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Many pharmaceuticals (PhMs), compounds for the treatment or prevention of diseases in humans and animals, have been identified as pollutants of emerging concern (PECs) due to their wide environmental distribution and potential adverse impact on nontarget organisms and populations. They are often found at significant levels in soils due to the continuous release of effluent and sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the release of which occurs much faster than the removal of PhMs. Although they are generally present at low environmental concentrations, conventional wastewater treatment cannot successfully remove PhMs from influent streams or biosolids. In addition, the soil application of animal manure can result in the pollution of soil, surface water, and groundwater with PhMs through surface runoff and leaching. In arid and semiarid regions, irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and the soil application of biosolids are usual agricultural practices, resulting in the distribution of a wide number of PhMs in agricultural soils. The ability to accurately study the fate of PhMs in soils is critical for careful risk evaluation associated with wastewater reuse or biosolid return to the environment. The behavior and fate of PhMs in soils are determined by a number of processes, including adsorption/desorption (accumulation) to soil colloids, biotic (biodegradation) and abiotic (chemical and photochemical degradation) degradation, and transfer (movement) through the soil profile. The sorption/desorption of PhMs in soils is the main determinant of the amount of organic chemicals taken up by plant roots. The magnitude of this process depends on several factors, such as crop type, the physicochemical properties of the compound, environmental properties, and soil–plant characteristics. PhMs are assumed to be readily bioavailable in soil solutions for uptake by plants, and such solutions act as carriers to transport PhMs into plants. Determining microbial responses under exposure conditions can assist in elucidating the impact of PhMs on soil microbial activity and community size. For all of the above reasons, soil remediation is critical when soil pollutants threaten the environment.

Building-Integrated Greenery systems, i.e., green roofs, walls, and facades, are Nature-based Solutions that make possible the renaturing of cities when there is no room for traditional greenery solutions. These green systems provide several ecosystem services at both the building and city level, such as urban heat island effect mitigation and noise reduction, support for biodiversity, runoff control, thermal and acoustic insulation, etc. However, once implemented in real cases, their impact is almost never evaluated. This fact limits the possibility of carrying out cost-benefit analyses that contribute to justifying their long-term maintenance, thus putting at risk their long-term sustainability and consequently the provision of benefits. Unlike existing approaches, the method presented here offers a comprehensive and practical tool that addresses the gap in BIG systems’ impact evaluation, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting the long-term sustainability of BIG systems. • In its design, the current references at European and global level for building-integrated systems impact assessment has been considered. • It is easily replicable in any real project and enables the collaboration of involved stakeholders. • The method is unprecedented and allows a holistic assessment of the impact of BIG in real cases, in terms of ecosystem services provided.

Reusing reclaimed water for crop irrigation can mitigate water scarcity in agriculture; however, contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides in wastewater pose risks. This study investigated the impact of a coupled bio-solar photocatalytic treatment on the reclamation of water polluted with seven pharmaceuticals and seven pesticides for irrigation of two tomato crop cycles. Pollutant residues were removed using natural sunlight and TiO2/Na2S2O8 in a pilot plant located in Murcia, Spain. Efficient removal (> 96 %) of all target pollutants was achieved in the effluent after coupled treatment. Reclaimed water was then used to irrigate the tomato crops, and several yield and quality parameters were analysed to evaluate the effects on the harvested tomatoes. No significant differences were observed in the total yield, number and mean fruit weight, size, pericarp firmness, external colour, and nutritional data between the crops irrigated with reclaimed, control, and polluted water. However, differences in the degree of ripeness were observed. None of the investigated pollutants was detected above the limit of quantification in tomato samples irrigated with reclaimed water, except for venlafaxine (0.028 µg kg−1) in the second crop cycle. When the crop was irrigated with polluted water, different pollutant residues were detected in soil (10) and tomato (4) samples. The results suggest that coupled bio-solar photocatalytic treatment is an effective method for reclaiming water polluted with pharmaceutical and pesticide residues, and the reclaimed water can be safely used for tomato irrigation without compromising crop yield and quality.

Abnormal placental invasion is a condition related to multiple conditions including previous elective cesarean delivery and its increased frequency. For the obstetrician, it is also increasingly common to face this clinical entity, which has a high morbidity due to organ injury both directly and indirectly during the surgical procedure and not being attended by a highly qualified medical staff. In this paper, we focussed mainly on the surgical approach and its multidisciplinary management and a clinical case on placental percretism attended at the HMPMPS using a complementary diagnostic method (CT angiography) to plan the vascular approach during surgery.

Building rating systems allow for the evaluation of environmental buildings’ impact throughout their lifecycle, thereby enabling improved design. The integration of vegetation into building envelopes, through green roofs and facades, provides multiple benefits that enhance the sustainability of a built environment. In arid climates, Building-Integrated Greenery Systems (BIGSs) contribute to energy savings and the improvement of the urban environment through evaporative cooling. However, the maintenance of these green systems requires efficient water use. This study thoroughly reviews six selected building sustainability certifications to determine the extent to which BIGSs are considered in the certification process. The findings indicate that BIGSs are not yet well integrated directly into these certifications. While the certifications recognize the biophilic effects on users and contributions to sustainable construction, they often overlook scientifically proven benefits such as acoustic insulation and urban noise reduction. This study highlights the importance of updating certification frameworks to fully incorporate the diverse advantages of BIGSs, especially in enhancing indoor environments and achieving energy savings.

In this study, a critical review was carried out using the Web of ScienceTM Core Collection database to analyse the scientific literature published to date to identify lines of research and future perspectives on the presence of chemical pollutants in beer brewing. Beer is one of the world’s most popular drinks and the most consumed alcoholic beverage. However, a widespread challenge with potential implications for human and animal health is the presence of physical, chemical, and/or microbiological contaminants in beer. Biogenic amines, heavy metals, mycotoxins, nitrosamines, pesticides, acrylamide, phthalates, bisphenols, microplastics, and, to a lesser extent, hydrocarbons (aliphatic chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic), carbonyls, furan-derivatives, polychlorinated biphenyls, and trihalomethanes are the main chemical pollutants found during the beer brewing process. Pollution sources include raw materials, technological process steps, the brewery environment, and packaging materials. Different chemical pollutants have been found during the beer brewing process, from barley to beer. Brewing steps such as steeping, kilning, mashing, boiling, fermentation, and clarification are critical in reducing the levels of many of these pollutants. As a result, their residual levels are usually below the maximum levels allowed by international regulations. Therefore, this work was aimed at assessing how chemical pollutants appear and evolve in the brewing process, according to research developed in the last few decades.

La presente investigación aborda de forma sencilla un análisis crítico constructivo del estado de desarrollo endógeno agropecuario del municipio Banes, Holguín, con el propósito de conocer las problemáticas principales que afectan este sector y las incidencias limitantes de la base económica productiva territorial. Lo que de forma detallada ofrece una visión holística del modelo causal del sector, representando el 68 % global, dedicado a la forestal (44 %), la ganadería (42) y los cultivos varios (14 %), contribuyendo a minimizar los efectos a corto, mediano y largo plazo. PALABRAS CLAVE: análisis crítico; desarrollo endógeno; agropecuario; base económica productiva. Critical constructive analysis of the Banense agricultural endogenous development state ABSTRACT The present research is about of a simple way a constructive critical analysis of the state of endogenous agricultural development of the Banes municipality, Holguín, with the purpose of knowing the main problems that affect this sector and the limiting incidences of the territorial productive economic base. What in a detailed way offers a holistic view of the causal model of the sector, representing 68% overall, dedicated to forestry (44%), livestock (42) and various crops (14%), contributing to minimize the effects to Short, medium and long term. KEYWORDS: critical analysis; endogenous development; agricultural; productive economic base.

Dolo, imprudencia, ceguera ante los hechos. Comentario a la sentencia nº 8488 dictada el 6 de febrero de 2023 por el Tribunal en lo Criminal 1 de la ciudad de Dolores, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (caso Báez Sosa), por Gabriel PÉREZ BARBERÁ. Riesgo objetivo y dogmática del dolo. Comentario al voto particular de la STS 749/2022, de 13 de septiembre (caso EREs), por Mauro ROCCASALVO.

Botrytis cinerea and Trichoderma atroviride are two relevant fungi in agricultural systems. To gain insights into these organisms’ transcriptional gene regulatory networks (GRNs), we generated a manually curated transcription factor (TF) dataset for each of them, followed by a GRN inference utilizing available sequence motifs describing DNA-binding specificity and global gene expression data. As a proof of concept of the usefulness of this resource to pinpoint key transcriptional regulators, we employed publicly available transcriptomics data and a newly generated dual RNA-seq dataset to build context-specific Botrytis and Trichoderma GRNs under two different biological paradigms: exposure to continuous light and Botrytis-Trichoderma confrontation assays. Network analysis of fungal responses to constant light revealed striking differences in the transcriptional landscape of both fungi. On the other hand, we found that the confrontation of both microorganisms elicited a distinct set of differentially expressed genes with changes in T. atroviride exceeding those in B. cinerea. Using our regulatory network data, we were able to determine, in both fungi, central TFs involved in this interaction response, including TFs controlling a large set of extracellular peptidases in the biocontrol agent T. atroviride. In summary, our work provides a comprehensive catalog of transcription factors and regulatory interactions for both organisms. This catalog can now serve as a basis for generating novel hypotheses on transcriptional regulatory circuits in different experimental contexts.

El desarrollo sostenible requiere la consideración de toda una serie de elementos interconectados, como la reducción de la demanda de energía y el consumo de agua, la minimización de los residuos y la contaminación y la provisión de un transporte público eficiente. Bajo ese enfoque de “construcción sostenible”, el cierre de los ciclos de materiales y agua, así como la reducción del consumo energético son los principales objetivos en el sector de la edificación. En este contexto, el concepto de Infraestructura Verde Urbana (UGI) se ha definido como un conjunto de sistemas de construcción creados por el hombre, pero basados en la naturaleza, como techos verdes y sistemas de ecologización vertical. UGI proporciona varios eco-servicios al entorno urbano, como la reducción de la escorrentía superficial en las grandes ciudades, la reducción del efecto isla de calor, el apoyo a la biodiversidad, la mejora de la durabilidad de las membranas impermeabilizantes y el ahorro de energía en los edificios, entre otros. Durante la última década se han llevado a cabo una serie de acciones de investigación en la Universidad de Lleida con el fin de estudiar estos sistemas constructivos, cuantificar sus beneficios y mejorar su diseño. En este trabajo presentamos estos estudios Abstract Sustainable development requires the consideration of a whole host of interconnected elements, such as the reduction of energy demand and water consumption, minimizing waste and pollution, and providing efficient public transport. Under that “sustainable construction” approach, the closing of materials and water cycles as well as the reduction of energy consumption are the main objectives in the building sector. In this context, the concept of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) has been defined as a set of man-made, but nature-based, construction systems, such as green roofs and vertical greening systems. UGI provides several eco-services into the urban environment, such as the reduction of surface runoff in large cities, reduction of heat island effect, support to biodiversity, waterproofing membranes durability improvement, and building energy savings, among others. During the last decade a series of research actions have been carried out at the University of Lleida in order to study these construction systems, to quantify their benefits, and to improve their design. In this work we present these studies

Beyond of BIM technology consolidation, the incorporation of virtual reality in the field of architecture and construction implies a new breakthrough which implies several advantages both at professional and academic levels. With the aim to measure the potential of this technology, a set of immersive activities were performed at the University of Lleida in the degree of Technical Architecture and Buildings. From the results, it could be observed the great ease of students in learning the use of virtual reality tools and the great potential of these solutions not only in learning architecture and construction but also as a professional working tool, especially for the design phases. Resumen Más allá de la consolidación de la tecnología BIM, la incorporación de la realidad virtual en el campo de la arquitectura y la construcción implica un nuevo avance que conlleva varias ventajas tanto a nivel profesional como académico. Con el objetivo de medir el potencial de esta tecnología, se realizaron un conjunto de actividades inmersivas en el grado de Arquitectura Técnica y Edificación de la Universidad de Lleida. A partir de los resultados, se pudo observar la gran facilidad de los estudiantes para aprender el uso de herramientas de realidad virtual y el gran potencial de estas soluciones no solo en el aprendizaje de arquitectura y construcción, sino también como una herramienta de trabajo profesional, especialmente para las fases de diseño.

Introduction: The reasons for tooth loss have been well defined for several centuries. However, systematic analysis of the causes of tooth loss in the first years of the present century would shed light on the current manifestation of this phenomenon. Objective: Determine the main causes of tooth mortality in the last 20 years. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Boolean search engines in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO bibliographic search platforms. The search was based on the following MeSH terms: cause, motive, mortality, extraction, dental extraction, loss, and combinations thereof. The articles included were in English or Spanish. Calibration was performed by the authors to evaluate the articles to be selected. Results: A total 593 articles were retrieved: 16 from Web of Science, 39 from Scopus, 531 from Pubmed and 1 from SciELO, of which 26 were included in the study. A predominance was found of articles published in English (80.8%). The main causes of tooth mortality dealt with were dental caries (92.30%) and periodontal disease (50.0%). Conclusions: The evidence obtained in the last 20 years is insufficient to determine the main reasons for dental extraction by continent. There is little availability of articles about areas from the most densely populated and developed countries in each continent. The articles included showed a predominance of dental caries and periodontal disease as the main reasons for dental extraction.

This research focuses on how designing, implementing, and evaluating didactic strategies and activities based on scaffolding with visualization and the use of graphic organizers guide the process of reading comprehension in an eighth-grade public school course placed at A1 level. The research methodology was framed as action research with a mixed-method approach and a quasi-experimental design with no control group. There were 31 participants aged 12 to 18. The research design implied (1) a pretest, (2) a diagnostic analysis, (3) intervention, (4) a posttest, and (5) final analysis. After gathering information from the pretest initial diagnostic data, the pedagogical intervention with ten task-like scaffolding activities was applied and assessed with rubrics. Posttest data were collected and accounted for from the researcher's journal notes. Both reading comprehension tests, the pretest, and the posttest had 21 questions divided into literal, inferential, and evaluative levels. Results obtained using descriptive statistics exposed, from the posttest, some improvement in the literal and evaluative level questions but a slight decline in inferential level questions contrasted with the pretest results. Data demonstrated that some external factors like time, academic aids, and responsibility influenced the outcome positively or negatively.

For comprehensive gene expression analyses of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, which infects a number of plant taxa and is a cause of substantial agricultural losses worldwide, we developed BEB, a web-based B. cinerea gene Expression Browser. This computationally inexpensive web-based application and its associated database contain manually curated RNA-Seq data for B. cinerea. BEB enables expression analyses of genes of interest under different culture conditions by providing publication-ready heatmaps depicting transcript levels, without requiring advanced computational skills. BEB also provides details of each experiment and user-defined gene expression clustering and visualization options. If needed, tables of gene expression values can be downloaded for further exploration, including, for instance, the determination of differentially expressed genes. The BEB implementation is based on open-source computational technologies that can be deployed for other organisms. In this case, the new implementation will be limited only by the number of transcriptomic experiments that are incorporated into the platform. To demonstrate the usability and value of BEB, we analyzed gene expression patterns across different conditions, with a focus on secondary metabolite gene clusters, chromosome-wide gene expression, previously described virulence factors, and reference genes, providing the first comprehensive expression overview of these groups of genes in this relevant fungal phytopathogen. We expect this tool to be broadly useful in B. cinerea research, providing a basis for comparative transcriptomics and candidate gene identification for functional assays.

Background: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is inconsistent with the development of the individual and frequent during childhood.Objective: to assess the effectiveness of a hypnotherapeutic model in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated at the Hypnotherapeutic Clinic of Santiago de Cuba, from January through July 2019.Methods: a quantitative, quasi-experimental research was carried out, structured in three phases (diagnosis, intervention and assessment). The universe included all the diagnosed individuals that presented to the aforementioned clinic and during the period herein declared. Using intentional non-probabilistic sampling 20 patients were chosen who did not have psychotherapeutic treatment at the moment of research. McNemar chi-square test made it possible to assess the effectiveness of the model. The following variables were assessed: age, sex, psychological manifestations, treatment and psychological and clinical response.Results: there was predominance of patients aged 6 to 9 years (95 %) and of the male sex (88,3 %). Before the intervention there was a higher incidence of impulsiveness-irritability, hyperactivity and attention deficit (X2C=4); sleep disorders (X2C=4,17) and shyness (X2C=5,14). After the intervention there was no expression of anxiety, insecurity, fear, shyness and sleep disorders. The psychological and clinical responses at the end of the intervention were favorable and adequate (X2C=4); only one individual could not attain significant modifications of his condition.Conclusions: hypnotherapy proved to be effective in the treatment of the upset of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Introducción: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental con el objetivo de diseñar un protocolo psicoterapéutico para atender la conducta suicida en adolescentes del área de salud Policlínica Universitaria César Fornet Fruto de Banes. Métodos: Se ejecutó un muestreo no probabilístico determinando 75 sujetos para la muestra en grupo experimental y 80 en grupo control. La variable conducta suicida y las alteraciones asociadas se operacionalizaron mediante la Escala de Ideación Suicida, Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (IDARE) e Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado (IDERE). Resultados: A partir de la intervención, se suprimió la expresión de ideación suicida, se logró disminuir al nivel bajo la ansiedad como rasgo-estado en 91 % y 97 % y la depresión de igual forma, 93 % y 99 %. La autoestima evidenció un aumento a un nivel alto (93 %). Los valores de McNemar para chi cuadrado calculado (de 67,7 a 142,72) resultaron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: Con los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que el protocolo diseñado y aplicado en el grupo experimental garantiza la supresión de la intención suicida, aumenta los niveles de autoestima y disminuye la ansiedad y depresión como alteraciones asociadas a la conducta suicida en la muestra estudiada.

Sr. Editor. Debido a la propagación del COVID-19, han surgido nuevos protocolos de atención odontológica para poder controlar esta pandemia. Se sabe que una de las principales formas de ingreso del SARS-CoV-2 a nuestro organismo es a través de la cavidad bucal ya que las glándulas salivales menores y botones gustativos están cargados de receptores ACE-2 1. Por eso, consideramos que es importante fomentar el uso de enjuagues bucales preoperatorios durante la consulta odontológica para reducir la carga viral en boca y así prevenir la propagación de este virus entre el paciente y el operador. La presente carta al editor tiene como objetivo fundamentar la importancia del uso de estos colutorios.

Antimicrobial bacteria resistance is an important problem in children with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI), thus it is crucial to search for alternative therapies. Autologous bacterial lysates (ABL) may be a potential treatment for rUTI. Twenty-seven children with rUTI were evaluated for one year, urine and stool cultures were performed, 10 colonies of each culture were selected and those identified as Escherichia coli were characterized by serology. For patients who presented ≥105 UFC/mL, an ABL was manufactured and administered orally (1 mL/day) for a month. Twelve children were monitored for ≥1-year, 218 urine and 11 stool samples were analyzed. E. coli (80.5%) was the main bacteria isolated from urine and feces (72%). E. coli of classical urinary serotypes (UPEC), O25:H4, O75:HNM, and O9:HNM were identified in patients with persistent urinary infection (pUTI). In 54% of patients treated with ABL, the absence of bacteria was observed in urine samples after 3 months of treatment, 42% of these remained without UTI between 10–12 months. It was observed that the use of ABL controlled the infection for almost 1 year in more than 60% of the children. We consider it necessary to develop a polyvalent immunogen for the treatment and control of rUTI.

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RESUMEN: El meme en Internet puede ser entendido como un texto digital que implica no solo complejos sistemas de referencias, sino también extensas posibilidades expresivas. Se trata de un recurso de enunciación que recientemente ha adquirido mayor relevancia social, en buena medida, a partir de las características sociotécnicas de las plataformas sociodigitales en las que circulan ampliamente, entre las que destacan Facebook, Twitter, entre otras. A pesar de que se trata de unidades de sentido dadas por distintos tipos de signos (pueden ser tanto cadenas de caracteres como imágenes en movimiento o estáticas), haremos énfasis en estas últimas, en función del corpus de análisis recopilado. A partir de una observación de tipo cualitativo, durante el proceso electoral para la elección presidencial en México (que tuvo lugar entre diciembre de 2017 y julio de 2018), se registraron 900 memes a través de los cuales es posible identificar diversos tipos de expresiones, algunas de las cuales pueden ser ubicadas en cercanía a prácticas políticas. El objetivo central del trabajo que se propone es reflexionar sobre la naturaleza del meme como texto, así como las posibilidades que brinda para observar las dinámicas que uso y reinterpretación de estos signos de naturaleza digital, a partir de un contexto electoral en el que los usuarios participaron generando, compartiendo y modificando este tipo de unidades culturales. PALABRAS CLAVE: memes en Internet; texto; usos sociales de la tecnología; elecciones. ABSTRACT:Internet memes can be understood as digital texts that involve not only complex systems of references, but also extensive expressive possibilities. It is an enunciation resource that has recently acquired greater social relevance, largely from the sociotechnical characteristics of the social network sites in which they circulate widely, among which Facebook, Twitter and others stand out. Although these are units of meaning given by different types of signs (they can be both strings of characters as moving or static images), we will emphasize the last ones, depending on the corpus of analysis collected. From a qualitative observation, during the electoral process for the presidential election in Mexico (which took place between December 2017 and July 2018), 900 memes were registered through which it is possible to identify various types of expressions, some of which can be located in close proximity to political practices. The main objective of the proposed work is to reflect on the nature of the meme as a text, as well as the possibilities it offers to observe the dynamics of use and reinterpretation of these signs of a digital nature, from an electoral context in which users participated generating, sharing and modifying this type of cultural units. KEYWORDS: internet memes; text; social uses of technology; elections.

The generation of solid-density plasmas in a controlled manner using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) has opened up the possibility of diagnosing the atomic properties of hot, strongly coupled systems in novel ways. Previous work has concentrated on K-shell emission spectroscopy of low Z (Z(=32) element Germanium, where the XFEL creates copious L-shell holes, and the plasma conditions are interrogated by recording of the associated L-shell X-ray emission spectra. Given the desirability of generating as uniform a plasma as possible, we present here a study of the effects of the FEL photon energy on the temperatures and electron densities created, and their uniformity in the FEL beam propagation direction. We show that good uniformity can be achieved by tuning the photon energy of the XFEL such that it does not overlap significantly with L-shell to M-shell bound-bound transitions, and lies below the L-edges of the ions formed during the heating process. Reasonable agreement between experiment and simulations is found for the emitted X-ray spectra, demonstrating that for these higher Z elements, the selection of appropriate XFEL parameters is important for achieving uniformity in the plasma conditions.

Objective. To evaluate cardiovascular risk, metabolic profile, low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and sexual function in patients with nonfunctional pituitary macroadenoma (NFPMA) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with testosterone therapy (TTh). Methods. A retrospective clinical study at a tertiary care center was performed in 101 men with NFPMA, HH, and TTh; metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk, International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), and International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) scores were evaluated before initiation of TTh and at the last checkup with TTh. Results. Age was 49.3 ± 8.8 years; T before TTh was 195 ng/mL (101–259) vs. 574 (423–774) at the last checkup. The time of TTh administration was 34 months (12–72). An increase in triglyceride levels (200 (153–294) vs. 174 (134–233) mg/dL; p=0.03), dyslipidemia (40% vs. 52%; p=0.03), and MetS (25% vs. 34%; p=0.05) was corroborated. A statistical difference in the Globorisk score and cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification was not found. IIEF-5 score was 15.5 ± 6.5 vs. 17.8 ± 5.3 (p=0.11). An improvement in penetration quality (2.0 ± 1.5 vs. 2.6 ± 1.3; p=0.05), erection after penetration (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 2.5 ± 1.6; p=0.02), completion of intercourse (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3; p=0.03), and satisfaction of sexual intercourse (1.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.5 ± 1.5; p=0.01) was evidenced. IPSS score was 6 (IQR 2–10) vs. 7 (IQR 4–12); p=0.30. A lower rate of intermittency (14% vs. 3%; p=0.02), urgency (39% vs. 16%; p=0.01), and episodes of nocturia (18% vs. 4%; p=0.02) was found. An increase of hematocrit (44.1 ± 4.4 vs. 47.3 ± 4.4%; p=0.001), hemoglobin (14.9 ± 1.4 vs. 15.9 ± 1.4 g/dL; p=0.001), and prostatic specific antigen (0.59 (0.43–1.19) vs. 0.82 (0.45–1.4) ng/mL; p=0.02) was evidenced during TTh. Conclusion. TTh in young men with NFPMA improves LUTS, sexual function, and some metabolic parameters, and it is relatively safe in the prostatic context.

Este artículo presenta el análisis de las valoraciones que estudiantes de un posgrado de profesión docente tienen sobre la formación en metodología de la investigación recibida en su pregrado y su uso en la práctica docente. El estudio se realizó en el marco de la asignatura de Metodología de la investigación, con estudiantes que cursan un programa de maestría en el ámbito pedagógico, en la Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile. El enfoque es cualitativo. Las técnicas: el cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y grupo de discusión. El procesamiento se realizó con un modelo de análisis y reducción categorial con ATLAS.ti 6.0. Los principales resultados muestran la visión crítica de los sujetos participantes sobre la formación en metodología de la investigación recibida en pregrado; evidencian los déficits formativos, con una formación orientada a la realización de la tesis de grado y no a la entrega de herramientas para el ejercicio profesional, problematizan la intencionalidad de las universidades de querer formar profesorado investigador. Respecto de usos de la metodología de la investigación en el ejercicio profesional, estos, siendo variados, se encuentran muy condicionados por los déficits formativos y las condiciones institucionales. A pesar de los cuestionamientos del grupo de informantes, tienen una alta valoración de las potencialidades de la metodología de la investigación para el desarrollo de su ejercicio profesional. Estos resultados nos animan a sugerir elementos para nutrir el debate en torno a la forma en que se debe enseñar, así como para qué se enseña metodología de la investigación, a fin de contribuir a los procesos de desarrollo profesional del equipo docente-investigador.

Based on a qualitative approach and the use of ethnographic techniques such as the semi-structured interview and participant observation, an analysis is presented of how diverse racist and discriminatory expressions take place within a non-representative and non-probabilistic selection of “autistic” closed groups in Facebook, in which young people from all Latin America participate. Results suggest that, although the observed racism correspond to aspects based on characteristics such as ethnic group and skin color; this form of discrimination is also present from diverse cultural issues.

El artículo identifica objetos de estudio, teorías y métodos empleados por investigadores mexicanos sobre Internet y la Sociedad de la Información. Se sistematizan y establecen tendencias sobre los principales abordajes y la agenda pendiente de investigación, así como el contenido de 101 ponencias en extenso de 94 autores en cinco Encuentros Nacionales de la amic de 2010 a 2014.

The results of this paper are the product of a broader research on political participation. The expressions of young university students are there analyzed about civic education received at school related to political participation. Three focus groups were held with freshmen at Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chile. The results show that the vision of young people about the formation received is rather critical. On the one hand, the need for civic education is identified as that which allows to address the complexity of political activity. Secondly, it is found that school education does not respond to this need, since it is qualified as poor and biased. For students, education must play a politicizing role, providing inputs to influence social change.

Aim: To determine the correlation between the results of thyroid fine-needle aspirations interpreted using the Bethesda system and final histopathological reports for patients at an oncology hospital (OH) and non-oncology hospitals (NOHs). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed to compare the cytology and histopathology results for patients with thyroid nodules in three Colombian hospitals. The final correlation of diagnoses between the two methods is reported. In Colombia, the health system provides the existence of general care hospitals and hospitals specializing in care of patients with cancer. Results: A total of 196 reports were reviewed, of which 53% were from OH and 47% were from NOHs. A greater proportion of category V (37.5%) was diagnosed at the OH, whereas NOHs diagnosed a greater proportion of category II (42.3%). The global correlation between diagnoses made using cytology and histopathology was 93.3% for categories V and VI (based on the final malignant diagnosis) and 86.9% for benign category II. Significant differences between institution types were observed when category IV and V and malignant histopathology were compared (56.3% OH vs. 23.5% NOH; P = 0.05 for category IV, 97.4% OH vs. 82.3% NOH; P = 0.03 for category V), while no significant difference between institution types was observed when category II and final benign diagnosis were compared (P = 0.6). Conclusions: The Bethesda system for thyroid cytology correlates adequately with final histopathological diagnosis in Colombia. Significant differences were identified in the diagnostic correlation for malignant lesions between the OH and NOHs in categories IV and V caused by selection bias of the population.

Las barreras y aranceles al comercio exterior han disminuido significativamente gracias a los acuerdos multilaterales y los mecanismos de integración entre las naciones. Los costos logísticos representan una proporción significativa del precio final de los artículos, especialmente de los commodities. Por esta razón, minimizar los costos logísticos es un desafío importante para las naciones para fomentar la competitividad del comercio exterior y en particular para aprovechar la renta de los recursos naturales. En este artículo, proponemos un marco de referencia integral para la medición de costos logísticos, enfocado en determinar los extra-costos que resultan por procedimientos ineficientes y la falta de políticas públicas y regulaciones de las entidades públicas. Estos elementos no han sido considerados en la literatura, y este artículo aborda esta brecha. Como caso de estudio, presentamos la aplicación del marco de referencia para estimar los extra-costos en algunas cadenas logísticas de recursos naturales en Bolivia. Se presenta una discusión de los resultados encontrados, así como recomendaciones para trabajo futuro.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto dar a conocer el impacto del nivel académico y deserción escolar de los estudiantes universitarios y su correlación paradigmática emocional, dicha investigación consta de una introducción en donde abordaremos los elementos centrales de la familias mexicanas que muestran las deficiencias de su entorno económico, social, cultural y emocional, y el mal desempeño en el nivel de conocimientos de nuestros estudiantes. En el desarrollo, plasmaremos los efectos emocionales de nuestros estudiantes y su impacto en sus diferentes niveles académicos; en nuestra demostración abarcaremos tanto lo cuantitativo como lo cualitativo del desempeño académico de los educandos y de su entorno social así como su capacidad para adaptarse a los nuevos paradigmas emocionales y, finalmente concluiremos con las propuestas y recomendaciones de los resultados que nos arrojen nuestros instrumentos de medición para el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa y emocional de nuestros alumnos.

Con el propósito de promover practicas cotidianas que faciliten la construcción de nuevas maneras de ensenar y aprender ciencias es que presentamos una propuesta didáctica inscrita en un marco de educación científica escolar; cuyo punto de partida es una pregunta disparadora: .Como podrían estimar la concentración de azúcar en una bebida gaseosa?, una vez desarrollados los conceptos asociados a la reflexión-refracción de la luz en el aula. Se abordan en el aula de física conceptos de óptica geométrica: reflexión y refracción de la luz; integrando contenidos desarrollados en química como: soluciones químicas y concentración de las soluciones.

This article is an attempt to bring together two basic ideas. One the one hand, it presents both a succinct contextualization of the systematically linked literature of Angola and the works of Ondjaki, as well as a brief look at the process of establishing a differentiated Angolan literature. On the other hand, it will offer a hermeneutic reading of Quantas madrugadas tem a noite (2004). To this end, Walter Benjamin’s ‘der Erzähler’ (‘The Storyteller’) will act as the initial framework though which the friction in the novel between oral and the written will be approached.

Symptoms related to peripheral embolism are experienced in 2%–15% of cases of cardiac myxoma. We present a rare case of a 54-year-old man admitted due to sudden abdominal pain. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). As the patient's response to support treatment was favorable, a non-invasive approach was adopted, with prescription of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a tumor in the left atrium. The cardiac mass was completely removed and diagnosed as myxoma by histopathological analysis. As periodic CT scans showed progressive improvement of blood flow through the SMA, OAC was continued. OAC may have been beneficial due to the nature of emboli originating from a cardiac myxoma: thrombi covering the surface of the tumor. At present, there is no explanation in the literature for the benefits of OAC in patients with embolism associated with cardiac myxoma. Resumo: Os sintomas relacionados com a embolia periférica são experimentados por 2 a 15% dos casos. Apresentamos um caso raro de um homem de 54 anos que foi internado devido a dor abdominal súbita. Uma tomografia computadorizada (TC) mostrou a oclusão da artéria mesentérica superior (AMS). Como o paciente teve uma resposta favorável durante o tratamento de suporte foi decidida uma abordagem não-invasiva com prescrição de terapia anticoagulante oral (TAO). O ecocardiograma transesofágico demonstrou um tumor no átrio esquerdo (AE). A massa cardíaca foi completamente removida. O diagnóstico histopatológico foi de mixoma. Como a tomografia computadorizada periódica apresentou melhoria progressiva do fluxo de sangue através da AMS, o paciente continuou com TAO. A terapia anticoagulante pode ter sido útil devido aos componentes de êmbolos provenientes de mixoma cardíaco: trombos que cobrem a superfície do tumor. Atualmente, não há nenhuma bibliografia publicada que explique os benefícios da TAO em pacientes com embolia associada com mixoma cardíaco. Keywords: Myxoma, Embolism, Mesenteric artery, Ischemia, Palavras-chave: Mixoma, Embolia, Artéria mesentérica superior, Isquemia

El campo académico de la comunicación sigue enfrentando una serie de retos en lo relativo a su desarrollo disciplinar. Desde una perspecti- va epistemológica, la construcción de su objeto de estudio ha presentado algunos pendientes conceptuales, que permitirían plantear una re- exión más sólida en cuanto a la consideración de nuevas tecnologías que posibilitan actos co- municativos, dentro del conjunto de los media . El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de brindar elementos que contribuyen al fortalecimiento de esta categoría, ante la consolidación de Internet como innovación que ofrece posibilidades de interacción comunicativa nunca antes presentes en medio alguno, tanto por la compresión espa- cio-temporal que supone, como por las estructura rizomáticas a través de las cuales uye la informa- ción. Se argumentará que Internet es un medio de comunicación con posibilidades expresivas y de difusión, en buena medida, a partir de los usos sociales que se hacen del sustento hipertextual que posibilita la operación de uno de sus entornos más frecuentemente utilizados con intenciones comu- nicativas: la World Wide Web .

In Mexico, linguistic diversity is a right protected by various initiatives and laws. However, the ethno-linguistic mosaic found in Mexico due to the multicultural nature of the population, has not been properly addressed by online public policies. This study presents an assessment of the indigenous language provision on Mexican government websites at a federal, state and local level. Its principal results show that practically no indigenous-language content is available on such e-Government sites, and highlight accessibility issues in some State Governments. This leaves the Mexican indigenous population in a situation of great inequality that poses a huge threat to their information access rights.

Se ubica a la llamada Web 2.0 como un fenómeno impulsado en buena medida por el paradigma de la sociedad de la información y como un término creado desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente mercadológica. Se concibe al conjunto de servicios y aplicaciones de la Web 2.0, como un grupo heterogéneo en el que coexisten visiones económicas que forman parte de la economía digital, al lado de enfoques que privilegian aspectos sociales y de generación colectiva de conocimiento. En este contexto, en este artículo se analizan los recursos de interactividad presentes en dos sitios emblemáticos de la Web 2.0: YouTube y la Wikipedia, en los que se destaca la horizontalidad de las relaciones entre sus usuarios.

Con base en los resultados obtenidos en el Proyecto de Evaluación al Programa de Acceso a Servicios Digitales en Bibliotecas Públicas (pasdbp), así como en una observación exploratoria del subportal de Migrantes del Sistema Nacional e-Mexico se presenta un análisis en el que se aborda la oferta de contenidos electrónicos por parte del gobierno mexicano orientados a este sector, así como las principales barreras de uso que se presentan en una muestra no probabilística de Módulos de Servicios Digitales instalados en bibliotecas públicas en territorio mexicano.

Los feocromocitomas son tumores secretores de catecolaminas que cursan con paroxismos de hipertensión o hipotensión arterial y palpitaciones. Son una causa rara del síndrome coronario agudo. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con síndrome coronario agudo secundario a feocromocitoma que inicialmente tenía valores normales de catecolaminas.

Depletion-induced aggregation of rods enhanced by clustering is observed to produce a novel model of attractive pairs of rods separated by a line of spheres in a quasi-2D, vertically-shaken, granular gas of rods and spheres. We show that the stability of these peculiar granular aggregates increases as a function of shaking intensity. Velocity distributions of spheres inside and outside of a pair of rods trapping a line of spheres show a clear suppression of the momentum acquired by the trapped spheres. The condensed phase formed between the rods is caused by a clustering instability of the trapped spheres, enhanced by a vertical guidance produced by the confining rods. The liberated area corresponding to direct excluded-volume pairs and indirect depletion-aggregated pairs is measured as a function of time. The stability of rod pairs mediated by spheres reveals an attraction comparable in strength to the one purely induced by depletion forces.

Leaching, the movement of water and chemicals into deeper soil layers and groundwater is a subject of worldwide interest because a high percentage of drinking water is extracted from groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential leaching and persistence of sixteen pesticides (one fungicide, three nematicides/insecticides, and twelve herbicides) for three Mediterranean agricultural soils with similar texture (clay loam) but different organic matter content (1.2-3.1%). Adsorption was studied in batch experiments and leaching was tested using disturbed soil columns (40 cm length × 4 cm i.d.). Degradation studies were carried out during 120 days under laboratory conditions. Mobility experiments showed that pesticides can be grouped according to their potential leaching. Thus, pesticides showing medium leachability were included in group 1 (referred as G1) while those with high leachability were termed as G2. The differences observed in the leachability can be attributed to the different organic carbon (OC) content in the soils (0.7-1.8%). Values of log KOC were higher in the order: soil C > soil B > soil A, which agrees with the OC content in each soil. The calculated half-lives ranged from 4.2 days for carbofuran in soil A to 330 days for prometon in soil C. As a general rule, when higher OC content in the soil the greater persistence of the pesticide was observed as a consequence of the increased adsorption. The first order kinetics model satisfactorily explains the disappearance of the studied pesticides in the soil.

The seismic records of Colombian foothills are usually noisy and contaminated by coherent and high amplitude back-scattered associated with roughness topography, which obscure reflectors from deeper layers. To remove this back-scattered noise, filters have been applied getting satisfactory results for smooth topography and short offsets, but in general conventional methods yield unsatisfactory results. We applied an approach based in prediction and subtraction of the unwanted noise to attenuate it. The extracted source signature of each record and the shallow velocity model were input to the finite element software to model the acoustic wave equation, obtaining the back-scattered noise in each record. Each output was subtracted from its corresponding record, attenuating noticeably the noise. The procedure was applied in the shots records of a foothill seismic line providing an improved image of the stacked section after time processing. The software had been previously tested on synthetic data giving promising results.Los registros del área del piedemonte colombiano están generalmente contaminados con ruido de gran amplitud asociado a la topografía, que oscurecen los reflectores de interés. Este ruido se intenta eliminar mediante filtros, lo cual funciona para topografía suave y offsets más cercanos, pero en general los métodos convencionales suministran resultados desalentadores. Hemos aplicado un método basado en la predicción y sustracción de este ruido con el fin de atenuarlo. La ondícula extraída de cada registro y el modelo de la capa somera, son alimentados a un programa hecho en elementos finitos que modela el comportamiento de la onda acústica y suministra la respuesta de la capa somera. Cada salida se sustrae de su correspondiente registro de donde se extrajo la ondícula, logrando un registro y una atenuación notable en él. Este procedimiento se aplicó a una línea sísmica de piedemonte, obteniéndose una mejor imagen de la sección apilada. El programa había sido previamente probado en datos sintéticos suministrando resultados promisorios.

El presente artículo analiza cómo se dio el proceso de reestructuración productiva y flexibilidad laboral en Teléfonos de México, S.A. de C.V. (Telmex) a partir de los años ochenta. Específicamente se examina cómo se da éste a través de la firma de un convenio de concertación para la apertura y la competencia; los cambios en algunas cláusulas de los Contratos Colectivos de Trabajo (CCT) derivadas de la puesta en marchar de un convenio de productividad; la compactación de especialidades; las estrategias de desarrollo, y del papel que jugó el Sindicato de Telefonistas de la República Mexicana (STRM). Asimismo, se estudia el impacto que tuvo la puesta en marcha de políticas de flexibilización laboral en la contratación colectiva de Telmex y los alcances del proceso de modernización, con la finalidad de hacer algunas reflexiones generales sobre la reestructuración productiva emprendida por esta empresa.

Land seismic data is contaminated commonly with coherent and high amplitude back-scattered noise generated from roughness in the surface topography; these events make generally the key information on deeper layers unclear. In Colombian foothill areas with rough topography and high lateral velocity variation, this noise has been difficult to attenuate. Conventional methods aimed at this purpose usually yield unsatisfactory results. We present a strategy based in prediction and subtraction of the unwanted waves. Assuming knowledge of the source wavelet and the shallow velocity model we use a finite-element solution of the acoustic wave equation to model the back-scattered noise; this modeled response is then subtracted from the prestack data, resulting in a noticeable attenuation of noise in field seismograms. The method was applied to prestack real data from colombian foothills in order to observe the enhancement in seismic records, planning in a close future to show results on stacked data.Comúnmente, los datos sísmicos adquiridos en tierra están contaminados por ruido coherente y dispersivo de gran amplitud generado a partir de las rugosidades de la topografía, que opaca la información proveniente de las capas más profundas. En las zonas de piedemonte en Colombia, con topografía agreste y alta variación lateral de velocidad, este ruido ha sido difícil de atenuar. Los métodos convencionales para atacar este tipo de problemas usualmente dan resultados poco satisfactorios. Con el propósito de contribuir a la solución del problema, presentamos una estrategia basada en la predicción y remoción de las ondas no deseadas. Conocidos la ondícula de la fuente y el modelo de velocidad de las capas someras, se simula el comportamiento de la onda acústica mediante un algoritmo en elementos finitos para reproducir la respuesta de estas capas. Posteriormente, sustraemos tal respuesta de los datos preapilados, obteniendo una atenuación sustancial del ruido en los registros de campo. El método se aplicó a datos preapilados del piedemonte colombiano a fin de observar una mejoría de la imagen en los registros sísmicos, planeando en un futuro cercano mostrar resultados en secciones apiladas.Comumente, os dados sísmicos adquiridos em terra estço contaminados por ruído coerente e dispersivo de grande amplitude, gerado a partir das rugosidades da topografia, que opaca a informaçço proveniente das capas mais profundas. Nas zonas de pé de monte na Colômbia, com topografia agreste e alta variaçço lateral de velocidade, este ruído tem sido difícil de atenuar. Os métodos convencionais para atacar este tipo de problemas usualmente dço resultados pouco satisfatórios. Com o propósito de contribuir á soluçço do problema, apresentamos uma estratégia baseada na prediçço e remoçço das ondas nço desejadas. Conhecidos a onda da fonte e o modelo de velocidade das capas superficiais, simula o comportamento da onda acústica mediante um algoritmo em elementos finitos para reproduzir a resposta destas capas. Posteriormente, subtraímos tal resposta dos dados pré-empilhados, obtendo uma atenuação substancial do ruído nos registros de campo. O método foi aplicado a dados pré-empilhados do pé de monte colombiano a fim de observar uma melhoria da imagem nos registros sísmicos, planejando em um futuro próximo mostrar resultados em sessões empilhadas.

Los resultados de este artículo son producto de una investigación mayor sobre participación política. En él se analizan los discursos de jóvenes universitarios respecto de la formación ciudadana recibida en la escuela, en su vínculo con la participación política. Se realizaron tres focus group con estudiantes de primer año de carreras de la Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile. Los resultados apuntan que la visión de los jóvenes sobre la formación recibida es más bien crítica. Por un lado, se identifica la necesidad de una formación ciudadana, que permite abordar la complejidad de la actividad política. Por otro, se constata que la formación escolar no responde a esta necesidad, puesto que se califica como deficiente y sesgada. Para los estudiantes, la educación debe asumir un rol politizador, entregando insumos para incidir en el cambio social. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.283

Introducción: la gastroenteropatía eosinofílica es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por infiltración de eosinófilos en una o más capas a diferentes niveles del tracto grastrointestinal, siendo común en estómago y duodeno. Aunque en la mayoría de los casos se presenta con dolor abdominal, también puede aparecer vómito, diarrea, ascitis y pérdida de peso. Reporte de caso: hombre de 41 años con cuadro clínico de 9 meses de evolución de dolor abdominal súbito e intermitente, de predominio en mesogastrio irradiado a región lumbar, manejado con antiespasmódicos sin mejoría. Antecedentes de: infarto agudo de miocardio 2 años atrás con arterias coronarias sanas según angiografía, nefrectomía derecha hace 11 años por hidronefrosis, diagnóstico y tratamiento desde hace 3 años de anemia microcítica hipocrómica con hipereosinofilia, apendicitis aguda hace 7 meses con hallazgos en la patología de infiltrados eosinofílicos, y una biopsia de médula ósea que reveló eosinofilia. Al examen físico: signos vitales normales, ruidos intestinales aumentados en intensidad y frecuencia (40/min) y mesogastrio doloroso a la palpación; sin masas ni visceromegalias. Sus laboratorios revelaron anemia y eosinofilia de 16%. Las imágenes diagnósticas reportaron una esofagogastroileítis, con evidencia microscópica de infiltración eosinofila en todas las muestras, por lo cual se diagnosticó gastroenteropatía eosinofílica iniciando manejo con dieta hipoalergénica y prednisona. Discusión: hasta 25% de los pacientes con síndrome hipereosinofílico puede tener infiltración gastrointestinal, por lo que la gastroenteropatía eosinofílica debe sospecharse en todo paciente con dolor abdominal y eosinofilia periférica, no obstante, esta última no siempre está presente, siendo necesario un diagnóstico histopatológico.

In 2008, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the routine childhood immunization program in Uruguay, with a 2+1 schedule. In 2010, PCV13 replaced PCV7, and the same 2+1 schedule was used. The effect of these pneumococcal vaccines on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections (IPD) and on serotype distribution was analyzed retrospectively, based on passive national laboratory surveillance.Data from 1,887 IPD isolates from 5 years before and 5 years after PCV7 introduction (7 before and 3 after PCV13 introduction) was examined to assess the incidence rate per 100,000 age-specific population of all IPD, PCV7-serotypes, and PCV13-serotypes associated IPD among children < 2 years and 2 to 4 years old, and patients ≥ 5 years old. Trends of frequency for each serotype were also analyzed.Comparison of pre-vaccination (2003-2007) and post-vaccination (2008-2012) periods showed a significant decrease in IPD incidence among children < 2 years old (IR 68.7 to IR 29.6, p

Se realizó un estudio no experimental, trasversal y exploratorio con una selección no probabilística de 120 trabajadores migrantes de una localidad del Estado de México con la finalidad de establecer la confiabilidad y la validez de un instrumento que midió ocho dimensiones de la salud ocupacional. A partir de la estimación de parámetros de confiabilidad y validez ⌠alfa = 0,771; χ2 = 135,23 (35gl) p = 0,000; KMO = 0,793: 23% y 20% de la varianza explicada para el primer y segundo factor⌡ se encontraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre variables que explicarían la salud ocupacional conformada por expectativas de lecto-escritura con oportunidades esperadas (r = 0,687; p = 0,001), éstas últimas con capacidades (r = 0,667; p < 0,05) y éstas con bienestar subjetivo (r = 0,578; p < 0,05). A partir de la revisión de la literatura se advierte la inclusión de variables normativas y valorativas que explicarían cuatro rutas lógicas de salud ocupacional.