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Brachytherapy can deliver high doses to the target while sparing healthy tissues due to its steep dose gradient leading to excellent clinical outcome. Treatment accuracy depends on several manual steps making brachytherapy susceptible to operational mistakes. Currently, treatment delivery verification is not routinely available and has led, in some cases, to systematic errors going unnoticed for years. The brachytherapy community promoted developments in in vivo dosimetry (IVD) through research groups and small companies. Although very few of the systems have been used clinically, it was demonstrated that the likelihood of detecting deviations from the treatment plan increases significantly with time-resolved methods. Time–resolved methods could interrupt a treatment avoiding gross errors which is not possible with time-integrated dosimetry. In addition, lower experimental uncertainties can be achieved by using source-tracking instead of direct dose measurements. However, the detector position in relation to the patient anatomy remains a main source of uncertainty. The next steps towards clinical implementation will require clinical trials and systematic reporting of errors and near-misses. It is of utmost importance for each IVD system that its sensitivity to different types of errors is well understood, so that end-users can select the most suitable method for their needs. This report aims to formulate requirements for the stakeholders (clinics, vendors, and researchers) to facilitate increased clinical use of IVD in brachytherapy. The report focuses on high dose-rate IVD in brachytherapy providing an overview and outlining the need for further development and research.

Abstract. neighboring countries. Recently, an increase in biological surveys and access to natural preserves has led to a better understanding of species distributions in Nicaragua and across Central America. Here, we provide new departmental records for three species of didelphid, 18 chiropterans (Phyllostomidae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae), one geomyid, and one mustelid from 21 sites across the country. This work underscores the need for additional sampling across Nicaragua to fill gaps in the known distribution of many species. This information can facilitate or inform conservation actions in established and proposed preserves in Nicaragua.

Background and purpose: In radiotherapy, the image quality of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is often degraded by artifacts resulting from breathing irregularities. Quality assurance mostly employ simplistic phantoms, not fully representing complexities and dynamics in patients. 3D-printing allows for design of highly customized phantoms. This study aims to validate the proof-of-concept of a realistic dynamic thorax phantom and its 4DCT application. Materials and methods: Using 3D-printing, a realistic thorax phantom was produced with tissue-equivalent materials for soft tissue, bone, and compressible lungs, including bronchi and tumors. Lung compression was facilitated by motors simulating customized breathing curves with an added platform for application of monitoring systems. The phantom contained three tumors which were assessed in terms of tumor motion amplitude. Three 4DCT sequences and repeated static images for different lung compression levels were acquired to evaluate the reproducibility. Moreover, more complex patient-specific breathing patterns with irregularities were simulated. Results: The phantom showed a reproducibility of ±0.2 mm and ±0.4 mm in all directions for static 3DCT images and 4DCT images, respectively. Furthermore, the tumor close to the diaphragm showed higher amplitudes in the inferior/superior direction (13.9 mm) than lesions higher in the lungs (8.1 mm) as observed in patients. The more complex breathing patterns demonstrated commonly seen 4DCT artifacts. Conclusion: This study developed a dynamic 3D-printed thorax phantom, which simulated customized breathing patterns. The phantom represented a realistic anatomy and 4DCT scanning of it could create realistic artifacts, making it beneficial for 4DCT quality assurance or protocol optimization.

Nicaragua is a biodiverse country, but documented herpetological specimens are underrepresented compared to neighboring countries. In 2018 we conducted a collaborative expedition between the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and Nicaraguan biologists. We visited sites in the Pacific Low‑ lands, Caribbean Lowlands, and the Central Highlands, representing the three major biogeographic regions of Nicaragua. We collected specimens of 100 species from a total of 106 encountered. We provide acces‑ sion numbers and morphological, genetic, and ecological information for these specimens. We recorded 23 new departmental records and the first country record of Metlapilcoatlus indomitus (Smith & Ferrari‑Castro, 2008), filling gaps in the known distribution of the species within Nicaragua and across Central America. When available for each species, we provide range maps and comparative genetic trees including conspecific reference sequences from the region, making this work a significant addition to existing checklists of the herpetofauna in Nicaragua.

The use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has become widespread in the examination of dental tissue due to its great precision in small-scale work. Its usefulness in measuring tissue mineral density has been demonstrated; however, it is necessary to develop image acquisition protocols that ensure the reproducibility of observations and offer a detailed step-by-step process. This study proposes a standardised protocol to quantify mineral density using volumetric measurements from micro-CT images, evaluating the reproducibility of density measurements at different points of enamel and dentine. The sample comprised 30 bovine incisors that were scanned using a micro-CT system. Using the MIMICS software v.26, seven reference points in enamel and dentine (crown, cervix, and root) were identified, and mineral density was calculated by using Hounsfield units. The reproducibility of the measurements among the three observers was assessed by calculating Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). There was substantial to almost perfect correlation for the enamel (CCC = 0.986–0.995) and dentine (CCC = 0.965–0.997), with the latter showing better results for the cervix (CCC = 0.987–0.997) and crown (CCC = 0.987–0.995) compared with the root (CCC = 0.965–0.985). In the lingual area, the concordance results were broader (CCC = 0.965–0.997) compared with the buccal area (CCC = 0.979–0.995). Despite this difference, the proposed volumetric measurements reached a high level of agreement, which demonstrates the replicability of the present protocol.

Background and purpose: Dose calculation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images has been less accurate than on computed tomography (CT) images due to lower image quality and discrepancies in CT numbers for CBCT. As increasing interest arises in offline and online re-planning, dose calculation accuracy was evaluated for a novel CBCT imager integrated into a ring gantry treatment machine. Materials and methods: The new CBCT system allowed fast image acquisition (5.9 s) by using new hardware, including a large-size flat panel detector, and incorporated image-processing algorithms with iterative reconstruction techniques, leading to accurate CT numbers allowing dose calculation. In this study, CBCT- and CT-based dose calculations were compared based on three anthropomorphic phantoms, after CBCT-to-mass-density calibration was performed. Six plans were created on the CT scans covering various target locations and complexities, followed by CBCT to CT registrations, copying of contours, and re-calculation of the plans on the CBCT scans. Dose-volume histogram metrics for target volumes and organs-at-risk (OARs) were evaluated, and global gamma analyses were performed. Results: Target coverage differences were consistently below 1.2 %, demonstrating the agreement between CT and re-calculated CBCT dose distributions. Differences in Dmean for OARs were below 0.5 Gy for all plans, except for three OARs, which were below 0.8 Gy ( 97 %. Conclusions: This study demonstrated comparable results between dose calculations performed on CBCT and CT acquisitions. The new CBCT system with enhanced image quality and CT number accuracy opens possibilities for off-line and on-line re-planning.

External beam radiotherapy with photon beams is a highly accurate treatment modality, but requires extensive quality assurance programs to confirm that radiation therapy will be or was administered appropriately. In vivo dosimetry (IVD) is an essential element of modern radiation therapy because it provides the ability to catch treatment delivery errors, assist in treatment adaptation, and record the actual dose delivered to the patient. However, for various reasons, its clinical implementation has been slow and limited. The purpose of this report is to stimulate the wider use of IVD for external beam radiotherapy, and in particular of systems using electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs). After documenting the current IVD methods, this report provides detailed software, hardware and system requirements for in vivo EPID dosimetry systems in order to help in bridging the current vendor-user gap. The report also outlines directions for further development and research. In vivo EPID dosimetry vendors, in collaboration with users across multiple institutions, are requested to improve the understanding and reduce the uncertainties of the system and to help in the determination of optimal action limits for error detection. Finally, the report recommends that automation of all aspects of IVD is needed to help facilitate clinical adoption, including automation of image acquisition, analysis, result interpretation, and reporting/documentation. With the guidance of this report, it is hoped that widespread clinical use of IVD will be significantly accelerated.

The development of protocols to prevent perioperative Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and the introduction of increasingly potent antithrombotic drugs have resulted in concerns of increased risk of neuraxial bleeding. Since the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology 2014 guideline, new oral anticoagulant drugs were approved by international regulating agencies, and by ANVISA. Societies and organizations that try to approach concerns through guidelines have presented conflicting perioperative management recommendations. As a response to these issues and to the need for a more rational approach, managements were updated in the present narrative review, and guideline statements made. They were projected to encourage safe and quality patient care, but cannot assure specific results. Like any clinical guide recommendation, they are subject to review as knowledge grows, on specific complications, for example. The objective was to assess safety aspects of regional analgesia and anesthesia in patients using antithrombotic drugs, such as: possible technique-associated complications; spinal hematoma-associated risk factors, prevention strategies, diagnosis and treatment; safe interval for discontinuing and reinitiating medication after regional blockade. Resumo: Os padrões evolutivos para a prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso perioperatório e a introdução de medicações antitrombóticas cada vez mais potentes resultaram em preocupações com o aumento do risco de sangramento neuroaxial. Após o consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia em 2014, novos medicamentos anticoagulantes orais foram aprovados pelas instituições reguladoras internacionais, assim como pela ANVISA. As sociedades que buscam abordar o manejo perioperatório desses fármacos apresentam recomendações conflitantes. Em resposta a essas questões e à necessidade de uma abordagem mais racional, as condutas foram atualizadas nesta revisão narrativa, e foram feitas novas recomendações, projetadas para encorajar a assistência ao paciente de forma segura e de qualidade, mas não podem garantir um resultado específico. Tal como acontece com qualquer recomendação de orientação clínica, estas estão sujeitas a revisão com o conhecimento de avanços específicos de complicações. O objetivo foi avaliar aspectos da segurança em anestesia e analgesia regional em pacientes em uso de medicações antitrombóticas, tais como: possíveis complicações decorrentes da técnica; fatores de risco associados ao hematoma espinhal, estratégias de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento; intervalo seguro para suspensão e reinício da medicação após o bloqueio regional.

Abstract Purpose To compare treatment plans for interstitial high dose rate (HDR) liver brachytherapy with 192Ir calculated according to current-standard TG-43U1 protocol with model-based dose calculation following TG-186 protocol. Methods We retrospectively evaluated dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters for liver, organs at risk (OARs) and clinical target volumes (CTVs) of 20 patient cases diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Dose calculations on a homogeneous water geometry (TG-43U1 surrogate) and on a computed tomography (CT) based geometry (TG-186) were performed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The CTs were segmented based on a combination of assigning TG-186 recommended tissues to fixed Hounsfield Unit (HU) ranges and using organ contours delineated by physicians. For the liver, V 5Gy and V 10Gy were analysed, and for OARs the dose to 1 cubic centimeter (D 1cc). Target coverage was assessed by calculating V 150, V 100, V 95 and V 90 as well as D 95 and D 90. For every DVH parameter, median, minimum and maximum values of the deviations of TG-186 from TG-43U1 were analysed. Results TG-186-calculated dose was found to be on average lower than dose calculated with TG-43U1. The deviation of highest magnitude for liver parameters was -6.2% of the total liver volume. For OARs, the deviations were all smaller than or equal to -0.5 Gy. Target coverage deviations were as high as -1.5% of the total CTV volume and -3.5% of the prescribed dose. Conclusions In this study we found that TG-43U1 overestimates dose to liver tissue compared to TG-186. This finding may be of clinical importance for cases where dose to the whole liver is the limiting factor.

La Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico (CBCT) representa una promisoria herramienta para la clínica odontológica. En Endodoncia, CBCT ofrece tridimensionalidad y resolución imagenológica, potenciando el diagnóstico de diferentes condiciones patológicas. Sin embargo, su limitación por sobreexposición a radiación, ha llevado a directrices que recomiendan cautela para su indicación. Se presenta un caso infrecuente de un molar mandibular con una sola raíz y canal, y las circunstancias de uso de CBCT. Mujer de 48 años es derivada para endodoncia del primer molar mandibular izquierdo permanente. El examen radiográfico preoperatorio demostró el hallazgo inusual de un canal centrado en una única raíz. Con la información apropiada y el consentimiento de la paciente, la indicación de CBCT favoreció su diagnóstico y tratamiento. CBCT no debería ser utilizada rutinariamente para estos fines, pero podría justificarse en casos "fronterizos". Se discuten su indicación e implementación clínica, siguiendo actuales recomendaciones y directrices.

La odontología forense (OF) es reconocida como uno de los métodos primarios para identificación forense. Aunque los dientes son estructuras resistentes a altas temperaturas, condiciones particulares pueden fragilizarlos considerablemente. Los implantes dentales (IDs), de gran empleo en la rehabilitación bucodental actual, son fabricados en materiales aloplásticos con base en titanio, de alta resistencia térmica. Se presenta una revisión con búsqueda sistemática para establecer el potencial uso de IDs en identificación forense. Se identificaron 10 artículos con una importante presencia de investigadores australianos y modelos de identificación apoyados no solo en el cotejo de imágenes, sino también en el uso de software específico o incluso en la implementación de números de serie asegurando su trazabilidad. Si bien la identificación mediante IDs se ha propuesto como una alternativa promisoria, las realidades locales y la relación con las empresas fabricantes han condicionado de manera heterogénea estas posibilidades en OF.

The spectral bat (Vampyrum spectrum), the largest bat species in the Americas, is considered Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is listed as a species of special concern or endangered in several countries throughout its range. Although the species is known as carnivorous, data on basic ecology, including habitat selection and primary diet items, are limited owing to its relative rarity and difficulty in capturing the species. Leveraging advances in DNA metabarcoding and using radio-telemetry, we present novel information on the diet and movement of V. spectrum based on locations of a radio-collared individual and fecal samples collected from its communal roost (three individuals) in the Lowland Dry Forest of southern Nicaragua. Using a non-invasive approach, we explored the diet of the species with genetic markers designed to capture a range of arthropods and vertebrate targets from fecal samples. We identified 27 species of vertebrate prey which included birds, rodents, and other bat species. Our evidence suggested that V. spectrum can forage on a variety of species, from those associated with mature forests to forest edge-dwellers. Characteristics of the roost and our telemetry data underscore the importance of large trees for roosting in mature forest patches for the species. These data can inform conservation efforts for preserving both the habitat and the prey items in remnants of mature forest required by Vampyrum spectrum to survive in landscape mosaics.

Skeletal remains analyzed by anthropologists, paleontologists and forensic scientists are usually found fragmented or incomplete. Accurate estimations of the original morphologies are a challenge for which several digital reconstruction methods have been proposed. In this study, the accuracy of reconstructing bones based on multiple linear regression (RM) was tested. A total of 150 digital models from complete zygomatics from recent past populations (European and African American) were studied using high-density geometric morphometrics. Some landmarks (i.e., 2, 3 and 6) were coded as missing to simulate incomplete zygomatics and the missing landmarks were estimated with RM. In the zygomatics, this simulated damage affects a few square centimeters or less. Finally, the predicted and original shape data were compared. The results indicate that the predicted landmark coordinates were significantly different from the original ones, although this difference was less than the difference between the original zygomatic and the mean zygomatic in the sample. The performance of the method was affected by the location and the number of missing landmarks, with decreasing accuracy with increasing damaged area. We conclude that RM can accurately estimate the original appearance of the zygomatics when the damage is small.

Abstract Background A combination of resistance training and whey protein supplementation is a common practice among athletes and recreational exercisers to enhance muscle growth and strength. Although their safety as food additives is controversial, artificial sweeteners are present in whey protein supplements. Thus, natural sweeteners extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana are a potential alternative, due to their safety and health benefits. Here, we investigated the effects of whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana on physical performance and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: sedentary rats, trained rats, trained rats receiving whey protein and trained rats receiving whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana leaf extracts. Resistance training was performed by climbing a ladder 5 days per week, during 8-weeks. The training sessions consisted of four climbs carrying a load of 50, 75, 90, and 100% of the maximum load-carrying capacity which we determined before by performing a maximum load-carrying test for each animal. After this period, we collected plasma and tissues samples to evaluate biochemical, histological and molecular (western blot) parameters in these rats. Results Dietary supplementation with whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana significantly enhanced the maximum load-carrying capacity of resistance-trained rats, compared with non-sweetened whey protein supplementation. This enhanced physical performance was accompanied by an increase in the weight of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle pads. Although the muscle pad of the biceps brachii was not altered, we observed a significant increase in PGC-1α expression, which was followed by a similar pattern in TFAM protein expression, two important mitochondrial biogenesis markers. In addition, a higher level of AMPK phosphorylation was observed in these resistance-trained rats. Finally, supplementation with whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana also induced a significant decrease in retroperitoneal adipocyte diameter and an increase in the weight of brown adipose tissue pads in resistance-trained rats. Conclusion The addition of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts to whey protein appears to be a potential strategy for those who want to increase muscular mass and strength and also improve mitochondrial function. This strategy may be useful for both athletes and patients with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

We report on the first definite record of the False Tree Coral Snake, Rhinobothryum bovallii (Andersson, 1916), from Nicaragua based on one specimen from the Refugio Bartola, department of Río San Juan, southeastern Nicaragua. The newly found specimen narrows a 510 km distributional gap between occurrences from near the Honduran–Nicaraguan border and the nearest occurrence in Costa Rica.

We report on the first capture and photographs of the Northern Ghost Bat, Diclidurus albus Wied-Neuwied, 1820, from Nicaragua, based on one individual from the Reserva Silvestre Privada Refugio Bartola, department of Río San Juan, southeastern Nicaragua. We provide basic morphological measurements of the individual as well as a distribution map of previous visual sightings and acoustic recordings of this species from Nicaragua.

This article deals with the relation between economic resources and public offices. Our analysis is based on the 30 most wealthy federal congressmen elected for the 55th legislative period (2015-2019) of the Brazilian House of Representatives. The main aim of this study is to analyze the social bases of these fortunes and their relation with elective offices. It reveals that the possession of economic resources has come to be associated with the social positions the congressmen had before they entered politics, like their family origin and professional career, both of which are strongly linked to business activities. These resources then influence the way they enter politics and their careers as congressmen, which is especially characterized by the financing of their own campaigns, in this case for the 2014 elections.

The Rufous Tree Rat Diplomys labilis is distributed from southwestern Costa Rica to northern Ecuador. We report the first 2 records of this species from southern Nicaragua, extending the known geographical distribution for the species about 280 km northward from its nearest known locality, in Costa Rica. We provide photos of both Nicaraguan individuals, which were observed almost a year apart in the same locality, the Refugio Bartola Private Reserve, Río San Juan Department.

Abstract Background Test bites have been recommended for collecting evidence of suspected dentition in bite mark analysis. However, these recommendations only suggest recording the interocclusal relationship without establishing number of records or characteristics to obtain proper records. This fails to consider not only the possibility that the recording material did not respond properly, but also that the evaluator has not detected simulations, habits or parafunctions that may affect the tests. Methods This research establishes differences between three wax test bites taken from the same subjects to determine if the first bite offered the best quality. Results No significant statistical association was found between the number of test bites recorded and respective quality. The interrater agreement produced almost perfect and substantial agreements. Conclusion There is no significant evidence that a first and only test bite is the highest quality test bite. Therefore, it is recommended to take more than a single bite test in controlled situations.

Depredation by the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) is currently thought to be a problem in some areas of Spain. However, there are few technically validated forensic tools available to determine the veracity of claims with a high degree of scientific confidence, which is important given that such attacks may lead to compensation. The analysis of bite marks on attacked animals could provide scientific evidence to help identify the offender. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the morphological and morphometric characteristics of Iberian wolf dentition. This data collection would serve as a base-point for a more accurate identification of the wolves thorough their bite marks. For the first time, 36 dental variables have been studied in wolves’ skulls, employing univariate and multivariate analyses. The general morphological dental characteristics of wolves are very similar in terms of their dental formula and tooth structure to other canids, like domestic dogs. Sex differentiation was evident, principally in terms of the maxillary distance between the palatal surfaces of the canine teeth (UbC) and the width of the left mandibular canine teeth (LlCWd). New morphometric reference information was obtained that can aid the forensic identification of bite marks caused by the Iberian wolf with greater confidence.

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) are at the core of numerous scientific and technological applications. However, CSPs belong to the NP-complete complexity class, for which the existence (or not) of efficient algorithms remains a major unsolved question in computational complexity theory. In the face of this fundamental difficulty heuristics and approximation methods are used to approach instances of NP (e.g., decision and hard optimization problems). The human brain efficiently handles CSPs both in perception and behavior using spiking neural networks (SNNs), and recent studies have demonstrated that the noise embedded within an SNN can be used as a computational resource to solve CSPs. Here, we provide a software framework for the implementation of such noisy neural solvers on the SpiNNaker massively parallel neuromorphic hardware, further demonstrating their potential to implement a stochastic search that solves instances of P and NP problems expressed as CSPs. This facilitates the exploration of new optimization strategies and the understanding of the computational abilities of SNNs. We demonstrate the basic principles of the framework by solving difficult instances of the Sudoku puzzle and of the map color problem, and explore its application to spin glasses. The solver works as a stochastic dynamical system, which is attracted by the configuration that solves the CSP. The noise allows an optimal exploration of the space of configurations, looking for the satisfiability of all the constraints; if applied discontinuously, it can also force the system to leap to a new random configuration effectively causing a restart.

Se realizó un estudio de primeros principios de las propiedades estructurales, electrónicas y ópticas del SrO en la fase cristalina Fm-3m por medio de la teoría de densidad funcional ( DFT), utilizando el método de ondas planas aumentadas y linealizadas de potencial completo (FP-LAPW) junto con la aproximación de gradiente generalizado (GGA) para la energía de intercambio y correlación. Los parámetros estructurales optimizados se encuentran en gran acuerdo con los datos experimentales, constante de red a=9,826 Bohr, energía de cohesión E0 =-0,764 Ry, modulo de volumen B = 83 GPa y su derivada con la presión B’ = 4,71. Los cálculos de estructura electrónica revelan una brecha indirecta de 3,392 eV entre las direcciones y X en la zona de Brillouin, finalmente se obtuvo la absorción, constante dieléctrica e índice de refracción en función de la energía, por medio de la aproximación de fase aleatoria.

Se reportan cálculos de primeros principios de las propiedades electrónicas del MnO 2 , el cual posee propiedades magnéticas debido a su configuración electrónica , por lo cual es apto para diversas aplicaciones a nivel tecnológico e industrial. Se calculan las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas en su fase P4(2)/mnm, usando el formalismo de la Teoría de la Funcional de la Densidad (DFT) con la aproximación LDA+U para tratar los efectos de la correlación fuerte y el método de ondas planas aumentadas y linealizadas (FP - LAPW), el cual se implementa en el software Wien2k . L os parámetros estructurales enco ntrados son: la constante de red ), la energía de cohesión Además, se realizó un estudio detallado de las propiedades electrónicas por medio de la densidad de estados (DOS) para obtener las características conductoras del material encontrando que este posee propiedades distintas de espín indicando que el material se comporta como de tipo Hall Metall .

Se han realizado cálculos de primeros principios para de terminar las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas del estroncio en sus fases de cristalización Im-3m y Fm-3m dentro del formalismo de la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad (DFT). Esto se hizo a partir del método de ondas planas aumentadas y linealizadas en la versión de potencial completo (FP-LAPW) con la aproximación de gradiente generalizado (GGA). Se encontró que la configuración más estable es la Fm-3m , con una constante de red a 0 = 11,38 bohr , energía de cohesión E o = - 0,107 Ry y módulo de volumen B 0 = 113 GPa . A partir de la densidad de esta dos y la estructura de bandas de energía se evidenció el carácter metálico de este elemento para ambas estructuras cristalinas. Se predice una posible transición de fase estructural de la Fm-3m a la Im-3m bajo una presión de 178 GPa .

INTRODUCCIÓN: por muchos años, los estudios antropológicos de muestras contemporáneas de subadultos han sugerido poco dimorfismo sexual expresado en los patrones morfológicos convencionales. El objetivo fue evaluar el dimorfismo sexual en una muestra de subadultos de la población de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, usando dimensiones de la dentición decidua. MÉTODOS: este artículo describe el dimorfismo dental en una muestra de 98 subadultos con dentición temporal provenientes de la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se tomaron las medidas mesiodistal y bucolingual de la dentición temporal y los datos arrojados se procesaron con el índice Weighted Boundary (WB) y análisis discriminante stepwise. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: se propone una técnica alternativa de determinación de sexo usando dentición temporal. Se seleccionaron nueve variables que expresaron diferencias altamente significativas; entre ellas la BL UM1 predice correctamente el sexo masculino en el 90,9% y el femenino en un 93,7% de los casos.INTRODUCTION: for many years, anthropological studies of sub-adult contemporary samples suggest that a low sex dimorphism expressed in morphology patterns exist. The objective was to evaluate the sex dimorphism in a sample of sub adults from Cordoba City, Argentina using dental dimensions in deciduous teeth. METHODS: this article describes the dental dimorphism in a sample of 98 sub-adults with deciduous dentition from Córdoba City, Argentina. Mesial -distal and buccal-lingual diameters of the deciduous dentition were taken and the data was analyzed with Weighted Boundary (WB) index and multivariate discriminate stepwise analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: an alternative technique for gender determination using the deciduous dentition is proposed. Nine variables that expressed highly significant differences were selected, among them, BL UM1 correctly predicting male gender in 90.9% and female gender in 93.7% of the cases.

Esta obra no qual resenho é parte integrante de um conjunto de autores que lançaram mão de compreender a Comuna de Paris sob um prisma libertário (teórico e metodologicamente). Organizado pelo sociólogo Nildo Viana, Escritos Revolucionários Sobre a Comuna de Paris conta com textos clássicos e inéditos de vários períodos históricos distintos que analisam a primeira experiência autogestionária da história de forma distinta da historiografia dominante. Ainda, a obra une aos temas de maneira transversal: uma experiência dos trabalhadores para além do Estado e do capital.

IoT systems incorporating low-cost air quality sensors (LCS) have emerged as valuable tools for empowering citizens to take action to improve indoor air quality (IAQ). This work aimed to assess the effectiveness of a newly developed IoT system in promoting behavioural changes and improving IAQ in 84 homes of families with children. To accomplish this aim, a modular IoT architecture using calibrated LCS was developed to collect real-time data on CO 2 , temperature, relative humidity and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) during a randomised cross-over trial (November 16, 2022–January 24, 2023). The intervention under study consisted of providing access to real-time IAQ data to participants and alerting them via a smartphone app when CO 2 , PM 2.5 , and/or PM 10 concentrations were higher than the recommended limits. The findings showed that LCS readings were strongly correlated with those obtained from reference equipment. Nevertheless, long-term assessments revealed a signal degradation effect for the readings obtained from the LCS PM sensor. The comparison of IAQ data from control and intervention periods showed a significant alleviation of CO 2 concentrations (mean reduction of 10.3 % in 52 out of 84 participant homes). Notably, about 70 % of participants recognized that data presented through the app motivated them to take valuable actions to enhance IAQ. Overall, this study constitutes a step forward to provide valuable field evidence on the strengths and limitations of using IoT systems based on LCS to empower citizens on the factors that may influence exposure to air pollution at home. • An LCS-based IoT system was deployed in 84 homes for monitoring CO 2 and PM levels. • Families had access to the real-time IAQ data through a smartphone app. • Lower CO 2 levels were observed for the period in which users had access to IAQ data. • Participants recognized that have gained a better understanding on IAQ determinants. • LCS aging and calibration needs are major concerns for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathology pertains to the study of a disease; from ancient times it has sought to explain the cause of death through postmortem examination. The advancement of science and technology has led to a greater definition of roles and has favored its development through different subspecialties among which we stands out forensic pathology. This discipline has its own characteristics, scope, case series, procedures and terminology. Likewise, although forensic pathology does not differ substantially from clinical pathology, significant differences can be found between the Anglo American approach and the Latin American approach. Beyond semantics of these alleged differences, the article reviews the concepts involved and discusses the scope and requirements needed to qualify experts, in the understanding that globalizing criteria should establish new paradigms and define the specific roles of the specialty.