from 1970 to 2023 in English., Results: Approximately 30,000-40,000 cases occur annually, with varying incidences across various African countries, such as Nigeria, Niger, and Chad. Incidence in Nigerian and Ethiopian states range from 0.6 to 3300 and 1.64 to 13.4 per 100,000 population, respectively. Mortality is approximately 8.5% in Niger. Risk factors include malnutrition, immunocompromised status, poor dental hygiene, inadequate sanitation, gingival lesions, low socioeconomic status, chronic and infectious diseases, low birth weight, high parity, diarrhoea, and fever. Diagnosis is primarily made based on clinical signs/symptoms and accordingly staging of disease is done. Stage I, II and II presents with acute necrotizing gingivitis, facial edema with halitosis, and necrotizing stomatitis, respectively. If the patient survives acute stages, the progress to Stage IV and Stage V manifests as trismus, difficulty in deglutition and phonation, and facial disfigurement, with increased severity in last stage. Treatment encompasses antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin, metronidazole, chlorhexidine, ampicillin, gentamicin), surgical interventions, wound management (honey dressing, ketamine), and nutritional support. Prevention strategies include oral hygiene, vaccination, health education, and community-based interventions., Conclusion: Noma's recent inclusion in WHO list of neglected tropical diseases is a milestone in recognizing the importance of prevention and early intervention to globally enhance health outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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38. Climate change and its role in the emergence of new tick-borne Yezo virus.

Author: Kumar P, Priyanshu P, Sharma RK, Sharma D, Arora M, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS, Rustagi S, Mawejje E, and Satapathy P
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Published: 2024
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39. Beyond neurology: unravelling Nipah virus's cardiovascular conundrum-an editorial.

Author: Verma A, Anand A, Khatib MN, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Kukreti N, Rustagi S, and Satapathy P
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare no financial interests relevant to this study to disclose.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.
Published: 2024
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40. Association of air pollution with risk and severity of obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Alrahbeni T, Gupta JK, Alkhouri A, Kumar LA, Mahal A, Al-Mugheed K, Satapathy P, Kukreti N, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, Mohanty D, and Padhi BK
Subjects: Humans, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Severity of Illness Index, Risk Factors, Nitrogen Dioxide adverse effects, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive epidemiology, Air Pollution adverse effects
Abstract: Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a significant health concern characterized by recurrent upper airway blockages during sleep, causing various health issues. There's growing evidence of a link between air pollution and OSA, though research results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to consolidate and examine data on the relationship between air pollution and OSA's risk and severity., Methods: A literature search across PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted until January 10, 2024. The selection criteria targeted studies involving OSA participants or those at risk, with quantitative air pollution assessments. The Nested Knowledge software facilitated screening and data extraction, while the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Meta-analyses, utilizing random-effects models, computed pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the OSA risk associated with PM2.5 and NO2 exposure, analyzed using R software version 4.3., Results: The systematic review included twelve studies, four of which were analyzed in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed diverse results on the association of PM2.5 and NO2 with OSA risk. PM2.5 exposure showed a pooled OR of 0.987 (95 % CI: 0.836-1.138), indicating no substantial overall impact on OSA risk. Conversely, NO2 exposure was linked to a pooled OR of 1.095 (95 % CI: 0.920-1.270), a non-significant increase in risk. Many studies found a relationship between air pollution exposure and elevated Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) levels, indicating a relationship between air pollution and OSA severity., Conclusion: The findings suggest air pollutants, especially NO2, might play a role in worsening OSA risk and severity, but the evidence isn't definitive. This highlights the variability of different pollutants' effects and the necessity for more research. Understanding these links is vital for shaping public health policies and clinical approaches to address OSA amidst high air pollution., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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41. Nurturing child growth and development through maternal agency.

Author: Handa A, Gaidhane AM, and Choudhari SG
Abstract: Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2024
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42. Association of neighborhood deprivation and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Satapathy P, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, Rustagi S, Serhan HA, and Padhi BK
Subjects: Humans, Public Health, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertension etiology
Abstract: Background: Hypertension impacts nearly one billion individuals and is a primary health challenge. While traditional perspectives have focused on individual behavior and genetics as principal risk factors, recent research underscores the profound influence of socioeconomic factors within neighborhoods on the risk of hypertension. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed to elucidate the association between neighborhood deprivation and the risk of hypertension., Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception until December 25, 2023. Observational studies defining neighborhood deprivation and reporting hypertension incidence were included. Nested Knowledge software was used for screening and data extraction, with study quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analysis was performed with R software (V 4.3), using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR)., Results: Twenty-six studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 22 in the meta-analysis, covering over 62 million participants. The pooled RR was 1.139 (95% CI: 1.006 - 1.290), p=0.04, indicating a higher hypertension risk in deprived neighborhoods. Subgroup analyses showed variability by country and deprivation assessment methods. RR varied from 1.00 in Japan (95% CI: 0.93-1.08) to 1.60 (95% CI: 1.07-2.39) in France and 1.57 (95% CI: 0.67-3.70) in Germany, with significant heterogeneity observed in measures of neighborhood deprivation., Conclusion: Our analysis confirms a significant association between neighborhood deprivation and hypertension, underscoring the importance of socioeconomic factors in public health. It highlights the need for targeted local assessments and interventions. Future research should explore the causal mechanisms and effectiveness of interventions addressing neighborhood deprivation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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43. Addressing the Multifaceted Challenge of Salmonella: Comprehensive Analysis of a Recent Outbreak and Future Strategies.

Author: Verma A, Anand A, Kanagala SG, Satapathy P, Gaidhane AM, and Zahiruddin QS
Subjects: Humans, Salmonella, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control
Abstract: Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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44. The Emerging Concern of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Humans.

Author: Verma A, Anand A, Satapathy P, Gaidhane AM, Zahiruddin QS, and Sanker V
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Wasting Disease, Chronic
Abstract: Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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45. Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: An umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Author: Ran J, Dziedzic A, Naser IH, Itumalla R, Gupta JK, Rustagi S, Satapathy P, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Gaidhane AM, and Sah R
Abstract: Background: Stem cell therapy (SCT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic avenue, with various cell types being explored for their efficacy in treating DCM. However, the safety and efficacy of these therapies have been the subject of numerous systematic reviews. This umbrella review aims to consolidate the existing evidence on stem cell interventions for DCM, providing a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape., Methods: This review was conducted following the JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety and efficacy of SCT for DCM were included. Outcomes such as 6MWT, LVEDD, LVEF, MACE, NYHA, and QoL, among others, were considered. A literature search was executed across databases like PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database up to October 07, 2023. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using the JBI Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Data synthesis was carried out in both narrative and tabular formats, with the GRADE criteria guiding the determination of evidence certainty., Results: Nine systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. LVEF found to be significantly improved with SCT. LVEDD and LVEDV assessments yielded mixed results, with some reviews observing significant changes. LVESV showed consistent reductions across multiple studies. BNP concentrations post-interventions were explored in several studies, with mixed findings. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) showed varied results, with some studies noting improvements and others finding no significant differences. NYHA classifications and 6-MWT results indicated potential benefits from stem cell treatments. SCT was observed to be generally safe. The certainty of evidence was low or very low for most of outcomes., Conclusion: SCT showed has shown promise in treating DCM, with many studies highlighting its safety and potential benefits. Nonetheless, the existing data has its limitations due to biases in the RCTs studies. To truly establish the benefits of SCT for DCM, future high quality RCTS, are crucial., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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46. Comparison of health care professionals' and laypeople's knowledge, attitudes, and practices on the use of antimicrobial and antimicrobial resistance.

Author: Turankar TB, Gaidhane SA, Gaidhane AM, Sorte AG, and Sawale SR
Abstract: Background: The discovery of antimicrobials is a pioneering step in health sciences concerning preventive care and early management for infectious diseases. However, with advancements in health sciences, inappropriate knowledge, practices, and over-the-counter medications were often used by the general population in underdeveloped nations like India without thinking about its consequences which leads to the use of antimicrobials excessively or inadequately, which is also a factor for antimicrobial resistance. This quantitative study determines the awareness of healthcare professionals and laypersons about usage and resistance of antimicrobials., Methods and Materials: Research was carried out in rural tertiary teaching hospital of study participants were 106 nurses, 115 interns, 107 junior residents, and 97 laypersons using a "self-administered WHO questionnaire". SPSS version 27.0 software was used to analyze the data. The P value cut-off for significance was established at <.05., Results: Forty seven percent of nurses and 44% of interns consumed antimicrobials in the last month, more than interns and junior residents. Fourteen percent of interns and 13% of laypersons did not get any prescription for lastly taken antimicrobial. The majority of participants obtain prescribed antimicrobials from medical stores and pharmacies. Fifty five percent of laypersons and 59% of nurses stop taking antimicrobials when they feel better. Only 13% of nurses were aware of the proper indications of antimicrobials for the same illness. Only 22% of respondents know the term superbugs, significantly less than the other key terms related to the antimicrobials. Nurses and laypersons had some misconceptions related to the mechanism of development of antimicrobial resistance., Conclusions: The analysis revealed that a significant lack of knowledge and various misconceptions were primarily seen in the nurses and laypersons. In contrast, medical graduates such as interns and junior residents lacked the right attitude and perspective regarding the use of antimicrobials and their resistance., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)
Published: 2023
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47. Substance Abuse Amongst Adolescents: An Issue of Public Health Significance.

Author: Nath A, Choudhari SG, Dakhode SU, Rannaware A, and Gaidhane AM
Abstract: Adolescence is a crucial time for biological, psychological, and social development. It is also a time when substance addiction and its adverse effects are more likely to occur. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to the negative long-term effects of substance use, including mental health illnesses, sub-par academic performance, substance use disorders, and higher chances of getting addicted to alcohol and marijuana. Over the past few decades, there have been substantial changes in the types of illegal narcotics people consume. The present article deals with the review of substance abuse as a public health problem, its determinants, and implications seen among adolescents. A systematic literature search using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was undertaken to search all relevant literature on teenage stimulant use. The findings have been organized into categories to cover essential aspects like epidemiology, neurobiology, prevention, and treatment. The review showed that substance addiction among adolescents between 12 to 19 years is widespread, though national initiatives exist to support young employment and their development. Research on psychological risk factors for teenage substance abuse is vast, wherein conduct disorders, including aggression, impulsivity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, have been mentioned as risk factors for substance use. Parents' attitudes toward drugs, alcohol, academic and peer pressure, stress, and physical outlook are key determinants. Teenage drug usage has a significant negative impact on users, families, and society as a whole. It was found that a lot has been done to provide correct intervention to those in need with the constant development of programs and rehabilitative centers to safeguard the delicate minds of youths and prevent them from using intoxicants. Still, there is much need for stringent policy and program guidelines to curb this societal menace., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Nath et al.)
Published: 2022
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48. The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health of General Population: A Narrative Review.

Author: Vishwakarma D, Gaidhane AM, and Choudhari SG
Abstract: Mental wellness is a crucial component of happiness. A person is happy with better relationships, financial stability, good mental health, and longevity. Disinformation, stigma, ongoing isolation, and disruption of daily activities are all quite prevalent. Any of these elements may impact one's mental health. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has taken several steps to address COVID's mental health concerns. In addition to frontline healthcare personnel, who engage in dealing with COVID-19, the general population's mental health was also at stake due to the unprecedented and catastrophic emergency of COVID. Various keywords, including MeSH terms, were used in PubMed and Google Scholar searches. This paper was based on previously available data and article searches on how COVID-19 affected the mental health of the general population and the elements that may influence it. Quarantine and self-isolation have been found to have affected people's daily livelihoods and behaviors, leading to increased feelings of loneliness, anxiety, dejection, insomnia, risky alcohol and drug use, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts. Many of the victims of COVID-19 who were critical survivors exhibited lasting psychological harm a year after being discharged, including high anxiety levels, melancholy, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Healthcare employees too experienced significant psychological consequences due to factors such as an excessive workload or the number of hours worked, inadequate personal safety equipment, overly enthusiastic media coverage, and a sense of being under-supported. As a result of this major disaster, mental health concerns have surfaced, perhaps leading to long-term health problems, loneliness, and guilt. To reduce this deportment, global health solutions should be used, particularly while executing the isolation/quarantine and dealing with the people with fear and vulnerability. The mental health of the general population should be at the forefront of any worldwide response., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Vishwakarma et al.)
Published: 2022
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49. Role of Art Therapy in the Promotion of Mental Health: A Critical Review.

Author: Shukla A, Choudhari SG, Gaidhane AM, and Quazi Syed Z
Abstract: Art therapy is used most commonly to treat mental illnesses and can aid in controlling manifestations correlated with psychosocially challenging behaviours, slowing cognitive decline, and enhancing the quality of life. Art therapy can help people express themselves more freely, improve their mental health, and improve interpersonal relationships. The basis of art therapy is established on the idea that people can recover and feel better via artistic expression. This review examines the current research on how active participation in the arts might improve mental health. A detailed literature search was carried out utilizing essential databases such as PubMed, the WHO's mental health database, and Google and Google Scholar. This review study looks into research done on art therapy and its potential advantages for adult mental health rehabilitation. It focuses on visual art therapy since it's a key to reducing variation within the "creative arts" and defines the peculiar elements and effectiveness of art therapy used by mental health services. It was found that the use of art therapy as an adjunct treatment showed improved mental health in patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Shukla et al.)
Published: 2022
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50. WASH to control COVID-19: A rapid review.

Author: Khatib MN, Sinha A, Mishra G, Quazi SZ, Gaidhane S, Saxena D, Gaidhane AM, Bhardwaj P, Sawleshwarkar S, and Zahiruddin QS
Subjects: Hand Disinfection, Humans, Incidence, Pandemics, Public Health, COVID-19
Abstract: Background: Preventive public health has been suggested as methods for reducing the transmission of COVID-19. Safety and efficacy of one such public health measure: WASH intervention for COVID-19 has not been systematically reviewed. We undertook a rapid review to assess the effect of WASH intervention in reducing the incidence of COVID-19., Methods: We conducted searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. We undertook screening of studies in two stages and extracted data and assessed the quality of evidence for the primary outcome using GRADE recommendations., Main Results: We included a total of 13 studies with three studies on COVID-19 and 10 on SARS. The study found that hand washing, sterilization of hands, gargling, cleaning/shower after attending patients of COVID-19, or SARS was protective. Evidence also found that frequent washes can prevent SARS transmission among HCWs. However; one study reported that due to enhanced infection-prevention measures, front-line HCWs are more prone to hand-skin damage. The certainty of the evidence for our primary outcome as per GRADE was very low. We did not find any studies that assessed the effect of WASH on hospitalizations, and mortality due to COVID-19. Also; we did not find any study that compared WASH interventions with any other public health measures., Conclusions: Current evidence of WASH interventions for COVID-19 is limited as it is largely based on indirect evidence from SARS. Findings from the included studies consistently show that WASH is important in reducing the number of cases during a pandemic. Timely implementation of WASH along with other public health interventions can be vital to ensure the desired success. Further good-quality studies providing direct evidence of the efficacy of WASH on COVID-19 are needed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Khatib, Sinha, Mishra, Quazi, Gaidhane, Saxena, Gaidhane, Bhardwaj, Sawleshwarkar and Zahiruddin.)
Published: 2022
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