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Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades play important roles in eukaryotic defense against various pathogens. Activation of the extracellular ATP (eATP) receptor P2K1 triggers MAP kinase 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) phosphorylation, which leads to an elevated plant defense response. However, the mechanism by which P2K1 activates the MAPK cascade is unclear. In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, P2K1 phosphorylates the Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 (ILK5) on serine 192 in the presence of eATP. The interaction between P2K1 and ILK5 was confirmed both in vitro and in planta and their interaction was enhanced by ATP treatment. Similar to P2K1 expression, ILK5 expression levels were highly induced by treatment with ATP, flg22, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and various abiotic stresses. ILK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MAP kinase MKK5. Moreover, phosphorylation of MPK3/6 was significantly reduced upon ATP treatment in ilk5 mutant plants, relative to wild-type (WT). The ilk5 mutant plants showed higher susceptibility to P. syringae pathogen infection relative to WT plants. Plants expressing only the mutant ILK5S192A protein, with decreased kinase activity, did not activate the MAPK cascade upon ATP addition. These results suggest that eATP activation of P2K1 results in transphosphorylation of the Raf-like MAPKKK ILK5, which subsequently triggers the MAPK cascade, culminating in activation of MPK3/6 associated with an elevated innate immune response.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-12-01 Agricultural Adaptation Council Genome Canada Ontario Genomics Institute Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grain Farmers of Ontario Background: Symbiotic Methylobacterium strains comprise a significant part of plant microbiomes. Their presence enhances plant productivity and stress resistance, prompting classification of these strains as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Methylobacteria can synthesize unusually high levels of plant hormones, called cytokinins (CKs), including the most active form, trans-Zeatin (tZ). Results: This study provides a comprehensive inventory of 46 representatives of Methylobacterium genus with respect to phytohormone production in vitro, including 16 CK forms, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). High performance-liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analyses revealed varying abilities of Methylobacterium strains to secrete phytohormones that ranged from 5.09 to 191.47 pmol mL−1 for total CKs, and 0.46 to 82.16 pmol mL−1 for tZ. Results indicate that reduced methanol availability, the sole carbon source for bacteria in the medium, stimulates CK secretion by Methylobacterium. Additionally, select strains were able to transform L-tryptophan into IAA while no ABA production was detected. Conclusions: To better understand features of CKs in plants, this study uncovers CK profiles of Methylobacterium that are instrumental in microbe selection for effective biofertilizer formulations. Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive Department of Biology Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive Department of Technology Sao Paulo State University Department of Technology Sao Paulo State University Agricultural Adaptation Council: ON-RP3 Genome Canada: ON-RP3 Ontario Genomics Institute: ON-RP3 Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada: RGPIN-2018-05436 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada: RGPIN-2018-05436 Grain Farmers of Ontario: S2013AG04

Considering the contemporary scenario of the brazilian agriculture, one aspect that is very important for the success of this activity is the correct use of phytosanitary products, which plays crucial role on controlling pests, diseases and weeds. In this context, raising awareness and training of both farmers and farm employees are indeed crucial; however, this is not what is commonly seen in most cases leading to environmental contamination, drift and dosage error. This project aimed at performing presential training to correct possible mistakes about spray application and ensure that all of them are solved. Visits and inspections were done on the machines used to spray on the crops. Additionally, it was measure the flow rate of the spray nozzles. In all sprayers were found components malfunctioning and that certainly contributed to possible poor sprays. It was observed that all the machines inspected did not receive inspections or periodic calibrations. The irregular volume of spraying was the major factor to make the classifcation of the machines. To do so, it would require greater awareness of producers and applicators. This study concluded that the periodic inspection of sprayers and operator training for the application still needs more attention and awareness on the part of producers and technical assistance.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Eucalyptus species are widely used in the forestry industry, and a significant increase in the number of sequences available in database repositories has been observed for these species. In proteomics, a protein is identified by correlating the theoretical fragmentation spectrum derived from genomic/transcriptomic data against the experimental fragmentation mass spectrum acquired from large-scale analysis of protein mixtures. Proteogenomics is an alternative approach that can identify novel proteins encoded by regions previously considered as non-coding. This study aimed to confidently identify and confirm the existence of previously unknown protein-coding sequences in the Eucalyptus grandis genome. To this end, we used a modified spectral correlation strategy and a dedicated de novo peptide sequencing pipeline. Upon the strategy used here, we confidently identified 41 novel peptide forms and six peptides containing at least one single amino acid substitution. The most representative genomic class of novel peptides was identified as originating from alternative reading frames. In contrast, no clear single amino acid substitution pattern was identified. Validation of the identifications was carried out using a parallel reaction monitoring approach that provided further mass spectrometry support for the existence of the novel peptide sequences. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022110. Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Technol, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Technol, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil CNPq: 400459/2016-7 FAPESP: 2018/15035-8

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais A ocorrência de estresses bióticos e abióticos cada vez mais frequentes no cenário agrícola, provavelmente serão agravadas em função de mudanças climáticas. Estes fatores serão responsáveis por aumentar desafios na produção de alimentos podendo reduzir a produtividade de grãos no mundo. A alta incidência de percevejos e estresses hídricos são fatores que representam uma ameaça na produção comercial de soja e lentilha. Nesse cenário, programas de melhoramento têm um papel crucial no desenvolvimento de linhagens tolerantes às principais pragas em leguminosas. Devido ao significante ataque de percevejos na cultura da soja, principalmente o percevejo Euschistus heros, que compromete a produtividade de grãos e a qualidade de sementes da cultura, o desenvolvimento de linhagens superiores é necessário. A seleção baseada em correlações positivas entre a produtividade de grãos e maior número de vagens e peso de sementes tem demonstrado ser um importante indicativo da resistência da cultura da soja ao ataque de percevejos. Foram avaliadas 23 linhagens de soja na geração F8 desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Soja da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e quatro cultivares (Msoy 8527, UFUS Xavante, Msoy 8787 e UFUS Milionária) durante a safra 2015/2016 e 16 caracteres agronômicos foram mensurados. As linhagens G1, G2 e G24 apresentaram caracteres agronômicos promissores para a resistência ao percevejo marrom da soja. Outro fator preocupante que pode drasticamente impactar a produtividade de grãos é a ocorrência de estresse hídrico em leguminosas. Uma alternativa para aliviar o efeito negativo da seca, além do emprego do melhoramento genético, é a associação de espécies de plantas com bactérias promotoras de crescimento. Assim, o benefício direto no crescimento de plantas e aumento da tolerância ao déficit hídrico em função de fito hormônios produzidos por bactérias podem minimizar o efeito negativo da falta de água na produção comercial de lentilha. Um experimento no estádio vegetativo foi desenvolvido para avaliar o desempenho de lentilha durante 25 dias de seca. Partes das sementes de lentilha foram inoculadas com a estirpe selecionada de Methylobacterium no momento da semeadura adicionando a solução contendo as bactérias diretamente no solo. Pelas análises de parâmetros morfológicos, biométricos e fisiológicos, o efeito positivo da inoculação em lentilha foi constatado na melhoria do vigor e crescimento de plântulas, absorção de nutrientes (conteúdo de eletrólitos), bem como um melhor aproveitamento de água pelas plantas (maior eficiência no uso da água e menor perda de água nas folhas). Logo, um sustentável inoculante promotor de crescimento, poderia minimizar o efeito negativo da seca no cultivo de lentilha. Assim, o melhoramento de plantas junto ao emprego de tecnologias sustentáveis, poderia minimizar problemas no cenário agrícola como a alta incidência de percevejos na cultura da soja e o estresse hídrico em lentilha. Biotic and abiotic stresses are predicted to raise in the future scenario of agricultural production due to escalated climate change. Those factors are going to be responsible for increasing challenges in crop production, and can possibly lower grain yield worldwide. Consequently, plant exposition to a combination of both biotic and abiotic stresses is more likely to occur in the future. Higher incidence of stink bugs and drought stresses are common issues that pose an additional threat to soybean and lentil crop productions. In this scenario, breeding programs have a crucial role in developing tolerant lines to main pests. Due to the significant attack of stink bugs on soybeans, especially Euschistus heros, which can considerably compromise grain yield and seed quality, the development of superior lines is crucial. The selection based on positive correlations between grain yield and a higher number of pods and weight of seeds has demonstrated to be an important indicator of soybean resistance to stink bug attack. Twenty-three soybean F8 lines developed by the Soybean Breeding Program of Federal University of Uberlândia and four cultivars (Msoy 8527, UFUS Xavante, Msoy 8787, and UFUS Milionária) were evaluated during the growing season of 2015/2016 and 16 agronomic traits were accessed. The lines G1, G2, and G24 are very promising genotypes as they have shown valuable agronomic traits for stink bug resistance. Besides, another concern that can drastically impact crop yields is the occurrence of drought stress. An alternative to alleviate the negative effect of drought, other than genetic breeding, is the association of crop species with beneficial growth-promoting bacteria. Thus, the direct benefit of plant growth and tolerance to drought stress by bacterially produced phytohormones could minimize the negative effect of water scarcity on lentil production. A vegetative stage experiment was aimed to evaluate the performance of lentil plants during 25 day-long period of complete water withdrawal (terminal drought). Lentil seeds were inoculated with Methylobacterium at the time of planting by adding bacterial solution to half of the pots of the experiment. Through the analysis of morphological, biometrical, and physiological parameters, the positive effect of inoculated lentils was to a high extent a result of visibly improved plant vigor, plant growth, nutrient uptake (electrolyte content), as well as optimized water management parameters (WUE, LWL). Consequently, a sustainable growth enhancer of bacterial origin could lower the negative effect of drought on lentil cultivation. Thus, plant breeding and sustainable technologies together could minimize concerning issues in the agricultural scenario such as the high incidence of stink bugs in soybeans and drought stress in lentils. Dissertação (Mestrado)

The soybean crop has a substantial importance for Brazil’s agribusiness and economy. Besides, breeding programs have contributed to the development of the crop in the country allowing grain yield increase and, at the same time, intensifying the production of new cultivars that show both yield predictability and wide adaptation. This study was aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of soybean genotypes in the states of Maranhao, Piaui, Tocantins, and Bahia. The genotypes were evaluated to the extent of grain yield in the municipalities of Chapadinha (MA), Balsas (MA), Bom Jesus (PI), Porto Nacional (TO), and Formoso do Rio Preto (BA) under complete randomized block design, with three repetitions. Data were submitted to joint analyses and to studies of adaptability and stability by Wricke (1965), Eberhart and Russel (1966), and Annicchiarico (1992) methods. The genotypes UFUS 504, UFU 506, UFU 508, UFU 512, UFU 514, UFU 516, UFU 518, UFU 519, UFU 520, UFU 521, UFU 523, and UFUS Imperial showed wide stability and adaptability, whereas UFU 503, UFU 505, and UFUS Impact were adapted to favorable conditions.

Knowledge of genetic diversity is of great importance to the contribution of plant breeding, as it helps plant breeders to better selecting parents for establishment of segregating populations. This knowledge is especially important to crops that presents a narrow genetic base as soybean. The objective of this work was to assess agronomic performance and genetic diversity of lines and soybean cultivars, in order to find those ones with potential to be used as parents in breeding programs. Experiment was carried out during 2015/2016 season in the Federal University of Uberlândia farm known as Capim Branco. A randomized complete block designed was applied in order to assess twenty-three morpho-agronomic features on twenty-four soybean genotypes. Significant genetic variability for all agronomic traits was found. Genotypes UFU B7, UFU B14, UFU B16, Msoy 6101 and UFUS 7910 were set as early maturity soybean, with life cycle duration ranging from 107.3 to 111 days. Genotypes UFU B1, UFU B3, UFU B8 and UFU B16 presented productivity values higher than national average of 2.870 kg ha-1. Genotypes were clustered by UPGMA, Tocher and canonical variables methods. Both UPGMA and Tocher methods formed four groups. NDF was the major contributor to genetic diversity. Hybridizations between UFU B3, UFU B8, UFU B16 genotypes with UFU B1 genotype might be promising for establishment of segregating populations shown superior genetic variability. Under these circumstances, it was concluded that agronomic features assessed were useful on detection of parents with potential to UFU's soybean breeding program. O conhecimento da diversidade genética é de grande importância para o melhoramento de plantas, pois auxiliam os melhoristas na escolha de genitores para formação de populações segregantes, especialmente na cultura da soja que é de base genética estreita. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a diversidade genética de linhagens e cultivares de soja, com potencial de serem utilizados como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área experimental localizada na Fazenda Capim Branco pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia na safra de 2015/2016. Foram avaliados 24 genótipos de soja, em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, nos quais foram avaliados 23 caracteres morfo-agronômicos. Foi verificada variabilidade genética para todos os caracteres agronômicos. Os genótipos UFU B7, UFU B14, UFU B16, Msoy 6101 e UFUS 7910 foram classificados como genótipos de ciclo precoce, com duração variando de 107,3 a 111 dias. Os genótipos UFU B1, UFU B3, UFU B8 e UFU B16 apresentaram produtividade elevadas em relação aos demais com valores superiores à média nacional, que é de 2.870 kg ha-1. Os genótipos foram agrupados pelos métodos UPGMA, Tocher e variáveis canônicas. Pelos métodos UPGMA e Tocher foram formados quatro grupos distintos. O NDF foi o caractere que mais contribuiu com a diversidade genética. Hibridações dos genótipos UFU B3, UFU B8 e UFU B16 com o genótipo UFU B1 são promissoras para obtenção de populações segregantes com variabilidade genética superior. Desse modo concluiu-se que o uso de caracteres agronômicos permitiu detectar genitores potenciais para o programa de melhoramento de soja da UFU.&nbsp

Defining selection criteria is important to obtain promising genotypes in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic traits and to perform soybean line selection using selection indices. The experiment was conducted at an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. A total of 37 soybean genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replicates, in which twelve agronomic traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance, the Scott-Knott test at the 1 and 5% level of probability, and selection index analyses were performed. There was genetic variability for all agronomic traits, with medium to high levels of genotype determination coefficient. Twelve lines with a total cycle up to 110 days were observed and grouped with the cultivars MSOY 6101 and UFUS 7910. Three lines, UFUS FG 03, UFUS FG 20, and UFUS FG 31, were highlighted regarding grain yield with higher values than the national average of 3072 kg/ha. The direct selection enabled the highest trait individual gains. The Williams (1962) index and the Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943) index presented the highest selection gain for the grain yield character. The genotype-ideotype distance index and the index of the sum of ranks of Mulamba and Mock (1978) presented higher values of total selection gain. The lines UFUS FG 12, UFUS FG 14, UFUS FG 18, UFUS FG 25, and UFUS FG 31 were distinguished as superior genotypes by direct selection methods and selection indexes.

The goals of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits, to perform path analysis, having as main character grain yield, and to identify indirect selection criteria for grain yield. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, which belongs to Federal University of Uberlândia, during the growing season of 2015/2016.Twenty-four soybean genotypes were evaluated under randomized complete block design with three repetitions, of which agronomic traits and grain yield were measured. There was genetic variability for all traits at 5% probability level through the F-test. Thirty significant phenotypic correlations were also observed with values oscillating from 0.42 to 0.87, which indicated a high level of association between some evaluated traits. Additionally, we verified that phenotypic and genotypic correlations were essential of the same direction, being the genotypic ones of superior magnitudes. Plants with superior vegetative cycle had longer life cycles; this fact could be explained by the significant phenotypic correlations between the number of days to the blooming and number of days to maturity (0.76). Significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations for the total number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant (0.84) were observed. Through the path analysis, the trait that contributed the most over grain yield was the number of pods with three seeds as it showed the highest direct effect on grain yield per plant, as well as a strong indirect effect on the total number of pods. Therefore, the phenotypic and genotypic correlations suggested high correlations between grain yield and number of branched nodes, the number of pods with two and three seeds, and the total number of pods. Also, the path analysis determined the number of pods with three seeds as having the highest favorable effect on grain yield, and thus, being useful for indirect selection toward productive soybean genotypes.

In order to obtain the certificate of cultivar protection, it is necessary to prove its distinctiveness, homogeneity, and stability. Currently, there are 37 descriptors for differentiating soybeans cultivars. However, they are still not enough and, as a result, it is necessary to create, identify, and evaluate new descriptors. This study was aimed at evaluating the genotypic and environment interaction (GxE) and determining the stability of eight soybean cultivars for five vegetative-stage descriptors. The research was done in a greenhouse of the Soybean Breeding and Genetic Studies Program of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. The treatments were composed of eight soybean cultivars, sown in two different growing seasons (January 25, 2014 and November 27, 2014). The experiments were carried out in randomized complete blocks with three replications and each experimental plot consisted of one pot with four soybean plants. The characters evaluated were: length of hypocotyl (LH), length of epicotyl (LE), length of unifoliolate leaf petiole (LUP), length of first trifoliate leaf petiole (LTLP), and rachis length of terminal leaflet of the first trifoliate leaf (RL). The data achieved from the trials were undergone genetic-statistical analyses by the GENES software. For all analyzed characters, the existence of genetic variability was observed emphasizing the vegetative-stage descriptors' utility to differentiate soybean cultivars. The occurrence of GxE interaction was detected for all characters assessed, mainly of complex nature, except by RL, which was of simple nature. The most stable cultivars for the vegetative-stage descriptors analysed were UFUS 7415 and UFUS Impacta.