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El linfoma difuso de células grandes tipo B es el más común de los linfomas no Hodgkinianos (30-35%). Su curso clínico y pronóstico es variable, y depende de la gran heterogeneidad genética o subtipos, lo que sugiere una etiología muy variada (factores del huésped, infecciosos, etc). Más del 50% de los pacientes son mayores de 60 años, y constituye una enfermedad de rápido o muy rápido crecimiento con clínica que depende de la localización tumoral. Se presenta caso clínico de un paciente con inicio súbito de dolor abdominal y afectación neurológica en relación a nivel de compresión medular.

El cancer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) muestra un reciente y rapido incremento en su incidencia. Generalmente esta asociado a un buen pronostico de supervivencia (SV), pero las estadisticas de nuestro pais sugieren que se asocia a mayor letalidad que la usualmente reportada en la literatura. Esto puede deberse a un pobre acceso a los servicios de salud, pero tambien a tratamientos incorrectos o incompletos. La Sociedad Mexicana de Oncologia (SMeO), mediante el Grupo de Investigacion en Cancer de Cabeza y Cuello (GICC), ha practicado una busqueda bibliografica y analisis critico de la literatura relevante publicada en la ultima decada, que se ha asociado a reuniones para consensar conceptos y elaborar la presente guia de manejo del nodulo tiroideo (NT) y el CDT, buscando mejorar los estandares de manejo y, con ello, optimizar los resultados del tratamiento de los pacientes aquejados por esta interesante neoplasia

The use of anvils for foraging allows access to food that cannot be exploited otherwise by most birds or other animals. This may be especially important in habitats where food resources are scarce or fluctuate seasonally and where animals exploit novel and highly nutritional food resources that require unconventional foraging techniques to acquire energy. In dry woodlands of northern Argentina, the White-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes cactorum, secures seeds from a shrub species, Sarcotoxicum salicifolium, by wedging the seeds into crevices, holes, or forks within plant structures, where they peck the hard cover of the seeds to extract the embryo. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the anvil use by the White-fronted Woodpecker conforms to or differs from the anvil use by other woodpecker species. Specifically, we (1) described the behaviour of seed consumption mediated by using anvils in plant structures, and (2) analysed the use of anvils for seed consumption relative to seasonality and food availability in the dry Chaco of Argentina. The woodpecker matched the size of the seed to the anvil, and seeds were positioned mostly with a specific orientation pattern in structures of seven plant species, facilitating opening and extraction of the complete embryo. As in other anvil-using woodpecker species, this pattern of deliberate manipulation and orientation of seeds by the woodpeckers may imply spatial association of the seed and the site used as an anvil, a behaviour that could be cognitively more demanding than simply using an anvil. In contrast with other anvil-using woodpecker species, seed consumption mediated by anvil use was most important in summer (i.e. breeding season), when S. salicifolium seeds were more abundant but also when the availability of food resources was more diverse and abundant. The seed embryos are likely an important source of nutrients and more profitable than other less protected food resources for the White-fronted Woodpecker, particularly during the breeding season when energy demands increase.

espanolLa purpura trombocitopenica trombotica es un trastorno hematologico de origen inmunitario poco frecuente. La pentada clasica de presentacion de esta enfermedad son la anemia hemolitica microangiopatica, trombocitopenia, fiebre, deficit neurologicos fluctuantes y alteraciones renales no son constantes pudiendo presentarse en un 40% de los pacientes o a la vez tener una presentacion inicial leve dificultando su sospecha diagnostica. El caso clinico obedece a paciente femenina, con antecedentes de psoriasis, vitiligo y artritis psoriasica, acude a atencion medica por cuadro clinico de 9 dias de evolucion con cefalea holocraneana, dolor en hemiabdomen superior, malestar general, astenia, dolor en region lumbar, anorexia que posteriormente se asocia hematuria y episodio de melena, al examen fisico evidencia taquicardia, tendencia a la hipertension arterial, presencia de hematomas multiples en torax y abdomen con extension progresiva a extremidades que no desaparece a la digitopresion. Se diagnotica con Purpura Trombocitopenica Trombotica (PTT) dada la hemolisis, elevacion de los niveles de lactato deshidrogenasa, reduccion de haptoglobina serica y la presencia de esquistocitos sericos > 5 % con recuento de reticulocitos elevado en fsp. Se considera anemia microangiopatica que sumado a la trombocitopenia severa y los sintomas neurologicos se trata de una consecuencia de la enfermedad autoinmunitaria de base, cuyo diferencial entra Sindrome hemolitico uremico tipico y atipico descartandose por resultados de complemento en rangos normales y panel infeccioso negativo. La PTT representa un reto para su diagnostico debido a que su cuadro clinico no siempre debuta con la pentada clinica conocida, por lo que se hace mas dificil empezar su tratamiento oportunamente. Otro de los inconvenientes son los altos costos para los examenes de actividad de ADAMTS13 y deteccion de toxina Shiga dificultando concluir con el diagnostico. En concordancia con las investigaciones y procedimientos exitosos para los tratamientos de esta enfermedad sus indices de recuperacion son bajos, que para el caso clinico expuesto resulto en el fallecimiento de la paciente. La purpura trombocitopenica trombotica es un trastorno hematologico de origen inmunitario poco frecuente. La pentada clasica de presentacion de esta enfermedad son la anemia hemolitica microangiopatica, trombocitopenia, fiebre, deficit neurologicos fluctuantes y alteraciones renales no son constantes pudiendo presentarse en un 40% de los pacientes o a la vez tener una presentacion inicial leve dificultando su sospecha diagnostica. El caso clinico obedece a paciente femenina, con antecedentes de psoriasis, vitiligo y artritis psoriasica, acude a atencion medica por cuadro clinico de 9 dias de evolucion con cefalea holocraneana, dolor en hemiabdomen superior, malestar general, astenia, dolor en region lumbar, anorexia que posteriormente se asocia hematuria y episodio de melena, al examen fisico evidencia taquicardia, tendencia a la hipertension arterial, presencia de hematomas multiples en torax y abdomen con extension progresiva a extremidades que no desaparece a la digitopresion. Se diagnotica con Purpura Trombocitopenica Trombotica (PTT) dada la hemolisis, elevacion de los niveles de lactato deshidrogenasa, reduccion de haptoglobina serica y la presencia de esquistocitos sericos > 5 % con recuento de reticulocitos elevado en fsp. Se considera anemia microangiopatica que sumado a la trombocitopenia severa y los sintomas neurologicos se trata de una consecuencia de la enfermedad autoinmunitaria de base, cuyo diferencial entra Sindrome hemolitico uremico tipico y atipico descartandose por resultados de complemento en rangos normales y panel infeccioso negativo. La PTT representa un reto para su diagnostico debido a que su cuadro clinico no siempre debuta con la pentada clinica conocida, por lo que se hace mas dificil empezar su tratamiento oportunamente. Otro de los inconvenientes son los altos costos para los examenes de actividad de ADAMTS13 y deteccion de toxina Shiga dificultando concluir con el diagnostico. En concordancia con las investigaciones y procedimientos exitosos para los tratamientos de esta enfermedad sus indices de recuperacion son bajos, que para el caso clinico expuesto resulto en el fallecimiento de la paciente. EnglishThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare hematologic disorder of immune origin. The classic pentad of presenta-tion of this disease are microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, fluctuating neurological deficits and renal alterations are not constant and can present in 40% of patients or at the same time have a mild initial presentation making its diagnosis difficult. The clinical case is due to a female patient, with a history of psoriasis, vitiligo and psoriatic arthritis, attends medical attention due to a clinical picture of 9 days of evolution with holocranial headache, pain in the upper abdomen, general malaise, asthenia, pain in the lumbar region, anorexia that later hematuria and melena episode are associated, the physical examination shows tachycardia, a tendency to arterial hypertension, the presence of multiple hematomas in the chest and abdomen with progressive extension to the extremities that does not disappear on acupres-sure. It is diagnosed with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) due to hemolysis, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, reduction in serum haptoglobin and the presence of serum schistocytes> 5% with an elevated reticulocyte count in fsp. Microangiopathic anemia is considered which, added to severe thrombocytopenia and neurological symptoms, is a consequence of the underlying autoimmune disease, whose differential includes typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is ruled out by complement results in normal ranges and a negative infectious panel. TTP represents a challenge for its diagnosis because its clinical picture does not always begin with the known clinical pentad, which makes it more difficult to start its treatment in a timely manner. Another drawback is the high costs for the ADAMTS13 activity tests and the detection of Shiga toxin, making it difficult to conclude with the diagnosis. In accordance with the investigations and successful procedures for the treatments of this disease, its recovery rate is low, which for the exposed clinical case resulted in the death of the patient. portuguesA purpura trombocitopenica trombotica e uma doenca hematologica rara de origem imunologica. A pentade classica de apresentacao dessa doenca sao anemia hemolitica microangiopatica, trombocitopenia, febre, deficits neurologicos flu-tuantes e alteracoes renais nao constantes e podem se apresentar em 40% dos pacientes ou ao mesmo tempo ter uma apresentacao inicial leve dificultando seu diagnostico. O caso clinico se deve a uma paciente do sexo feminino, com histo-ria de psoriase, vitiligo e artrite psoriatica, que procura atendimento medico devido a quadro clinico de 9 dias de evolucao com cefaleia holocraniana, dores em abdomen superior, mal-estar geral, astenia, dores na regiao lombar, anorexia a que se associam posteriormente hematuria e episodio de melena, o exame fisico mostra taquicardia, tendencia a hipertensao arterial, presenca de multiplos hematomas em torax e abdome com extensao progressiva para as extremidades que nao desaparece com a acupressao. E diagnosticado com purpura trombocitopenica trombotica (PTT) devido a hemolise, ni-veis elevados de lactato desidrogenase, reducao da haptoglobina serica e presenca de esquistocitos sericos> 5% com contagem elevada de reticulocitos no fsp. Considera-se anemia microangiopatica que, somada a trombocitopenia grave e aos sintomas neurologicos, seja consequencia da doenca autoimune de base, cujo diferencial inclui a sindrome hemoli-tico-uremica tipica e atipica, afastada pelos resultados do complemento em faixas normais e quadro infeccioso negativo. A PTT representa um desafio para o seu diagnostico, pois nem sempre seu quadro clinico inicia com a pentade clinica conhecida, o que dificulta o inicio do tratamento em tempo habil. Outra desvantagem sao os altos custos dos testes de atividade ADAMTS13 e da deteccao da toxina Shiga, dificultando a conclusao do diagnostico. De acordo com as investi-gacoes e procedimentos bem-sucedidos para o tratamento dessa doenca, sua taxa de recuperacao e baixa, o que para o caso clinico exposto resultou no obito do paciente.

Background: Intestinal occlusion is the persistent arrest of intestinal transit, hinders movement towards distal sections. Adherence secondary to surgeries, the most frequent cause, collaborates in internal hernia formation in 4%. Need for surgical intervention is 6.4-10%. Case Report: Woman, 76 years old, 24 hours of evolution of generalized abdominal pain, due to crisis. Stopping 4-day and gas leak, 24 hours. Sigmoidostomy by CA of Sigmoid Colon. Physical examination: soft abdomen, depressant, diffuse pain, defense and pain in sudden decompression; RHA present. Increased soundness It presents neutrophilia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia. Urea, creatinine, BD, AST, TP, INR, high fibrinogen. Rx. of abdomen: hydroaryan levels. Ultrasound: Meteor. Simple TAC: obstruction of thin wings with multiple joints; in the transition zone. Diagnosis: Complete Intestinal Oclusion. Exploratory laparotomy consists of thin, violet coloration, multiple flanges and adhesions to the wall, epiplonic and interasas. They provide internal hernias with a 150-230 cm fitting of the fixed handle. Freezes and dissect adhesions and flanges with release of layered. Slim thin wings respond with better coloration and peristaltism. Discussion: 20% of cases of bowel occlusion caused by hernia, 1% of the total for internal hernia. Abdominal adhesions caused by 93% in postoperative cases, such as the picture. 95% of cases of flanges and adhesions are located in the small intestine, such as the presentation. Crisis type pain coincides as a symptomatology of the case. With compatible clinic, simple x-ray of abdomen and simple TAC (Gold Standard). Early surgery prevents intestinal strangulation, resulting in the restoration of the circulation and peristaltism of the wings.

In the Northern Hemisphere, several avian cavity excavators (e.g., woodpeckers) orient their cavities increasingly toward the equator as latitude increases (i.e. farther north), and it is proposed that they do so to take advantage of incident solar radiation at their nests. If latitude is a key driver of cavity orientations globally, this pattern should extend to the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we test the prediction that cavities are oriented increasingly northward at higher (i.e. colder) latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and describe the preferred entrance direction(s) of 1,501 cavities excavated by 25 avian species (n = 22 Picidae, 2 Trogonidae, 1 Furnariidae) across 12 terrestrial ecoregions (15°S to 55°S) in South America. We used Bayesian projected normal mixed-effects models for circular data to examine the influence of latitude, and potential confounding factors, on cavity orientation. Also, a probability model-selection procedure was used to simultaneously examine multiple orientation hypotheses in each ecoregion to explore underlying cavity-orientation patterns. Contrary to predictions, and patterns from the Northern Hemisphere, birds did not orient their cavities more toward the equator with increasing latitude, suggesting that latitude may not be an important underlying selective force shaping excavation behavior in South America. Moreover, unimodal cavity-entrance orientations were not frequent among the ecoregions analyzed (only in 4 ecoregions), whereas bimodal (in 5 ecoregions) or uniform (in 3 ecoregions) orientations were also present, although many of these patterns were not very clear. Our results highlight the need to include data from under-studied biotas and regions to improve inferences at macroecological scales. Furthermore, we suggest a re-analysis of Northern Hemisphere cavity orientation patterns using a multi-model approach, and a more comprehensive assessment of the role of environmental factors as drivers of cavity orientation at different spatial scales in both hemispheres.

In laryngeal cancer, multidisciplinary treatment improves the patient's quality of life and the possibility of preserving the larynx. Most cases occur in a locally advanced stage. The aim is to present the results according to the stage.A retrospective study which analyzed the clinical stage, type of primary treatment, outcomes, and survival were analyzed.451 patients were included. The median age was 66 years. The majority of the tumors presented in advanced stage (72%) and the most affected subsite was the glottis (84.5%). In the early stage the most frequent treatment was radiotherapy as the only treatment modality. In stages III and IVA, 65% were resectable. In stage IVB the management was non-surgical, with control in 26% of the cases. Survival at 10 years was related to the clinical stage: 81.7% for stage I and 0% for stages IVB and IVC.Patients with laryngeal cancer should be treated according to the clinical stage, through a multidisciplinary approach. Long-term follow-up showed a worse prognosis for advanced clinical stages.En cáncer de laringe, el tratamiento multidisciplinario mejora la calidad de vida del paciente y la posibilidad de preservar la laringe. La mayor parte de estos cánceres se presentan localmente avanzados. El objetivo es presentar los resultados de acuerdo con la etapa.Estudio retrospectivo en el que se analizaron la etapa clínica, el tipo de tratamiento primario, los resultados y la sobrevida.Se incluyeron 451 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 66 años. El mayor porcentaje de los tumores se presentó en etapa avanzada (72%) y el sitio más afectado fue la glotis (84.5%). En etapa temprana, el tratamiento más frecuente fue la radioterapia. En las etapas III y IVA, el 65% fueron operables. En la etapa IVB el manejo fue no quirúrgico, con control en el 26% de los casos. La supervivencias a 10 años se relacionaron con la etapa clínica: 81.7% para la etapa I y 0% para las etapas IVB y IVC.Los pacientes con cáncer de laringe deben ser tratados de acuerdo con la etapa clínica y mediante un abordaje multidisciplinario. El seguimiento a largo plazo demostró un peor pronóstico para las etapas clínicas avanzadas.

Background In laryngeal cancer, multidisciplinary treatment improves the patient's quality of life and the possibility of preserving the larynx. Most cases occur in a locally advanced stage. The aim is to present the results according to the stage. Method A retrospective study which analyzed the clinical stage, type of primary treatment, outcomes, and survival were analyzed. Results 451 patients were included. The median age was 66 years. The majority of the tumors presented in advanced stage (72%) and the most affected subsite was the glottis (84.5%). In the early stage the most frequent treatment was radiotherapy as the only treatment modality. In stages III and IVA, 65% were resectable. In stage IVB the management was non-surgical, with control in 26% of the cases. Survival at 10 years was related to the clinical stage: 81.7% for stage I and 0% for stages IVB and IVC. Conclusions Patients with laryngeal cancer should be treated according to the clinical stage, through a multidisciplinary approach. Long-term follow-up showed a worse prognosis for advanced clinical stages.

Disentangling the contributions of different processes that influence plant recruitment, such as competition and seed dispersal, is important given the increased human-mediated changes in tropical forest ecosystems. Previous studies have shown that seedling communities in an Afrotropical rainforest in southeastern Nigeria are strongly affected by the loss of important seed-dispersing primates, including Cross River gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes elioti) and drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus). Here we study how germination and survival of tree seedlings are affected by competition and reduced seed dispersal in three contiguous forest reserves, in southeastern Nigeria, with similar mature tree species composition and structure. We use an experimental design aimed at manipulating the effect of competition among seedlings in three protected and three hunted sites within the reserves. We use a total of sixty 5 × 5 m plots of three types: plots cleared of all seedlings, plots selectively cleared of all primate-dispersed seedlings and control plots. All seedlings were identified, measured, assigned to dispersal mode and tagged, and after 1 year we evaluated survival, mortality and new recruits. We found that in hunted sites germination of abiotically dispersed species was over four times higher in cleared plots compared to control plots, whereas germination of primate-dispersed species was the same, which indicated that dispersal limitation was the dominant force in seedling recruitment in hunted sites. This was supported by the fact that the germination of all dispersal modes in the selectively cleared plots in protected sites was similar to the control plots in the same sites, but germination of abiotically dispersed species was significantly lower than in cleared plots in hunted sites. Competition among seedlings was mostly evident from the fact that 75 % more seedlings of primate-dispersed species germinated in cleared compared to control plots in protected sites. We conclude that inter-seedling competition may be irrelevant to seedling recruitment in hunted sites, where dispersal limitation appears to be a much stronger force shaping the seedling plant community, and thus hunting indirectly reverses the importance of competition and dispersal limitation in structuring seedling communities., The dynamics in the seedling community in the forest understory play a central role in directing plant recruitment and the future composition and structure of the forest. In tropical forests large mammals have an important role as seed dispersers, but many of these mammals are threatened by human activities, including hunting. This experimental study in Nigerian rainforests reveals that hunting indirectly reverses the importance of inter-seedling competition and dispersal limitation. Thus, the loss of large mammals, such as apes and monkeys, is likely to change the future of the forests.

Patients with Gaucher type 1 (GD1) throughout Argentina were enrolled in the Argentine bone project to evaluate bone disease and its determinants. We focused on presence and predictors of bone lesions (BL) and their relationship to therapeutic goals (TG) with timing and dose of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A total of 124 patients on ERT were enrolled in a multi-center study. All six TG were achieved by 82% of patients: 70.1% for bone pain and 91.1% for bone crisis. However, despite the fact that bone TGs were achieved, residual bone disease was present in 108 patients on ERT (87%) at time 0. 16% of patients showed new irreversible BL (bone infarcts and avascular osteonecrosis) despite ERT, suggesting that they appeared during ERT or were not detected at the moment of diagnosis. We observed 5 prognostic factors that predicted a higher probability of being free of bone disease: optimal ERT compliance; early diagnosis; timely initiation of therapy; ERT initiation dose ≥45 UI/kg/EOW; and the absence of history of splenectomy. Skeletal involvement was classified into 4 major phenotypic groups according to BL: group 1 (12.9%) without BL; group 2 (28.2%) with reversible BL; group 3 (41.9%) with reversible BL and irreversible chronic BL; and group 4 (16.9%) with acute irreversible BL. Our study identifies prognostic factors for achieving best therapeutic outcomes, introduces new risk stratification for patients and suggests the need for a redefinition of bone TG. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E448-E453, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

One of the causes of nest failure in woodpeckers is competition for nest sites among cavity-nesting bird species, expressed through aggressive interactions. Here I report a case of mortal aggression by an adult White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum) toward nestlings of the White-barred Piculet (Picumnus cirratus), presumably caused by interference competition, in the dry Chaco woodlands of northwestern Argentina. The woodpecker killed 2 piculet nestlings but did not consume or remove them to feed its own nestlings. The attack could have been motivated by territorial defense, and to reduce competition for nest sites, since the piculet nest was within the territory of the woodpecker, and near its active nest and one of its most consumed sap trees. The observations described here provide new ethological information about the levels of aggression of the White-fronted Woodpecker, and suggests that interspecific competition likely could constitute one of the causes of nest failure among Neotropical woodpeckers.

In visually driven seed dispersal mutualisms, natural selection should promote plant strategies that maximize fruit visibility to dispersers. Plants might increase seed dispersal profitability by increasing conspicuousness of fruit display, understood as a plant strategy to maximize fruit detectability by seed dispersers. The role of different plant traits in fruit choice and consumption by seed dispersers has been broadly studied. However, there is no clear evidence about the importance of the traits that increase conspicuousness of fruit display. Because strategies to maximize conspicuousness of fruit display are diverse, and usually are expected to be costly, we would expect that individual plant species will produce an efficient combination of traits. We explored this prediction with 62 fleshy fruited plant species of a subtropical Andean forest (Southern Yungas), and using a large dataset of fruit consumption by birds (4476 records). Conspicuousness of fruit display was characterized by both fruit and plant traits including chromatic contrast, size, exposure, aggregation and crop size of fruits. We also considered phylogenetic effects on phenotypic variation. Fruit consumption was explained by fruit chromatic contrast depending on fruit crop size. These traits revealed low phylogenetic effects, with the exception of four plant clades at different levels in the phylogenetic tree. Negative correlations between pairs of traits support our assumption that fruit display traits are costly, suggesting natural selection favours parsimonious evolutionary pathways. Plant species seem to rely on conspicuousness of fruit display by a combination of traits that might minimize costs of fruit display. This appears adaptively relevant to improve communication with mutualistic animals, to increase fruit consumption in a community context and, ultimately, to enhance the profitability of seed dispersal. A lay summary is available for this article. Fil: Ordano, Mariano Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina Fil: Lomascolo, Silvia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina Fil: Chacoff, Natacha Paola. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina Fil: Sanchez, Mariano Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina Fil: Nuñez Montellano, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Jiménez, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina Fil: Ruggera, Román Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina Fil: Valoy, Mariana. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CD) has an impact on the evolution and prognosis in patients with COPD. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in severe COPD patients. Methods: We included patients with COPD evaluated for lung transplant (LT) at the Hospital Universitari Vall D´Hebron Barcelona Spain, from January 2015 to September 2016. All patients underwent echocardiogram, blood analysis, respiratory lung function tests, and cardiac catheterism (CC) as part of the LT protocol. Results: Ninety-two patients with COPD were evaluated for LT during that period. 60.9% were men with a mean age of 48.9 years (SD=29.9). Mean tobacco exposure was 50 pack-years (SD=21,7) and 8.7% were current smokers. 40 patients (43.5%) had a BODE index ≥ 7 points and 63% were on long-term oxygen therapy. 23 patients (25%) had arterial hypertension and 21 (22.8%) had dyslipidemia. Up to 10% had a previous diagnosis of a CD: 4 (4.4%) patients had arrhythmia, 2 (2.2%) heart failure and 3 (3.2%) ischemic heart disease. The echocardiogram showed right ventricle dilatation in 9 patients (10.2%), and 4 had a left ventricle ejection fraction Conclusions: In this selective population of young and severe COPD patients evaluated for LT, the most frequent CD was PH followed by right heart failure and there was a low incidence of ACD.

Woodpeckers feed primarily on insects, larvae and other arthropods; however, several members of this family include plant products in their diets, such as sap. Among them, the genera Sphyrapicus and Melanerpes include the most species that specialize in sap consumption. In semiarid forests of Argentina, sap is an important food item in the diet of the White-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes cactorum. The aim of this study is to investigate why White-fronted Woodpeckers only consume sap from certain plants while avoiding other available plants of the same species and explore seasonality of their plant selection. We expected that combinations of plant traits (i.e. sugars concentration of sap, sap flow intensity, plant size, plant health and plant microhabitat), rather than one particular trait, determine which tree they select for sap feeding in different seasons. We examined five plant species: Sarcotoxicum salicifolium, Prosopis ruscifolia, Ziziphus mistol, Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco and Stetsonia coryne that were used most frequently for sap consumption and were consumed in all seasons by ten groups of White-fronted Woodpecker in semiarid Chaco, Argentina. Plants selected by White-fronted Woodpeckers for sap consumption were mainly larger plants that yield high sugar concentration. Of the plant species we studied, individual plant selection in all seasons was more evident in those plant species that constitute an important part of their diet (i.e. Prosopis ruscifolia and Stetsonia coryne). The selection of plants offering a greater reward in sap quality strongly suggests that the White-fronted Woodpecker maximizes food energy intake as a response to the seasonality that characterizes semiarid climates of temperate regions and conditions of food resources availability. Our results show that large trees are selected as sap trees by White-fronted Woodpecker, therefore, we recommend activities that promote retention of large trees in Chaco region. Fil: Nuñez Montellano, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina

This study analyzes the Latino Pastoral Narrative as a productive attempt to humanize immigrant Latina/o workers in Kentucky, who are often criminalized in legislation and xenophobic discourses across the United States. Select contemporary cultural texts employ this discourse to make a case for the incorporation and acceptance of backstretch workers based on their dedication to horses and appreciation for nature in Kentucky, therefore situating Latina/o workers as vital to the horseracing industry. This analysis also addresses the limitations of this narrative in its assumptions about the types of labor naturally suited to Latinas/os in relation to racial, classed and gendered divisions of labor.

Hunting with firearms decimates primates of large and medium body size (> 2 kg) that disperse the seeds of large-seeded trees. In continuous, un-fragmented forests of southeastern Peru regularly hunted with firearms for 30-40 years, large primates are extirpated and medium-sized (medium) primates are reduced 61% compared with protected forests. At hunted sites seedlings and small juveniles (< 1 m height) of trees dispersed by primates heavier than 2 kg are reduced 46%, a loss of one species m(-2), and abiotically-dispersed plants are 284% more common, adding eight individuals m(-2), compared with protected forests. Here we provide evidence consistent with the long-held prediction that commercial hunting changes plant communities. We show that the composition of seedling and small juvenile tree communities that ultimately regenerate future forests differs markedly in forests hunted with firearms compared with protected forests. This opens the possibility of shifts in tree species composition, even in hunted forests that are not logged or fragmented, towards forests dominated by trees dispersed by wind or non-game animals. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In Neotropical forests, large fruit-eating primates play important ecological roles as dispersal agents of large seeds. Bushmeat hunting threatens to disrupt populations of primates and large-seeded trees. We test the hypothesis that otherwise intact Neotropical forests with depressed populations of large primates experience decline in recruitment of large-seeded trees. We quantify the proportion of small juveniles (> 0.5 m tall–1 cm diameter at breast height, DBH) of large primate-dispersed tree species found underneath heterospecifc trees that are also dispersed by large primates at two protected sites in Manu National Park and one hunte ds ite outside Manu N.P. in southeastern Peru. The forests are comparable in edaphic and climatic qualities, successional stage, and adult tree species composition. We found that hunting locally exterminates populations of large primates, and reduced primates of intermediate body size (hereafter “medium primates”) by 80 percent. Moreover, tree species richness was 55 percent lower and density of species dispersed by large and medium-bodied primates 60 percent lower in hunted than in protected sites. In addition, richness and density of abiotically dispersed species and plants dispersed by non-game animals are greater in hunted sites. Overhunting threatens to disrupt the ecological interactions between primates and the plants that rely on them for seed dispersal and recruitment. Sustainable wildlife management plans are urgently needed, because protected areas are at risk of becoming “island” parks if buffer zones become empty of animals and have impoverished flora.

We introduce a special section that addresses the bushmeat or wild meat crisis, its direct impact on game species, and its indirect impact on plants in tropical forests.

Diseño y construcción Edificios sustentables Normas

To assess ecological consequences of bushmeat hunting in African lowland rainforests, we compared paired sites, with high and low hunting pressure, in three areas of southeastern Nigeria. In hunted sites, populations of important seed dispersers—both small and large primates (including the Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli )—were drastically reduced. Large rodents were more abundant in hunted sites, even though they are hunted. Hunted and protected sites had similar mature tree communities dominated by primate-dispersed species. In protected sites, seedling communities were similar in composition to the mature trees, but in hunted sites species with other dispersal modes dominated among seedlings. Seedlings emerging 1 year after clearing of all vegetation in experimental plots showed a similar pattern to the standing seedlings. This study thus verifies the transforming effects of bushmeat hunting on plant communities of tropical forests and is one of the first studies to do so for the African continent.