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This research employed a mixed-methods approach to explore the best practices of ordinary national educational testing (O-NET) to improve the quality of basic education. The methodology was divided into four phases, the first of which was a survey and analysis of the current situation at ONET. The sample group was made up of representatives of the school under the office of the basic education commission (OBEC), primary education, comprising the school administrators and teachers teaching in four subjects. Phase 2, "multiple case study," is qualitative research by selecting specific case studies for 10 primary schools based on criteria for selection and collecting data through in-depth interviews. A semi-structured interview form was completed by 30 key informants. Phase 3, the synthesis (draft) of best practices, and phase 4, the checking and proposing of best practices by 25 assessors. The results showed the best practices in using the test results of O-NET to improve the quality of basic education were 4 components: i) school management (16 practice guidelines); ii) learning management (10 practice guidelines); iii) student promotion (6 practice guidelines); and iv) parent communications (3 practice guidelines). The best practices were in accuracy, propriety, feasibility, and utilization; all were at the highest level.

Coursebooks have become the most prominent English learning materials, especially in formal education. Therefore, recursive evaluation should be conducted to adjust the coursebook based on the current needs and learning goals. Moreover, dynamic evaluation brings interaction or mediation with a genuine act of teaching to make the evaluation more meaningful and substantial. However, limited resources are available, especially the ones that could help the teacher evaluate vivid steps dynamically. This study fulfills the need for a coursebook, especially ELT, evaluation method by following the research and development design proposed initially by Dick and Carey that many experts have simplified. The design was constructed from a sequence of steps, namely ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Thirty participants conducted an evaluation phase based on the product trial evaluadesign, followed by a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data were gathered using a questionnaire and the interview guidelines. The instruments were developed based on the ideal coursebook criteria. They are shaped in quantitative and qualitative forms and analyzed using Creswell's data analysis technique. Thus, a set of evaluation methods was designed: SQRAR (Survey, Question, Read, Analyse, and Recommend). The design benefits the teachers by allowing them to evaluate the coursebook systematically and effectively. Survey results demonstrate strong consensus among English teachers, advocating for urgent development of such evaluation models. Implementation of the SQRAR model involves detailed stages emphasizing thorough evaluation and constructive feedback, with micro and macro evaluation options discussed. The model ensures comprehensive evaluation, consistency, and alignment with learning objectives and provides clear recommendations for coursebook improvement.

The importance of enhancing social and emotional skills in educational settings has gained prominence, with many countries and organizations embracing the Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) framework to equip individuals with the tools needed for shaping a self-identity, emotional regulation, goal achievement, empathy, nurturing relationships, and responsible decision-making and overall well-being. In this paper, we aim to connect the globally acknowledged Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning SEL framework with international policies that underscore the importance of social and emotional skills in the school context. To accomplish this goal, we first provide a brief overview of the key components of the SEL framework. Subsequently, we explore two significant educational policies within the European context. The first policy is the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools initiative. We present its objectives, a WHO-affiliated program example, the promoted and assessed competencies of students, and its results, connecting its framework with the CASEL SEL approach. The second focus is the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Study on Social and Emotional Skills, describing its developmental process and the assessment framework. Finally, we describe the alignment of SEL with these European educational policies and illustrate their role in advancing and improving the evaluation of SEL initiatives in educational environments.

This research investigates the integration of Urban Environmental Quality, Materials and Resource Management, and Green and Sustainable Environment within the international maritime education framework at Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran (STIP Jakarta/ Maritime Institute of Jakarta). The study explores cadet experiences in Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management Majors, analysing theoretical foundations, curriculum satisfaction, practical training, and the incorporation of Environmental Science elements. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data is gathered through document analysis and self-reported reflections from 100 randomly selected cadets. The findings reveal distinct dynamics across majors, indicating a strong alignment between theoretical foundations and curriculum satisfaction. However, variations exist in the emphasis on practical training and the integration of Environmental Science elements. Port and Shipping Management Majors stand out with a notable commitment to sustainability principles, while Nautical and Technical Majors show potential areas for enhancement. The implications for future research underscore the need for ongoing refinements in curricula to address the evolving demands of the maritime industry. The study contributes to the scholarly discourse on international maritime education, providing insights for academic institutions to foster environmentally conscious and globally competent maritime professionals.

This paper explores recent advancements and implications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, with a specific focus on Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT 3.5, within the realm of higher education. Through a comprehensive review of the academic literature, this paper highlights the unprecedented growth of these models and their widereaching impact across various sectors. The discussion sheds light on the complex issues and potential benefits presented by LLMs, providing a comprehensive overview of the field's current state. In the context of higher education, the paper explores the challenges and opportunities posed by LLMs. These include issues related to educational assessment, potential threats to academic integrity, privacy concerns, the propagation of misinformation, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) aspects, copyright concerns and inherent biases within the models. While these challenges are multifaceted and significant, the paper emphasises the availability of strategies to address them effectively and facilitate the successful adoption of LLMs in educational settings. Furthermore, the paper recognises the potential opportunities to transform higher education. It emphasises the need to update assessment policies, develop guidelines for staff and students, scaffold AI skills development, and find ways to leverage technology in the classroom. By proactively pursuing these steps, higher education institutions (HEIs) can harness the full potential of LLMs while managing their adoption responsibly. In conclusion, the paper urges HEIs to allocate appropriate resources to handle the adoption of LLMs effectively. This includes ensuring staff AI readiness and taking steps to modify their study programmes to align with the evolving educational landscape influenced by emerging technologies.

The Ministry of Education in Malaysia has been appointed to be one of the leaders in the innovation landscape with the responsibility to facilitate the adoption of quadruple helix (QH) across institutions of higher learning in Malaysia (IHL) to accelerate the commercialization of IHL technology. However, it was reported that the adoption of QH in Malaysia still needs to be more extensive and widespread, especially in IHL. This paper aims to study the effects of psychological and external factors on adopting QH by applying the theory of reasoned action (TRA). This paper proposes a conceptual model and research hypothesis to understand further the role of psychological and external factors in influencing the adoption of QH. The conceptual model may help explain the phenomenon of low engagement in the adoption of QH among academics in Malaysia and may be used as a guideline to develop a strategic plan for promoting the adoption of QH among academics.

The study proposes a balanced approach and flexible guidelines for incorporating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into university-level teaching and learning processes at both the university-departmental level and within individual academic autonomy. Building on the AI Ecological Education Policy Framework, the guidelines offer a suggestive frame of reference for faculty and students to integrate generative AI into their coursework. Furthermore, feedback from 118 students and 14 academics at a teacher education institution in the Philippines underscores the guidelines' potential benefits, concerns, usefulness, and necessity in their academic undertakings. While the policy may not cover every detail exhaustively, it seeks to provide practical and context-sensitive recommendations for ethical, honest, responsible, and fair use of AI in course development, implementation, and student engagement. Consequently, other higher education institutions in general, and academics in particular, may adopt and/or modify the guidelines to suit their positions, goals, needs, and directions.

Research on higher education community engagement (HECE) rarely places university or institutional voices in conversation with the community partners' voices. Boundary-spanning frameworks such as Weerts and Sandmann's (2010) for universities and Adams's (2014) for community partners help boundary spanners, but such models draw boundaries between community and university spanners and the beneficiaries of their work. Contrary to a resource-based view of value creation, which posits that organizations with more resources create more value, beneficiary-centric views see the beneficiary as central to value creation (Lepak et al., 2007). In this essay we incorporate a beneficiary-centric lens into HECE boundary-spanning practices to advance a critical theory of value creation that considers for whom, for what, and to what effect beneficiaries may create value (Le Ber & Branzei, 2010). We advocate for an integrated framework that unites university and community partners and places the beneficiary at the center of all engagement efforts.

The procedures of carrying out factorial invariance to validate a construct were well developed to ensure the reliability of the construct that can be used across groups for comparison and analysis, yet mainly restricted to the frequentist approach. This motivates an update to incorporate the growing Bayesian approach for carrying out the Bayesian factorial invariance, as well as the frequentist approach, using the recent add-on R packages to show the procedures systematically for testing measurement equivalence via multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The practical procedure and guidelines for carrying out factorial invariance under MCFA using a classic empirical example are demonstrated. Comparison between the frequentist and the Bayesian procedures and demonstration using priors are another two nuclei of the paper.

Academic writing has been a widely substantial course in higher education as it plays a vital role in cultivating students' academic writing skills. Drawing on qualitative descriptive study, this study aims to explore the fundamental requirements for academic writing to base the creation of an effective learning framework. Data consisted of teaching materials, semester learning plan (SLP), assessment tools, and guidelines for academic writing from three universities in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Findings reveal that learning materials and the SLP have both strengths and weaknesses. Despite these, there is diversity in learning and assessment methods. Adopted teaching methods encompass project-based learning, problem-solving, and lectures, while learning assessment includes portfolio techniques, project assessment, and written exams. These findings provide insight into the imperative of academic writing in the academic setting. This serves as a basis for the development of more effective learning methods. Thus, the proposed model for academic writing adopts a project-based approach to improve students' writing by integrating indigenous wisdom to promote students' character development.

This article describes a new questionnaire, the "Diagnostic Inventory for Self-Regulated Language Learning" (DISLL), for assessing self-regulated learning strategies of students of English as an additional language. We discuss self-regulated learning models, evaluate existing questionnaires for assessing language learners' self-regulated strategy use, and present a rationale for the DISLL. We explain Zimmerman's (2000) three-phase model, adapted with simplified phase names: "planning, doing," and "reflecting." Every DISLL phase starts with a brief scenario to help learners judge how often they employ each strategy in that phase. Already completed are a review of the DISLL 1.0 by 18 international researchers, the step-by-step creation of the DISLL 1.1, and the profiling of vocabulary in the DISLL 1.1 to ensure the simplicity necessary for intermediate-level learners. We present an argument-based validation framework, to be supported by piloting the DISLL 1.2 in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Poland and even broader piloting of the DISLL 1.3. Statistical analyses will involve quantitative methods, e.g., exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory composite analysis. At least one site will also use qualitative think-aloud protocols. The DISLL will be released into the public domain for free use after version 1.3.

This study aimed to present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 1,726 academic studies from among those indexed by the Web of Science database platform between 2013 and 2023, to provide a general framework for the concept of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd). Trends in publications and citations across countries, institutions, academic journals, and authors were identified, as well as collaborations among these elements. Several bibliometric analysis techniques were applied, and for each analysis, the motivations behind the execution and method of producing findings were documented. Our findings showed that the number of studies on the concept of AIEd has increased significantly over time, with the U.S. and China being the most common countries of origin. Institutions in the U.S. stand out from those around the world. Pioneering journals in education have also emerged as prominent in the field of AIEd. On the other hand, collaboration between authors has been limited. The study was supplemented with keyword analysis to reveal thematic AIEd concepts and to reflect changing trends. For those exploring artificial intelligence in education, our insights on popular topics offer valuable guidance toward greater understanding of the latest advancements and key research areas.

The study determined the extent of the special science curriculum implementation in public secondary schools in the Division of Rizal for the school year 2022-2023. This research employed a descriptive survey design to determine the assessment of the teachers and school heads on the program's implementation. The findings revealed a commendable adherence to guidelines in admission and retention processes, garnering high ratings from respondents. However, the lower rating for student transfers from regular to SSC classes signals a need for enhancement. Regarding Curriculum and Instruction, there is a solid commitment to critical thinking and 21st-century skills; however, a lower rating for scientific research suggests a targeted need for improvement. For Learning Resources and Facilities, concerns arise regarding the science laboratory's functionality and the library's overall state. Regarding Faculty Development, the mean is lower for providing opportunities for training and seminars on research and advanced subjects, suggesting a need for improvement. There is no significant difference between the perceptions of the two groups of respondents regarding the extent of implementation of the Special Science Curriculum in terms of the different aspects. In general, teachers and school heads perceive the overall implementation of the Special Science Curriculum as a High Extent.

Given the significant global influence of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Teaching, Learning, and Assessment (CEFR) on English language education, this study deals with aligning a university's academic reading tests to the CEFR. It aimed at validating the test construct of the academic reading tests in relation to the proficiency levels defined by the CEFR. The study employs two standard setting procedures outlined in the CEFR Manual: the Familiarization procedure and the Specification procedure, to explore the CEFR level of the academic reading tests as well as the prominent characteristics of the reading texts and the test items in terms of their level and key features. Three academic reading tests were randomly selected. The CEFR Content Analysis Grid for Reading was employed to characterize the content of test items and test tasks. The results indicated that 9 out of 18 reading texts were estimated to correspond to the B2 CEFR level. Texts estimated as B1 and C1 levels were evenly distributed, and none of the reading texts were classified as A1 or C2 levels. Moreover, the findings demonstrated a significant prevalence of B2 and B1 level items. Specifically, B2 items represented the largest proportion at 31.88%, closely followed by B1 items at 25.12%.

With the onset of COVID-19, colleges and universities moved to emergency remote teaching, and instructors immediately adjusted their curricula. Many instructors adapted or developed new online lessons that they subsequently published as Open Educational Resources (OERs). While much has been examined related to how entire course designs evolved during this period, the same attention has not been paid to how individual lessons were structured to meet online learners' needs. As such, we evaluated OER lessons for the integration of universal design for learning (UDL) guidelines and active learning strategies. We evaluated OER lessons published in "CourseSource," which is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on biology lessons implemented in undergraduate classrooms and provides the necessary details and supporting materials to replicate the lesson. We found that biology instructors used a variety of UDL guidelines and active learning strategies to encourage student learning and engagement in online teaching environments. This study also provides a collection of OER online lessons that instructors and educational developers can use to inform the practice of engaging biology students.

This research aims to compare the social studies curricula of Thailand and New York State, USA, analyze their similarities and differences, and propose guidelines for improving the Thai social studies curriculum. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, using documentary analysis of the Thai Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551 (Revised B.E. 2560) in the social studies, religion, and culture learning area, and the New York State K-12 Social Studies Framework. The findings revealed that the social studies curricula of Thailand and New York State differ in many aspects, including their fundamental philosophies, goals for student development, curriculum structures, learning content, and instructional approaches. The Thai curriculum emphasizes cultivating morally good citizens with a love for the nation, while the New York curriculum focuses on developing knowledgeable, skilled citizens who actively participate in a democratic society. In today's rapidly changing world, the development of Thailand's social studies curriculum should foster 21st-century skills, digital citizenship, and a sense of global citizenship among learners while maintaining Thai identity and values. Policy-level recommendations include creating a new vision, designing a flexible curriculum, developing online platforms, and integrating artificial intelligence. At the practical level, suggestions include creating community learning innovations, using the city as a classroom, developing a competency-based curriculum, and building learning communities with local partners.

Recently, ChatGPT, a cutting-edge large language model, has emerged as a powerful Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tool with the capacity to influence education. ChatGPT provides ample opportunities for learners, researchers, educators, and practitioners to achieve the intended learning outcomes in various disciplines. This special issue examines the diverse applications and implications of GenAI tools including ChatGPT in education, highlighting their potential to enhance teaching and learning across various contexts. Key findings from seventeen studies collected in this special issue demonstrate that GenAI tools can significantly improve educational outcomes by providing personalized feedback, facilitating language learning, and supporting both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The findings emphasize GenAI's capacity to increase learner engagement and motivation, yet also underscore the need for robust ethical guidelines and human oversight due to potential issues with privacy, bias, and accuracy. This special issue also highlights the challenges GenAI faces, such as limitations in contextual understanding and its impact on critical thinking skills. In addition, it provides a foundational framework for exploring effective and responsible GenAI integration, aiming to enrich educational experiences. We conclude that future research should focus on the longitudinal effects of GenAI tools on learning outcomes, developing ethical frameworks for their use, and ensuring their adaptability to diverse learner populations to promote inclusive educational practices.

This study examines the realities and challenges of internationalizing administrative staff in Japanese universities empirically due to the increasing globalization of higher education. The functions and roles of the administrative staff from the policy perspective, with the implementation of mandatory staff development (SD) and reforms to the standards for establishing universities, have been considered. This study attempts to describe the following three aspects: the international nature, working and training overseas experience, and administrative staff's educational background. The open data were obtained from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science website. The results of revealed that acquired insights can also become useful inputs for developing university policies concerning recruitment guidelines, methods, staff training, and "human capital development" in Japanese universities. This finding contributes to the policy making and SD of the internationalizing administrative staff in various countries in terms of foreign nationality, oversea experience, and educational background.

The purposes of research were to comparison of digital technology used for the instructional management during the COVID-19 pandemic during the New Normal period and the endemic COVID-19 during Next Normal period adopted by pre-service teachers; and to develop the landscape of digital technology used for instructional management during the New Normal and the Next Normal periods adopted by pre-service teachers. The participants included 400 pre-service teachers. The research tool was an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. The results showed the comparison of digital technology for the instructional management in the New Normal and the Next Normal as follows. Regarding the New Normal, the finding were: (a) some websites and applications such as Google Meet, Line, YouTube, and Facebook Messenger were used to communication with students; (b) some websites and applications, namely Google classroom, MS Teams, Moodle, and Thaimooc were used to send and receive student's works; (c) some learning management systems, namely Google classroom, MS Teams, Moodle, and Thaimooc were used; (d) some digital media libraries such as YouTube, Trueplookpanya, DLTV, Satellite Distance Education Foundation, SciMath Knowledge Library, and IPST were used; (e) some online measurement and evaluation tools such as Google Forms, Kahoot, Quizizz, and Microsoft Forms were used and (f) some teaching guidelines and tools, like Video assignment, General Activities, and Attendance be used later. Regarding the Next Normal, the finding were: (a) some websites and applications were used to communicate with students, including Line, Facebook, Messenger, Youtube and Google classroom; (b) some websites and applications like Line, Facebook Messenger, YouTube, and Google classroom were used to send and receive student's assignments; (c) some learning management systems like Google classroom, MS Teams, Moodle, Edmodo, and Thaimooc were also used; (d) some digital media libraries like Google classroom, YouTube, Trueplookpanya, OBEC Content Center -- NEDA, and DLTV (Satellite Distance Education Foundation) were also helpful; (e) some online measurement and evaluation tools like Google Forms, Kahoot, Quizizz, and Microsoft Forms were also used; and (f) some teaching guidelines and tools like Assignment, Announcements and Update, Student Support, and Grade Book will also be used later. The digital technology landscape consists of 6 parts: (1) the websites and applications used for communication with students; (2) the websites and applications provides for students to submit their assignments; (3) the learning management systems; (4) the digital media libraries; (5) the online measurement and evaluation tools; and (6) the teaching guidelines and tools to be used later.

Nearly all multidimensional models of communication competence have pragmatic competence at their core. Proper assessment of second language (L2) pragmatics makes many demands on L2 teachers, both in terms of understanding the construct and in language test development. Therefore, being assessment literate helps teachers in developing effective tests geared toward educational outcomes. Despite the importance of assessment literacy (AL) for pragmatics, the field is still under-researched. Mindful of this fact and the significance of pragmatics in L2 learning and assessment, this study adopted the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) model of pragmatic competence to examine Iranian L2 teachers' AL for L2 pragmatics and linked the results to the Sociocultural Theory (SCT) for formulating theory-informed answers to the problems in the teachers' assessment of L2 pragmatics. Group interviews were run with 67 participants and then qualitative and quantitative content analyses were performed. The paper discusses the identified problems in the assessment of L2 pragmatics and offers recommendations for raising L2 teachers' AL for L2 pragmatics.

The decline in English majors has energized instructors to upskill for the post-COVID Gen Z student. Toward that end, this small-scale (n=20), one-semester study of an upper-division literature class identifies the preferred learning styles of English majors at a public comprehensive regional university in Kentucky. The participants represent national English major demographics. The research methods are quantitative and qualitative. Eight figures and an appendix are included. Three guidelines emerge for responding to the needs of Gen Z students: (1) keep communication brief, (2) co-create, and (3) interact in-person. The findings about English major learning preferences uphold cross-disciplinary research on active learning in the post-COVID era by indicating ways our teaching styles can keep pace with the needs of our changing majors. In addition to the participants' experience in the investigator's course, the survey collects their experience of teaching styles in six core courses in the English major. One drawback of the study is the small participant sampling. Future studies might investigate the difference between students' preferred learning styles and instructors' actual teaching styles. Building the English major back better calls for putting accepted theory into reskilled practices.

Courses are the fundamental building blocks of educational programs, serving as a tangible representation of student attainment and the desired learning outcomes of the program. Despite their pivotal role in education, however, a standardized framework for the development, implementation, and enhancement of course specifications remains elusive. Given that different programs may employ varying formats with differing levels of detail, it is critical to establish a universal framework that enables instructors to adhere to quality standards at the program level. To this end, leveraging the ASEAN University Network -- Quality Assurance (AUN-QA) and Quality Matters Rubric, this study seeks to optimize course quality assurance requirements and assess lecturers' perception of these proposed guidelines. Drawing on document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and importance-level measurement, the findings of this study underscore the significance of eight criteria, comprising a total of 25 quality requirements, in ensuring course quality. These criteria include learning outcomes, structure and content, instructional approaches, learning assessment, learner support, staff, and output. Notably, these criteria align with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle theory, thereby promoting continuous improvement in education.

The present study aimed to validate a 70-item Korean bilingual version of the Vocabulary Size Test (VST) using Rasch modeling. The goal was to assess the applicability of this Korean version of the VST for Korean learners of English in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context by examining validity evidence based on Messick's framework. Specifically, the study focused on the content, substantive, and external aspects of construct validity. However, the findings provided weak evidence supporting the utility of the VST as a measure of receptive vocabulary for Korean EFL learners. The test was deemed too easy and lacked the ability to effectively differentiate among varying levels of second language proficiency, with many test items exhibiting unexpected behavior. Additionally, the VST showed a weak correlation with another measure of second language proficiency. In light of these findings, the study offers specific recommendations for improving the test's validity and usefulness.

In response to the changing demographics of schools in Canada and to efforts to better equip principals to challenge inequity, leadership preparation programs have adopted new policies focusing on leading with an equity lens. However, studies have demonstrated a disconnect between what is covered in these leadership programs and how school principals actually perceive their ability to lead equitably and work with diverse learners. Six current school principals and vice principals in Ontario, Canada who have successfully completed a Principal Qualification Program course were interviewed to understand their perceptions of the program's ability to prepare them to lead and of concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). The racial experiences and identities of each participant shaped their definitions of EDI as well as their understanding of difference. The findings indicate several critical areas of change for principal preparation programs in Ontario: training guidelines, efforts to prepare educators to be equitable leaders, and the educators' perceptions of their preparedness to lead. Moreover, the use of Critical Race Theory in Education and Applied Critical Leadership helps frame analysis and supports the need to integrate culturally relevant pedagogical practices into leadership preparation programs.

The construction of an organization aims to enhance the performance and versatility of the organization for society. Consequently, as a platform for training human resources, universities have to develop constantly, following the community's insistence. In 2022, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology specified there are 21 state universities with legal entities. The status of a state university with a legal entity presents extensive autonomy in the field of academic, asset, and financial management. Besides, the universities also carry an obligation for university management to develop their institution, which is in accordance with Formal Model of Educational Management by Bush (2011). This model implies that organizations have a hierarchical structure and that predefined goals are pursued using a reasonable way. This study aims to identify the dominant variables for the state university with legal entity development. The method that used in this study is literature review by Tranfield, Denyer, & Smart (2003) with a case analysis involving a number of universities. The analysis results found that the dominant variables in the universities' development included the organization structure, working mechanism or organizational guidelines, the organizational climate and culture, along with the use of technology devices.

The Salar vocal folk music is a unique intangible cultural heritage of the Salar ethnic minority in Qinghai Province, China. The objective of this interdisciplinary study is to investigate the role of education and literacy in the preservation and transmission of Salar vocal folk music in Qinghai Province, China. The research site, Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, serves as a cultural epicenter where Salar traditions have thrived for centuries, providing an authentic setting for immersive fieldwork. Key informants include Salar musicians, educators, community leaders, and government officials who play vital roles in the preservation and transmission of this heritage. Data was collected through participant observation, interviews, and documentation of Salar vocal folk music performances. Musicological analysis and preservation and transmission theory were applied to the data, revealing the historical roots, cultural significance, and current challenges faced by Salar vocal folk music. The study culminates in guidelines for the preservation and transmission of this tradition, emphasizing government support, modernization, education, innovation, diverse communication, and legal safeguards.

The role of ethics becomes even more significant given the huge advent and increase of cyber-criminal activities in cyberspace. It has become an urgent necessity to curb the menace of unethical practices in cyberspace and contribute ethical guidelines to a safe and secure digital environment. To minimize the growth of cybercrimes and unethical issues online, users must understand how existing societal norms and ethics can be extended according to the challenges posed by ethical dilemmas in cyberspace. Hence, understanding the importance of cyber ethics in daily life has become essential than ever before. Cyber ethics implies the rules of social engagement and responsibility in cyberspace; it is really about social responsibility in cyberspace and it is aimed at inculcating knowledge of responsible behavior in man when using the online environment. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of the relevance of cyber ethics education in fostering responsible behavior online.

The arrival of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally different from prior technologies used in educational settings. Educators and researchers of online, blended, and in-person learning are still coming to grips with how to employ current AI technologies in the learning experience, let alone understanding the potential consequences that future and unknown developments in AI will produce. Despite potential risks, AI may revolutionize previous models of teaching and learning, and perhaps create opportunities to realize progressive educational goals. Given the longstanding tradition of using philosophy to examine questions surrounding ethics, ontology, technology, and education, the purpose of this critical reflection paper is to draw from prominent philosophers across these disciplines to address the question: how can AI be employed in future educational contexts in a humanizing and ethical manner? Drawing from the work of Gunther Anders, Michel Foucault, Paolo Freire, Benjamin Bloom, and Hannah Arendt, we propose a framework for assessing the use and ethics of AI in modern education contexts regarding human versus AI generated textual and multimodal content, and the broader political, social, and cultural implications. We conclude with applied examples of the framework and implications for future research and practice.

Mathematical literacy stands as a critical skill imperative for navigating the complexities of the 21st century. Enhancing students' mathematical literacy necessitates comprehensive engagement across the educational landscape. This aligns with the "Guru Penggerak" (GP) initiative, established by the government to serve as educational leaders, propelling the entire educational system forward. Nonetheless, the current GP program needs more specific provisions addressing mathematical literacy, and the existing learning environments for mathematical literacy remain constrained. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a dedicated mathematical literacy learning environment within the GP framework. This study endeavors to create a mathematically literate learning environment that is both valid and practical, potentially impacting the GP program significantly. Employing a design research approach, the study progresses through three key stages: preliminary, prototyping, and assessment. Seven teachers participated as subjects, using data collection methodologies including walkthroughs, observations, questionnaires, and interviews, which were analyzed descriptively. Findings indicate the development of a model for a mathematical literacy learning environment termed D-C-C with the LEPscO framework, which is deemed valid due to its alignment with the PISA framework, Indonesian educational curriculum, and unambiguous language. Moreover, the model proves practical for implementation within the GP program, exhibiting potential effects such as enhanced teacher satisfaction, learning, organizational support, and utilization of new knowledge, alongside improved student outcomes reflecting heightened mathematical literacy proficiency. This research contributes to educational discourse by introducing the LEPscO Framework, encompassing a Digital-Class-Community learning environment, structured learning processes encompassing training, classroom implementation, knowledge sharing, and community development, and targeted learning outcomes focusing on teachers' comprehension and reinforcement of mathematical literacy in education.

This report delineates the outcomes of an intervention conducted with in-service high school educators, focusing on elucidating three distinct scenarios within geometric and arithmetic domains: the infinitely large, infinitely numerous, and infinitesimally close. Grounded in the theoretical framework of conceptual change, it is posited that when an individual exhibits entrenched conceptions, it signifies a misclassification of the pertinent concept, necessitating a categorical shift to effectuate a transformation in their cognitive schema, particularly concerning the notion of infinity. Thus, the principal objective of this investigation was to ameliorate the entrenched conceptions held by educators pertaining to infinity through a workshop-based intervention. Preceding the workshop, educators predominantly exhibited conceptions aligned with natural and potential infinities. However, after the workshop, a discernible transition was observed, with educators engendering an actual conception of infinity or an omega-epsilon position, exemplified by their acceptance of equivalences such as 0.999…=1 and the parity in the cardinality of sets comprising natural numbers, even numbers, and perfect squares. Nonetheless, notwithstanding this progress, confident educators evinced resistance to embracing the concept of actual infinity, particularly in instances such as the hypothetical scenario depicted in Hilbert's Grand Hotel. Consequently, drawing upon the framework of conceptual change theory, it can be postulated that a complete categorical shift was not universally realized among educators due to their reluctance to revise entrenched beliefs concerning natural or potential infinity.

Research confirms that critical thinking plays a fundamental role in decision making and problem solving, skills that are essential to function as successful adults in a complex world. Consequently, it has been a focus of educational research for decades. Faculty meetings and teacher training sessions repeatedly run sessions on ways that teachers can adapt their methodology to foster higher-level thinking. This article discusses the definition of critical thinking and the pivotal role that questioning can have in developing those skills. Out of the hundreds of questions teachers ask daily, few demand higher-level thinking. In fact, most ask for basic information or check for current learning rather than causing students to infer, analyze, evaluate, or demonstrate creativity. Further, the article includes a sampling of teaching techniques adapted from cooperative learning and other disciplines that have the potential to transform the world language classroom into a vibrant, learner-active space where students use critical thinking to solve problems.

Online learning and examinations have become inevitable post-pandemic and a new normal has been seen globally. Virtual learning (VL) is a relatively new model that has grown pervasively in our academic life. The paradigm shift (face-to-face to virtual learning) is inevitable as VLEs like Google Meet, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom, and Skype are realized, but without apprehensions about lacking appropriate experimental and experiential support. Most importantly, the "ergonomics" element influences the health of the stakeholders, particularly kids. Previous research shows the need to address online ergonomic concerns. With the realization of a set of relevant, prescriptive, evidence-based, and adaptive recommendations, a review and research survey were performed. Thus, to address the issue at hand, we developed a sizable set of ergonomic guidelines and proposed a series of recommendations as derived from the study. The set of pertinent ergonomic guidelines covers and caters to each of the identified actors (contents, surrounding environment, the learners) regarding cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains of learning. We highly anticipate that contextual adaptation of these guidelines by online learners will be useful from several perspectives and valuable implications.

This study attempts to replicate Pawlak's (2018) Grammar Learning Strategy Inventory (GLSI). It explores the use of GLSI by Saudi students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in their college preparation year. The re-emergence of GLSI after a long period of neglect is a significant development in Language Learning Strategies. Consequently, due to the shortage of GLSI studies in Arab countries, this study was conducted. Participants were assessed using the GLSI with its four categories of metacognitive, cognitive, affective, and social strategies. 419 EFL students participated in this study. The findings generally showed a high use of grammar strategies in all four categories of GLSI among EFL learners. As a result, a strong, positive, and significant correlation was found between all the categories of strategies. Furthermore, students' Grade Point Average (GPA) did not appear to affect their use of GLS.