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This article contains the edition and preliminary discussion of the writing-tablet EA 29558 kept at the British Museum. The document, written in hieratic, comes from the Hay collection and was purchased by the Museum in 1868. A followed translation is offered as well as a dating (mid-18th dynasty). This accounting document shows a circuit of production and distribution of the srm.t-beverage, most probably within the Theban region.

Les techniques dans le soin sont de multiples natures : techniques de suppléance, de dérivation et de monitorage, techniques psychocorporelles et de confort, techniques de savoir-faire et de savoir-être, et enfin, techniques sortant du champ de la médecine. Le spectre d’enfants relevant de soins palliatifs est large, incluant les enfants en fin de vie comme les enfants ayant une maladie grave et complexe évoluant dans la chronicité. Quelle que soit la situation, la décision de recourir à une technique ou de l’arrêter doit être régulièrement questionnée, tout au long du parcours de soins de l’enfant. Les repères qui guident ce perpétuel questionnement sont les indications et les contre-indications, la faisabilité, les bénéfices attendus, les contraintes attendues (physiques, psychologiques, sociales, matérielles) et les risques à prévoir (iatrogénie, inefficacité, obstination déraisonnable). Au fil des décennies, la technique a acquis une place indéniable en soins palliatifs pédiatriques. Elle doit cependant rester au service du confort et de la qualité de vie pour un enfant donné et à un moment donné, malgré les incertitudes et les regards croisés qui peuvent parfois diverger. Cette place mérite également d’être questionnée, à l’échelon individuel comme à l’échelon collectif, en particulier lorsqu’elle vient rejoindre les questions de la justice distributive, de pratiques sortant des habitudes, ou de la recherche et de l’innovation.

Les essais thérapeutiques de phase précoce se sont multipliés pour les maladies neurodégénératives pédiatriques incurables actuellement. Chez ces enfants, l’essai thérapeutique est la première voire l’unique proposition potentiellement curative. Pourtant, l’incertitude sur l’évolution demeure et les patients et leurs familles sont confrontés à la survenue d’une dégradation lente et évoluant vers un polyhandicap. Ces enfants, malgré l’inclusion dans un essai thérapeutique, relèvent toujours d’une prise en charge palliative. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser le recours aux équipes de soins palliatifs chez des enfants atteints de maladie neurodégénérative inclus dans un essai thérapeutique.

Approcher les modalités de l’acculturation des équipes pédiatriques à la démarche palliative par les équipes ressources régionales de soins palliatifs pédiatriques, identifier leurs activités dans l’accompagnement des enfants et de leur famille, distinguer leurs lieux d’intervention, mettre en avant les problématiques rencontrées par ces équipes.

Identifier les pratiques d’accompagnement de fin de vie au sein des établissements médicosociaux accueillant des enfants et adolescents polyhandicapés, connaître les ressources dont disposent les professionnels de ces établissements et celles qu’ils sollicitent, présenter les problématiques rencontrées par ces professionnels sur le terrain.

193nm ArF immersion microlithography has been used widely in high-volume manufacturing, and it is considered to be the main solution below 32 nm node until extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography becomes ready. Laser systems are now enlarging its function and capability to meet various applications. In this paper we report a newly developed solution for focus drilling technique applied to increase the depth of focus (DoF) for patterning contacts, vias and trenches. The laser light is stabilized at any E95 in the range from 0.3 pm to 2.5 pm, where E95 is defined as the width of the spectral range that contains 95% of the integrated spectral intensity. The high-range bandwidth is realized by introducing a newly developed line narrowing module (LNM) in the oscillator resonator. The bandwidth is measured with the on-board Fabry-Perot etalon and well controlled. This technique is easy upgradable to Gigaphoton latest GT62A-1SxE with the flexible output power (60W - 90W) and stabilized spectrum (E95=0.3pm). In comparison to another focus drilling technique where the large DoF is achieved by tilting a wafer stage during scan, the increase of the bandwidth of light source has much smaller impact on the required performance of the scanner such as productivity, overlay and critical dimension uniformity (CDU). In the paper we present the data that indicate the increases in DoF with broadening of the laser spectrum as well as imaging and overlay results obtained at high bandwidth.

We demonstrate an experimentally simple and high-spectral-resolution version of spectral interferometry (SEA TADPOLE) that can measure complicated pulses (in time) at video rates. Additionally, SEA TADPOLE can measure spatial information about a pulse, and it is the first technique that can directly measure the spatiotemporal electric field [E(x,y,z,λ)] of a focusing ultrashort pulse. To illustrate and test SEA TADPOLE, we measured E(λ) of a shaped pulse that had a time-bandwidth product of approximately 100. To demonstrate that SEA TADPOLE can measure focusing pulses, we measured E(x,λ) at and around the focus produced by a plano-convex lens. We also measured the focus of a beam that had angular dispersion present before the lens. We have found that SEA TADPOLE can achieve better spectral resolution than an equivalent spectrometer, and here we discuss this in detail, giving both experimental and simulated examples. We also discuss the angular acceptance and spatial resolution of SEA TADPOLE when measuring the spatiotemporal field of a focusing pulse.

We discuss the problem of measuring the intensity and phase of a broadband continuum in a single shot, considering three possible methods, and perform preliminary measurements using one of them. Our measurements use transient-grating cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (TG XFROG) with a third-order nonlinear medium, which currently can phase match over 300 nm simultaneously. We demonstrate this technique for a continuum generated in bulk fused silica that is 12.5 mm thick. Due to limited reference-pulse energy, we do not achieve a true single-shot measurement, instead averaging over approximately five shots. The retrieved trace and spectrum contain fine structure, and the retrieved temporal phase is mainly quadratic.

We show that a simple (few-element) arrangement for wavelength-multiplexed digital holography allows the measurement of the electric field E(x,y,t) of a femtosecond laser pulse on a single shot. A slightly rotated two-dimensional diffractive optical element and a variable-wavelength filter together generate multiple spectrally resolved digital holograms that are simultaneously captured in a single frame by a digital camera. An additional simultaneous measurement of the spectral phase for a spatially filtered replica of the pulse with frequency-resolved optical gating completes this three-dimensional measurement. An experimental implementation of the technique is presented and its current limitations are discussed.

Children ultimately diagnosed with nonimmune chronic thrombocytopenia are often referred to pediatric hematology clinics with a provisional diagnosis of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP). The authors' aim was to establish in these patients the features characterizing the mechanism of thrombocytopenia.

A resurgence of interest in the concept of live-donor renal transplantation has prompted a closer look at methods of live donor evaluation, selection, and follow-up. The aim of this study was to describe these methods in all 46 French renal transplant centres.

La base de données du Sniiram est un outil récemment mis à disposition des chercheurs en France. Même si elle comporte peu de données médicales, cette base apporte des possibilités importantes de description des populations, des prises en charge et d’identification des parcours de soins. Elle constitue donc une opportunité de mieux identifier les parcours de fin de vie des enfants (parcours mal connus en France). L’équipe Ressources en soins palliatifs pédiatriques d’Île-de-France, PALIPED, a une mission d’intégration de la démarche palliative dans la pratique de l’ensemble des professionnels de santé confrontés à la maladie grave, évolutive ou terminale en pédiatrie. Pour cette équipe, la connaissance des parcours et des prises en charge est essentielle.

Directorate-General XII of the European Union has always supported the integration of different kinds of S&T indicators. This resulted in the publication of the first report of S&T indicators in 1994 and the second one in 1997. Despite major efforts in this second report to bring together all different kinds of S&T input and output indicators at the European, national, regional and even enterprise level, there is still a large gap between the needs of the policy-makers and the existing indicators. Why? There is a well recognised evolution from a ‘linear’ to an ‘integrated’ science and innovation system. This calls for new indicators of connections, interactivity, linkage, in short, for a new family of ‘systemic indicators’. This paper also covers how this evolution is taken into account by key actions at the European level.