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4. ARIS: An open source platform for developing mobile learning experiences

Author

Gagnon, David J.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Inspired by mobile, Internet enabled computing and the maturing field of educational game design, the ARIS project has designed an open source tool for rapidly producing locative, interactive, narrative-centric, educational experiences. In addition to the software, the project contributes a global community of active designers and a growing set of compelling mechanics for learners in such designs.

Published
2023

5. Shifts in Student Attitudes and Beliefs About Science Through Extended Play in an Immersive Science Game

Author

Metcalf, Shari J., Gagnon, David, Slater, Stefan, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Bourguet, Marie-Luce, editor, Krüger, Jule M., editor, Pedrosa, Daniela, editor, Dengel, Andreas, editor, Peña-Rios, Anasol, editor, and Richter, Jonathon, editor

Published
2024
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6. Leveraging Cluster Analysis to Understand Educational Game Player Experiences and Support Design

Author

Swanson, Luke, Gagnon, David, Scianna, Jennifer, McCloskey, John, Spevacek, Nicholas, Slater, Stefan, and Harpstead, Erik

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Multimedia
Abstract

The ability for an educational game designer to understand their audience's play styles and resulting experience is an essential tool for improving their game's design. As a game is subjected to large-scale player testing, the designers require inexpensive, automated methods for categorizing patterns of player-game interactions. In this paper we present a simple, reusable process using best practices for data clustering, feasible for use within a small educational game studio. We utilize the method to analyze a real-time strategy game, processing game telemetry data to determine categories of players based on their in-game actions, the feedback they received, and their progress through the game. An interpretive analysis of these clusters results in actionable insights for the game's designers., Comment: Presented at Games, Learning & Society (GLS) 2022 Conference. Irving, CA

Published
2022

7. Exploring players' experience of humor and snark in a grade 3-6 history practices game

Author

Gagnon, David J., Baker, Ryan S., Gagnon, Sarah, Swanson, Luke, Spevacek, Nick, Andres, Juliana, Harpstead, Erik, Scianna, Jennifer, Slater, Stefan, and Pedro, Maria O. C. Z. San

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

In this paper we use an existing history learning game with an active audience as a research platform for exploring how humor and "snarkiness" in the dialog script affect students' progression and attitudes about the game. We conducted a 2x2 randomized experiment with 11,804 anonymous 3rd-6th grade students. Using one-way ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests, we find that changes to the script produced measurable results in the self-reported perceived humor of the game and the likeability of the player character. Different scripts did not produce significant differences in player completion of the game, or how much of the game was played. Perceived humor and enjoyment of the game and its main character contributed significantly to progress in the game, as did self-perceived reading skill., Comment: Presented at Games, Learning & Society (GLS) 2022 conference. Irvine, CA

Published
2022

8. Jo Wilder and the Capitol Case: A taxonomy of uses for a historical inquiry game in 4th grade Classrooms in Wisconsin

Author

Wardrip, Peter, Gagnon, David, Mathews, James, and Scianna, Jen

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

In this paper, we study the various ways 3rd-5th grade educators in Wisconsin utilized Jo Wilder and the Capitol Case, a historical inquiry game, as part of their classroom instruction. The 15 educators involved in the study were all grade school teachers in Wisconsin who took part in the "Doing History Fellowship" program, a professional development opportunity offered by the authors, designed to increase their understanding of historical inquiry instruction and game-based learning. As part of the program, the educators planned and implemented the game within their own classroom context and reported their results back to the authors and other educators. Through their reports, surveys and semi-structured interviews we discovered the educators were motivated by five distinct instructional purposes, which influenced how the game was integrated into their curriculum. In this paper, we name and describe these five purposes. We see these findings as useful insights into how educators think about games and how educational video games and corresponding professional development activities may be designed in the future., Comment: Paper presented at Meaningful Play 2022. East Lansing, MI

Published
2022

9. A Pilot Study on Teacher-Facing Real-Time Classroom Game Dashboards

Author

Swanson, Luke, Gagnon, David, and Scianna, Jennifer

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Educational games are an increasingly popular teaching tool in modern classrooms. However, the development of complementary tools for teachers facilitating classroom gameplay is lacking. We present the results of a participatory design process for a teacher-facing, real-time game data dashboard. This two-phase process included a workshop to elicit teachers' requirements for such a tool, and a pilot study of our dashboard prototype. We analyze post-gameplay survey and interview data to understand teachers' experiences with the tool in terms of evidence of co-design, feasibility, and effectiveness. Our results indicate the participatory design yielded a tool both useful for and usable by teachers within the context of a real class gameplay session. We advocate for the continued development of data-driven teacher tools to improve the effectiveness of games deployed in the classroom., Comment: Presented at Meaningful Play 2022. East Lansing, MI

Published
2022

10. Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

Author

Gaziano, Liam, Sun, Luanluan, Arnold, Matthew, Bell, Steven, Cho, Kelly, Kaptoge, Stephen, Song, Rebecca, Burgess, Stephen, Posner, Daniel, Mosconi, Katja, Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne, Mason, Amy, Bolton, Thomas, Tao, Ran, Allara, Elias, Schubert, Petra, Chen, Lingyan, Staley, James, Staplin, Natalie, Altay, Servet, Amiano, Pilar, Arndt, Volker, Ärnlöv, Johan, Barr, Elizabeth, Björkelund, Cecilia, Boer, Jolanda, Brenner, Hermann, Casiglia, Edoardo, Chiodini, Paolo, Cooper, Jackie, Coresh, Josef, Cushman, Mary, Dankner, Rachel, Davidson, Karina, de Jongh, Renate, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Engström, Gunnar, Freisling, Heinz, de la Cámara, Agustín, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hankey, Graeme, Hansson, Per-Olof, Heath, Alicia, Hoorn, Ewout, Imano, Hironori, Jassal, Simerjot, Kaaks, Rudolf, Katzke, Verena, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kiechl, Stefan, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kronmal, Richard, Kyrø, Cecilie, Lawlor, Deborah, Ljungberg, Börje, MacDonald, Conor, Masala, Giovanna, Meisinger, Christa, Melander, Olle, Moreno Iribas, Conchi, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nitsch, Dorothea, Nordestgaard, Børge, Onland-Moret, Charlotte, Palmieri, Luigi, Petrova, Dafina, Garcia, Jose, Rosengren, Annika, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Sakurai, Masaru, Santiuste, Carmen, Schulze, Matthias, Sieri, Sabina, Sundström, Johan, Tikhonoff, Valérie, Tjønneland, Anne, Tong, Tammy, Tumino, Rosario, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, van der Schouw, Yvonne, Monique Verschuren, W, Völzke, Henry, Wallace, Robert, Wannamethee, S, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willeit, Peter, Woodward, Mark, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Zamora-Ros, Raul, Akwo, Elvis, Pyarajan, Saiju, Gagnon, David, Tsao, Philip, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Edwards, Todd, Damrauer, Scott, Joseph, Jacob, Pennells, Lisa, Wilson, Peter, and Harrison, Seamus

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases, coronary disease, kidney diseases, stroke, Humans, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Prospective Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Stroke, Kidney
Abstract

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank. RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD. CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.

Published
2022

14. Exploring the Universe from Antarctica -- An Informal STEM Polar Research Exhibit

Author

Tredinnick, Ross, Cors, Rebecca, Madsen, James, Gagnon, David, Bravo-Gallart, Silvia, Sprecher, Bryce, and Ponto, Kevin

Abstract

Many concepts in astrophysics research can be difficult for a lay individual to understand or to comprehend their importance. One such example concept is the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which detects high-energy neutrinos at the South Pole in Antarctica. The observatory uses information from detected neutrinos originating deep in outer space to better understand astrophysical phenomena like black holes or exploding stars. Unfortunately, it is often difficult for the public to understand how these pieces fit together towards creating a more complete understanding of our universe. To promote public understanding of IceCube, an interactive exhibit was created which used large multi-touch screen and Virtual Reality (VR) equipment. The exhibit, placed in a public environment, was evaluated both formally and informally around its effectiveness of providing STEM learning opportunities. The results show that the system not only provided an effective means of conveying content, but also provided a means of sparking the curiosity of users to learn more about the presented subject matter. Further results show that outcomes demonstrated significant differences between subject responses depending upon which of the two deployed devices they used. Findings also provide evidence that retrospective survey designs have the same rigor in data collection as traditional pre-and posttest designs when investigating exhibits. Based on these findings, guidelines are offered for others who aim to deploy similar systems in publicly accessible spaces.

Published
2020

15. Polymers in Swarming Bacterial Turbulence

Author

Ran, Ranjiangshang, Gagnon, David A., Morozov, Alexander, and Arratia, Paulo E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

We experimentally investigate the effects of polymer additives on the collective dynamics of swarming Serratia marcescens in quasi two-dimensional (2D) liquid films. We find that even minute amounts of polymers (< 20 ppm) can significantly enhance swimming speed and promote largescale coherent structures. Velocity statistics show that polymers suppress large velocity fluctuation, transforming the velocity distributions from super-Gaussian to Gaussian. Spatial and temporal correlation functions suggest that polymers increase both the size and lifetime of flow structures. The energy spectra show an exponential decay at low wavenumbers, with a characteristic length scale increasing with polymer concentration. Overall, these result show polymers can mediate bacteria interaction and promote large-scale coherence in dense active suspensions.

Published
2021

18. Waddle: Developing Empathy for Adélie Penguins By Direct Embodiment in Virtual Reality

Author

Gagnon, David J., Ponto, Kevin, Verbeke, Monae, Nathan, Mitchell, Kopp, Kaldan, Tredinnick, Ross, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Haahr, Mads, editor, Rojas-Salazar, Alberto, editor, and Göbel, Stefan, editor

Published
2023
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20. Shear-induced gelation of self-yielding active networks

Author

Gagnon, David A., Dessi, Claudia, Berezney, John P., Chen, Daniel T. -N., Boros, Remi, Dogic, Zvonimir, and Blair, Daniel L.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Molecular-motor generated active stresses drive the cytoskeleton away from equilibrium, endowing it with tunable mechanical properties that are essential for diverse functions such as cell division and motility[1-5]. Designing analogous biomimetic systems is a key prerequisite for creating active matter that can emulate cellular functions[6-7]. These long-term goals requires understanding of how motor-generated stresses tune the mechanics of filamentous networks[8-11]. In microtubule-based active matter, kinesin motors generate extensile motion that leads to persistent breaking and reforming of the network links[12]. We study how such microscopic dynamics modifies the network's mechanical properties, uncovering that the network viscosity first increases with the imposed shear rate before transitioning back to a low-viscosity state. The non-monotonic shear-dependent viscosity can be controlled by tuning the speed of molecular motors. A two-state phenomenological model that incorporates liquid- and solid-like elements quantitatively relates the non-monotonic shear-rate-dependent viscosity to locally-measured flows. These studies show that rheology of extensile networks are different from previously studied active gels[13], where contractility enhances mechanical stiffness. Moreover, the flow induced gelation is not captured by continuum models of hydrodynamically interacting swimmers[14-21]. Observation of activity-dependent viscoelasticity necessitates the development of models for self-yielding of soft active solids whose intrinsic active stresses fluidize or stiffen the network.

Published
2020
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39. International Analgesia and Sedation Weaning and Withdrawal Practices in Critically Ill Adults: The Adult Iatrogenic Withdrawal Study in the ICU*

Author

Bolesta, Scott, Burry, Lisa, Perreault, Marc M., Gélinas, Céline, Smith, Kathryn E., Eadie, Rebekah, Carini, Federico C., Saltarelli, Katrianna, Mitchell, Jennifer, Harpel, Jamie, Stewart, Ryan, Riker, Richard R., Fraser, Gilles L., Erstad, Brian L., Alcántara, Sara, Aldardeer, Namareq, Alhammad, Abdullah, Almohaish, Sulaiman, Ammar, Mahmoud, Arroyo-Novoa, Carmen Mabel, Awassi, Don-Kelena, Badano, Mariana, Badman, Belinda, Barnes, Sanchia, Bertozzi, Matias, Botros, Shady, Brophy, Gretchen, Brown, Caitlin, Brown, Glen, Buckley, Mitchell, Burgess, Sarah, Campbell, Joshua, Carothers, Chancey, Celario, Patricio, Chambers, Lauren, Chanques, Gérald, Contreras, Sofia, d’Hebron, Vall, Cortes, Jennifer, Cozzi, Gabrielle, Cucci, Michaelia, Cunto, Eleonora, Dao, Denis, Defayette, Aubrey, Dey, Alexandra, Diaz, Anatilde, Dixit, Deepali, Dube, Jean-Noel, Duceppe, Marc-Alexandre, Dzierba, Amy, Farrell, Odran, Ferranti, Pietro, Flannery, Alexander, Fontaine, Gabriel, Forehand, Christy, Nelson, Nydia Funes, Gillet, Manon, Gonzalez, Gustavo Nicolas, Graham-Clarke, Emma, Green, Sarah, Groth, Christine, Hamid, Hytham, Hamilton, Leslie, Hanley, Joanne, Jackson, Jessica, Johnston, Jackie, Kanji, Salmaan, Katzman, Sam, Kenes, Michael, Kinney, Justin, Kohler, Claire, Kovacic, Nicole, Kuroski, Julia, Landolf, Kaitlin, Laotheerachao, Rosalynn, Largana, Samuel, Lebrun, Genevieve, Leonardo, Kate, Levins, Elizabeth, Lewis-Wolfson, Temeka, Mailman, Jonathan, Man, Anna, Mandich, Veronica, McCullagh, Iain, McDonald, Jill, Gil, Antonella Milano, Ng, Wing Sum (Winny), Nguyen, Hang, O’Hare, Madeline, saleh, Jesus eduardo Ochoa, Oswald, Christopher, Patanwala, Asad, Payen, Jean-Francois, Phan, Brian, Radosevich, John, Reiter, Tamara, Remmington, Christopher, Reyes, Viviana, Roberts, Russel, Sagardia, Judith, Sall, Jas, Sanchez, Diego, Shoulders, Bethany, Sneyers, Barbara, Thiboutot, Zoe, Thompson, Melissa, Timmins, Alan, Tolosa, Carina Fernanda, Tolosa, Carina, Junin, Sanatorio, Torres, Valentin Gabriel, Tran, Sandy, Trinh, Thu Ha, Tynan, Sinead, Vu, Lan, Wilson, Franki, Cook, Aaron, Ciolek, Alana, Haines, Aleina, Rodriguez, Alejandra, Cheung, Alexandra, Leong, Amanda, Nisnik, Ana Laura, Mancilla, Ana Maria, Rinehimer, Brandon, Sloan, Brett, Bissell, Brittany, Kulilg, Caitlin, Coombe, Cassandra, Dominguez, Cecilia, Wampole, Chelsea, Rodriguez de la Quintana, Cristhian, Mulodjanov, Darina, Tsoller, Darina, Bowen, David, Gagnon, David, Purkayastha, Debanjali, Ali, Dina, Saidahmed, Elfayadh, Lewandowski, Emily, Schranz, Emily, MacNeil, Erin, Hanks, Fraser, Kassab, Hager, Brokmeier, Hannah, Kaur, Jaspreet, Huntress, Jeff, Clark, Jenna, Falvey, Jennifer, De Giacomo, Jessica, Smith, Jonathan, Ibarzabal, Juan, Niland, Judith, Muir, Justin, Gosek, Kasia, Maynard, Kaylee, Kooda, Kirstin, Pandya, Komal, Kaupp, Kristin, Ebitt, Laura, Bordon, Lucas, Chiscano, Lusi, Sosa, Manuel, Cosep, Marc, Lobo, Marcelo, Monte, Marco Flores, Sandler, Melissa, Bastin, Melissa Thompson, Armahizer, Michael, Wang, Michelle, Eshaghian, Miriam, Rizwan, Mohammad, Patel, Mona, Pistillo, Nestor, Harris, Nicole, Torella, Pau, Phongsamran, Paula, Woo, Priscilla, Garcia, Rhiannon, Sabelli, Rosana Gregori, Grant, Ryan, Delibert, Samantha, Parli, Sara, Wilson, Sharon, Yeung, Siu Yan Amy, Putruele, Sofia, Rappaport, Stephen, Welch, Susan, Moitra, Vivek, and Chediack, Viviana

Published
2023
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41. Thrifty swimming with shear-thinning

Author

Gagnon, David A. and Montenegro-Johnson, Thomas D.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

Microscale propulsion is integral to numerous biomedical systems, for example biofilm formation and human reproduction, where the surrounding fluids comprise suspensions of polymers. These polymers endow the fluid with non-Newtonian rheological properties, such as shear-thinning and viscoelasticity. Thus, the complex dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids presents numerous modelling challenges, strongly motivating experimental study. Here, we demonstrate that failing to account for "out-of-plane" effects when analysing experimental data of undulatory swimming through a shear-thinning fluid results in a significant overestimate of fluid viscosity around the model swimmer C. elegans. This miscalculation of viscosity corresponds with an overestimate of the power the swimmer expends, a key biophysical quantity important for understanding the internal mechanics of the swimmer. As experimental flow tracking techniques improve, accurate experimental estimates of power consumption using this technique will arise in similar undulatory systems, such as the planar beating of human sperm through cervical mucus, will be required to probe the interaction between internal power generation, fluid rheology, and the resulting waveform.

Published
2018
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42. Gender Differences in Demographic and Health Characteristics of the Million Veteran Program Cohort

Author

Harrington, Kelly M, Nguyen, Xuan-Mai T, Song, Rebecca J, Hannagan, Keri, Quaden, Rachel, Gagnon, David R, Cho, Kelly, Deen, Jennifer E, Muralidhar, Sumitra, O’Leary, Timothy J, Gaziano, John Michael, Whitbourne, Stacey B, Gaziano, J Michael, Ramoni, Rachel, Breeling, Jim, Chang, Kyong-Mi, Huang, Grant, O’Donnell, Christopher J, Tsao, Philip S, Moser, Jennifer, Brewer, Jessica V, Concato, John, Warren, Stuart, Pharm, D, Argyres, Dean P, Tsao, Philip, Stephens, Brady, Brophy, Mary T, Humphries, Donald E, Do, Nhan, Shayan, Shahpoor, Pyarajan, Saiju, Hauser, Elizabeth, Sun, Yan, Zhao, Hongyu, Wilson, Peter, McArdle, Rachel, Dellitalia, Louis, Harley, John, Whittle, Jeffrey, Beckham, Jean, Wells, John, Gutierrez, Salvador, Gibson, Gretchen, Kaminsky, Laurence, Villareal, Gerardo, Kinlay, Scott, Xu, Junzhe, Hamner, Mark, Haddock, Kathlyn Sue, Bhushan, Sujata, Iruvanti, Pran, Godschalk, Michael, Ballas, Zuhair, Buford, Malcolm, Mastorides, Stephen, Klein, Jon, Ratcliffe, Nora, Florez, Hermes, Swann, Alan, Murdoch, Maureen, Sriram, Peruvemba, Yeh, Shing Shing, Washburn, Ronald, Jhala, Darshana, Aguayo, Samuel, Cohen, David, Sharma, Satish, Callaghan, John, Oursler, Kris Ann, Whooley, Mary, Ahuja, Sunil, Gutierrez, Amparo, Schifman, Ronald, Greco, Jennifer, Rauchman, Michael, Servatius, Richard, Oehlert, Mary, Wallbom, Agnes, Fernando, Ronald, Morgan, Timothy, Stapley, Todd, Sherman, Scott, Anderson, Gwenevere, Sonel, Elif, Boyko, Edward, Meyer, Laurence, Gupta, Samir, Fayad, Joseph, and Hung, Adriana

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort Studies, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Migraine Disorders, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Physical Fitness, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Smoking, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Veterans Health, Young Adult, VA Million Veteran Program, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Public Health and Health Services, Public Health, Midwifery, Public health, Policy and administration
Abstract

BackgroundThe Department of Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program (MVP) is the largest ongoing cohort program of its kind, with 654,903 enrollees as of June 2018. The objectives of this study were to examine gender differences in the MVP cohort with respect to response and enrollment rates; demographic, health, and health care characteristics; and prevalence of self-reported health conditions.MethodsThe MVP Baseline Survey was completed by 415,694 veterans (8% women), providing self-report measures of demographic characteristics, health status, and medical history.ResultsRelative to men, women demonstrated a higher positive responder rate (23.0% vs. 16.0%), slightly higher enrollment rate (13.5% vs. 12.9%), and, among enrollees, a lower survey completion rate (59.7% vs. 63.8%). Women were younger, more racially diverse, had higher educational attainment, and were less likely to be married or cohabitating with a partner than men. Women were more likely to report good to excellent health status but poorer physical fitness, and less likely to report lifetime smoking and drinking than men. Compared with men, women veterans showed an increased prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions, thyroid problems, gastrointestinal conditions, migraine headaches, and mental health disorders, as well as a decreased prevalence of gout, cardiovascular diseases, high cholesterol, diabetes, and hearing problems.ConclusionsThese results revealed some substantial gender differences in the research participation rates, demographic profile, health characteristics, and prevalence of health conditions for veterans in the MVP cohort. Findings highlight the need for tailoring recruitment efforts to ensure representation of the increasing women veteran population receiving care through the Veterans Health Administration.

Published
2019

46. Ceftriaxone to PRevent pneumOnia and inflammaTion aftEr Cardiac arresT (PROTECT): study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Gagnon, David J., Ryzhov, Sergey V., May, Meghan A., Riker, Richard R., Geller, Bram, May, Teresa L., Bockian, Sarah, deKay, Joanne T., Eldridge, Ashley, Van der Kloot, Thomas, Lerwick, Patricia, Lord, Christine, Lucas, F. Lee, Mailloux, Patrick, McCrum, Barbara, Searight, Meghan, Wirth, Joel, Zuckerman, Jonathan, Sawyer, Douglas, and Seder, David B.

Published
2022
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48. Estimating the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiovascular Events Using Observational Data?

Author

Madenci, Arin L., Kurgansky, Katherine E., Dickerman, Barbra A., Gerlovin, Hanna, Wanis, Kerollos Nashat, Smith, Ann D., Trinqart, Ludovic, Gagnon, David R., Cho, Kelly, Gaziano, J. Michael, Casas, Juan P., Robins, James M., and Hernán, Miguel A.

Abstract

Background: Observational studies have reported strongly protective effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease, but with oversimplified definitions of the intervention, eligibility criteria, and follow-up, which deviate from those in a randomized trial. We describe an attempt to estimate the effect of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease without introducing these sources of bias, which may not be entirely possible with existing observational data. Methods: We propose two target trials among persons with diabetes: (1) bariatric operation (vs. no operation) among individuals who have undergone preoperative preparation (lifestyle modifications and screening) and (2) preoperative preparation and a bariatric operation (vs. neither preoperative nor operative component). We emulated both target trials using observational data of US veterans. Results: Comparing bariatric surgery with no surgery (target trial #1; 8,087 individuals), the 7-year cardiovascular risk was 18.0% (95% CI = 6.9, 32.7) in the surgery group and 18.9% (95% CI = 17.7, 20.1) in the no-surgery group (risk difference -0.9, 95% CI = -12.0, 14.0). Comparing preoperative components plus surgery vs. neither (target trial #2; 10,065 individuals), the 7-year cardiovascular risk was 17.4% (95% CI = 13.6, 22.0) in the surgery group and 18.8% (95% CI = 17.8, 19.9) in the no-surgery group (risk difference -1.4, 95% CI = -5.1, 3.2). Body mass index and hemoglobin A1c were reduced with bariatric interventions in both emulations. Conclusions: Within limitations of available observational data, our estimates do not provide evidence that bariatric surgery reduces cardiovascular disease and support equipoise for a randomized trial of bariatric surgery for cardiovascular disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (from the Million Veteran Program)

Author

Song, Rebecca J, Nguyen, Xuan-Mai T, Quaden, Rachel, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Justice, Amy C, Gagnon, David R, Cho, Kelly, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Concato, John, Gaziano, J Michael, Djoussé, Luc, Program, VA Million Veteran, Halasz, Ildiko, Federman, Daniel, Beckham, Jean, Sherman, Scott E, Sriram, Peruvemba, Tsao, Philip S, Boyko, Edward J, Xu, Junzhe, Lederle, Frank, Dellitalia, Louis J, McArdle, Rachel, Kaminsky, Laurence, Swann, Alan C, Hamner, Mark B, Florez, Hermes J, Pandya, Prashant, Villarreal, Gerardo, Wilson, Peter, Morgan, Timothy R, Davis, Lori, Hurley, Robin A, Meyer, Laurence, Ahuja, Sunil K, Konicki, Eric P, Cohen, David, Lichy, Jack, Whittle, Jeffrey, Haddock, Kathlyn Sue, Straub, Karl D, Callaghan, John T, Aguayo, Samuel M, Gupta, Samir, Washburn, Ronald G, Oehlert, Mary E, Hung, Adriana M, Wallbom, Agnes, Keith, Robert, Sonel, Elif, Schifman, Ronald B, Childress, Richard D, Godschalk, Michael F, Shuldiner, Alan R, Rastogi, Padmashri, Gutierrez, Salvador, Fernando, Ronald, Iruvanti, Pran R, Jhala, Darshana, Rosado-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mastorides, Stephen M, Harley, John B, Mattocks, Kristin, Robey, Brooks, Striker, Robert T, Rauchman, Michael, Wells, John, Ballas, Zuhair K, Woods, Susan S, Yeh, Shing Shing, Ratcliffe, Nora R, Klein, Jon B, Golden, Adam G, Ginzburg, Harold M, Sharma, Satish, Oursler, Kris Ann K, Whooley, Mary A, Gibson, Gretchen, and Heinz

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Substance Misuse, Brain Disorders, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Oral and gastrointestinal, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Beverages, Alcoholism, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Protective Factors, Risk Factors, Self Report, United States, Veterans, VA Million Veteran Program, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the general population but has not been well studied in US veterans. We obtained self-reported alcohol consumption from Million Veteran Program participants. Using electronic health records, CAD events were defined as 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient diagnosis codes for CAD, or 1 code for a coronary procedure. We excluded participants with prevalent CAD (n = 69,995) or incomplete alcohol information (n = 8,449). We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CAD, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, race, smoking, education, and exercise. Among 156,728 participants, the mean age was 65.3 years (standard deviation = 12.1) and 91% were men. There were 6,153 CAD events during a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for CAD were 1.00 (reference), 1.02 (0.92 to 1.13), 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93), 0.77 (0.67 to 0.87), 0.71 (0.62 to 0.81), 0.62 (0.51 to 0.76), 0.58 (0.46 to 0.74), and 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) for categories of never drinker; former drinker; current drinkers of ≤0.5 drink/day, >0.5 to 1 drink/day, >1 to 2 drinks/day, >2 to 3 drinks/day, and >3 to 4 drinks/day; and heavy drinkers (>4 drinks/day) or alcohol use disorder, respectively. For a fixed amount of ethanol, intake at ≥3 days/week was associated with lower CAD risk compared with ≤1 day/week. Beverage preference (beer, wine, or liquor) did not influence the alcohol-CAD relation. Our data show a lower risk of CAD with light-to-moderate alcohol consumption among US veterans, and drinking frequency may provide a further reduction in risk.

Published
2018

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