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1. Utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Critically Ill Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients

Author

Xu X, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Gai W, and Yang Z

Subjects
infectious diseases, immunocompromised, pediatrics, mngs, clinical impact, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Xiangzhi Xu,1,&ast; Yafeng Zheng,2,&ast; Xiaojing Zhang,2,&ast; Chenmei Zhang,1 Wei Gai,2 Zihao Yang1 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zihao Yang, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email 6200038@zju.edu.cn Wei Gai, Willing Med Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, No.156 Jinghai 4th Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email weigai@willingmed.comPurpose: Infections cause high rates of illness and death in children worldwide. However, studies on the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for immunocompromised children are still limited.Patients and Methods: From June 2021 to December 2023, 119 samples were collected at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a single-center pediatric hospital and classified into two groups based on their immune states. We compared the diagnostic performance of mNGS and conventional microbiological test (CMT) for pathogen identification, and assessed the clinical impacts of mNGS.Results: Among the 119 samples, 48 (40.34%) belonged to the immunocompromised children. mNGS had a higher positivity rate than CMT (76.47% vs 55.46%, P = 0.0006). The positive percent agreement (PPA) of mNGS for immunocompromised children was higher compared to immunocompetent children (95.24% vs 77.78%). The most common pathogens for immunocompromised patients were gram-negative bacteria and herpesvirus. However, immunocompetent children showed a higher detection rate for gram-positive bacteria and respiratory viruses. Furthermore, the proportions of the positive impact of mNGS results were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients compared to immunocompetent patients for both diagnosis (91.67% vs 57.75%) and treatment (95.83% vs 64.79%) (P < 0.0001). Immunocompromised state, length of hospital stays, times stay in ICU, Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score, neutrophil percentage (NEUT%) and the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) were considered independent factors for poor prognosis in critically ill pediatric patients.Conclusion: In patients from PICU, mNGS had a greater clinical significance in immunocompromised children compared to immunocompetent children. mNGS technology is an important auxiliary method for achieving accurate diagnosis and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients.Keywords: infectious diseases, immunocompromised, pediatrics, mNGS, clinical impact

Published
2024

2. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Mediated Hepatic Infarction Septic Shock After Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Case Report

Author

Li Y, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Gao Y, Shu G, Gai W, Guo Y, and Deng X

Subjects
hepatic infarction, mngs, hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae, septic shock, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Yuanfei Li,1,&ast; Yong Yang,1,&ast; Yafeng Zheng,2,&ast; Yang Gao,3 Guoliang Shu,4 Wei Gai,2 Yuxin Guo,2 Xianghui Deng1 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xianghui Deng, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613974833075, Email 853275395@qq.comAbstract: The liver receives blood from both the hepatic artery and portal vein. Hepatic infarction is rare in clinical practice as both the hepatic artery and portal vein can supply blood to the liver. Here, we reported a case of a 75-year-old man who underwent radical laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer and subsequently developed hepatic infarction. The patient experienced severe infection, as well as circulatory and respiratory failure on the third day after surgery. The patient presented with high fever, chest tightness, shortness of breath, decreased blood oxygen saturation and blood pressure. The leukocyte count decreased from 8.10 × 10^9/L to 1.75 × 10^9/L. Procalcitonin (PCT) levels increased from 1.02 ng/mL to 67.14 ng/mL, and eventually reaching levels over 200 ng/mL. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of hepatic infarction, but no thrombosis was observed in the hepatic artery or portal vein. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) in the patient’s blood and ascites, one day earlier than the detection results using traditional culture methods. The patient was diagnosed with hepatic infarction combined with septic shock caused by hvKp. This case emphasizes that in the high-risk group of thrombosis, infection can trigger exacerbated hepatic infarction events, particularly in cases after surgical procedures. For severely ill patients with infectious diseases who are admitted to the ICU with worsening symptoms, it is important to collect appropriate samples and send them for pathogen detection using mNGS in a timely manner. This may aid in early intervention and improve clinical outcomes.Keywords: hepatic infarction, mNGS, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, septic shock

Published
2024

3. Disseminated Histoplasmosis Infection Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report

Author

Qiang L, Deng X, Yang Y, Wang Z, and Gai W

Subjects
metagenomic next generation sequencing, disseminated histoplasmosis, multifocal osteolytic lesions, diagnosis, histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum., Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Lei Qiang,1 Xianghui Deng,1 Yong Yang,1 Zhigan Wang,2 Wei Gai3 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xianghui Deng, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China, Email dengxianghui1@zsszxyy2.wecom.workAbstract: Histoplasmosis is an endemic disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. This systemic disease can affect various organs beyond the lungs, such as the liver, spleen, adrenal gland, and lymph nodes. The clinical symptoms can range from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening conditions, depending on the state of the patient’s immune system. This report describes a 40-year-old male who presented with reports of weight loss, low back pain, and progressively worsening movement disorder of the bilateral lower extremities for months. Computed tomography (CT) examination showed multiple lytic lesions of vertebral bodies, bilateral ribs, and pelvic bone, histopathological examination and tumor-related serum markers exclude tumors. mNGS was employed to identify H. capsulatum var. capsulatum as the etiological agent of the lesions in the bone biopsy. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, Histoplasma capsulatum var. Capsulatum (Hcc) was the main responsible pathogen, rarely reported in bone lesions. The patient underwent spinal surgery and was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole. Based on the diagnosis and treatment of this case, we discuss the epidemiologic status, clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment guidelines of histoplasmosis to provide additional information about this disease. mNGS is utilized in this case, and it appears to be a reliable method for early and accurate diagnosis of this disease.Keywords: metagenomic next generation sequencing, disseminated histoplasmosis, multifocal osteolytic lesions, diagnosis, Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum

Published
2024

4. The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

Author

CLIC, The, collaborations, CLICdp, Charles, T. K., Giansiracusa, P. J., Lucas, T. G., Rassool, R. P., Volpi, M., Balazs, C., Afanaciev, K., Makarenko, V., Patapenka, A., Zhuk, I., Collette, C., Boland, M. J., Hoffman, A. C. Abusleme, Diaz, M. A., Garay, F., Chi, Y., He, X., Pei, G., Pei, S., Shu, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., Chen, H., Gao, Y., Huang, W., Kuang, Y. P., Li, B., Li, Y., Meng, X., Shao, J., Shi, J., Tang, C., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zha, H., Ma, L., Han, Y., Fang, W., Gu, Q., Huang, D., Huang, X., Tan, J., Wang, Z., Zhao, Z., Uggerhøj, U. I., Wistisen, T. N., Aabloo, A., Aare, R., Kuppart, K., Vigonski, S., Zadin, V., Aicheler, M., Baibuz, E., Brücken, E., Djurabekova, F., Eerola, P., Garcia, F., Haeggström, E., Huitu, K., Jansson, V., Kassamakov, I., Kimari, J., Kyritsakis, A., Lehti, S., Meriläinen, A., Montonen, R., Nordlund, K., Österberg, K., Saressalo, A., Väinölä, J., Veske, M., Farabolini, W., Mollard, A., Peauger, F., Plouin, J., Bambade, P., Chaikovska, I., Chehab, R., Delerue, N., Davier, M., Faus-Golfe, A., Irles, A., Kaabi, W., LeDiberder, F., Pöschl, R., Zerwas, D., Aimard, B., Balik, G., Blaising, J. -J., Brunetti, L., Chefdeville, M., Dominjon, A., Drancourt, C., Geoffroy, N., Jacquemier, J., Jeremie, A., Karyotakis, Y., Nappa, J. M., Serluca, M., Vilalte, S., Vouters, G., Bernhard, A., Bründermann, E., Casalbuoni, S., Hillenbrand, S., Gethmann, J., Grau, A., Huttel, E., Müller, A. -S., Peiffer, P., Perić, I., de Jauregui, D. Saez, Emberger, L., Graf, C., Simon, F., Szalay, M., van der Kolk, N., Brass, S., Kilian, W., Alexopoulos, T., Apostolopoulos, T., Gazis, E. N., Gazis, N., Kostopoulos, V., Kourkoulis, S., Heilig, B., Lichtenberger, J., Shrivastava, P., Dayyani, M. K., Ghasem, H., Hajari, S. S., Shaker, H., Ashkenazy, Y., Popov, I., Engelberg, E., Yashar, A., Abramowicz, H., Benhammou, Y., Borysov, O., Borysova, M., Levy, A., Levy, I., Alesini, D., Bellaveglia, M., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, A., Diomede, M., Ferrario, M., Gallo, A., Ghigo, A., Giribono, A., Piersanti, L., Stella, A., Vaccarezza, C., de Blas, J., Franceschini, R., D'Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Abe, T., Aryshev, A., Fukuda, M., Furukawa, K., Hayano, H., Higashi, Y., Higo, T., Kubo, K., Kuroda, S., Matsumoto, S., Michizono, S., Naito, T., Okugi, T., Shidara, T., Tauchi, T., Terunuma, N., Urakawa, J., Yamamoto, A., Raboanary, R., Luiten, O. J., Stragier, X. F. D., Hart, R., van der Graaf, H., Eigen, G., Adli, E., Lindstrøm, C. A., Lillestøl, R., Malina, L., Pfingstner, J., Sjobak, K. N., Ahmad, A., Hoorani, H., Khan, W. A., Bugiel, S., Bugiel, R., Firlej, M., Fiutowski, T. A., Idzik, M., Moroń, J., Świentek, K. P., de Renstrom, P. Brückman, Krupa, B., Kucharczyk, M., Lesiak, T., Pawlik, B., Sopicki, P., Turbiarz, B., Wojtoń, T., Zawiejski, L. K., Kalinowski, J., Nowak, K., Żarnecki, A. F., Firu, E., Ghenescu, V., Neagu, A. T., Preda, T., Zgura, I. S., Aloev, A., Azaryan, N., Boyko, I., Budagov, J., Chizhov, M., Filippova, M., Glagolev, V., Gongadze, A., Grigoryan, S., Gudkov, D., Karjavine, V., Lyablin, M., Nefedov, Yu., Olyunin, A., Rymbekova, A., Samochkine, A., Sapronov, A., Shelkov, G., Shirkov, G., Soldatov, V., Solodko, E., Trubnikov, G., Tyapkin, I., Uzhinsky, V., Vorozhtov, A., Zhemchugov, A., Levichev, E., Mezentsev, N., Piminov, P., Shatilov, D., Vobly, P., Zolotarev, K., Jelisavčić, I. Božović, Kačarević, G., Dumbelović, G. Milutinović, Pandurović, M., Radulović, M., Stevanović, J., Vukasinović, N., Lee, D. -H., Ayala, N., Benedetti, G., Guenzel, T., Iriso, U., Marti, Z., Perez, F., Pont, M., Trenado, J., Ruiz-Jimeno, A., Vila, I., Calero, J., Dominguez, M., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gavela, D., Lopez, D., Toral, F., Gutierrez, C. Blanch, Boronat, M., Esperante, D., Fullana, E., Fuster, J., García, I., Gimeno, B., Lopez, P. Gomis, González, D., Perelló, M., Ros, E., Villarejo, M. A., Vnuchenko, A., Vos, M., Borgmann, Ch., Brenner, R., Ekelöf, T., Jacewicz, M., Olvegård, M., Ruber, R., Ziemann, V., Aguglia, D., Gonzalvo, J. Alabau, Leon, M. Alcaide, Tehrani, N. Alipour, Anastasopoulos, M., Andersson, A., Andrianala, F., Antoniou, F., Apyan, A., Arominski, D., Artoos, K., Assly, S., Atieh, S., Baccigalupi, C., Sune, R. Ballabriga, Caballero, D. Banon, Barnes, M. J., Garcia, J. Barranco, Bartalesi, A., Bauche, J., Bayar, C., Belver-Aguilar, C., Morell, A. Benot, Bernardini, M., Bett, D. R., Bettoni, S., Bettencourt, M., Bielawski, B., Garcia, O. Blanco, Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic, Bolzon, B., Bonnin, X. A., Bozzini, D., Branger, E., Brondolin, E., Brunner, O., Buckland, M., Bursali, H., Burkhardt, H., Caiazza, D., Calatroni, S., Campbell, M., Lasheras, N. Catalan, Cassany, B., Castro, E., Soares, R. H. Cavaleiro, Bastos, M. Cerqueira, Cherif, A., Chevallay, E., Cilento, V., Corsini, R., Costa, R., Cure, B., Curt, S., Gobbo, A. Dal, Dannheim, D., Daskalaki, E., Deacon, L., Degiovanni, A., De Michele, G., De Oliveira, L., Romano, V. Del Pozo, Delahaye, J. P., Delikaris, D., de Almeida, P. G. Dias, Dobers, T., Doebert, S., Doytchinov, I., Draper, M., Ramos, F. Duarte, Duquenne, M., Plaja, N. Egidos, Elsener, K., Esberg, J., Esposito, M., Evans, L., Fedosseev, V., Ferracin, P., Fiergolski, A., Foraz, K., Fowler, A., Friebel, F., Fuchs, J-F., Gaddi, A., Gamba, D., Fajardo, L. Garcia, Morales, H. Garcia, Garion, C., Gasior, M., Gatignon, L., Gayde, J-C., Gerbershagen, A., Gerwig, H., Giambelli, G., Gilardi, A., Goldblatt, A. N., Anton, S. Gonzalez, Grefe, C., Grudiev, A., Guerin, H., Guillot-Vignot, F. G., Gutt-Mostowy, M. L., Lutz, M. Hein, Hessler, C., Holma, J. K., Holzer, E. B., Hourican, M., Hynds, D., Ikarios, E., Levinsen, Y. Inntjore, Janssens, S., Jeff, A., Jensen, E., Jonker, M., Kamugasa, S. W., Kastriotou, M., Kemppinen, J. M. K., Khan, V., Kieffer, R. B., Klempt, W., Kokkinis, N., Kossyvakis, I., Kostka, Z., Korsback, A., Platia, E. Koukovini, Kovermann, J. W., Kozsar, C-I., Kremastiotis, I., Kröger, J., Kulis, S., Latina, A., Leaux, F., Lebrun, P., Lefevre, T., Leogrande, E., Linssen, L., Liu, X., Cudie, X. Llopart, Magnoni, S., Maidana, C., Maier, A. A., Durand, H. Mainaud, Mallows, S., Manosperti, E., Marelli, C., Lacoma, E. Marin, Marsh, S., Martin, R., Martini, I., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Mcmonagle, G., Mether, L. M., Meynier, C., Modena, M., Moilanen, A., Mondello, R., Cabral, P. B. Moniz, Irazabal, N. Mouriz, Munker, M., Muranaka, T., Nadenau, J., Navarro, J. G., Quirante, J. L. Navarro, Del Busto, E. Nebo, Nikiforou, N., Ninin, P., Nonis, M., Nisbet, D., Nuiry, F. X., Nürnberg, A., Ögren, J., Osborne, J., Ouniche, A. C., Pan, R., Papadopoulou, S., Papaphilippou, Y., Paraskaki, G., Pastushenko, A., Passarelli, A., Patecki, M., Pazdera, L., Pellegrini, D., Pepitone, K., Codina, E. Perez, Fontenla, A. Perez, Persson, T. H. B., Petrič, M., Pitman, S., Pitters, F., Pittet, S., Plassard, F., Popescu, D., Quast, T., Rajamak, R., Redford, S., Remandet, L., Renier, Y., Rey, S. F., Orozco, O. Rey, Riddone, G., Castro, E. Rodriguez, Roloff, P., Rossi, C., Rossi, F., Rude, V., Ruehl, I., Rumolo, G., Sailer, A., Sandomierski, J., Santin, E., Sanz, C., Bedolla, J. Sauza, Schnoor, U., Schmickler, H., Schulte, D., Senes, E., Serpico, C., Severino, G., Shipman, N., Sicking, E., Simoniello, R., Skowronski, P. K., Mompean, P. Sobrino, Soby, L., Sollander, P., Solodko, A., Sosin, M. P., Spannagel, S., Sroka, S., Stapnes, S., Sterbini, G., Stern, G., Ström, R., Stuart, M. J., Syratchev, I., Szypula, K., Tecker, F., Thonet, P. A., Thrane, P., Timeo, L., Tiirakari, M., Garcia, R. Tomas, Tomoiaga, C. I., Valerio, P., Vaňát, T., Vamvakas, A. L., Van Hoorne, J., Viazlo, O., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Vitoratou, N., Vlachakis, V., Weber, M. A., Wegner, R., Wendt, M., Widorski, M., Williams, O. E., Williams, M., Woolley, B., Wuensch, W., Wulzer, A., Uythoven, J., Xydou, A., Yang, R., Zelios, A., Zhao, Y., Zisopoulos, P., Benoit, M., Sultan, D M S, Riva, F., Bopp, M., Braun, H. H., Craievich, P., Dehler, M., Garvey, T., Pedrozzi, M., Raguin, J. Y., Rivkin, L., Zennaro, R., Guillaume, S., Rothacher, M., Aksoy, A., Nergiz, Z., Yavas, Ö., Denizli, H., Keskin, U., Oyulmaz, K. Y., Senol, A., Ciftci, A. K., Baturin, V., Karpenko, O., Kholodov, R., Lebed, O., Lebedynskyi, S., Mordyk, S., Musienko, I., Profatilova, Ia., Storizhko, V., Bosley, R. R., Price, T., Watson, M. F., Watson, N. K., Winter, A. G., Goldstein, J., Green, S., Marshall, J. S., Thomson, M. A., Xu, B., You, T., Gillespie, W. A., Spannowsky, M., Beggan, C., Martin, V., Zhang, Y., Protopopescu, D., Robson, A., Apsimon, R. J., Bailey, I., Burt, G. C., Dexter, A. C., Edwards, A. V., Hill, V., Jamison, S., Millar, W. L., Papke, K., Casse, G., Vossebeld, J., Aumeyr, T., Bergamaschi, M., Bobb, L., Bosco, A., Boogert, S., Boorman, G., Cullinan, F., Gibson, S., Karataev, P., Kruchinin, K., Lekomtsev, K., Lyapin, A., Nevay, L., Shields, W., Snuverink, J., Towler, J., Yamakawa, E., Boisvert, V., West, S., Jones, R., Joshi, N., Bett, D., Bodenstein, R. M., Bromwich, T., Burrows, P. N., Christian, G. B., Gohil, C., Korysko, P., Paszkiewicz, J., Perry, C., Ramjiawan, R., Roberts, J., Coates, T., Salvatore, F., Bainbridge, A., Clarke, J. A., Krumpa, N., Shepherd, B. J. A., Walsh, D., Chekanov, S., Demarteau, M., Gai, W., Liu, W., Metcalfe, J., Power, J., Repond, J., Weerts, H., Xia, L., Zupan, J., Wells, J. D., Zhang, Z., Adolphsen, C., Barklow, T., Dolgashev, V., Franzi, M., Graf, N., Hewett, J., Kemp, M., Kononenko, O., Markiewicz, T., Moffeit, K., Neilson, J., Nosochkov, Y., Oriunno, M., Phinney, N., Rizzo, T., Tantawi, S., Wang, J., Weatherford, B., White, G., and Woodley, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years., Comment: 112 pages, 59 figures; published as CERN Yellow Report Monograph Vol. 2/2018; corresponding editors: Philip N. Burrows, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Lucie Linssen, Marko Petri\v{c}, Aidan Robson, Daniel Schulte, Eva Sicking, Steinar Stapnes

Published
2018
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6. Spatial Control of Photoemitted Electron Beams using a Micro-Lens-Array Transverse-Shaping Technique

Author

Halavanau, A., Qiang, G., Ha, G., Wisniewski, E., Piot, P., Power, J. G., and Gai, W.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A common issue encountered in photoemission electron sources used in electron accelerators is the transverse inhomogeneity of the laser distribution resulting from the laser-amplification process and often use of frequency up conversion in nonlinear crystals. A inhomogeneous laser distribution on the photocathode produces charged beams with lower beam quality. In this paper, we explore the possible use of microlens arrays (fly-eye light condensers) to dramatically improve the transverse uniformity of the drive laser pulse on UV photocathodes. We also demonstrate the use of such microlens arrays to generate transversely-modulated electron beams and present a possible application to diagnose the properties of a magnetized beam., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1609.01661

Published
2017
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7. Microlens Array Laser Transverse Shaping Technique for Photoemission Electron Source

Author

Halavanau, A., Ha, G., Qiang, G., Gai, W., Power, J., Piot, P., Wisniewski, E., Edstrom, D., Ruan, J., and Santucci, J.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A common issue encountered in photoemission electron sources used in electron accelerators is distortion of the laser spot due to non ideal conditions at all stages of the amplification. Such a laser spot at the cathode may produce asymmetric charged beams that will result in degradation of the beam quality due to space charge at early stages of acceleration and fail to optimally utilize the cathode surface. In this note we study the possibility of using microlens arrays to dramatically improve the transverse uniformity of the drive laser pulse on UV photocathodes at both Fermilab Accelerator Science \& Technology (FAST) facility and Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). In particular, we discuss the experimental characterization of the homogeneity and periodic patterned formation at the photocathode. Finally, we compare the experimental results with the paraxial analysis, ray tracing and wavefront propagation software.

Published
2016

8. Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 6: Accelerator Capabilities

Author

Barletta, W. A., Bai, M., Battaglia, M., Bruning, O., Byrd, J., Ent, R., Flanagan, J., Gai, W., Galambos, J., Hoffstaetter, G., Hogan, M., Klute, M., Nagaitsev, S., Palmer, M., Prestemon, S., Roser, T., Rossi, L., Shiltsev, V., Varner, G., and Yokoya, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

These reports present the results of the 2013 Community Summer Study of the APS Division of Particles and Fields ("Snowmass 2013") on the future program of particle physics in the U.S. Chapter 6, on Accelerator Capabilities, discusses the future progress of accelerator technology, including issues for high-energy hadron and lepton colliders, high-intensity beams, electron-ion colliders, and necessary R&D for future accelerator technologies., Comment: 26 pages

Published
2014

9. Experimental Demonstration of Energy Chirp Compensation by a Tunable Dielectric Based Structure

Author

Antipov, S., Baturin, S., Jing, C., Fedurin, M., Kanareykin, A., Swinson, C., Schoessow, P., Gai, W., and Zholents, A.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A 60 MeV beam at the BNL Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) was manipulated by a planar tunable de-chirper made out of two 10 cm long dielectric slabs with copper plated backs. While the gap was changed from 5.8 mm to 1 mm, the correlated energy chirp of the low charge electron bunch was reduced from approximately 330 keV/mm to zero. This result is in agreement with simulations. Calculations show that similar devices, properly scaled to account for the expected electron bunch charge and length, can be used to remove residual correlated energy spread at the end of the linacs used for free-electron lasers (FEL). Potentially, this technique could significantly simplify linac design and improve FEL performance.

Published
2013
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10. Experimental demonstration of wakefield effects in a THz planar diamond accelerating structure

Author

Antipov, S., Jing, C., Kanareykin, A., Butler, J. E., Yakimenko, V., Fedurin, M., Kusche, K., and Gai, W.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We have directly measured THz wakefields induced by a subpicosecond, intense relativistic electron bunch in a diamond loaded accelerating structure via the wakefield acceleration method. We present here the beam test results from the first diamond based structure. Diamond has been chosen for its high breakdown threshold and unique thermoconductive properties. Fields produced by a leading (drive) beam were used to accelerate a trailing (witness) electron bunch which followed the drive bunch at a variable distance. The energy gain of a witness bunch as a function of its separation from the drive bunch describes the time structure of the generated wakefield., Comment: v3, accepted by APL. Updated to reflect reviewers' comments

Published
2012
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11. Experimental Observation of Energy Modulation in Electron Beams Passing Through Terahertz Dielectric Wakefield Structures

Author

Antipov, S., Jing, C., Fedurin, M., Gai, W., Kanareykin, A., Kusche, K., Schoessow, P., Yakimenko, V., and Zholents, A.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We report observation of a strong wakefield induced energy modulation in an energy-chirped electron bunch passing through a dielectric-lined waveguide. This modulation can be effectively converted into a spatial modulation forming micro-bunches with a periodicity of 0.5 - 1 picosecond, hence capable of driving coherent THz radiation. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions., Comment: v3. Reviewers' suggestions incorporated. Accepted by PRL

Published
2011
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12. A community-acquired lung abscess attributable to odontogenic flora

Author

Guo W, Gao B, Li L, Gai W, Yang J, Zhang Y, and Wang L

Subjects
Community-acquired Lung Abscess, Periodontitis, Odontogenic flora, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Wenjia Guo,1 Bo Gao,1 Li Li,1 Wei Gai,2 Jianghui Yang,3 Yan Zhang,2 Lijun Wang41Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaAbstract: A lung abscess is an infectious pulmonary disease characterized by pus-filled cavity formation and often an air-fluid level. In this article, we described an indolent community-acquired lung abscess suspected as a tumor previously. A 56-year-old male presented with cough and expectoration for 2 months and hemoptysis for 2 weeks. His physical examinations, whole blood count and C-reactive protein level were normal. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 40×38×39 mm high-density mass in the right upper pulmonary lobe, with irregular borders. The pathology of a CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy showed numerous inflammatory cells and bacteria infiltration without tumor lesions. Bacteriological detection of lung tissue revealed the cause was odontogenic flora. A next-generation sequencing demonstrated the etiologic correlation between lung abscess and periodontitis. After a 2-month pathogen-directed oral antibiotics therapy combined with chlorhexidine gargle oral care, this patient showed a remarkable improvement. Periodontitis can be a cause of a lung abscess, which would be taken into account in the treatment regimes preventing infectious recurrence.Keywords: community-acquired lung abscess, periodontitis, odontogenic flora

Published
2019

13. Next-generation-sequencing technology used for the detection of Mycoplasma hominis in renal cyst fluid: a case report

Author

Xiao N, Gai W, Hu WG, Li JX, Zhang Y, and Zhao XY

Subjects
NGS, Mycoplasma hominis, renal cyst, case report, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Nan Xiao,1 Wei Gai,2 Wei-Guo Hu,1 Jian-Xing Li,1 Yan Zhang,2 Xiu-Ying Zhao11Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaBackground: Mycoplasma is an opportunistic pathogen causing both urogenital and extragenital infections. The lack of cell wall renders Mycoplasma difficult to culture and identify with ordinary methods. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology helping a lot in the diagnosis of infective diseases. In this case, NGS played a key role in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma infection.Case presentation: A mid-aged man suffering from renal cyst underwent cyst incision followed by invasive treatments to eliminate hematoma caused by renal artery hemorrhage. After the cyst incision operation, the patient had a persistent high temperature. The persistent increase of blood neutrophile granulocyte count and C-reaction protein suggested an unresolved infection. The empirically chosen anti-infective agents were meropenem and linezolid since the ordinary bacterial cultures of surgical site drainage and blood yielded a negative result. At postoperation day (POD) 17, NGS result of his drainage clearly indicated the pathogen was Mycoplasma hominis. At POD 24, the drug sensitivity test showed resistance to quinolones, clarithromycin and erythromycin, but intermediate to azithromycin. Since then, the antimicrobial agents were changed into azithromycin and kept unchanged until the patient was fully recovered and discharged at POD 39.Conclusion: When the ordinary laboratory diagnostic methods failed, NGS diagnosis could reduce the hospitalization expenses and shorten the lengths of hospital stay.Keywords: NGS, Mycoplasma, renal cyst, infection

Published
2019

14. Observations of Microwave Continuum Emission from Air Shower Plasmas

Author

Gorham, P. W., Lehtinen, N. G., Varner, G. S., Beatty, J. J., Connolly, A., Chen, P., Conde, M. E., Gai, W., Hast, C., Hebert, C. L., Miki, C., Konecny, R., Kowalski, J., Ng, J., Power, J. G., Reil, K., Saltzberg, D., Stokes, B. T., and Walz, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate a possible new technique for microwave measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) extensive air showers which relies on detection of expected continuum radiation in the microwave range, caused by free-electron collisions with neutrals in the tenuous plasma left after the passage of the shower. We performed an initial experiment at the AWA (Argonne Wakefield Accelerator) laboratory in 2003 and measured broadband microwave emission from air ionized via high energy electrons and photons. A follow-up experiment at SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) in summer of 2004 confirmed the major features of the previous AWA observations with better precision and made additional measurements relevant to the calorimetric capabilities of the method. Prompted by these results we built a prototype detector using satellite television technology, and have made measurements indicating possible detection of cosmic ray extensive air showers. The method, if confirmed by experiments now in progress, could provide a high-duty cycle complement to current nitrogen fluorescence observations of UHECR, which are limited to dark, clear nights. By contrast, decimeter microwave observations can be made both night and day, in clear or cloudy weather, or even in the presence of moderate precipitation., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures

Published
2007
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15. Observation of Enhanced Transformer Ratio in Collinear Wakefield Acceleration

Author

Jing, C., Kanareykin, A., Power, J. G., Conde, M., Yusof, Z., Schoessow, P., and Gai, W.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

One approach to future high energy particle accelerators is based on the wakefield principle: a leading high-charge drive bunch is used to excite fields in an accelerating structure or plasma that in turn accelerates a trailing low-charge witness bunch. The transformer ratio R is defined as the ratio of the maximum energy gain of the witness bunch to the maximum energy loss of the drive bunch. In general, for configurations in which the two beams traverse the accelerator along the same trajectory (collinear wakefield acceleration). A number of techniques have been proposed to overcome the transformer ratio limitation. We report here the first experimental study of the ramped bunch train (RBT) technique in which a dielectric loaded waveguide was used as the accelerating structure. A single drive bunch was replaced by two bunches with charge ratio of 1:2.5 and a separation of 10.5 wavelengths of the fundamental mode. An average measured transformer ratio enhancement by a factor of 1.31 over the single drive bunch case was obtained in this experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figs, accepted by Phys Rev Lett

Published
2007
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17. Transverse Beam Envelope Measurements and the Limitations of the 3-Screen Emittance Method for Space-Charge Dominated Beams

Author

Power, J. G., Wang, H., Conde, M. E., Gai, W., Konecny, R., Liu, W., and Yusof, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

In its normal mode of operation the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility uses a high charge (10-100 nC), short pulse (3-5 psec) drive bunch to excite high-gradient accelerating fields in various slow-wave structures. To generate this bunch, we designed a 1.5 cell, L-band, rf photocathode gun with an emittance compensating solenoid to give optimal performance at high-charge; it has recently completed commissioning. More recently, we have begun to investigate the possibility of using this gun in a high-brightness, low-charge operating mode, with charge equal to approximately 1 nC, for high-precision measurements of wakefields. Two related measurements are reported on in this paper: (1) measurements of the transverse beam envelope are compared to predictions from the beam dynamics code PARMELA; and (2) investigations into the use of a modified 3-screen emittance measurement method that uses a beam envelope model that includes both space-charge and emittance effects. Both measurements were made for the 1 nC, 8 MeV beam in the drift region directly following the rf photocathode gun., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures

Published
2004
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20. Molecular typing and drug resistance analysis of salmonella spp. isolated from pig slaughterhouse in shandong province, china

Author

GAI W, WANG J, CUI Z, QU Z, WANG Y, HONG J, CUI J, YAN S, DU X, HUANG X, ZHAO J, and ZHU L

Subjects
salmonella spp., antimicrobial resistance, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multi-locus sequence analysis, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

An epidemiological investigation of Salmonella enteritidis in pig and pork samples from eight slaughterhouses in Shandong Province, China, was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. A total of 22.2% (142/640), of the slaughterhouse samples were recovered positive for Salmonella spp.. All Salmonella-positive were characterized using serotyping, antimicrobial resistance testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Ten serotypes were shared by all isolates, with the most common serotypes being Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Thompson. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that the highest antimicrobial resistance rate was against sulfisoxazole (91.55%) with many multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. MLST analysis showed that nine sequence type (ST) patterns were shared, ST40 was the most common (79 isolates) followed by ST19 (26 isolates) and ST26 (24 isolates). PFGE permitted the resolution of XbaI macrorestriction fragments of all the isolates, displaying the high similarity. Three clusters and 31 PFGE patterns were generated by PFGE analysis. Our results indicated that Salmonella spp. isolates from eight slaughterhouses were phenotypically and genetically homologous. These data could be used for further evolutionary analyses.

Published
2017
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23. P1670: LONG TERM SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN COAGULATION FACTOR VIII (SCT800) IN PREVIOUSLY TREATED PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEMOPHILIA A

Author

Xue, F., primary, Zhao, X., additional, Sun, J., additional, Zeng, X., additional, Yang, F., additional, Xu, M., additional, Yu, Z., additional, Gu, W., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Li, W., additional, Zheng, C., additional, Bi, H., additional, Ma, C., additional, Gai, W., additional, Xie, L., additional, and Yang, R., additional

Published
2022
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27. Multi-nanosecond high power pulse generation at 7.8 GHz with a dielectric-loaded power extractor

Author

Gao, F., Conde, M.E., Gai, W., Jing, C., Konecny, R.S., Liu, W., Power, J.G., Wong, T., and Yusof, Z.

Subjects
Particle beams -- Properties, Lasers -- Usage, Pulse generators -- Design and construction, Laser, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Power extraction from charged particle beams is a prospective way to develop future high power radio frequency (RF) sources. We have designed and tested a 7.8 GHz power extractor based on a dielectric-loaded waveguide. Building upon earlier work on single electron bunch tests, 10 ns and 22 ns megawatt-level RF pulses have been generated with trains consisting of 16 electron bunches each, by using a laser splitting-recombination scheme. In addition, 44 MW of peak power has been generated with a train consisting 4 electron bunches. Behaviors of higher-order-modes are also explored. Index Terms--Accelerator RF system, particle beams, pulse generation.

Published
2009

30. Beam profile diagnostics for the Fermilab medium energy electron cooler

Author

Warner, A., Kazakevich, G., Nagaitsev, S., Tassotto, G., Gai, W., and Konecny, R.

Subjects
Electron beams -- Research, Antiprotons -- Atomic properties, Electrostatic accelerators -- Analysis, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The Fermilab Recycler ring will employ an electron cooler to store and cool 8.9 GeV antiprotons. The cooler will be based on a Pelletron electrostatic accelerator working in an energy-recovery regime. Several techniques for determining the characteristics of the beam dynamics are being investigated. Beam profiles have been measured as a function of the beam line optics at the energy of 3.5 MeV in the current range of [10.sup.-4] -1 A, with a pulse duration of 2 [micro]s. The profiles were measured using optical transition radiation produced at the interface of a 250-[micro]m aluminum foil and also from YAG crystal luminescence. In addition, beam profiles measured using multiwire detectors were investigated. These three diagnostics will be used together to determine the profile dynamics of the beam. In this paper we report the results so far obtained using these techniques. Index Terms--Electron beam, electron cooler, multiwire monitor, optial transition, radiation.

Published
2005

31. High-power RF tests on X-band dielectric-loaded accelerating structures

Author

Jing, Chunguang, Gai, W., Power, J.G., Konecny, R., Gold, Steven H., Liu, W., and Kinkead, Allen K.

Subjects
Plasma engineering, Plasma devices, Dielectric devices, Breakdown (Electricity), Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A joint Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)/Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) program is under way to investigate X-band dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures, using high-power 11.424-GHz radiation from the NRL Magnicon Facility. DLA structures offer the potential of a simple, inexpensive alternative to copper disk-loaded structures for use in high-gradient radio-frequency (RF) linear accelerators. A central purpose of our high-power test program is to find the RF breakdown limits of these structures. In this paper, we summarize the most recent tests results for two DLA structures loaded with different ceramics: alumina and [Mg.sub.x][Ca.sub.1-x]Ti[O.sub.3] (MCT). No RF breakdown has been observed up to 5 MW of drive power (equivalent to 8 MV/m accelerating gradient), but multipactor was observed to absorb a large fraction of the incident microwave power. The latest experimental results on suppression of multipactor using a TiN coating on the inner surface of the dielectric are reported. Although we did not observe dielectric breakdown in the structure, breakdown did occur at the ceramic joint, where the electric field is greatly enhanced. Lastly, the MCT structure showed significantly less multipactor for the same level RF field. Index Terms--Dielectric breakdown, dielectric-loaded accelerator, high-power radio frequency, multi-pactor.

Published
2005

37. CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol 2 (2018): The Compact Linear e+e− Collider (CLIC) : 2018 Summary Report

Author

Charles, T. K., Giansiracusa, P. J., Lucas, T. G., Rassool, R. P., Volpi, M., Balazs, C., Afanaciev, K., Makarenko, V., Patapenka, A., Zhuk, I., Collette, C., Boland, M. J., Hoffman, A. C. Abusleme, Diaz, M. A., Garay, F., Chi, Y., He, X., Pei, G., Pei, S., Shu, G., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., Chen, H., Gao, Y., Huang, W., Kuang, Y. P., Li, B., Li, Y., Meng, X., Shao, J., Shi, J., Tang, C., Wang, P., Wu, X., Zha, H., Ma, L., Han, Y., Fang, W., Gu, Q., Huang, D., Huang, X., Tan, J., Wang, Z., Zhao, Z., Uggerhøj, U. I., Wistisen, T. N., Aabloo, A., Aare, R., Kuppart, K., Vigonski, S., Zadin, V., Aicheler, M., Baibuz, E., Brücken, E., Djurabekova, F., Eerola, P., Garcia, F., Haeggström, E., Huitu, K., Jansson, V., Kassamakov, I., Kimari, J., Kyritsakis, A., Lehti, S., Meriläinen, A., Montonen, R., Nordlund, K., Österberg, K., Saressalo, A., Väinölä, J., Veske, M., Farabolini, W., Mollard, A., Peauger, F., Plouin, J., Bambade, P., Chaikovska, I., Chehab, R., Delerue, N., Davier, M., Faus-Golfe, A., Irles, A., Kaabi, W., LeDiberder, F., Pöschl, R., Zerwas, D., Aimard, B., Balik, G., Blaising, J. -J., Brunetti, L., Chefdeville, M., Dominjon, A., Drancourt, C., Geoffroy, N., Jacquemier, J., Jeremie, A., Karyotakis, Y., Nappa, J. M., Serluca, M., Vilalte, S., Vouters, G., Bernhard, A., Bründermann, E., Casalbuoni, S., Hillenbrand, S., Gethmann, J., Grau, A., Huttel, E., Müller, A. -S., Peiffer, P., Perić, I., de Jauregui, D. Saez, Emberger, L., Graf, C., Simon, F., Szalay, M., van der Kolk, N., Brass, S., Kilian, W., Alexopoulos, T., Apostolopoulos, T., Gazis, E. N., Gazis, N., Kostopoulos, V., Kourkoulis, S., Heilig, B., Lichtenberger, J., Shrivastava, P., Dayyani, M. K., Ghasem, H., Hajari, S. S., Shaker, H., Ashkenazy, Y., Popov, I., Engelberg, E., Yashar, A., Abramowicz, H., Benhammou, Y., Borysov, O., Borysova, M., Levy, A., Levy, I., Alesini, D., Bellaveglia, M., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, A., Diomede, M., Ferrario, M., Gallo, A., Ghigo, A., Giribono, A., Piersanti, L., Stella, A., Vaccarezza, C., de Blas, J., Franceschini, R., D'Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Abe, T., Aryshev, A., Fukuda, M., Furukawa, K., Hayano, H., Higashi, Y., Higo, T., Kubo, K., Kuroda, S., Matsumoto, S., Michizono, S., Naito, T., Okugi, T., Shidara, T., Tauchi, T., Terunuma, N., Urakawa, J., Yamamoto, A., Raboanary, R., Luiten, O. J., Stragier, X. F. D., Hart, R., van der Graaf, H., Eigen, G., Adli, E., Lindstrøm, C. A., Lillestøl, R., Malina, L., Pfingstner, J., Sjobak, K. N., Ahmad, A., Hoorani, H., Khan, W. A., Bugiel, S., Bugiel, R., Firlej, M., Fiutowski, T. A., Idzik, M., Moroń, J., Świentek, K. P., Brückman de Renstrom, P., Krupa, B., Kucharczyk, M., Lesiak, T., Pawlik, B., Sopicki, P., Turbiarz, B., Wojtoń, T., Zawiejski, L. K., Kalinowski, J., Nowak, K., Żarnecki, A. F., Firu, E., Ghenescu, V., Neagu, A. T., Preda, T., Zgura, I. S., Aloev, A., Azaryan, N., Boyko, I., Budagov, J., Chizhov, M., Filippova, M., Glagolev, V., Gongadze, A., Grigoryan, S., Gudkov, D., Karjavine, V., Lyablin, M., Nefedov, Yu., Olyunin, A., Rymbekova, A., Samochkine, A., Sapronov, A., Shelkov, G., Shirkov, G., Soldatov, V., Solodko, E., Trubnikov, G., Tyapkin, I., Uzhinsky, V., Vorozhtov, A., Zhemchugov, A., Levichev, E., Mezentsev, N., Piminov, P., Shatilov, D., Vobly, P., Zolotarev, K., Jelisavčić, I. Božović, Kačarević, G., Milutinović Dumbelović, G., Pandurović, M., Radulović, M., Stevanović, J., Vukasinović, N., Lee, D. -H., Ayala, N., Benedetti, G., Guenzel, T., Iriso, U., Marti, Z., Perez, F., Pont, M., Trenado, J., Ruiz-Jimeno, A., Vila, I., Calero, J., Dominguez, M., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gavela, D., Lopez, D., Toral, F., Blanch Gutierrez, C., Boronat, M., Esperante, D., Fullana, E., Fuster, J., García, I., Gimeno, B., Lopez, P. Gomis, González, D., Perelló, M., Ros, E., Villarejo, M. A., Vnuchenko, A., Vos, M., Borgmann, Ch., Brenner, R., Ekelöf, T., Jacewicz, M., Olvegård, M., Ruber, R., Ziemann, V., Aguglia, D., Gonzalvo, J. Alabau, Leon, M. Alcaide, Alipour Tehrani, N., Anastasopoulos, M., Andersson, A., Andrianala, F., Antoniou, F., Apyan, A., Arominski, D., Artoos, K., Assly, S., Atieh, S., Baccigalupi, C., Sune, R. Ballabriga, Caballero, D. Banon, Barnes, M. J., Garcia, J. Barranco, Bartalesi, A., Bauche, J., Bayar, C., Belver-Aguilar, C., Morell, A. Benot, Bernardini, M., Bett, D. R., Bettoni, S., Bettencourt, M., Bielawski, B., Garcia, O. Blanco, Blaskovic Kraljevic, N., Bolzon, B., Bonnin, X. A., Bozzini, D., Branger, E., Brondolin, E., Brunner, O., Buckland, M., Bursali, H., Burkhardt, H., Caiazza, D., Calatroni, S., Campbell, M., Catalan Lasheras, N., Cassany, B., Castro, E., Soares, R. H. Cavaleiro, Cerqueira Bastos, M., Cherif, A., Chevallay, E., Cilento, V., Corsini, R., Costa, R., Cure, B., Curt, S., Gobbo, A. Dal, Dannheim, D., Daskalaki, E., Deacon, L., Degiovanni, A., De Michele, G., De Oliveira, L., Romano, V. Del Pozo, Delahaye, J. P., Delikaris, D., Dias De Almeida, P. G., Dobers, T., Doebert, S., Doytchinov, I., Draper, M., Duarte Ramos, F., Duquenne, M., Plaja, N. Egidos, Elsener, K., Esberg, J., Esposito, M., Evans, L., Fedosseev, V., Ferracin, P., Fiergolski, A., Foraz, K., Fowler, A., Friebel, F., Fuchs, J-F., Gaddi, A., Gamba, D., Morales, L. Garcia Fajardo H. Garcia, Garion, C., Gasior, M., Gatignon, L., Gayde, J-C., Gerbershagen, A., Gerwig, H., Giambelli, G., Gilardi, A., Goldblatt, A. N., Anton, S. Gonzalez, Grefe, C., Grudiev, A., Guerin, H., Guillot-Vignot, F. G., Gutt-Mostowy, M. L., Lutz, M. Hein, Hessler, C., Holma, J. K., Holzer, E. B., Hourican, M., Hynds, D., Ikarios, E., Levinsen, Y. Inntjore, Janssens, S., Jeff, A., Jensen, E., Jonker, M., Kamugasa, S. W., Kastriotou, M., Kemppinen, J. M. K., Khan, V., Kieffer, R. B., Klempt, W., Kokkinis, N., Kossyvakis, I., Kostka, Z., Korsback, A., Koukovini Platia, E., Kovermann, J. W., Kozsar, C-I., Kremastiotis, I., Kröger, J., Kulis, S., Latina, A., Leaux, F., Lebrun, P., Lefevre, T., Leogrande, E., Linssen, L., Liu, X., Llopart Cudie, X., Magnoni, S., Maidana, C., Maier, A. A., Mainaud Durand, H., Mallows, S., Manosperti, E., Marelli, C., Marin Lacoma, E., Marsh, S., Martin, R., Martini, I., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Mcmonagle, G., Mether, L. M., Meynier, C., Modena, M., Moilanen, A., Mondello, R., Cabral, P. B. Moniz, Irazabal, N. Mouriz, Munker, M., Muranaka, T., Nadenau, J., Navarro, J. G., Navarro Quirante, J. L., Del Busto, E. Nebo, Nikiforou, N., Ninin, P., Nonis, M., Nisbet, D., Nuiry, F. X., Nürnberg, A., Ögren, J., Osborne, J., Ouniche, A. C., Pan, R., Papadopoulou, S., Papaphilippou, Y., Paraskaki, G., Pastushenko, A., Passarelli, A., Patecki, M., Pazdera, L., Pellegrini, D., Pepitone, K., Perez Codina, E., Fontenla, A. Perez, Persson, T. H. B., Petrič, M., Pitman, S., Pitters, F., Pittet, S., Plassard, F., Popescu, D., Quast, T., Rajamak, R., Redford, S., Remandet, L., Renier, Y., Rey, S. F., Orozco, O. Rey, Riddone, G., Rodriguez Castro, E., Roloff, P., Rossi, C., Rossi, F., Rude, V., Ruehl, I., Rumolo, G., Sailer, A., Santin, J. Sandomierski E., Sanz, C., Bedolla, J. Sauza, Schnoor, U., Schmickler, H., Schulte, D., Senes, E., Serpico, C., Severino, G., Shipman, N., Sicking, E., Simoniello, R., Skowronski, P. K., Sobrino Mompean, P., Soby, L., Sollander, P., Solodko, A., Sosin, M. P., Spannagel, S., Sroka, S., Stapnes, S., Sterbini, G., Stern, G., Ström, R., Stuart, M. J., Syratchev, I., Szypula, K., Tecker, F., Thonet, P. A., Thrane, P., Timeo, L., Tiirakari, M., Garcia, R. Tomas, Tomoiaga, C. I., Valerio, P., Vaňát, T., Vamvakas, A. L., Van Hoorne, J., Viazlo, O., Vicente Barreto Pinto, M., Vitoratou, N., Vlachakis, V., Weber, M. A., Wegner, R., Wendt, M., Widorski, M., Williams, O. E., Williams, M., Woolley, B., Wuensch, W., Wulzer, A., Uythoven, J., Xydou, A., Yang, R., Zelios, A., Zhao, Y., Zisopoulos, P., Benoit, M., Sultan, D. M. S., Riva, F., Bopp, M., Braun, H. H., Craievich, P., Dehler, M., Garvey, T., Pedrozzi, M., Raguin, J. Y., Rivkin, L., Zennaro, R., Guillaume, S., Rothacher, M., Aksoy, A., Nergiz, Z., Yavas, Ö., Denizli, H., Keskin, U., Oyulmaz, K. Y., Senol, A., Ciftci, A. K., Baturin, V., Karpenko, O., Kholodov, R., Lebed, O., Lebedynskyi, S., Mordyk, S., Musienko, I., Profatilova, Ia., Storizhko, V., Bosley, R. R., Price, T., Watson, M. F., Watson, N. K., Winter, A. G., Goldstein, J., Green, S., Marshall, J. S., Thomson, M. A., Xu, B., You, T., Gillespie, W. A., Spannowsky, M., Beggan, C., Martin, V., Zhang, Y., Protopopescu, D., Robson, A., Apsimon, R. J., Bailey, I., Burt, G. C., Dexter, A. C., Edwards, A. V., Hill, V., Jamison, S., Millar, W. L., Papke, K., Casse, G., Vossebeld, J., Aumeyr, T., Bergamaschi, M., Bobb, L., Bosco, A., Boogert, S., Boorman, G., Cullinan, F., Gibson, S., Karataev, P., Kruchinin, K., Lekomtsev, K., Lyapin, A., Nevay, L., Shields, W., Snuverink, J., Towler, J., Yamakawa, E., Boisvert, V., West, S., Jones, R., Joshi, N., Bett, D., Bodenstein, R. M., Bromwich, T., Burrows, P. N., Christian, G. 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Published
2018

43. High power radio frequency generation by relativistic beams in dielectric structures

Author

Schoessow, P., Conde, M.E., Gai, W., Konecny, R., Power, J., and Simpson, J.

Subjects
Dielectrics -- Research, Electron beams -- Research, Waveguides -- Research, Electromagnetic radiation -- Research, Physics
Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the interaction of a high current electron beam supporting dielectric loaded waveguides as a source of electromagnetic radiation. An integrating current transformer was utilized to monitor drive beam intensity while the duration of the rf pulse generated by a single drive bunch was limited by the length of the dielectric structure. Results showed that high rf power can be produced by dielectric wavefield devices.

Published
1998

49. 超音波振動した水酸化アルミニウム懸濁液によるアルミニウム・水反応の促進に関する動力学研究

Author

Liang, G.-H., Gai, W.-Z., Deng, Z.-Y., Xu, P. G., and Cheng, Z.

Abstract

Hydrogen is an ideal fuel for fuel cells because its reaction byproduct with oxygen is environmentally benign. To resolve the safe storage and low cost transportation problem, the onsite hydrolysis reaction in water has been recently employed as a new-type portable hydrogen source. Metal Al is thought as a promising hydrogen-generation material due to its relative low price, light atomic weight and abundance in the earth. In order to promote the reaction of Al particles with water and weaken the inhabitation phenomenon of dense passive oxide film on Al surface, the effect of ultrasonically prepared Al(OH)$_{3}$ suspension on the kinetics of Al-water reaction was investigated in this paper. It is found that the induction time for the beginning of Al-water reaction decreases and the reaction rate increases with increasing the suspension concentration, volume and temperature, which is ascribed to the exothermic characteristics of Al-water reaction.

Published
2016

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