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20. Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production

Author

Baumgard, Lance H., Rhoads, Robert P., Rhoads, Michelle L., Gabler, Nicholas K., Ross, Jason W., Keating, Aileen F., Boddicker, Rebbeca L., Lenka, Sangeeta, Sejian, Veerasamy, Sejian, Veerasamy, editor, Naqvi, S.M.K., editor, Ezeji, Thaddeus, editor, Lakritz, Jeffrey, editor, and Lal, Rattan, editor

Published
2012
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21. Does environmental feeder enrichment for weaned pigs drive feeder usage and improve final body weight?

Author

Fortney, Daytona, Sundman, Emiline R., Gabler, Nicholas K., Millman, Suzanne T., and Johnson, Anna K.

Abstract

Transition from the sow to nursery pens is a stressful time for pigs and commonly leads to postweaning anorexia and growth check. This can have negative impacts on pig health, welfare, and lifetime performance. The objective of this study was to test the relationship between enrichment use and feeder use immediately post-weaning on final nursery pig body weight (BW). At arrival, 29 mixed-sex pigs (Camborough 1050 X 337, PIC), 19 to 24d of age, were randomly sorted into 3 pens (~0.29 m2/pig) at the Iowa State University Swine Nutrition Farm. Each pen was equipped with a 4-hole, dry self-feeder measuring 0.6 m long. Each pen had two enrichment devices, consisting of one cotton rope and two biscuits, suspended from the feeder at pig height. Biscuits were replaced daily. Total number of interactions with the enrichment and feeder were collected at the individual pig level. All pigs were continually observed for two 1 h periods (h 1 and the h 6 after biscuit replacement) each day over wk 1 (d 0 – d 6). A pig was considered interacting with enrichment if its snout contacted the rope or enrichment biscuit. A pig was considered interacting with the feeder if 1) its head was over the feeder tray, and 2) its nose down in the feeder. Both enrichment and feeder interactions were considered terminated if the pig ceased active interaction for 3 s or more. Behaviors were summed together by time period and day for each pig. Individual BW were taken at the end of the 42-d nursery study. After the nursery trial was completed, the 29 pigs were allocated to a light BW treatment (n = 14) and a heavy BW treatment (n = 15) using the final average BW (24.22 kg) of the. Pigs with a final BW lighter than the group average were assigned to the light treatment, while pigs with a heavier BW than average were assigned to the heavy treatment. T-tests were conducted for enrichment and feeder interactions by final BW group and the pig was the experimental unit. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. There were no observed differences between final pig body weight treatments and the enrichment and feeder interactions over the first week of nursery (P ≤ 0.87). Numerically, there were more overall enrichment interactions than feeder interactions for both BW treatments over wk 1 (Table 1). In conclusion, this enrichment device was of biological interest to the pigs, but other factors impact feeder usage in the first week and need to be considered in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Evaluation of digestively resistant or soluble fibers, short- and medium-chain fatty acids, trace minerals, and antibiotics in nonchallenged nursery pigs on performance, digestibility, and intestinal integrity

Author

Kerr, Brian J, primary, Trachsel, Julian M, additional, Bearson, Bradley L, additional, Loving, Crystal L, additional, Bearson, Shawn M D, additional, Byrne, Kristen A, additional, Pearce, Sarah C, additional, Ramirez, Shelby M, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K, additional, Schweer, Wesley P, additional, Helm, Emma T, additional, and De Mille, Carson M, additional

Published
2022
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29. Undergraduate Certificate in Dairy Cattle Production Management

Author

Jackson, Christen G., primary, Bundy, Jennifer, additional, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Sterle, Jodi A., additional, Cunnick, Joan, additional, Greiner, Laura L, additional, Bobeck, Elizabeth, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, and Lonergan, Steven M., additional

Published
2022
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30. Acute infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae affects mucin expression, glycosylation, and fecal MUC5AC.

Author

Susanne Je-Han Lin, Helm, Emma T., Gabler, Nicholas K., and Burrough, Eric R.

Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever, MUCUS, MUCINS, GLYCOSYLATION, DIETARY fiber, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, NUCLEIC acid hybridization
Abstract

Introduction: Infection with strongly b-hemolytic strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae leads to swine dysentery (SD), a production-limiting disease that causes mucohemorrhagic diarrhea and typhlocolitis in pigs. This pathogen has strong chemotactic activity toward mucin, and infected pigs often have a disorganized mucus layer and marked de novo expression of MUC5AC, which is not constitutively expressed in the colon. It has been shown that fucose is chemoattractant for B. hyodysenteriae, and a highly fermentable fiber diet can mitigate and delay the onset of SD. Methods: We used lectins targeting sialic acids in a-2,6 or a-2,3 linkages, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a-linked L-fucose, and an immunohistochemical stain targeting N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) to investigate the local expression of these mucin glycans in colonic tissues of pigs with acute SD. We used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify fecal MUC5AC in infected pigs and assess its potential as a diagnostic monitoring tool and RNA in situ hybridization to detect IL-17A in the colonic mucosa. Results: Colonicmucin glycosylation during SD has an overall increase in fucose, a spatially different distribution of GlcNAc with more expression within the crypt lumens of the upper colonic mucosa, and decreased expression or a decreased trend of sialic acids in a-2,6 or a-2,3 linkages, and NeuGc compared to the controls. The degree of increased fucosylation was less in the colonic mucosa of pigs with SD and fed the highly fermentable fiber diet. There was a significant increase in MUC5AC in fecal and colonic samples of pigs with SD at the endpoint compared to the controls, but the predictive value for disease progression was limited. Discussion: Fucosylation and the impact of dietary fiber may play important roles in the pathogenesis of SD. The lack of predictive value for fecal MUC5AC quantification by ELISA is possibly due to the presence of other non-colonic sources of MUC5AC in the feces. The moderate correlation between IL-17A, Frontiers in neutrophils and MUC5AC confirms its immunoregulatory and mucin stimulatory role. Our study characterizes local alteration of mucin glycosylation in the colonic mucosa of pigs with SD after B. hyodysenteriae infection and may provide insight into host-pathogen interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Evaluation of digestively resistant or soluble fibers, short- and medium-chain fatty acids, trace minerals, and antibiotics in nonchallenged nursery pigs on performance, digestibility, and intestinal integrity

Author

Kerr, Brian J., Trachsel, Julian M., Bearson, Bradley L., Loving, Crystal L., Bearson, Shawn M. D., Byrne, Kristen A., Pearce, Sarah C., Ramirez, Shelby M., Gabler, Nicholas K., Schweer, Wesley P., Helm, Emma T., De Mille, Carson M., Kerr, Brian J., Trachsel, Julian M., Bearson, Bradley L., Loving, Crystal L., Bearson, Shawn M. D., Byrne, Kristen A., Pearce, Sarah C., Ramirez, Shelby M., Gabler, Nicholas K., Schweer, Wesley P., Helm, Emma T., and De Mille, Carson M.

Abstract

Nonantibiotic in-feed additives have limited effects on performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal function when supplemented to diets fed to nursery pigs. Lay Summary In-feed antimicrobials have been an important technology in swine production for protecting health and supporting growth. However, with legislative restrictions on the use of most antibiotics for growth promotion, research is needed to evaluate in-feed additives in replacing this growth promoting technology. Thus, strategies to enhance energy and nutrient digestibility, intestinal function and integrity, gastrointestinal volatile fatty acid concentrations, and microbial ecology in nursery pigs are desirable targets. The results of the three experiments conducted herein do not indicate that supplementing diets with digestively resistant but fermentable fibers, short-medium-chain fatty acids, or antibiotics have a consistent positive or negative effect on markers of intestinal integrity or barrier function, VFA patterns (ileal, cecal, or colon), ATTD of energy and nutrients, or pig performance. Three experiments (EXP) were conducted to determine the effect of feed additives on performance, intestinal integrity, gastrointestinal volatile fatty acids (VFA), and energy and nutrient digestion in nonchallenged nursery pigs. In EXP 1, 480 pigs (6.36-kg body weight, BW) were placed into 96 pens with 5 pigs/pen, and allotted to 1 of 10 dietary treatments: 1) negative control containing no feed additive (NC), 2) NC + 44 mg chlortetracycline and 38.5 mg tiamulin/kg diet (CTsb), 3) NC + 5% resistant potato starch (RSpo), 4) NC + 5% soluble corn fiber (SCF), 5) NC + 5% sugar beet pulp (SBP), 6) NC + 0.30% fatty acid mix (FAM), 7) NC + 0.10% phytogenic blend of essential oils and flavoring compounds (PHY), 8) NC + 50 mg Cu and 1,600 mg zinc oxide/kg diet (CuZn), 9) NC + 5% resistant corn starch (RScn), and 10) NC + 0.05% beta-glucan (BG) for 28 d. There was no impact of dietary treatment on BW gain or feed

Published
2022

44. Behavioral Associations during a Novel Object Test and Performance of Barrows Divergently Selected for ResidualFeed Intake

Author

Azarpajouh, Samaneh, primary, Colpoys, Jessica, additional, Arkfeld, Emily, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, Johnson, Anna K., additional, Dekkers, Jack C. M., additional, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Lonergan, Steven M., additional, Patience, John F., additional, and Stalder, Kenneth J., additional

Published
2018
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45. Behavioral Associations during a Human Approach Test and Performance of Barrows Divergently Selected for ResidualFeed Intake

Author

Azarpajouh, Samaneh, primary, Colpoys, Jessica, additional, Arkfeld, Emily, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, Johnson, Anna K., additional, Dekkers, Jack C. M., additional, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Lonergan, Steven M., additional, Patience, John F., additional, and Stalder, Kenneth J, additional

Published
2018
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47. Undergraduate Certificate in Poultry Production Management

Author

Bobeck, Elizabeth, primary, Bundy, Jennifer, additional, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Sterle, Jodi A., additional, Cunnick, Joan, additional, Jackson, Christen G., additional, Greiner, Laura L, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, and Lonergan, Steven M., additional

Published
2021
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48. Undergraduate Certificate in Beef Cattle Production Management

Author

Bundy, Jennifer, primary, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Sterle, Jodi A., additional, Cunnick, Joan, additional, Jackson, Christen G., additional, Greiner, Laura L, additional, Bobeck, Elizabeth, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, and Lonergan, Steven M., additional

Published
2021
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49. Undergraduate Certificate in Swine Production Management

Author

Bundy, Jennifer, primary, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Sterle, Jodi A., additional, Jackson, Christen G., additional, Greiner, Laura L, additional, Bobeck, Elizabeth, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, and Lonergan, Steven M., additional

Published
2021
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50. Undergraduate Certificate in Equine Science and Management

Author

Auwerda, Peggy M., primary, Ferwerda, Nicole S., additional, Paxton, Jill, additional, Bundy, Jennifer, additional, Huff-Lonergan, Elisabeth J., additional, Sterle, Jodi A., additional, Cunnick, Joan, additional, Jackson, Christen G., additional, Greiner, Laura L, additional, Bobeck, Elizabeth, additional, Gabler, Nicholas K., additional, and Lonergan, Steven M., additional

Published
2021
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