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Rome, Contains fulltext : 294789.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

FSCD 2023, Contains fulltext : 294792.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

People experiencing homelessness usually face social isolation because of relationship breakdown and social stigma. Women represent a minority and experience more psychological distress compared to men. Only a few homelessness services implement group-based interventions that aim at the social re-integration of people experiencing homelessness. The present research aims to provide empirical evidence supporting the use of group-based intervention to promote trust and social connectedness among women experiencing homelessness. The intervention consisted of 10 open-ended group meetings conducted by a female psychologist-facilitator who stimulated the expression and sharing of feelings within the group. A total of 13 women living in a shelter in Italy participated in the intervention. The evaluation procedure consisted of two methodologies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the beginning and the end of the intervention and structured observations were implemented during group meetings. The observation of group dynamics confirmed the benefits of the intervention documenting a transition from isolation and self-reference to trust and social connectedness. The results of the interviews showed that women moved from (T1) loneliness, scepticism and passive desire to (T2) connection with others, care, and confident objective. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of lines of action for services for homeless women.

Objective. Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU) has an addictive potential for young users. The aim of this study was to show the prevalence of PSMU across Italian regions and its association with health complaints. Materials and methods. Data are gathered from the Italian 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey using a representative sample of Italian adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years (50.6% males). Participants completed self-administered questionnaires assessing PSMU and health complaints. Results. PSMU affects 8.9% adolescents in Italy and the prevalence is quite consistent across regions. 13-year-olds girls showed the highest percentage of PSMU (13%). Problematic users of social media are more likely to report multiple somatic (OR = 1.84 [95% CI 1.82-1.85]) and psychological (OR = 2.60 [95% CI 2.58-2.63]) symptoms. Conclusions. PSMU represents a widespread problem in Italy. National prevention interventions are needed in order to promote a positive use of social media.

Objective. The aim is to describe dietary habits and their association with socio-demographic characteristics in a large nationally representative sample of Italian adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years. Materials and methods. Data from the 2018 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey on 58,976 adolescents were analysed to determine eating habits. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between incorrect dietary habits and potential predictors. Results. 38.3% of boys and 48.1% of girls skipped breakfast and 54.1% did not consume fruit and/or vegetables daily. 15.9% of boys and 11.3% of girls drank carbonated-sugary beverages at least once a day. Incorrect dietary habits were more common among boys, adolescents with lower socio-economic conditions, residents in Southern Italy and those spending more time watching TV. Italian adolescents were more likely to have incorrect dietary habits compared with those from most other countries involved in 2018 HBSC. Conclusions. Action is needed to improve dietary habits among adolescents.

Melanophlogite (type I clathrate) has a microporous framework of corner sharing SiO4 tetrahedra, which can host guest gases. Here, a multi–analytical approach has been employed to understand the phase transitions with temperature and the degassing behaviour of a melanophlogite sample, which contains CO2 together with minor CH4 amount as enclathrated molecules.Synchrotron powder diffraction data collected between 110 and 380 K (ESRF, ID22 beamline) show a clear splitting of the major peaks up to about 360 K. Le Bail analysis shows that the low temperature phase is monoclinic, changing to cubic at ∼370 K. Landau theory analysis indicates that the transition is second order, with Tc = 369(1) K. Moreover, significant volume strain related to the phase transitions accounts for the lower thermal expansion at higher temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry shows evidence of a further phase transition between 220 and 250 K. The transition is confirmed by powder diffraction, with a change in slope in the b unit cell parameter and in volume expansion in the same temperature range. High temperature X-Ray powder diffraction between 313 and 673 K shows that thermal expansion decreases with temperature, possibly in relation with a structural rearrangement within the cubic structure during degassing. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that degassing of the guest gases begins at 450 K, and occurs at a higher rate above 750 K, but it is not completed even at T = 1273 K. Melanophlogite confirms to be a good host carrier for the gases, with gas loss only at higher temperature. Moreover, as degassing occurs with almost no thermal expansion, it could open promising application for its mechanical stability during degassing.

Contains fulltext : 245452.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Item does not contain fulltext, The complexity of homeless service users' characteristics and the contextual challenges faced by services can make the experience of working with people in homelessness stressful and can put providers' well-being at risk. In the current study, we investigated the association between service characteristics (i.e., the availability of training and supervision and the capability-fostering approach) and social service providers' work engagement and burnout. The study involved 497 social service providers working in homeless services in eight different European countries (62% women; mean age = 40.73, SD = 10.45) and was part of the Horizon 2020 European study "Homelessness as Unfairness (HOME_EU)." Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), findings showed that the availability of training and supervision were positively associated with providers' work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. However, results varied based on the perceived usefulness of the training and supervision provided within the service and the specific outcome considered. The most consistent finding was the association between the degree to which a service promotes users' capabilities and all the aspects of providers' well-being analyzed. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for how configuration of homeless services can promote social service providers' well-being and high-quality care.

Having single atoms or small clusters docked onto a single layer graphene represents a charming feature for energy-storage and catalysis. Unfortunately, the large cohesion energy of transition metals often prevents the isolation of nanoscopic clusters, which invariably tend to aggregate. The decoration of defective graphene layers with single Pt atoms and sub-nanometric clusters is herein achieved by exploiting metal carbonyl clusters, as precursor, and investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, the process of aggregation of Pt into larger clusters is inhibited onto the surface of defective graphene, where the Pt-clusters are found to fragment even into single metal atoms.

Contains fulltext : 215823.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVES: To examine the lifetime, 5-year and past-year prevalence of homelessness among European citizens in eight European nations. DESIGN: A nationally representative telephone survey using trained bilingual interviewers and computer-assisted telephone interview software. SETTING: The study was conducted in France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: European adult citizens, selected from opt-in panels from March to December 2017. Total desired sample size was 5600, with 700 per country. Expected response rates of approximately 30% led to initial sample sizes of 2500 per country. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History of homelessness was assessed for lifetime, past 5 years and past year. Sociodemographic data were collected to assess correlates of homelessness prevalence using generalised linear models for clustered and weighted samples. RESULTS: Response rates ranged from 30.4% to 33.5% (n=5631). Homelessness prevalence was 4.96% for lifetime (95% CI 4.39% to 5.59%), 1.92% in the past 5 years (95% CI 1.57% to 2.33%) and 0.71% for the past year (95% CI 0.51% to 0.98%) and varied significantly between countries (pairwise comparison difference test, p<0.0001). Time spent homeless ranged between less than a week (21%) and more than a year (18%), with high contrasts between countries (p<0.0001). Male gender, age 45-54, lower secondary education, single status, unemployment and an urban environment were all independently strongly associated with lifetime homelessness (all OR >1.5). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of homelessness among the surveyed nations is significantly higher than might be expected from point-in-time and homeless service use statistics. There was substantial variation in estimated prevalence across the eight nations. Coupled with the well-established health impacts of homelessness, medical professionals need to be aware of the increased health risks of those with experience of homelessness. These findings suppor

Ammonia has been proposed as an indirect hydrogen carrier, as solid-state ammonia-storage could be easier than directly absorbing hydrogen in materials. Here we investigate the structural evolution of hyper-ammoniated lithium fullerides (ND3)yLi6C60 during ammonia desorption, using in-situ high intensity neutron powder diffraction. In (ND3)yLi6C60, ammonia molecules are stored in their neutral state inside the inter-fullerene interstices and are coordinated to the intercalated Li ions, forming Li-ND3 clusters. Li6C60 is found to absorb up to 36.8 wt% ND3, which corresponds to approximately 14 ammonia molecules per C60. The ammonia release, studied either in-situ or ex-situ by means of manometric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry, takes place in two main steps, at 350-410 K and 500-540 K, respectively. This corresponds to two clear 1st order structural phase transitions and the absorption process is partially reversible. These findings suggest that the system could be a good candidate for ammonia-storage applications.

Two chemically synthesized defective graphene materials with distinctly contrasting extended structures and surface chemistry are used to prepare sodium-ion battery electrodes. The difference in electrode performance between the chemically prepared graphene materials is qualified based on correlations with intrinsic structural and chemical dissimilarities. The overall effects of the materials' physical and chemical discrepancies are quantified by measuring the electrode capacities after repeated charge/discharge cycles. Solvothermal synthesized graphene (STSG) electrodes produce capacities of 92 mAh/g in sodium-ion batteries after 50 cycles at 10 mA/g, while thermally exfoliated graphite oxide (TEGO) electrodes produce capacities of 248 mAh/g after 50 cycles at 100 mA/g. Solid-state 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is employed to locally probe distinct sodium environments on and between the surface of the graphene layers after charge/discharge cycles that are responsible for the variations in electrode capacities. Multiple distinct sodium environments of which at least 3 are mobile during the charge-discharge cycle are found in both cases, but the majority of Na is predominantly located in an immobile site, assigned to the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Mechanisms of sodium insertion and extraction on and between the defective graphene surfaces are proposed and discussed in relation to electrode performance. This work provides a direct account of the chemical and structural environments on the surface of graphene that govern the feasibility of graphene materials for use as sodium-ion battery electrodes.