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The economic literature on transportation is extensive, with travel demand being a well-studied topic. However, research on light-duty vehicle travel has not fully explored spatial dependencies arising from neighboring regions' driving activities. This study uses state-level panel data from 2000 to 2019 to examine U.S. vehicle miles traveled (VMT), focusing on spatial spillover effects through a Spatial Durbin Model. Our results reveal significant spatial interactions between states. Increased VMT in one state leads to spillover effects, increasing VMT in neighboring states. We present our findings as marginal effects, distinguishing between direct and indirect impacts. The direct price elasticity is estimated at −0.257, with a positive spillover impact of 0.036, yielding a total elasticity of −0.221. Induced travel exhibits a larger indirect effect than a direct effect, resulting in an overall impact of 0.276. Additionally, direct and total income elasticities are 0.194 and 0.146, respectively, while direct and total fuel economy rebound effects are 0.546 and 0.496, respectively. Moreover, higher numbers of licensed drivers, registered vehicles, and urbanization significantly influence a state's VMT. This research highlights the importance of regional planning among states, especially considering transportation infrastructure and environmental concerns related to driving and vehicle emissions. [Display omitted] • Spatial spillover effects significantly influence vehicle miles traveled (VMT) across U.S. states. • Direct price elasticity of VMT is −0.257, with a positive spillover impact of 0.036. • Induced travel has a larger indirect effect (0.148) than direct effect (0.128). • Direct income elasticity of VMT is 0.194, indicating VMT increases with higher disposable incomes. • Rebound effect for fuel economy is 0.546, signifying higher fuel efficiency leads to increased VMT. Higher numbers of licensed drivers, registered vehicles, and urbanization increase VMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the first estimate of the full income distribution in pre‐industrial Sweden (including present‐day Finland). We draw on the schedule and the individual assessments devised by the authorities to distribute the 1613 Älvsborg ransom taxation to estimate income inequality, as well as the income shares of the top quantiles and of various social groups. We find that Sweden was relatively equal compared with other early modern European societies, for two main reasons: first, because the nobility, the clergy, the burghers, and other middle‐rank social groups all held relatively small shares of the total income, and second, because the landless groups were less numerous in Sweden than in other societies. This resulted in a large share of the total income going to the relatively homogeneous group of landed peasants, who made up the majority of the population. Our study thus speaks to the political historiography of early modern Sweden, within which negotiation and collaboration between the landed peasantry and the state has been seen as pivotal to the state formation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) development in West Nusa Tenggara Province aims to accelerate economic growth, especially for people in Pujut District-Central Lombok Regency. This research aims to describe the economic performance of food crop farming in villages around the Mandalika SEZ and its contribution to the economic welfare of farmer households. This research uses descriptive methods, and the data was collected using survey techniques in 3 villages with potential for food crop farming, namely Sengkol, Rembitan, and Sukadana villages. The respondents were 75 farmers. The results showed that food crops in villages around the Mandalika SEZ consist of rice, soybeans, and corn, with low productivity and an R/C ratio of 1.48–2.02. The total income from food crop farming is IDR 7,903,504.28/year or 34.06% of the total household income of farmers. The contribution of food crop farming income to farmer welfare based on the Sajogyo criteria was 41.69%, and based on the World Bank Criteria, it was 18.95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the literature on veteran differences in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupational outcomes by gender is established and veteran/nonveteran differences in STEM outcomes are well studied, we fill a gap in the literature by examining the following two research questions in this study: (1) are rural veterans less likely than urban veterans to be employed in a STEM occupation and how does race/ethnicity modify this relationship; (2) among veterans in a STEM occupation, does total income vary by rural/urban location and race/ethnicity? We retrieved data on employed military veterans (n = 845,467) aged 18 to 65 years from the 2008–2020 American Community Survey. Results showed that rural-dwelling Black and Hispanic veterans were less likely than Whites to be employed in a STEM field. Among veterans employed in a STEM field, rural-dwelling Hispanics had lower annual incomes than Whites. As such, future STEM education programs should target rural-dwelling veterans of color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether and how Social Innovation (SI) can contribute to transformative change, we explored nine Native Seed Collectors Networks (NSCNs) in Brazil. Employing Social Network Analysis, we delved into the organisational structure of four NSCNs. Additionally, we identified five instances of social innovations (SIs) using the guiding questions of the Social Innovation—Forest and Landscape Restoration (SI‐FLR) framework.These networks, which received a total of US$ 12 million in investments from 2018 to 2021, have not only contributed to the production of 180 tonnes of native seeds but also had a significant socioeconomic impact. They have generated a total income of US$ 1.01 million for 997 seed collectors, 46% of whom are from traditional communities and marginalised groups. Furthermore, 55% of these collectors are women, and 23% rely solely on seed collection as their only source of income.While the NSCNs represent a fledgling economy, they have effectively activated local agency capacity. With the support of the NSCNs' social capital, a favourable context and clear motivations, this agency capacity can trigger SIs. By generating positive impacts, these SIs are changing values and empowering local agents (scaling deep), inspiring agents in other geographies (scaling out) and even influencing policies favourable to socially inclusive landscape restoration (scaling up). This three‐dimensional scaling underscores the catalysing power of SI in NSCNs and their potential contribution to transformative change.We also emphasise the role of public bodies in promoting enabling conditions, the vital role of local experimentation and the rarely evidenced local agency capacity to leverage SIs in FLR. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Resumo: Para investigar se e como a Inovação Social (IS) pode contribuir para a mudança transformativa, exploramos nove Redes de Coletores de Sementes Nativas (RCSNs) no Brasil. Empregamos a Análise de Redes Sociais para investigar a estrutura organizacional de quatro RCSNs. Além disso, identificamos cinco casos de inovações sociais (ISs) usando as perguntas orientadoras da estrutura analítica Restauração Socio‐Inovadora e Paisagens (RESIP).De 2018 a 2021, essas redes receberam um total de US$ 12 milhões em investimentos, e não apenas contribuíram para a produção de 180 toneladas de sementes nativas, mas também tiveram um impacto socioeconômico significativo. Elas geraram uma renda total de US$ 1,01 milhão para 997 coletores de sementes, 46% dos quais são comunidades tradicionais e grupos economicamente marginalizados. Além disso, 55% desses coletores são mulheres e 23% dependem exclusivamente da coleta de sementes como sua única fonte de renda.Embora essas RCSNs representem uma economia incipiente, eles efetivamente ativaram a capacidade de agência local. Com o apoio do capital social das RCSNs, um contexto favorável e motivações claras, essa capacidade de agência pode desencadear inovações sociais. Ao gerar impactos positivos, essas ISs transformam valores e empoderam agentes locais ('scaling deep'), inspiram agentes em outras regiões ('scaling out') e influenciam políticas favoráveis à restauração de paisagens socialmente inclusivas ('scaling up'). Esse escalonamento tridimensional ressalta o poder catalisador de ISs nas RCSNs e sua contribuição potencial para a mudança transformativa.Também enfatizamos o papel dos órgãos públicos na promoção de condições favoráveis, o papel vital da experimentação local e a, raramente evidenciada, capacidade de agência local, em alavancar ISs na Restauração de Paisagens e Florestas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the key functions and ultimate goals of health systems is to provide financial protection for individuals when using health services. This study sought to evaluate the level of financial protection and its inequality among individuals covered by the Social Security Organization (SSO) health insurance between September and December 2023 in Iran. Methods: We collected data on 1691 households in five provinces using multistage sampling to examine the prevalence of catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) at four different thresholds (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of the household's capacity to pay (CTP). Additionally, we explored the prevalence of impoverishment due to health costs and assessed socioeconomic-related inequality in OOP payments for healthcare using the concentration index and concentration curve. To measure equity in out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for healthcare, we utilized the Kakwani progressivity index (KPI). Furthermore, we employed multiple logistic regression to identify the main factors contributing to households experiencing CHE. Findings: : The study revealed that households in our sample allocated approximately 11% of their budgets to healthcare services. The prevalence of CHE at the thresholds of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% was found to be 47.1%, 30.1%, 20.1%, and 15.7%, respectively. Additionally, we observed that about 7.9% of the households experienced impoverishment due to health costs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the age of the head of the household, place of residence, socioeconomic status, utilization of dental services, utilization of medicine, and province of residence were the main factors influencing CHE. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that while wealthy households spend more money on healthcare, poorer households spend a larger proportion of their total income to healthcare costs. The KPI showed that households with lower total expenditures had higher OOP payments relative to their CTP. Conclusion: The study findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve financial protection in healthcare and mitigate inequalities among individuals covered by SSO. It is recommended that these interventions prioritize the expansion of coverage for dental services and medication expenses, particularly for lower socioeconomic status household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted in North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency. This research aims to analyze the income and financial feasibility of pig farming businesses in North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency. The sampling method is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, sample villages were determined from 12 villages, 4 sample villages were purposively determined by considering having the largest number of pigs. The second stage of determining sample breeders was carried out non-proportionately at random, where 15 respondents were taken from each village to obtain 60 respondents. Primary data was obtained through direct observation and interviews with breeders based on a list of questions that had been prepared, while secondary data was obtained through documented reports from relevant agencies and literature. The data analysis method is income analysis and financial analysis using the criteria for net investment B/C, BEP unit, BEP rupiah, and Payback Period. The research results show that the average total income is IDR 9,079,804.89/year, namely 37.61% is cash income and 62.99% is non-cash income. The results of the financial feasibility analysis show that the pig farming business in North Rahong District is financially feasible with a B/C value of 0.85, unit BEP of 0.33 ST, Rupiah BEP of IDR 3,200,999.78 and PP value of 1 year (12 month). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to assess the household food insecurity in Malaysia during the initial phase of the movement control order (MCO) to provide insights into the prevalence and predictors of food insecurity in this context. Design/methodology/approach: The research used an online cross-sectional survey between March 28 and April 28, 2020. The study collected data from the Radimer/Cornell Hunger Scale and a food insecurity instrument. Analytical tools included chi-square and logistic regression models. Findings: Of the 411 participating households, 54.3% were food-secure, while 45.7% experienced varying food insecurity. Among these, 29.9% reported mild hunger-associated food insecurity, 8.5% experienced individual food insecurity and 7.3% reported child hunger. The study identified predictors for food insecurity, including household income, as those with total income of < RM 2,300 had 13 times greater odds (odds ratio [OR] 13.8; confidence interval [CI] 5.9–32.1; p < 0.001) than those with income of RM 5,600, marital status as divorced (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.0–19.9; p-value = 0.05) or married (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.52–2.1) compared to those who are single. Self-employed respondents had three times greater odds of living in a household experiencing food insecurity (OR 3.58; 95% CI 1.6–7.7; p-value = 0.001) than those in the private sector (OR 1.48; 95% CI 0.85–2.61) or experiencing job loss (OR 1.39; 95% CI 0.62–3.1) compared with those who reported being in full-time government employment. Research limitations/implications: This study acknowledged limitations, such as not considering various dimensions of food insecurity, such as coping strategies, nutritional support, diet quality and well-being, due to the complexity of the issue. Practical implications: The study underscores the importance of targeted support for vulnerable groups and fostering collaborative efforts to address household food insecurity during crises like the MCOs. Social implications: The research offers insights into how to address household food insecurity and its impact on society. Originality/value: It identifies predictors, quantifies increased odds and emphasizes the necessity of targeted policies and collaborative approaches for fostering resilient recovery and promoting well-being in vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether and how digital economy (especially digital platforms and digital finance) restrains the informal economic activities in China measured by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. Using Chinese provincial panel data from 1995 to 2020, we find that the average size of China's provincial informal economy displays a five-stage fluctuation, ranging from 13.63 % to 17.53 %. More importantly, we uncover a robust "inverted U-shaped" nonlinear relationship between the digital platform development and the informal economy, with a turning point of 0.4189. Initially, the development of digital platforms increases informal economic activities by disrupting traditional sectors, causing new types of tax evasion, challenging regulators and raising digital crime. However, beyond a certain threshold, digital platforms can overcome these problems through more job creations and improved regulation. Meanwhile, the digital financial development is proved to have a negative impact on the informal economy because it can offer much more advantages in addressing informality such as making payments transparent, easing credit constraints, raising total income, helping governments reach people and businesses. Our study provides convincing evidence and valuable advice for policymakers when developing digital economy to curb the informal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers' entrepreneurship in Poland has both a historical and economic basis and stems from personality traits. It is supported by national and EU projects and funding. Legal conditions also favor farmers' entrepreneurial activity. The aim of the article was to analyze the influence of selected factors on the development of entrepreneurship among farmers in Siedlce County (with a high percentage of employment in the agricultural sector), measured by the entrepreneurship index in 2012 and 2022, and to find out which factors had the greatest impact on its development over the course of ten years. The research material consisted of data from thirteen municipalities of Siedlce County as at the end of 2012 and 2022, from Statistics Poland, and municipal offices, as well as the results of surveys in which respondents assessed the change in entrepreneurship development conditions in 2022 compared to 2012. The dependence of the entrepreneurship index on selected variables was assessed using the simple correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression equations. The econometric analysis showed that the entrepreneurship index in both 2012 and 2022 in the municipalities of Siedlce County was shaped by: the number of national economy entities, the share of annual own income per capita, and the share of agricultural tax in the municipalities' own income. The respondents assessed that during the period under study, the share of non-agricultural income in total income increased, while the income situation worsened in relation to 2012 and there was a decrease in income from non-agricultural activities against the income of other occupational groups. Factors that significantly affected the entrepreneurship rate were shown to have changed in the decade under analysis. The overall situation shaping entrepreneurial development has also deteriorated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing occurrence of labor migration (LM), off-farm employment has emerged as a crucial means to augment the income of agricultural households, bridge the urban-rural divide, and achieve rural regeneration. This study utilized a multiple linear regression model and quantile regression model to examine the effect of LM location on rural households' income. The analysis is based on research data from Jiangxi Province in 2018. The outcomes reveal that both intra-country LM and outside-of-county LM could make a substantial contribution to the increase of overall household income. However, the coefficient of impact for outside-of-county LM is greater. The findings of this study successfully passed the rigorous tests for robustness and endogeneity. Furthermore, the quantile regression analysis indicates that the greatest income-generating impact of intra-county LM occurred at the 90% quantile, whereas the highest income-generating impact of outside-of-county LM appeared at the 75% quantile. The study aims to determine if there is a variation in the income impact of LM in samples with distinct features. Specifically, it investigated the scale of forestland management and the LM of the household head. The results show that the promotion effect of intra-county LM on the total income of rural households was only observed in the sample group with a forestland area larger than 50 mu. Additionally, outside-of-county LM could only promote the growth of the total income of rural households in the sample group in which the head of household has not experienced labor migration. Hence, to enhance the growth of income for rural households amidst China's urbanization, policymakers should facilitate the controlled migration of labor from rural areas to urban areas while also encouraging the migration of labor within rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability and reasonableness in calculating the object of income tax, on which the filling of the country's budget significantly depends, are important factors for developing a business and the national economy. The article's purpose is a retrospective analysis of the legal framework of the method for determining the object of income tax in the context of the duality of its nature as an accounting and financial category. The results of such an analysis form the basis for determining further ways to improve the income tax accounting method. The legislative changes that formed and supplemented the functioning mechanism of the income tax during the Soviet era were revealed. The article assesses in detail the steps taken by the government of independent Ukraine to update the legislative framework on income tax and bring it into line with the requirements of the market environment. An analysis of the evolution of the object of taxation, expansion of the list of taxpayers, and changes in benefits for paying income tax was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, a periodization of the stages of the development of the legal framework for income tax was developed, which consists of seven periods: the formation of income tax in various forms; initiation of the methodology for determining the object of income tax; development of the Ukrainian system of corporate income taxation; improvement of the methodology of the tax base and the collection and control mechanism; the occurrence of tax accounting to determine the tax object; reforming the Ukrainian tax system; integration of accounting and tax accounting. The study results show that during the entire period of development of the income tax system, there was no single strategy for reforming the method of determining the object of tax. The development and adoption of such a plan could improve the quality of the income tax system by ensuring greater efficiency, simplifying procedures and stimulating business development.

Background: Economic analysis in 20 specialized cattle and buffalo dairy farms of Gujarat was comparatively studied. The required information from selected farms was collected through personal interview. Methods: It was studied by working annual fixed and variable cost. Gross total income was obtained by sum of all the income generated in dairy farm by selling milk, dung and animals. The collected and derived data were subject to nonparametric test in SPSS software. Result: Total fixed cost was consisted of 19.06% of total cost and it was nonsignificant between cattle and buffalo farms. Total variable cost was higher in buffalo farms. The proportion of variable cost was major (80.94%) among total cost. Among total cost, feed and fodder cost was highest i.e. 63.69% followed by labour cost i.e. 15.72%. Buffalo farms were spending significantly higher amount toward dry fodder and labours. Average total income from sale of milk was Rs. 48.44 lakh (86.59%). Sale of ghee (9.81%), dung (2.72%) and animals (0.90%) was also having some contribution in return. The average net profit was Rs. 16.06 lakh per farm which was nonsignificant. Similarly, yearly overall net return per adult unit (AU) and per man day was 0.16 and 2.35 lakh, respectively. The net profit per liter of milk was Rs. 17.36 and 8.84 lakhs in buffalo farms and cattle farms, respectively. The overall benefit cost ratio was 1:1.35. Thus, it can be concluded that specialized dairy farm of crossbred cattle or buffaloes with herd strength 80-180 were profitable and viable enterprise in Gujarat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travel time to a patient's medical provider represents a significant component of access to care. We examined travel time to the nearest uveitis specialist for the American population and characterize its impact on access to uveitis care. Observational studies using the American Community Survey and American Census Bureau population estimates. Addresses of fellowship-trained uveitis specialists were collected from the American Uveitis Society (AUS) and the Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation (OIUF) websites and geocoded using ArcGIS Pro 2.9. Service areas were defined as all locations within a 60-min drive time from each specialist's location. Demographic and population data for total population, racial groups, household poverty levels, population in dependent groups (younger than 18, older than 65), and health insurance status were overlaid. Data were aggregated for census tracts within and outside service areas and compared using chi-square analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Differences in population demographics for people within and outside service area coverage. 223 uveitis specialist addresses were geocoded into ArcGIS. Of specialist locations, 94% were found in urban areas. Of the total United States population, 63.3% were found to be within service areas. Of these, 55.9% were White and 14.7% were African American, whereas 70% of the people outside service areas were White and 10.1% were African American (p < 0.0001) (Table 1). Only 8.3% of the people within service area coverage had no health insurance compared with 9.5% outside service areas (p < 0.0001). Within coverage areas, 12.7% of the households had a total income below the federal poverty level versus 15.1% of the households outside service area coverage (p < 0.0001). Within service area coverage, 37.4% of the people were in a dependent age group compared with 40.4.% outside service area coverage (p < 0.0001). Our analysis shows a significant travel burden to the nearest uveitis specialist for a large proportion of Americans. More providers are needed in rural areas, as patients there are more likely to live under the poverty line, be uninsured, or belong to a dependent age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Auditing (2314-4793) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to analyze trends in income and consumption inequality for paid and self-employed households and examine to what extent changes in aggregate consumption and income inequality can be explained by changes in their permanent and transitory components over time using data from the Italian Survey of Household Wealth (SHIW) covering the period 1989-2016. The results obtained from the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis reveal differences in consumption and income inequality, as well as their permanent and transitory components, between self-employed and payroll households. In particular, self-employed households experience higher levels of both income and consumption inequality, the increase in total income and consumption inequality is mainly driven by an increase in its transitory component. Furthermore, findings from other descriptive measures of inequality, such as the Gini coefficient, the variance of the log, 90th/10th, and 50th/10th percentile ratios, support the notion that income inequality is higher than consumption inequality across all groups, with self-employed households exhibiting a more pronounced difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household energy is critical for sustainable development, but many rural and off-grid communities lack access. As global concerns about climate change prompt a re-evaluation of energy strategies, understanding rural household energy decisions becomes increasingly complex, particularly in remote areas without grid access. This study examines the energy decisions of households in the Upper Blinkwater community to uncover the primary drivers for their choice of energy amidst grid connections. Survey data from 53 households were analyzed using multivariate regression. The findings revealed significant economic vulnerability among the respondents, marked by high unemployment and limited resource access, with the majority of households relying on social grants. These households depend on multiple energy sources, with firewood usage significantly influenced by the availability of grants, total income, post-primary education, household size, and remittance income. The findings contradict the energy ladder hypothesis, indicating that despite economic improvements, a complete transition to modern fuels may not be possible as firewood remains a crucial energy source. These results highlight the complex interplay of economic, social, and cultural factors in household energy decisions and underscore the importance of enhancing infrastructure, providing economic incentives, and conducting educational campaigns to facilitate the transition to cleaner energy alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of PPP on the economic growth of Akmola region. The object of the study is PPP projects implemented in Akmola region and the process of socioeconomic development of the region. According to the results of the analysis, the impact of PPP on the economic growth of the region was assessed. In the course of the study a dynamic analysis of PPP projects implemented in Akmola region was carried out. The analysis used information on PPP projects for 2018-2022 and economic indicators characterizing the economic growth of the region. Using the Horrard-Domer model, the economic growth of the region was determined and a factor analysis of the factors affecting it was conducted. In Akmola region in the period from 2018 to 2022, a total of 66 PPP projects were implemented with the attraction of investments in the amount of 7783.26 thousand tenge, and the attracted investments for the years amounted to an average of 15.36%. The growth rate of the economy according to the model of R. Harrod and E. Domar showed the following: the ratio of investment to total income averaged 0.88 million tenge, capital intensity amounted to 2.25 million tenge, the growth rate of the economy increased by 0.38 or 38.26%. For successful implementation of PPP in Akmola region it is necessary to create a stable investment climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brackishwater aquaculture sector is dominated by the exotic vannamei shrimp farming, which is the economic engine of Indian aquaculture. In 2022-23, exports of 12,89,651 tonnes of Indian marine products fetched foreign exchange worth Rs. 46,662.85 crores and farmed shrimps accounted for about two-thirds of the shrimps exported. Regression co - efficients for Feed, labour and fingerlings were positive and significant at 1 %, 5 % and 7%. The mean fixed cost, variable cost and total cost per ha per year worked out to 1, Rs.458, 4,40 Rs.,091 and Rs. 4,41,547, respectively. The average yield obtained by the shrimp farmers was 2,583.8 kg/ha/crop and with a mean price of 3 Rs.60/kg. The total income realised averaged Rs. 9,30,203/ha/crop. The per ha farm business income and profit were Rs. 4,90,112 and 4, Rs. 88,654, respectively. The average cost of production of Vannamei shrimps was Rs. 170.88 with a mean profit of Rs. 181.12 per kg. The study showed that shrimp farming was profitable and found that shrimp farmers need to be more cost efficient along the production line since international market prices are beyond their control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public sector banks dominate India's financial sector and play a crucial role. Commercial banks are indispensable in the processes of capital circulation, capital integration, capital resource allocation, and overall societal demand and supply adjustment. But performing these vital roles, the commercial banks are associated with different risks out of which credit risk hampers them a lot. This risk attacks the major pillar of the banking industry i.e., solvency on which the industry survives. In this paper, a modest attempt is made to identify the bank-specific determinants of credit risk in the public sector commercial banks in India. Data was collected from the RBI database for the period 2005 to 2020 for 13 banks. Variables pertaining to credit risk, bank size, capital adequacy ratio, profitability, liquidity and diversification were taken. These variables were analysed with the help of different panel data analytical tools. The size of the bank, represented by the log of total assets, and diversification, measured as the ratio of non-interest income to total income, were found to positively and significantly influence credit risk in public sector commercial banks. The Return on Asset, Loan-deposit ratio, and Capital adequacy ratio were found to be negatively correlated with credit risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is ample empirical literature on the contributions of different income sources to total income inequality. In contrast, studies estimating the contributions of income sources to income poverty are scarce. This paper presents a new decomposition of the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke poverty index, based on a marginal approach previously employed to decompose income inequality. We apply these marginal decompositions to data for 15 EU countries and classify six income sources according to their impact on inequality and poverty. Our results indicate that there are significant differences in the contributions of income sources to poverty compared to their respective contributions to inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of research is digital marketing of innovative products. The problem addressed in the study was the need to define digital marketing tools for the promotion of innovative products in order to increase the financial results of enterprises. The specificity of digital marketing of innovative products, which have their own specificity, has been clarified, including the need to explain the benefits of new technologies to consumers. The results of the research revealed that the study of the target audience using analytical tools allows better optimization of marketing campaigns. It has been proven that the substantiation of the expenditure budget based on the method “from the achievement of goals” provides effective use of marketing resources and flexibility in case of changes in market conditions. The advantages of this budgeting method have been revealed, which makes it possible to clearly define marketing goals and direct resources to achieve them. This ensures optimal use of marketing resources. On the basis of regression analysis, the influence of expenses on various digital marketing tools on the total income of the enterprise was determined. Verification of the guidelines included an assessment of the impact of various digital marketing tools on total revenue. Based on the regression analysis, it was established that the costs of setting up a website and search advertising, advertising in social networks and email marketing showed a significant positive impact on the total income of the enterprise. However, spending on content marketing revealed a negative effect. The identified dependences made it possible to accurately assess the impact of each marketing tool on the total revenue of the enterprise, which is critical for effective planning of marketing campaigns and cost optimization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal mangrove-dependent communities face various risks due to climate change, thus rendering them vulnerable. This study explored the vulnerability of these communities in the Tana Delta in Kenya using an indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework to better understand their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Data was collected through household surveys (n = 377), focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The analysis revealed mean vulnerability indices at the sub-location level ranged from 0.850 for Kipini to − 0.913 for Kilelengwani and − 2.702 for Ozi. The statistically significant indicators of vulnerability were (i) exposure—high temperatures and rainfall changes; (ii) sensitivity—household numbers, head of household's age, dependents' education, and dependents' employment; and (iii) adaptive capacity—ownership of assets, access to community infrastructure and services, condition/quality of houses, total income, and alternative sources of income. The findings highlight the need for adaptation strategies that ensure greater financial assets supported by education and skills enhancement to utilize existing opportunities. Attention to community infrastructure and services is crucial. Policy should focus on financial, physical, and human assets to reduce community vulnerability alongside the continued conservation and management of mangrove resources. The results will help policymakers in addressing the impacts of climate change and benefit households in the study area. These insights can be applied to regions with similar climate conditions and livelihood systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economists ignore caring labor since most is provided unpaid. Disregard is unjust, theoretically indefensible, and probably misleading. Valuation requires estimates of time spent and the replacement or opportunity costs of that time. I use the maintenance costs of British workers, costs which cover both the material inputs into upkeep and the domestic services needed to turn commodities into livings, to isolate the costs of paid domestic labor. I then impute the value of unpaid domestic labor from these market equivalents, and aggregate across households without domestic servants. Historically, unpaid domestic labor represented c. 20 percent of total income, a contribution that suggests the need to revise some standard narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Efil Journal of Economic Research / Efil Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Efil Journal of Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial flexibility affects the ability of higher education institutions (HEIs) to ensure financial stability in conditions of uncertainty and crisis. Financial flexibility results from sound decision-making by university management and requires thorough assessment. This article aims to evaluate the financial flexibility of HEIs based on an integral indicator and the correlation of financial flexibility indicators. The integral indicator of financial flexibility includes groups of sensitivity, responsiveness, maneuverability, and costeffectiveness indicators. This indicator is calculated as the average value of these factors. It comprises seventeen indicators, excluding those requiring managerial data for calculation, such as the share of administrative expenses to total income, the share of utility costs to fixed expenses, and a group of indicators responding to the price factor. The article tests the methodology for assessing the financial flexibility of HEIs based on the integral indicator for classical, polytechnic, pedagogical, and other institutions. To eliminate the scale effect and standardize the calculated HEI indicators to a comparable panel sample, normalization was conducted, and the logarithm of the indicators was calculated to unify the data. The average value of the integral financial flexibility indicator for HEIs from 2018-2022 was determined to be 0.22, relative to the typical group of HEIs (classical – 0.21, polytechnic – 0.23, pedagogical and others – 0.21) and separately by years. Using the «Data Analysis» add-in in Microsoft Excel, the correlation of the indicators with the integral financial flexibility indicator was determined. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the degree of association between indicators of financial flexibility and the integral indicator is insignificant and does not exceed 0.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to evaluate the impact of the amount of material compensation per employee on the performance of the company, the authors systematically analysed amount of material compensation per employee, total income, total expenses, net profit margin and return on equity in small, medium and large companies in the five observed counties of the Republic of Croatia. The aim of the paper is to analyse the connection between the amount of material compensation of employees and the performance of the company. The research in the paper was conducted based on data provided by the Financial Agency, a leading Croatian company in the field of providing financial and electronic services. The research was conducted on a sample of 3,914 small, medium and large companies. In the research part of the paper, Spearman’s correlation coefficient which is a non-parametric equivalent of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (product of rank correlation), was used to assess the relationship between the variables of average monthly net wage and salary per employee, total income, total expenses, net profit margin, return on equity. The results indicate that there are significant differences between the size of the company and the observed parameters (average monthly net wages and salaries per employee, total income, total expenses, net profit margin, and return on equity). Based on an extensive analysis of data, obtained results indicate that the given correlation matrix of the connection between the average monthly net wage and salary per employee with the observed parameters for all years shows that all parameters are statistically significantly correlated. This paper provides an insight into the importance of human resources and their proper management on the company business, regardless of their size. Statistical analysis of research data was performed by statistical software MedCalc® Statistical Software and SPSS Statistics for Windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is an extension of Input-Output tables that records macro and meso-economic accounts of a socio-economic system. Its main objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interrelationships among different economic sectors and agents. The SAM can be used for various purposes, including economic analysis, policy evaluation, and economic modelling. It allows policymakers to make more informed decisions, understand potential consequences of different policy options and serve as the foundation for constructing Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. Data description: The SAM for Germany is a comprehensive source of data that reveals the incomes and expenditures of 163 different production sectors, along with data on factors of production, households, corporations, government, and external accounts with the rest of the world. Additionally, it provides information on gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, and natural capital accounts. This SAM was compiled by extending the EXIOBASE Input-Output (IO) accounts with data from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. Balancing items were also used to ensure that the Total Income and Total Expenditure of the main transactors are in balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the role of adjusted gross income (AGI) in computing taxable income is crucial to providing good tax and financial planning, especially for retirees. Not every financial planner will be a tax expert but understanding some of the interactions between income items and what type of taxes and costs might be incurred as the result of a transaction is essential. For example, because of a bright-line cutoff, just one additional dollar of modified AGI (MAGI) can trigger an additional $4,351.20 in Medicare Part B premiums. This article reviews the federal income tax formula and discusses some specific income items, including how changes in one item affect other items. It provides examples of some of the additional taxes and costs that can be incurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural subsidy policy can improve the planting enthusiasm of rural households by increasing their income. It is of great significance to assess and summarise the effect of the soybean and cotton target price subsidy policy and to determine future policy direction. Using the national rural fixed-observation point socioeconomic survey data from 2009 to 2017, the study employed the difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate the impact of the target price policy (TPP) on rural household income in China. TPP had no significant impact on the total income of rural households. Specifically, TPP increased the farm income of rural households but simultaneously reduced the wage income and had no significant impact on the other income. Moreover, the impact of TPP on rural household income varied with the planting scale and income level; the effect of TPP was strong among the non-poor or scale operation rural households. TPP implementation affected rural household farm and wage income by affecting farmers' allocation of working time and cost input. Therefore, implementing TPP should consider farmers' participation in non-farm employment, further adjust the subsidy intensity and scope, and combine direct subsidies with the poverty reduction effect in poor areas. The contribution of this article is to explore the implementation effect of target price subsidy policies from the perspective of farmers' income, to deconstruct farmers' income, and explore the mechanism of policy action. This paper provides a theoretical basis and policy inspiration for China to improve and adjust the agricultural subsidy policy, mobilise farmers' enthusiasm to cultivate, and ensure national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the impact of granting forest certificates on farmer income. Linear regression and mediating effect models were used to analyze repeated survey data of 505 households in 50 villages in Jiangxi Province in 2017 and 2018. We examined the impacts of granting forest certificates on forestry income and the total income of rural households, taking into account forestland leases. We draw the following conclusions: first, granting forest certificates has a significant positive effect on total household income but not on forestry income. Second, farmers prefer forestland leasing in their behavior. Granting forest certificates can promote forestland lease out, but the effect on forestland lease in is not obvious. Third, granting forest certificates contributes to the increase in total household income through forestland lease out. Our analysis suggests that the government should increase the proportion of granted forest certificates and improve the policies related to the lease of forestland so as to realize an increase in farmer income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verwaltung und Management: Zeitschrift für Moderne Verwaltung (VM) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Income increase is an important way to achieve comprehensive human development and to escape from poverty, and the growing aging problem in rural China poses a challenge to farm household income increase. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of China's rural old-age burden on farm household income, this paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of household old-age burden on farm household income based on the data from the 2023 micro-farm field survey of China's Henan Province, utilizing linear regression modeling and mediation effect modeling, filling the research gaps in the related fields. The results of the study found that, firstly, family old-age burden has a significant impact on the income of farm households, and that the heavier the family old-age burden, the lower the total income of farm households. Secondly, from the results of the heterogeneity of the impact, the poorer the health condition, the greater the negative impact of family old-age burden on farm household income. Old-age burden has a greater impact on high-income farm households than on low-income farm households, and old-age burden has a significant impact on the income of part-time farm households, while the impact is not significant on purely farm and non-farm households. Thirdly, the heavier the household old-age burden, the more unfavorable it is to the non-farm employment of farm households, thus affecting the income capacity of farm households. Finally, corresponding countermeasures and recommendations are put forward in three areas, namely, the continuous improvement of the social old-age security system, the realization of the function of the social old-age mechanism as an old-age pocket for key special groups, and the improvement of the social flexible employment mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the effect of location-based tax incentives on rural non-farm small business performance in Armenia. It uses administrative panel data for the population of the registered taxpayers in the areas concerned, and the vast tax exemptions are granted for businesses operating in the selected set of border communities. Using an 'event study'-style difference-in-differences fixed effects estimator we initially find a negative effect of tax exemptions on the reported gross income of the affected enterprises and a positive effect on employment, mainly driven by a smaller subset of non-trade firms. To uncover these inconsistent results, we consider a possible channel for decreased reported revenues – changes in audit probabilities for the exempt businesses. Indeed, introducing controls for predicted audit probability eliminates the negative effects on gross revenues, while the positive effect on the number of employees persists, with even increased magnitudes. Gross income under-reporting incentives could emerge in the supply chain where the suppliers might be inclined not to report their sales thus inducing the exempted businesses to under-report their incomes as well. Given the short pre-treatment data, the long-term development common trend of treated and control communities is verified using satellite data on night-time illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Republic of Moldova has made significant strides in adopting organic farming practices, supported by government subsidies and strategic focus on market demand. This paper aims to analyze the economic performance of organic farms in Moldova and their impact on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, using primary data collected from 63 organic farms benefiting from subsidies between 2020 and 2022. The agricultural sector in Moldova has experienced a gradual increase in cultivated land, with a noteworthy 9.5% dedicated to organic farming. Economically, farmers have seen substantial growth in income per hectare, credited to favorable climatic conditions and advanced technologies. Although organic farming contributes significantly, constituting approximately one-third of total income, conventional agriculture remains the primary contributor with two-thirds. The impact of subsidies from the National Fund for Agricultural and Rural Development is evident in farm development, as calculated profits per one lei of subsidy have surged from 1.51 to 10.43 lei in 2022. This underscores the effectiveness of government support in fostering growth and development within Moldova's agricultural sector, emphasizing a positive trajectory for sustainable agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is aiming to illuminate the socio-economic and operational dynamics of reaper-thresher ownership in Adana and to provide valuable insights for future strategic planning in the sector. The primary data for this research were gathered through 16 face-to-face interviews with combine harvester operators in Adana. Constraints such as operators' hesitancy, time limitations, budget constraints, and their dispersed locations in various villages hindered the possibility of conducting a larger number of surveys. Moreover, considering the limitations mentioned, secondary data from sources such as the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) and other relevant research reports were incorporated. Survey data collected between January and February 2024 underwent thorough analysis using techniques including cross-tabulation, statistical analysis, and regression analysis. The result of regression analysis indicates significant relationships between variables such as total area harvested, harvest price, and annual repair and maintenance expenses, and combine harvester profitability. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing harvesting revenues and their impacts on stakeholders. The explanation rate of these variables for the dependent variable (R square) is 99.3%. Since tolerance is greater than 0.10 and VIF is less than 10, there is no multiconnection problem. The findings reveal a predominant demographic profile of combine harvester owners, consisting largely of young and middle-aged individuals with varying levels of education, often continuing family traditions in agriculture. These operators typically operate small-scale agricultural enterprises, deriving most of their income from agricultural production. Through analysis it was found that the age ranges and education levels of the participants vary. While the age distribution varies between 20 and 51, the education level varies from primary school to master's/doctoral degree. The majority of the participants have a nuclear family structure and there is an average of 5 members in their families. The land holdings are generally below 100 decares. Additionally, the majority of respondents own a combine harvester, and this is often due to family business tradition. There are participants who have other sources of income other than harvesting. However, agricultural production is often the main source of income. The share of combine harvesting income in total income is generally high. The majority of participants want to continue harvesting and recommend it to new producers. However, there is dissatisfaction on some issues such as the appointment system of the Soil Products Office and the supply of workers. Harvest start time is usually in May, and the majority of combine harvester owners adapt to the specific requests of landowners. These special requests usually relate to mowing speed and tillage. The findings reveal significant information that will contribute to the development of agricultural mechanization strategies in the Adana region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the financial security of Vietnam-era veterans now that most are over 65 and have left the labor force. Using 2018 survey data, we found that, on average, Vietnam-era veterans aged 63 to 78 had slightly less income than nonveterans of their ages: US$63,500 and US$65,000, respectively. Those veterans received more money from Social Security and retirement plans; nonveterans had more earnings and investment income. About 1.3 million Vietnam-era veterans collected an average of US$17,600 in disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs, lifting their average total income above other veterans' by about US$5,000. Overall, veterans were less likely to be poor or very wealthy than were nonveterans. Information on income provides insight to Congress and the public about the economic stability and, by extension, overall well-being of Vietnam-era veterans as they age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the factors that determine savings of cassava processors in Imo State. 180 cassava processors were randomly selected from the 6 Local Government Areas of Imo State to constitute the sample size. Data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of data. The results showed that 75% of the cassava processors were females, a relatively large proportion (38.9%) of the processors were within the age range of 41-50years with a mean age of 43years and a mean processing experience of 8years. 51.67% of the cassava processors saved using thrift (akawo), 33.89% of these processors saved between N20,000 and N40,000 and this percentage saved on a weekly basis. 53.33% of the processors processed their tubers into garri, 37.5% of the garri processors earned between N100,000-N150,000 monthly. The garri processing enterprise was seen to have an average propensity to save of 33.4%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that total income from both processing and non-processing activity, marital status, household size, processing experience, interest, and membership of cooperative were significant in determining savings. It is therefore recommended that low interest loan should be given to the processors of cassava products to enable them expand their enterprises and thus enhance their income and savings. Also, local saving platforms should be developed so as to make it more responsive to modern day financial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to obtain data on costs incurred from the production process, and data on farmer income from beekeping. The total revenue data is then used to analyze the feasibility of beekeeping and its contribution to increasing farmers welfare. The research was carried out using a survey with a quantitative method. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling, the members of Sari Puspa Farmers Group domiciled in Sumaja Makmur Village, Gunung Megang, Muara Enim Regency, totaling 20 peoples. Respondents are farmers who also work as beekeepers in their rubber and oil palm plantations. From the results of research on the cash flow of each beekeeper during 2022, a total revenue (TR) of IDR 152,600,000,-and the total cost of production (TC) is IDR 21,900,000.-. So that overall a total income of IDR 130,700,000,-with an average profit of IDR 6,535,000,-per year. Meanwhile, from farming activity, which is the main job of beekeepers, the average annual income per hectare of arable land is IDR 38,400,000,- so that the total income of the farmer's household is IDR 44,935,000,- per year. Income from the beekeping contributes 14.5%, and is included in the low category. The initial investment value based on financial feasibility analysis is IDR 11.153.600,- While the income for 1 harvest period is IDR. 6,535,000,-. So based on these data the BEP of production is 102 Kg. The bekepers will break even if production reaches or exceeds 102 Kg. Meanwhile, at a BI rate of 5.75%, NPV of IDR 13,564,82,- is obtained, an IRR value of 55%, B/C ratio value of 1.61 and a Payback period of 1 year 8 months and 8 days. Based on the analysis indicators, the beekeeping at Farmer Group of Sari Puspa is in the feasible category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study when preferences for competition are a positive economic trait among high earners and the extent to which this trait can explain the gender gap in income among a master's degree in business administration (MBAs). Consistent with the experimental evidence, preferences for competition are a positive economic trait only for individuals who are not overconfident. Preferences for competition correlate with income only at graduation when bonuses are guaranteed and not a function of performance. Overconfident competition‐loving MBAs observe lower compensation and income growth, and experience greater exit from high‐reward industries and more frequent job interruptions. Preferences for competition do not explain the gender pay gap among MBAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, detailed country-level estimates of income and wealth have become widely available and inform us about the evolution of inequality between and within countries. But a substantial portion of these available datasets lack sub-national geographical information, precluding the exploration of the spatial distribution and evolution of inequalities within countries. We present here a new dataset of disposable income for Europe at the subnational level. It has been compiled from existing income data (gross income, gross earnings, equivalised income, etc.) published by national statistical institutes at different geographical levels. We used linear regressions and numerical operations to estimate disposable income from other available socio-economic statistics (e.g. household size, tax rates). We developed a harmonization and adjustment procedures to ensure of the consistency of statistical units, income indicators, costs of living and inflation. The dataset covers 42 European countries distributed over more than 120,000 geographical entities on the 1995 to 2021 period (most of the data being available for the 2010–2020 decade). This new dataset opens avenues for investigating the links between income inequality and other socio-economic or ecological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of depressive symptoms on individuals has been widely studied but their impact on households remains less explored. This study assessed the humanistic and economic impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms on adults without depressive symptoms among households in the United States (US). The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component database was used to identify adults without depressive symptoms living in households with ≥1 adult with depressive symptoms (depression household) and adults without depressive symptoms living in households without an adult with depressive symptoms (no-depression household). Weighted generalized linear models with clustered standard errors were used to compare total income (USD 2020), employment status, workdays missed, quality of life (QoL), and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) between cohorts. Adults without depressive symptoms living in a depression household (n = 1699) earned $4720 less in total annual income (representing 11.3% lower than the average income of $41,634 in MEPS), were less likely to be employed, missed more workdays per year, and had lower QoL than adults without depressive symptoms living in a no-depression household (n = 15,286). Differences in total annual healthcare costs and for most types of HRU, except for increased outpatient mental health-related visits, were not significant. Data is subject to reporting bias, misclassification, and other inaccuracies. Causal inferences could not be established. The economic and humanistic consequences of depressive symptoms may extend beyond the affected adults and impact other adult members of the household. • Impact of depression on household members beyond caregivers has been understudied. • Adults living with an adult who had depressive symptoms had reduced income. • Life quality was lower in adults living in depression vs. no-depression households. • The economic and humanistic impact of depression extends to other household members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]