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Background and purpose Innovative delivery of research education and training in pharmacy education improves student perception of, and involvement in, professional pharmacy research. The purpose of this project was to utilize a flipped-classroom video technology approach to introduce our Capstone research experience and to assess the impact of the video technology on student's perceptions of pharmacy research. Educational activity and setting Faculty recorded one-min videos that provided an overview of current research. Each video included a research introduction, explanation of student incorporation into research, and impact of research on the field of expertise. Students were assigned to review faculty videos. To assess impact of the videos on students' perceptions of research, t-tests compared five variables before and after students watched the videos. These variables included research curiosity, research interest, research inspiration, research motivation, and pharmacy research interest. Findings Across all students, no differences were detected. A statistically significant interaction emerged that suggested prior pharmacy experience may impact research curiosity, interest, and inspiration. Summary: Findings demonstrated that the impact of research videos on pharmacy students' attitudes and perceptions towards research may depend on students' past experiences in a pharmacy setting. Further research is needed to identify factors that impact students' perceptions of pharmacy research. The information from this study provided our faculty members with valuable insights that can be used to better prepare students in the laboratory, classroom, and beyond.

To measure changes in student professionalism from co-curricular activities.A prospective cohort study followed first-year pharmacy students at The University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy. Students completed one co-curricular activity each semester. Learning was assessed using the RxPro VALUE rubric and Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT) at the beginning and end of the first professional year. The RxPro VALUE rubric included six domains (connections to experience, lifelong learning, diversity of communities and cultures, civic identity and commitment, empathy, and reflection and self-assessment) and was rated from 0 (not yet applied) to 4 (exemplary). The PAT contained 33-items in five domains (reliability, responsibility, and accountability; lifelong learning and adaptability; relationships with others; upholding principles of integrity and respect; and citizenship and professional engagement) and was rated from 1 (knows) to 5 (teaches) (maximum score = 165).Mean scores on the RxPro VALUE rubric increased (p 0.05) from baseline to end of year in five domains: connections to experience (1.44 vs. 2.07), diversity of communities and cultures (1.75 vs. 2.3), civic identity and commitment (1.34 vs. 2.33), empathy (1.44 vs. 2.37), and reflection and self-assessment (1.53 vs 2.19). No significant changes were seen in PAT scores from baseline (M = 114.19, standard deviation = 32.832) to end of year (M = 119.56, standard deviation = 29.63, p = 0.35).The RxPro VALUE rubric detected growth in professional behaviors among first-year doctor of pharmacy students, while no significant change was observed in the PAT.

Although human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are preventable and treatable at early stages, health disparities in HPV-associated cancer outcomes continue to exist among Hispanic populations. Hispanics residing along the U.S.–Mexico border face barriers distinct from other geographically dispersed populations within the United States. The current research aimed to explore perspectives and lived experiences of survivors and caregivers of HPV-associated cancers in El Paso, Texas, to inform intervention development and health practices to increase preventive services among populations residing on the U.S.–Mexico border region. A mixed-method approach was employed using a semi-structured interview guide with Quality of Life (QOL) scales with ( N = 29) survivors and caregivers of HPV-associated cancers. Content analysis was used to extract themes and descriptive statistics were reported for quality of life. Five major themes were identified: (1) barriers to preventive services and treatment; (2) role of health care providers in diagnosis and care; (3) treatment challenges, support systems, and challenges associated with caregiving; and (4) HPV prevention and health recommendations from survivors and caregivers. Finally, given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an additional theme was explored on accessibility to health and human services. QOL scales suggested better overall physical health and spiritual well-being in survivors and fear of reoccurrence among caregivers and survivors. The current research highlights the role of health care providers and human service professionals in the promotion of health practices of at-risk populations by increasing health literacy among cancer patients and caregivers, and exploring experiences, challenges, and messages caregivers and survivors had regarding HPV prevention.

Perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in a predominantly Hispanic patient population from the Texas-Mexico Border.Collin Amundson, PharmD, Jeri J. Sias, PharmD, MPH , and Gabriel Frietze, PhD Background Compared with nationwide averages, Hispanic individuals have experienced lower routine vaccination rates and have been disproportionately hospitalized for COVID-19. Few, if any, studies have examined the health beliefs surrounding the COVID-19 vaccines and adult vaccines among this population. Objectives 1) Describe perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in a predominantly Hispanic patient population in a federally qualified health center (FQHC) situated on the US-Mexico Border; and 2) Compare patient confidence in recommendations made by local clinic and government to obtain adult and COVID-19 vaccines. Methods A bilingual (English/Spanish) written survey was administered to participants recruited from a convenience sample of patients in waiting areas of four clinic sites in a federally qualified health center (FQHC) system on the Texas-Mexico border between March and May 2021. Survey items were derived from the Health Belief Model and captured beliefs surrounding perceived effectiveness, perceived harms, protection from the influenza vaccine, trust in local clinic, and trust in the government. Results Fifty-eight participants aged 19 to 90, with a mean age of 57.28 years, completed the survey between March – May 2021, with 77.6% of respondents indicating they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves. Results revealed a trend among older adults in the study cohort to be more likely to trust the government in recommending vaccines than younger adults (r=0.33, p=

Purpose The study assessed the relationships between sociodemographics, mental health, and prospective changes in loss of control over eating (LOCE). Methods Sixty-nine participants (Mage = 39.81 years, SD = 12.25; 49.3% female) completed a survey assessing sociodemographics, mental health, and LOCE at three time points. Results A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between the Wave 1 and Wave 3 LOCE. Mixed between-within subjects ANOVAs revealed a main effects of time, essential worker status, and mental health constructs. Interaction effects were observed for sex, anxiety, and stress with time. Conclusion Findings provide insight into eating behaviors during COVID-19.

While marijuana use rates are significantly high within college students, less is known about use patterns and correlates in Latinx groups. This study assessed the relationships between ever use and frequency of use of marijuana, polysubstance use, expectancies, motives, and mental illness symptoms among Latinx college students (

Objective. To evaluate the stress and health-related quality of life experienced by native and non-native English-speaking students enrolled in a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program. Methods. This study assessed PharmD students at a single institution using a self-administered online questionnaire. The primary outcome of the study was a comparison of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores. Secondary outcomes were the Medical Outcome Study SF-12 Health Questionnaire scores. An independent samples t test was conducted to compare differences between non-native and native English speakers for both primary and secondary outcomes. Results. The following three criteria were used to evaluate the language status of a student: whether the student preferred to speak English (91/113 participants), whether their primary caregiver as a child spoke English at home (63/113 participants), and whether the student usually thought in English (90/113 participants). Evaluation of the primary outcome of PSS score and secondary outcome of SF-12 mental and physical health revealed no significant differences between native and non-native English speakers based on the three language-related criteria. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that the native language spoken by a pharmacy student was not directly associated with an increase in stress or decrease in quality of life for students in a PharmD program. However, the survey results did indicate that experiencing more stress correlated with a decrease in students’ mental health-related quality of life, which indicates the need for further research to identify students at risk for a decrease in mental health-related quality of life during pharmacy education.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, and the prevalence rate of infections is approximately 79 million. Research investigating HPV vaccine acceptability has primarily focused on female populations. The current study investigates factors associated with HPV vaccine acceptability in an underrepresented population within the literature, Hispanic males. Ninety-seven male participants ( M age = 21.68 years; SD = 3.97) were recruited from a large urban university along the U.S./Mexico border to complete a 15- to 20-minute survey. More than half of the sample reported to have had a sexual experience within the past 12 months and a fifth of these participants reported that they never use protection such as condoms. Furthermore, about half of the sample reported that they did not receive the HPV vaccine or were unaware if they received the HPV vaccine. A strong correlation emerged between individual vaccine risk perceptions and family vaccine risk perceptions ( r = .82; p < .001). The following factors emerged as predictors of vaccine acceptability: having recommendations from health care providers, having a family with positive attitudes toward vaccines, and having a family that perceives less risks associated with vaccines. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Background: Past research has focused on understanding influenza vaccine acceptance in non-Hispanic white populations; however, research on the social causes of influenza vaccine acceptance rates in Hispanic populations is slowly developing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess theoretically driven predictors (i.e. attitudes, perceptions, behaviors, etc.) on influenza and the intention to vaccinate. Methods: A survey was administered to assess predictors of intentions to receive the influenza vaccine. The survey included items adapted from the National Flu Survey. Results: Key constructs common in models of health behaviors emerged as predictors of behavioral intentions to receive the flu vaccine. Recent vaccination within the past year ( P < 0.001), perceived effectiveness of the flu vaccine ( P < 0.004), and perceived safety of the flu vaccine ( P = 0.009) were predictors of intentions to vaccinate. Exploratory analyses revealed that government distrust was a statistically significant predictor of intentions to vaccinate ( P = 0.044). Conclusion: The above results have important implications for health-care providers and public health educators. The better we understand the relationship between theoretically driven predictors and vaccine behaviors, the more educators and health-care providers can focus on meaningful, culturally sensitive, targeted-vaccine education.

Objective This study investigated the impact of a new mortality salience (MS) manipulation on the intentions of young adults to drive a motor vehicle while texting or using a cell phone. Methods Four hundred and eight participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Participants in the MS condition were shown a color photograph of a gravesite and tombstone on which the participant’s name was inscribed. Participants in the quasi-MS condition viewed a color photograph of a grave site and tombstone on which the participant’s family name was inscribed. Participants in the two remaining non-MS conditions viewed color photographs depicting scenes unrelated to death. A 10-item scale assessed the extent to which a participant’s self-image was linked to their cell phone use. The 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) served as the distractor task, enabling images of death to fade from conscious awareness prior to completing the dependent measures. Results Both mortality salience manipulations increased negative attitudes toward driving while using a cell phone (DWCP) and decreased DWCP behavioral intentions. A subsequent test of an interaction between experimental condition and self-image scores on DWCP attitudes and intentions was non-significant. Conclusion Public health campaigns that personalize the risk of DWCP and link images of death to one’s own health threatening behavior may increase negative attitudes towards DWCP and reduce DWCP intentions even after these images fade from conscious awareness. This finding is based on a new method of increasing mortality salience, which has implications for future morality salience research, terror management theory, and the development of risky driving interventions.

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern that affects many Latinx couples. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess acculturation as a predictor of IPV among Latinxs and subgroup analyses to evaluate the effect size by gender and type of acculturation measure. Method: The meta-analysis implemented the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to retrieve studies assessing the relationship between acculturation and intimate partner victimization among foreign-born and U.S.-born Latinx adults. A fixed effects model (FEM) and a random effects model (REM) were employed. Additional subgroup analyses examined the strength of the relationship by gender and type of acculturation measure. Results: The meta-analysis included 27 independent effect sizes across 21 studies. An REM yielded a weighted average correlation of .11 (95% confidence interval [.02, .20]). The strength of the correlation differed by scale and ranged from −.003 to .47. For both men and women, higher acculturation was associated with increased IPV. Conclusions: Our results yielded three important findings: (1) the overall effect of acculturation on IPV is relatively small, (2) acculturation differentially influences male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence, and (3) the strength of the correlation between acculturation and IPV differs by scale. This body of work provides evidence for the effect of acculturation on IPV, with potential implications for interventions targeting Latinxs.

Research on health among Latinos often focuses on acculturation processes and the associated stressors that influence drinking behavior. Given the common use of acculturation measures and the state of the knowledge on alcohol-related health among Latino populations, the current analyses tested the efficacy of acculturation measures to predict various indicators of alcohol consumption. Specifically, this quantitative review assessed the predictive utility of acculturation on alcohol consumption behaviors (frequency, volume, and quantity). Two main analyses were conducted-a p-curve analysis and a meta-analysis of the observed associations between acculturation and drinking behavior. Results demonstrated that current measures of acculturation are a statistically significant predictor of alcohol use (Z = -20.75, p

Objectives Most national-level data regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and allies (LGBTQIA) immunizations are limited. The primary objective of this study was to identify factors that influence behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions toward the uptake of the influenza vaccine within the Hispanic LGBTQIA community. Methods This was a prospective survey that assessed vaccine acceptability and practices regarding the influenza vaccine within the LGBTQIA community. Collection of data occurred through the use of social media platforms from July 2016 to May 2018. A total of 126 participants (mean age 32.03 ± 11.68 years) completed a 15-minute, 26-item, English/Spanish survey. A number of outcome measures assessed perceptions of vaccine effectiveness and safety. In addition, perceived severity of influenza symptoms and perceived susceptibility to contract influenza was assessed. Results A logistic regression model assessed the impact of several factors on influenza vaccine uptake. Perceived susceptibility of contracting influenza from the vaccine (P = 0.015) and perceived ease of receiving the influenza vaccine (P = 0.005) were the strongest predictors of vaccine uptake. Results showed no association between disclosure of sexual orientation and influenza immunization uptake (χ2 = 3.55; P = 0.17). Exploratory analyses revealed that non-Hispanic patients were more likely to perceive that their health care providers were aware of their sexual orientation compared with Hispanic patients (χ2 = 8.66; P = 0.013). Conclusion Several factors emerged as predictors of influenza vaccine uptake in the LGBTQIA population. Further studies are needed to explore additional factors such as disclosure of sexual orientation and variation of uptake based on vaccine type (STD vs. non-STD vaccines).

Background: The Essure® (Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Leverkusen, Germany) female sterilization procedure entails using a hysteroscope to guide a microinsert into the Fallopian tube openings. Failed placement can lead to patient dissatisfaction, repeat procedures, unintended or ectopic pregnancy, perforation of internal organs, or need for subsequent medical interventions. Additional interventions increase women's health risks, and costs for patients and the health care industry. Demonstrated successful placement rates are 63%–100%. To date, there have not been any systematic analyses of variables associated with placement rates. Objectives: The aims of this review were: (1) to estimate the average rate of successful bilateral Essure microinsert placement on first attempt; and (2) to identify variables associated with successful placement. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on 64 published studies and 19 variables. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all published studies between November 2001 and February 2015 were reviewed. The studies were taken from from PubMed and Google Scholar, and by using the the “snowball” method that reported variables associated with successful bilateral Essure placement rates. Results: The weighted average rate of successful bilateral microinsert placement on first attempt was 92% (0.92 [95% confidence interval: 0.904–0.931]). Variables associated with successful placements were: (1) newer device models; (2) higher body mass index; and (3) a higher percent of patients who received local anesthesia. Conclusions: The data gathered for this review indicate that the highest bilateral success rates may be obtained by utilizing the newest Essure device model with local anesthesia in heavier patients. More standardized data reporting in published Essure studies is recommended. (J GYNECOL SURG 31:308)