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In previous work, we reported on the design of biodegradable rhein-loaded PLGA microparticles for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Considering that a formulation designed for intra-articular administration must meet sterility requirements to guarantee its safety, in this study the effect of gamma radiation sterilization on these microparticles was evaluated. The size, morphology, and surface characteristics of the microparticles and the encapsulation efficiency of rhein were not affected by the sterilization process. Although DSC and PXRD analyses suggested otherwise, rhein release profiles were not altered by gamma radiation. The release of rhein from the microparticles was fitted to a Gompertz model. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that gamma radiation is a suitable method for the sterilization of rhein-loaded PLGA microparticles to enable their intra-articular administration in order to provide a therapeutic solution to patients suffering from chronic joint diseases.

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of oregano essential oil on the growth performance, blood glucose levels, body composition and intestinal morphometry of Nile tilapia reared in salinized water at 10 g/L for 64 days. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates, in which a control diet and four diets containing increasing concentrations of oregano essential oil (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3.0 g/kg) were tested. The best results for the growth parameters were obtained with the oregano essential oil inclusion level of 0.75 g/kg, but did not differ (p > .05) from inclusion levels of 0.0, 2.25 and 3.0 g/kg. Conversely, the treatment including the oil level of 1.5 g/kg was the only one to produce significantly (p

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 representa un desafío para la salud mundial y continúa en investigación. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas, demográficas, clínicas y la mortalidad por todas las causas de pacientes internados con COVID-19 en un establecimiento de salud privado de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal y descriptivo entre el 3 de marzo y el 8 de julio de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 por RT-PCR de hisopado nasofaríngeo internados en sala general y unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) del Sanatorio San José. Se analizaron las características epidemiológicas, demográficas (edad, sexo, ocupación, procedencia, residencia), clínicas y mortalidad por todas las causas. Las variables continuas fueron descriptas con mediana y rango intercuartilo (RIC) y las variables categóricas con número y porcentaje. Se utilizó el programa STATA v 13.0. Resultados: Se incluyeron 118 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 50 años, 51% varones. Las comorbilidades más prevalentes fueron hipertensión arterial 31,4%, enfermedad neurológica crónica 27,1%, enfermedad cardiovascular 14,4% y diabetes 13,6%. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes: fiebre 68,6% y tos 51,7%. Según la severidad inicial: 33,9% neumonía moderada y 27,1% grave. El 75% de las tomografías de tórax reveló vidrio esmerilado; linfopenia presentó el 30%. No se detectó coinfección viral. La mortalidad por todas las causas fue del 20%, y del 57% en UTI con ventilación mecánica. Conclusiones: Nuestro trabajo describe las características y mortalidad de pacientes internados con COVID-19. Es necesario aumentar la evidencia para desarrollar modelos de predicción clínica relacionados con COVID-19.

Una sinopsis de los registros de las especies válidas de mixozoários (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) descritas en las Américas se proporciona con base en un levantamiento bibliográfico desde 1893, cuando la primera especie de mixosporídeo fue descrita, hasta diciembre de 2016. Esta es una sinopsis de 495 especies, Distribuidas en 36 géneros, 15 familias y asociadas a 286 especies de hospedadores. En términos de número de asociaciones hospedador-parasito, los peces fueron el grupo más representativo (97% del número total de asociaciones hospedador-parasito, mientras que los registros en las aves representaron el 0,2%, los crustáceos 0,2%, helmintos 0,2, 0,8% reptiles y 1,6% fueron en los anfibios. El número de descripciones de mixozoarios fue mayor en la Región Neártica en relación a la Región Neotropical. La sinopsis incluye una lista parásito-hospedador con datos sobre el hábitat del hospedador, el sitio de infección, la localidad, el tamaño y el formato del quiste, las medidas de las esporas y los especímenes en las colecciones y una lista de los parásitos.

Pseudoplatystoma (Bleeker, 1862) species are of commercial importance in the region of Rondônia, however studies with the species are scarce, so the objective of the research was to carry out a diagnosis of the composition and structure of the parasite communities of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus, 1766) and P. tigrinum (Valenciennes, 1840) of the river basin Jamari, Ariquemes - RO, Brazil. During the period from November / 2016 to February / 2018, 50 specimens of P. tigrinum and 51 specimens of P. fasciatum were collected. Of the total sampled fish, 45 specimens of P. tigrinum and 51 specimens P. fasciatum were parasitized by at least one species of parasite presenting a prevalence level of 90% and 100%, respectively. In the parasitic infrapopulations of P. tigrinum, the groups with the highest prevalence rates were nematodes, with larvae being the largest representative of the group, followed by monogenean Vancleaveus ciccinus Kritsky, Thatcher e Boeger, 1986 and for P. fasciatum the parasite helminths that presented the highest prevalence level were the Cestoda groups: Megathylacus sp. Woodland, 1934; Harriscolex sp. Rego, 1987; Monticellia sp. La Rue, 1911; Nominoscolex sp. Woodland, 1934; Nematoda: larvae; Eustrongylides sp. Jägerskiöld, 1909; Cucullanus sp. Müller, 1777; Contracaecum sp. Railliet Henry, 1912 and Monogenea: Vancleaveus ciccinus One species showed a negative correlation between total length and average abundance for P. tigrinum, while P. fasciatum correlation was positive for three species. The comparison of abundance averages by sex for P. tigrinum showed no significant difference between groups, for P. fasciatum a significant difference was observed among the individuals parasitized by Peltidocotyle sp., Monticellia sp., Nominoscolex sp. where females showed higher average abundance in relation to males.

Introduction HIV worsens HCV-related liver disease by accelerating fibrosis progression; however, progression rates are extremely variable among HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. NK cells are associated with modulation of liver fibrosis and are profoundly altered during HCV and HIV infections. CD4+ T-cells modulate NK cell function, and are also affected by HIV infection. Here, we aim to characterize the association of hepatic fibrosis with both the phenotype and function of peripheral NK cells and their regulation by CD4+ T-cells, in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. Methods Thirty-four HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals with minimal (n = 16) and advanced (n = 18) fibrosis (METAVIR F0/F1 and F4 scores respectively) and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. PBMC were obtained from peripheral blood samples and NK and CD4+ T-cells were isolated and analysed. NK cell phenotype (CD25, CD69, Nkp46, NKG2D, PD-1), degranulation (CD107a) and IFN-γ and TNF-α production, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation (CD69, CD25 and CD38) were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+ T-cell conditioned medium (CM) derived from F0/F1 or F4 individuals was assessed for IL-2 levels by ELISA. Modulation of NK cell functionality by these CMs was also analysed. Results When comparing to NK cells from individuals with minimal fibrosis, degranulation and cytokine secretion by NK cells from subjects with F4 scores was significantly impaired, while PD-1 expression was augmented. On the one hand, neither the expression of activation markers nor IL-2 secretion was distinctly induced in CD4+ T-cells from subjects with F0/F1 or F4 METAVIR scores. Finally, NK cell degranulation and cytokine secretion were not differentially modulated by CD4+ T-cell CM, whether CD4+ T-cells derived from subjects with minimal or advanced fibrosis. Conclusions Low levels of NK and CD4+ T-cells in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals with advanced liver fibrosis have been previously described. Here, we show that advanced liver fibrosis in coinfected individuals is associated to a defective function of NK cells and an increased expression of the exhaustion/senescence marker PD-1. This NK signature could not be attributed to changes in the ability of CD4+ T-cells to modulate NK cell function.

During a parasitological survey of Astyanax altiparanae captured in the Mogi Guaçú river, Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil, a new species of myxozoa was observed infecting the kidney of 30 of 42 specimens. Plasmodia of the new myxozoa, referred to herein as Unicauda whippsi n. sp. were spherical and varied from 450 to 1000 μm in length. The mature spore was elongated and measured 11 ± 1.2 (10–12) μm long by 5.4 ± 0.6 (4.7–7.2) μm wide. Polar capsules of unequal length with the filament coiled 7–9 times and a unique caudal process characteristic of the genus Unicauda, were recorded. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that U. whippsi n. sp. clustered with members of the genus Unicauda and Myxobolus, confirming it’s placement within the family Myxobolidae. This is the first record of a species of Unicauda infecting characiform fish, as well as the first registered occurrence of species of this genus in South America.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-22T19:39:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Let?cia Gabriela Poblete Vidal.pdf: 2525390 bytes, checksum: 162c0cfed2f6b4d8e94cb85c1c0254da (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T19:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Let?cia Gabriela Poblete Vidal.pdf: 2525390 bytes, checksum: 162c0cfed2f6b4d8e94cb85c1c0254da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico The hope of this study was increased the knowledge of biodiversity of myxozoan fish parasites, unknown to some groups. In chapter 1, the goal was provide a synopsis of Myxozoa Grass?, 1970 species in the Americas based on records of the valid species of myxozoans (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) described in the Americas is provided based on a comprehensive survey of the literature since 1893, when the first myxozoan species was reported, until December 2015. The synopsis include the habitat of the host, site of the infection of the parasite, locality, size (?m or mm) and form of the plasmodia, spore measurements, provide specimens to parasitological collections, molecular data and explicit linkage of host. This synopsis was based on original descriptions. In chapter 2, the present work complements the original description of H. friderici Casal Matos and Azevedo, 2003 with new morphological and molecular data with Gill filaments on Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) from the Mogi Gua?? River, state of S?o Paulo. Finaly, in chapter 3, specie of Henneguya was found in the kidneys of Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes: Characidae) and were analyzed by morphological and molecular studies with analysis of the rDNA of the small subunid of the ribosome (18S). These data identify a new species of Myxozoa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar os conhecimentos sobre a biodiversidade de mixospor?deos parasitos de peixes, visto o escasso conhecimento para esse grupo. No cap?tulo 1 o objetivo foi fornecer uma sinopse de esp?cies de Myxozoa Grass?, 1970 nas Am?ricas com base em um levantamento bibliogr?fico desde 1893, quando a primeira esp?cie de myxospor?deo foi descrita, at? dezembro de 2015. A sinopse inclui uma lista parasito-hospedeiro com dados sobre o habitat do hospedeiro, s?tio de infec??o, localidade, tamanho e formato do cisto, medidas dos esporos e esp?cimes em cole??es e uma lista de parasitos-hospedeiros. Nessa sinopse s?o relatados somente as descri??es originais encontradas nas Am?ricas. No cap?tulo 2, ? inclu?da uma descri??o de H. friderici Casal, Matos e Azevedo, 2003 com novos dados morfol?gicos e moleculares com material proveniente de amostras de filamentos branquiais de Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) do rio Mogi Gua??, estado de S?o Paulo. Finalmente, no cap?tulo 3, uma esp?cie de Henneguya encontrada nos rins de Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes: Characidae) foi descrita e ilustrada com base na sua morfologia e na an?lise do rDNA da subunidade maior do ribossomo (28S). Estes dados identificam uma poss?vel esp?cie nova de Myxozoa.

This study aimed to describe the diarrhea and parasites infection, evaluate the occurrence of failure of passive immunity transference and Escherichia coli EIEC/EPEC in heifer calves in calves from birth to one hundred days old, reared in individual crates under paddock. The feces collected weekly during the period September 2009 to June 2011 were examined by flotation in saturated sugar and centrifugal sedimentation in formalin-ether. The coagulation test by 10% glutaraldehyde was used to verify the transfer of passive immunity. The bacterial identification was performed from isolates in specific media. One hundred and eighteen heifers were followed, totaling 1457 fecal samples. The incidence rates of diarrhea and infection by Cryptosporidium, G. intestinalis, Eimeria and helminths were respectively 25.7, 13.2, 16.6, 26.9 and 16.7 new cases per 100 calves week. The average age of calves that had diarrhea was 54.2 ± 26.6, when they eliminated Cryptosporidium oocysts was 52.6 ± 26.1, cysts of G. intestinalis 40.1 ± 20 oocysts of Eimeria 49.5 ± 21.8 and Strongylida type eggs 64.9 ± 22.3 days. In none sample the intensity of infection by Cryptosporidium and Giardia was high. Samples of 62 calves were submited to bacteriological analysis and no sample was characterized as E. coli EPEC/EIEC. 69.6% of the calves, the amount of immunoglobulins was satisfactory. Despite the high incidence of diarrhea, mortality was low, due to low virulence of bioagents and low intensities of infection, as well as the system administration of colostrum and adopted creating the property. The similarity between the average age of calves with diarrhea and those eliminated Cryptosporidium spp. probably indicates that this bioagent, among those surveyed, is primarily responsible for diarrheal observed frames.

The myxozoan Henneguya friderici is a parasite of the gills, intestine, kidney and liver of Leporinus friderici, a characiform fish belonging to the family Anostomidae. Forty-two specimens of L. friderici that had been caught in the Mogi Guaçú River, state of São Paulo, were studied. Elongated white plasmodia were found in the gill filaments of 10 host specimens (24%). The mature spores had an ellipsoidal body with polar capsules of equal size and caudal length greater than body length. This study also described 18S rDNA sequencing of H. friderici infecting the gill filaments. This produced a sequence of 1050 bp that demonstrated significant genetic differences with previously described species of Henneguya. Similarity analysis using sequences from species that clustered closest to those produced by this study showed that the species with greatest genetic similarity to H. friderici was H. leporinicola, with 94% similarity.

Objetivou-se avaliar a variação média no tamanho dos oocistos de Eimeria, segundo as categorias das variáveis: faixa etária das bezerras (zero a 100 e 101 a 180 dias de idade) e intensidade de infecção bem como correlacionar as espécies do gênero Eimeria, utilizando técnicas de morfometria. De agosto/2010 a junho/2011, no Município de Piraí, RJ, foram coletadas 1512 amostras de fezes de 57 bezerras, sendo 955 enquanto estavam na faixa etária de 0 a 100 dias e 557 já com 101 a 180 dias. Com base nas características morfológicas e morfométricas dos oocistos esporulados, identificaram-se nove espécies nas seguintes porcentagens: E. ellipsoidalis (39,7%), E. alabamensis (18,4%), E. bovis (12,1%), E. zuernii (11,4%), E. subspherica (7,3%), E. cylindrica (6,0%), E. auburnensis (3,6%), E. wyomingensis (1,0%) e E. canadensis (0,6%). As bezerras de até 100 dias apresentaram maior intensidade de infecção e, nas duas faixas etárias houve menos amostras classificadas como de alta intensidade. Pode-se observar que não houve correlação (p>0,05) entre as técnicas de medidas aplicadas, mostrando que uma independe da outra. Com base na análise dos oocistos da espécie E. ellipsoidalis, pode-se observar que a idade dos animais influenciou na morfometria dos oocistos em ambos os recursos de medida. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na morfometria dos oocistos de acordo com a intensidade de infecção. The aim of this study was evaluate the average variation in the size of oocysts of Eimeria, recovered from heifer calves, using the following variables: age of the calves (0-100 and 101-180 days of age) and intensity of infection. In addition two measurements techniques were employed to correlate the morphometry of Eimeria species. A total of 1512 fecal samples were collected from 57 heifer calves in the municipality of Pirai, Rio de Janeiro, during the period August/2010 to June/2011, with 955 collected during the period 0-100 days and 557 from calves between 101-180 days old. Nine species of Eimeria were identified based on morphological and morphometric characteristics of oocysts and were present at the following percentages: E. ellipsoidalis (39.7%), E. alabamensis (18.4%), E. bovis (12.1%), E. zuernii (11.4%), E. subspherica (7.3%), E. cylindrica (6.0%), E. auburnensis (3.6%), E. wyomingensis (1.0%) and E. canadensis (0.6%). Calves up to 100 days old showed higher intensities of infection (%). Yet, in both age groups high intensity infection was the least frequently observed category of infection. Statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation (p> 0.05) between the two measurement techniques, indicating that they were equal effective. In the specific case of the oocysts of E. ellipsoidalis, it was observed that the age of the animals influenced oocyst morphometry as analyzed using either measurement techniques. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the morphometry of oocysts was observed in relation to the intensity of infection.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2020-02-06T16:59:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leticia Gabriela Poblete Vidal.pdf: 884487 bytes, checksum: c6b81ae45910ee74c94cc8865338747d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-06T16:59:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leticia Gabriela Poblete Vidal.pdf: 884487 bytes, checksum: c6b81ae45910ee74c94cc8865338747d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES The presence of eimerian oocysts in the feces of cattle is very frequent and affects especially young animals. In general the infection is multispecific and the occurrence varies according the age of the host animals. The aim of this study was evaluate the average variation in the size of oocysts of Eimeria, according to the categories of variables: age of the calves (0 to 100 and 101 to 180 days of age) and intensity of infection. And through two techniques to characterize the morphometry of the genus Eimeria, in the municipality of Pirai, RJ. From August 2010 to June 2011 weekly were collected fresh fecal samples and placed in indentified plastic bags under refrigeration until processing. At the end of the study were collected 1512 fecal samples. A portion of feces was processed following the technique of centrifugal flotation in sugar saturated solution for counting oocyst per grams of feces (OPG). Another portion was added solution of potassium dichromate at 2.5% in the proportion (1:2) to sporulation that occurred at room temperature for identification percentage of the genus Eimeria. Based on morphological and morphometric characteristics of oocysts were identified nine species of Eimeria: E. ellipsoidalis (39,7%), E. alabamensis (18,4%), E. bovis (12,1%), E. zuernii (11,4%), E. subspherica (7,3%), E. cylindrica (6,0%), E. auburnensis (3,6%), E. wyomingensis (1,0%) and E. canadensis (0,6%). In the present study, calves up to 100 days showed higher infection intensity (%) and in both age groups there was fewer samples classified as high intensity. After statistical analysis can be seen there was no correlation (p> 0.05) among the technical measures, showing that one is independent from other. Based on the analysis of the oocysts of the species E. ellipsoidalis, can observe that the age of the animals influence the shape of oocysts in both measurement resources. However, no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the morphometry of oocysts according to the intensity of infection A presen?a de oocistos do g?nero Eimeria nas fezes de bovinos ? muito frequente e afeta principalmente os animais jovens. Em geral a infec??o ? multiespec?fica e a ocorr?ncia das esp?cies varia de acordo com a idade dos animais hospedeiros. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a varia??o m?dia no tamanho dos oocistos de Eimeria, segundo as categorias das vari?veis: faixa et?ria das bezerras (0 a 100 e 101 a 180 dias de idade) e intensidade de infec??o. E caracterizar atrav?s de duas t?cnicas de morfometria as esp?cies do g?nero Eimeria, no Munic?pio de Pira?, RJ. No per?odo de agosto de 2010 a junho de 2011 foram coletadas, semanalmente, amostras fecais direto da ampola retal e acondicionadas em sacos pl?sticos devidamente identificados, e mantidas sob refrigera??o at? o momento de serem examinadas. No final do per?odo de estudo foram obtidas 1512 amostras de fezes. Uma parte das fezes foi processada seguindo a t?cnica de centr?fugo-flutua??o em solu??o saturada de a??car para a contagem de oocistos por grama de fezes (OoPG). ? outra parte foi acrescentada solu??o de dicromato de pot?ssio a 2,5% na propor??o de (1:2) para que ocorresse a esporula??o em temperatura ambiente para posterior identifica??o percentual das esp?cies do g?nero Eimeria. Com base nas caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e morfom?tricas dos oocistos esporulados identificaram-se nove esp?cies de Eimeria: E. ellipsoidalis (39,7%), E. alabamensis (18,4%), E. bovis (12,1%), E. zuernii (11,4%), E. subspherica (7,3%), E. cylindrica (6,0%), E. auburnensis (3,6%), E. wyomingensis (1,0%) e E. canadensis (0,6%). No presente estudo as bezerras de at? 100 dias apresentaram maior intensidade de infec??o (%) e, nas duas faixas et?rias houve menos amostras classificadas como de alta intensidade. Ap?s a an?lise estat?stica pode-se observar que n?o houve correla??o (p>0,05) entre as t?cnicas de medidas aplicadas, mostrando que uma independe da outra. Com base na an?lise dos oocistos da esp?cie E. ellipsoidalis, pode-se observar que a idade dos animais influenciou na forma dos oocistos em ambos os recursos de medida. Entretanto, n?o houve diferen?a significativa (p>0,05) na morfometria dos oocistos de acordo com a intensidade de infec??o

This study aimed to evaluate the association between diarrhea and risk factors potentially related to diarrhea incidence, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Eimeria and nematode infection, animal age, failure to transfer passive immunity, type of fertilization (artificial insemination - AI, in vitro production of embryos - IVP and natural breeding), mother (heifer/cow) and birth weight of heifer calves reared in individual outdoor hutches on a dairy farm. The database used in the present study refers to a weekly survey of a cohort of 118 heifer calves from birth to 100 days of age. A logistic generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to evaluate the functional relationship between the risk of diarrhea occurrence and birth weight. For analysis purposes, the database was divided into calves up to 30 days old and calves 31 to 100 days old. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models via generalized estimating equations. All variables were included in the models and were removed oneby-one according to Wald statistics to obtain the final model. The relative risks (RR) and their respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated. The final model for calves up to 30 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.33 (90% CI 0.14; 0.75)] is a protective factor and that Cryptosporidium spp. infection [RR=1.95 (90% CI 1.22; 3.12)] is a risk factor. Although not statistically significant [RR=1.46 (90% CI 0.98; 2.18)], failure to transfer passive immunity increases the risk of diarrhea. The final model for calves 31 - 100 days old showed that IVP [RR=0.50 (90% IC 0.28; 0.89)] and birth weight ? 40 kg [RR=0.65 (90% CI 0.47; 0.89)] are protective factors. In this age group, Cryptosporidium spp. infection has no statistical significance [RR=1.25 (90% CI 0.95; 1.64)]. These results indicate that some of the diarrhea episodes observed in animals up to 30 days old could be explained by Cryptosporidium infection; therefore, better monitoring of these animals is recommended. Greater care in colostrum administration is suggested because animals with hypoglobulinemia are more sensitive to diarrhea occurrence. Although attention should be given to all animals with a low birth weight, special care should be given to those 31 to 100 days old.

Fagundes T.F., Vidal L.G.P., Alves P.A.M., McIntosh D., Menezes R. C.A.A., Fonseca A.H. & Pereira M.J.S. Molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis in heifer calves reared in individual shelters within paddocks at the Municipality of Piraí in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [Caracterização molecular de Giardia intestinalis em bezerras criadas em abrigos individuais dentro de piquetes no Município de Piraí, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil]. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 35(Supl.2):17-21, 2013. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Anexo 1 do Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, 23897-970, Brazil. E-mail: tha.fagundes@gmail.com This study aimed to characterize the G. intestinalis genotypes in heifer calves from birth to 100 days old, reared in individual shelters within paddocks in the municipality of Piraí, Rio de Janeiro State. Molecular characterization of the protozoan genotypes was performed by analyzing the β-Giardin gene via PCR (nested-PCR). Samples from 30 heifer calves positive for Giardia cysts in parasitological examinations were selected for PCR analysis, and of these samples, 10 were digested with the enzyme HaeIII. Following digestion the genotypes were confirmed by sequencing. The genotypes A and E were identified in 30% and 70% of the samples analyzed, respectively. As genotype A is infectious to humans and the affected calves can be a source of infection, this parasitosis is of great public health importance. This is the first study to characterize G. intestinalis genotypes present in heifer calves reared in individual shelters within paddocks in Rio de Janeiro State., Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar molecularmente os genótipos de G. intestinalis em bezerras criadas em abrigos individuais dentro de piquetes no município de Piraí, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A caracterização molecular do protozoário foi realizada usando o gene β-giardin como alvo por PCR (nested-PCR). Amostras de 30 bezerras positivas para cistos de Giardia em exames parasitológicos foram selecionadas para realização da PCR e dez dessas foram submetidas à digestão com a enzima HaeIII. Após a digestão, os genótipos foram confirmados por sequenciamento. Os genótipos A e E foram identificados em 30% e 70% das amostras analisadas, respectivamente. Como o genótipo A é infectante para o homem e bezerras infectadas podem servir de fonte de infecção, esta parasitose reveste-se de importância em saúde publica. Este é o primeiro estudo que caracteriza os genótipos de G. intestinalis presentes em bezerras criadas em abrigos individuais em piquetes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Este trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a diarreia e a infeccao por parasitas e, avaliar a ocorrencia de falha na transferencia de imunidade passiva e de Escherichia coli enteropatogenica/enteroinvasiva em bezerras do nascimento aos cem dias de idade, criadas em sistema de abrigo individual em piquete. As fezes coletadas, semanalmente, durante o periodo de setembro de 2009 a junho de 2011 foram examinadas por meio das tecnicas de centrifugo-flutuacao em solucao saturada de acucar e centrifugo-sedimentacao em formol-eter. O teste de coagulacao pelo glutaraldeido a 10% foi utilizado para verificar a transferencia de imunidade passiva. A identificacao bacteriologica foi realizada a partir de isolamentos em meios especificos. Cento e dezoito bezerras foram acompanhadas, totalizando 1457 amostras fecais. As taxas de incidencia de diarreia e de infeccao por Cryptosporidium, G. intestinalis, Eimeria e helmintos foram respectivamente 25,7, 13,2, 16,6, 26,9 e 16,7 casos novos por 100 bezerras-semana. A media de idade de bezerras que apresentaram diarreia foi 54,2±26,6, quando eliminaram oocistos de Cryptosporidium foi de 52,6±26,1, cistos de G. intestinalis 40,1±20, oocistos de Eimeria 49,5±21,8 e ovos do tipo Strongylida 64,9±22,3 dias. Em nenhuma amostra a intensidade de infeccao por Cryptosporidium e Giardia foi classificada como alta. Amostras de fezes de 62 bezerras foram submetidas a analise bacteriologica e nenhuma cepa foi caracterizada como E. coli enteropatogencia/ enteroinvasiva. Em 69,6% das bezerras, a quantidade de imunoglobulinas no sangue foi satisfatoria. Apesar da alta incidencia de diarreia, a letalidade foi baixa, possivelmente devido pouca virulencia dos bioagentes e as baixas intensidades das infeccoes, assim como, aos sistema de administracao de colostro e de criacao adotado na propriedade. A semelhanca entre a idade media das bezerras com diarreia e aquelas que eliminaram oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. indica que provavelmente este bioagente, dentre os pesquisados, e o principal responsavel pelos quadros diarreicos observados.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-01-28T01:12:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Ang?lica Lago Carvalho.pdf: 820603 bytes, checksum: 1c01c641b89b357068e95f4e645518a9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-28T01:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Ang?lica Lago Carvalho.pdf: 820603 bytes, checksum: 1c01c641b89b357068e95f4e645518a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-29 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The objective of the research was to know the composition and structure of parasitic communities of native fish of rivers that make up the sub-basin of the Jamari-RO river. Fish samples were obtained from local fishermen during the period from April 2016 to April 2018. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to identify, at the level of parasitic infrapopulations, the ecological descriptors of prevalence, abundance, average abundance, intensity and intensity for each species of parasite. Chapter I describes the parasitic infracommunity of 120 specimens of Cichla monoculus Agassiz, 1831. Its parasitic fauna was composed of a total of 2.369 helminth parasites, from 13 different taxa: 3 digenetic; 2 monogenetic; 2 cestodes; 5 nematodes and 1 pentastomide. The comparison of the prevalence according to the seasonality of the region showed that protocfalid cestodes were the most predominant species in all collection stations and nematodes were more prevalent in the dry season 2017 and rainy 2016 and 2017. Of the 75 specimens of C. piquiti Kullander and Ferreira, 2006 analyzed 55 were infected by at least 1 parasite, the parasitic fauna was composed by a total of 1.100 helminth parasites of 12 different taxa: 3 digenetic; 1 monogenetic; 2 cestodes and 6 nematodes. The prevalence and parasitic abundance of C. monoculus has been shown to be influenced by regional seasonality. The total length of the hosts did not correlate with the abundance of the metazoan parasites and the average abundance was not influenced by sex for both species. Chapter II of 50 specimens Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum (Valenciennes, 1840) were infected with 45 at least one parasite species, with a prevalence of 90% and 51 specimens of P. fasciatum (Linnaeus, 1766) with 100% prevalence. The parasitic fauna of Pseudoplatystoma was composed of 19.283 helminths of different taxa: 3 digenetic; 5 cestodes; 3 crustacea; 1 monogenetic; 4 nematodes; 1 myxozoa. P. tigrinum presented higher prevalence of nematodes and monogenetics. Total length and mean abundance for nematode larvae showed a negative correlation, and no significant correlation was observed for the other groups. The mean abundance was not influenced by sex. For P. fasciatum cestoides, nematodes and monogenetics presented higher prevalence. There was a positive correlation between the average abundance of the cestodes Peltidocotyle rugosa, Nominoscolex sudobim and the total length of the fish. The average abundance was influenced by the sex of the infected host by Peltidocotyle rugosa, Monticellia spinulifera, Nominoscolex sudobim where females had higher mean abundance and males. O objetivo da pesquisa foi conhecer a composi??o e estrutura das comunidades parasit?rias de peixes nativos de rios que comp?em a sub-bacia do rio Jamari-RO. Os exemplares de peixes, foram obtidos atrav?s de pescadores locais durante o per?odo de abril de 2016 a abril de 2018. Foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa visando identificar, em n?vel das infrapopula??es parasit?rias, os descritores ecol?gicos de preval?ncia, abund?ncia, abund?ncia m?dia, intensidade e intensidade m?dia para cada esp?cie de parasito. O cap?tulo I descreve a infracomunidade parasit?ria de 120 esp?cimes de Cichla monoculus Agassiz, 1831. Sua fauna parasit?ria foi composta por um total de 2.369 helmintos parasitos, de 13 diferentes t?xons: 3 digen?ticos; 2 monogen?ticos; 2 cestoides; 5 nematoides e 1 pentastom?deo. A compara??o da preval?ncia de acordo com a sazonalidade da regi?o demonstrou que os cestoides protocefal?deos foram as esp?cies mais predominantes em todas as esta??es de coleta e nematoides foram mais prevalentes na esta??o seca 2017 e chuvosa 2016 e 2017. Dos 75 esp?cimes de C. piquiti Kullander e Ferreira, 2006 analisados 55 estavam infectados por pelo menos 1 parasito, a fauna parasit?ria foi composta por um total de 1.100 helmintos parasitos de 12 t?xons diferentes: 3 digen?ticos; 1 monogen?tico; 2 cestoides e 6 nematoides. A preval?ncia e abund?ncia parasit?ria de C. monoculus demonstrou sofrer influ?ncia da sazonalidade regional. O comprimento total dos hospedeiros n?o apresentou correla??o com a abund?ncia dos metazo?rios parasitos e a abund?ncia m?dia n?o foi influenciada pelo sexo, para ambas as esp?cies. No cap?tulo II dos 50 esp?cimes de Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum (Valenciennes, 1840) 45 estavam infectados por pelo menos uma esp?cie de parasito, com preval?ncia de 90% e dos 51 esp?cimes de P. fasciatum (Linnaeus, 1766) com 100% de preval?ncia. A fauna parasit?ria de Pseudoplatystoma foi composta por 19.283 helmintos de diferentes t?xons: 3 digen?ticos; 5 cestoides; 3 crustacea; 1 monogen?tico; 4 nematoides; 1 myxozoa. P. tigrinum apresentou maior preval?ncia de nematoides e monogen?ticos. O comprimento total e a abund?ncia m?dia para as larvas de nematoides apresentaram uma correla??o negativa, n?o sendo foi observada correla??o significativa para os demais grupos. A abund?ncia m?dia n?o foi influenciada pelo sexo. Para P. fasciatum cestoides, nematoides e monogen?ticos apresentaram maior preval?ncia. Houve correla??o positiva entre a abund?ncia m?dia dos cestoides Peltidocotyle rugosa, Nominoscolex sudobim e o comprimento total dos peixes. A abund?ncia m?dia foi influenciada pelo sexo do hospedeiro parasitados por Peltidocotyle rugosa, Monticellia spinulifera, Nominoscolex sudobim onde as f?meas apresentaram maior abund?ncia m?dia em rela??o aos machos.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-10-04T12:13:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Juliana Moreira de Oliveira.pdf: 2082183 bytes, checksum: 84123316dc5141e351a83442fe816b30 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-04T12:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Juliana Moreira de Oliveira.pdf: 2082183 bytes, checksum: 84123316dc5141e351a83442fe816b30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-27 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior With the aim of studying the diversity and the host-parasite association of Anacanthorus spp. parasites of fish of the family Serrasalmidae, between October 2015 to July 2016 parasitological surveys of 11 species of serrasalmids, from 4 different localities: the Miranda River (Mato Grosso do Sul), the Mogi Gua?u River (S?o Paulo), the Upper Paran? River (Paran?) and the Xingu River (Par?). Parasites were analyzed morphologically, and some species were sequenced genetically. Two new species of Anacanthorus were found and described, the first from the gills of Serrasalmus maculatus, and the second from the gills of Myloplus schomburgkii, both differing from its congeners mainly by the morphology of the copulatory complex. Additionally, new hosts and geographical records were provided, together with new partial sequences of the COI mtDNA gene of species of Anacanthorus. The phylogenetic position of Anacanthorus spp. parasites of serrasalmids fish was investigated based on partial sequences of the 28S gene of species of Anacanthorus and of Mymarothecium viatorum, and monogenean sequences retrieved from GenBank. The analyses support the monophyly of the anacanthorine, represented by Anacanthorus in this study, and the phylogenetic relationships between Anacanthorus spp. corresponded to the phylogenetic relationships among the three major lineages of Serrasalmidae. The coevolutionary history between Anacanthorus spp. and their serrasalmid hosts was also investigated to elucidate the speciation process of the species of Anacanthorus of this host-parasite system. The molecular phylogeny of the studied serrasalmids and of Anacanthorus spp. was reconstructed from partial 16S and 28S gene sequences, respectively. The distance-based analysis rejected the hypothesis of global cospeciation in this host-parasite system. The tree-based method revealed that the evolutionary history of the Anacanthorus-Serrasalmidae system was driven by multiple mechanisms of speciation. Cospeciation was identified, however, only at higher levels, such as host lineage and genera Com o objetivo de estudar a diversidade e a rela??o parasito-hospedeiro de Anacanthorus spp. parasitos de peixes da fam?lia Serrasalmidae, no per?odo entre Outubro de 2015 e Julho de 2016 foram realizados levantamentos parasitol?gicos de 11 esp?cies de serrasalm?deos, provenientes de 4 localidades: o Rio Miranda (Mato Grosso do Sul), o Rio Mogi Gua?u (S?o Paulo), o Alto Rio Paran? (Paran?) e o Rio Xingu (Par?). Os parasitos foram analisados morfologicamente, e algumas esp?cies foram sequenciadas geneticamente. Duas esp?cies novas de Anacanthorus foram encontradas e descritas, a primeira nas br?nquias de Serrasalmus maculatus, e a segunda nas br?nquias de Myloplus schomburgkii, ambas diferindo de seus congen?ricos principalmente pela morfologia do complexo copulador. Adicionalmente, novos registros de hospedeiro e geogr?ficos foram fornecidos, juntamente com novas sequ?ncias parciais do gene COI mtDNA de esp?cies de Anacanthorus. A posi??o filogen?tica de Anacanthorus spp. parasitas de peixes serrasalm?deos do Brasil foi investigada com base em novas sequ?ncias parciais do gene 28S de esp?cies de Anacanthorus e da esp?cie Mymarothecium viatorum, e sequ?ncias de monogen?ticos obtidas do GenBank. As an?lises suportam a monofilia dos anacantor?neos, e as rela??es filogen?ticas entre Anacanthorus spp. corresponderam ?s rela??es filogen?ticas entre as tr?s linhagens principais de Serrasalmidae. A hist?ria coevolutiva entre Anacanthorus spp. e seus hospedeiros serrasalm?deos tamb?m foi investigada a fim de elucidar o processo de especia??o das esp?cies de Anacanthorus desse sistema parasito-hospedeiro. A filogenia molecular dos serrasalm?deos estudados e de Anacanthorus spp. foi reconstru?da a partir de sequ?ncias parciais dos genes 16S e 28S, respectivamente. A an?lise baseada em dist?ncia rejeitou a hip?tese de coespecia??o global neste sistema parasito-hospedeiro. O m?todo baseado nas ?rvores revelou que a hist?ria evolutiva do sistema Anacanthorus-Serrasalmidae foi conduzida por m?ltiplos mecanismos de especia??o. Coespecia??o foi identificada, por?m, apenas a n?veis mais elevados, como linhagem de hospedeiros e g?nero.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2021-08-25T13:09:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Sara da Silva Co?lho Celestino.pdf: 1049672 bytes, checksum: 38ecf9cf8212464ffc4a4826cfa3eb92 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-25T13:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Sara da Silva Co?lho Celestino.pdf: 1049672 bytes, checksum: 38ecf9cf8212464ffc4a4826cfa3eb92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-13 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864, (Nematoda) family is that includes a large number of intestinal parasites, parasitizing freshwater, brackish and marine fishes or, rarely, aquatic turtles. This study goal to report and to characterize the morphology of two species of parasites of the genus Cucullanus M?ller, 1777 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) on two species of fish of the family Gerreidae Bleeker, 1859 (Perciformes) off the coast of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thus contributing with two new host reports for the genus Cucullanus, where for the first time Cucullanus bourdini Petter and Le Bel, 1992 is reported in the Atlantic Ocean in Eugerres brasilianus Cuvier, 1830. Cucullanus sp. found in Diapterus auratus Ranzani, 1842 as potential new species due to its non-similarity when compared to the Cucullanus from the Neotropical Region cited here. The specie Cucullanus bourdini show morphometric variation, It is smaller than those reported in the Pacific Ocean. Cucullanus sp. differs from the other neotropical Cucullanus mainly by the number and arrangement of caudal papillae. To date, there are not a study involving Cucullanus nematodes in the present species of fish in South America. A fam?lia Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864, (Nematoda) ? composta por um grande n?mero de parasitas intestinais que parasitam peixes de ?gua doce, salobre e marinha, al?m disso, tamb?m s?o encontrados algumas vezes em tartarugas marinhas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo registrar e caracterizar morfologicamente duas esp?cies de parasitos do g?nero Cucullanus M?ller, 1777 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) em duas esp?cies de peixes pertencentes a fam?lia Gerreidae Bleeker, 1859 (Perciformes) do litoral de Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Contribuindo assim, com dois novos registros de hospedeiros para o g?nero Cucullanus, onde pela primeira vez ? registrado Cucullanus bourdini Petter e Le Bel, 1992 no Oceano Atl?ntico em Eugerres brasilianus Cuvier, 1830. Tamb?m foi registrado Cucullanus sp. encontrado em Diapterus auratus Ranzani, 1842 como uma potencial esp?cie nova devido a sua n?o similaridade ao ser comparado aos Cucullanus da regi?o neotropical aqui citados. A esp?cie Cucullanus bourdini apresentou varia??o morfom?trica sendo menor dos que os j? registrados no Oceano Pac?fico. Cucullanus sp. se difere dos demais Cucullanus neotropicais principalmente pelo n?mero e arranjo de papilas caudais. At? o momento, n?o houve estudo que envolvesse nematoides Cucullanus nas presentes esp?cies de peixes na Am?rica do Sul

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-07-01T11:44:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Iris Aparecida Soares.pdf: 1562295 bytes, checksum: 4a2311c363f71dc0d0372689618ce398 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T11:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Iris Aparecida Soares.pdf: 1562295 bytes, checksum: 4a2311c363f71dc0d0372689618ce398 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq The global state of marine fisheries and its effects put the future of fisheries at risk, leading to the extinction of species and changes to the ecosystem regime threatening their overall integrity. Fish consumption has increased, thereby warming the market and fishing activities at sea, with a high incidence of endangered or exploited species. In order for an action to be managed efficiently and policies can be implemented for future sustainability, the stock needs to be correctly identified. This study emphasizes the value of different guilds of Pagrus pagrus parasites as indicators of zoogeographic regions in the identification of fish stocks, and evidence the scarcity of studies in Brazil with only one work of corvina, Micropogonias furnieri in the Brazilian coast with the use of parasite as a biological marker. Considering the heterogeneity of the Brazilian coast, Brazil presents a great potential for the use of the technique, as a tool for the greater knowledge of our fishing resources, generating policies of management and conservation of exploited and threatened species, more efficient O estado global da pesca marinha e seus efeitos colocam em risco o futuro da pesca levando a extin??o de esp?cies e mudan?as ao regime de ecossistemas amea?ando a sua integridade global. O consumo de pescado vem aumentado, aquecendo deste modo o mercado e as atividades pesqueiras no mar, com grande incid?ncia de esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o ou de explora??o. Para que uma a??o possa ser gerida de forma eficiente e pol?ticas possam ser implementadas para sustentabilidade futura, o estoque precisa ser identificado corretamente. Este estudo vem salientar o valor de diferentes guildas de parasitos de Pagrus pagrus como indicadores de regi?es zoogeogr?ficas na descrimina??o de estoques pesqueiros, e evidenciar a escassez de estudos no Brasil com apenas um trabalho de corvina, Micropogonias furnieri na costa brasileira com o uso de parasito como marcador biol?gico. Considerando a heterogeneidade do litoral brasileiro o Brasil apresenta um grande potencial para o uso da t?cnica, como ferramenta para o maior conhecimento de nossos recursos pesqueiros, gerando pol?ticas de manejo e conserva??o de esp?cies exploradas e amea?adas, mais eficientes