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Punctuated by joy, disappointments, and conflicts, research evaluation constitutes an intense, emotional moment in scientific life. Yet reviewers and research institutions often expect evaluations to be conducted objectively and dispassionately. Inspired by the scholarship describing the role of emotions in scientific practices, we argue instead, that reviewers actively define, display and manage their emotions in response to the structural organization of research evaluation. Our article examines reviewing practices used in the European Research Council's (ERC) Starting and Consolidator grants and in the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action's (MSCA) Individual Fellowships. These two European funding mechanisms offer different perspectives on the organization of grant evaluation. We conducted interviews with review panel members and analyzed various institutional documents. By drawing on the sociological concepts of feeling rules and emotional work, we demonstrate that reviewers define rules concerning how emotions should be experienced and expressed to ensure the proper functioning of evaluation, and that reviewers experience the need to actively regulate their emotions to comply with these rules. We present four feeling rules concerning the experience and expression of: (1) excitement for novelty during individual evaluation; (2) respect for others' opinions and the absence of anger in review panels; (3) attentiveness and interest, which are seen as missing in online evaluations. Reviewers also expect ERC candidates to (4) avoid pride and manifest modesty during interviews. These rules demonstrate that proposal peer review is governed by emotional norms, and show the influence of organizational settings and moral requirements on research evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical debate has blossomed within the field of research policy, science and technology studies, and philosophy of science regarding the possible benefits and limitations of allocating extramural grants using a lottery system. The most common view among those supporting the lottery idea is that some form of modified lottery is acceptable, if properly combined with peer review. This means that partial randomization can be applied only after experts have screened the pursuit-worthiness of all submitted proposals and sorted out those of lowest quality. In the present paper, I will argue against the use of partial lotteries or partial randomization and instead promote use of a pure lottery in combination with a radical increase in block funding. The main reason for holding this position is that a partial lottery cannot solve the problems inherent in the current funding system, which is based on grant competitions and peer review. A partial lottery cannot decrease the enormous time-waste, reduce the uneven distribution of time between researchers, neutralize expert biases or mitigate academic power asymmetries. Instead, we need a stronger focus on improving general time management in academia by implementing a more holistic model for organizing research opportunities in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustaining grant funded digital humanities websites has become a major challenge in the field. Three American universities with digital humanities centers kept eight of nine websites funded by the United States National Endowment for the Humanities (1996–2003) online to 2022. Center personnel made website preservation a part of everyday operations without additional funds devoted to the task. Web software developed rapidly in this period, however and center staff members' efforts often did not succeed in providing necessary updates. Funded materials became increasingly obsolete. The extent of center personnel's efforts, compared with their results, suggests that their approach itself will in many cases prove unsustainable. In one case, a university shifted responsibility for a popular website to its library. The library completely rebuilt it, only to find that the resource had again become obsolete less than 10 years later. Reconstruction should therefore be understood as an ongoing process, and its cost and complexity suggest that many online resources will not benefit from it. A new approach converting websites to a static state can facilitate sustainability at lower cost, but it also requires resources for implementation. Two American funding agencies have recently made grants available for website preservation and reconstruction. Similar organizations in other parts of the world have not followed suit and should consider doing so. In the absence of a comprehensive effort to identify and evaluate legacy websites for preservation, the competitive process of securing grant awards can begin to determine which legacy websites will survive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and Development (R&D) grants are one of the most commonly employed programmes by regional, national, and European governments to promote innovation at the firm level. This study contributes to the existing literature on innovation policy mix by investigating whether combinations of the three funding sources can yield positive effects on various measurements of innovation outcomes. Using a panel of 10,045 Spanish firms from 2004 to 2016 and a flexible conditional difference-in-differences approach, our findings reveal that R&D grants funded by European sources exert the most substantial positive impact on firms' product and process innovations. Conversely, national funding demonstrates this impact on new-to-market innovations and patent applications. Notably, the positive effect on innovation outcomes is evident only when considering the combination of all three distinct funding schemes and the amalgamation of regional and national R&D grants. These results reject the possibility of substitutive effects among different funding schemes, particularly between regional and national institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While student-run free clinics (SRFCs) play an important role in care for underserved populations, few mechanisms exist to promote collaboration among regional SRFCs. Aims: To address this gap, the Chicagoland Free Clinics Consortium (CFCC) was formed to (1) facilitate collaboration between Chicagoland SRFCs, (2) provide innovation grant funding, and (3) host an annual conference. Setting and Participants: In 2018, students from the Pritzker School of Medicine founded the CFCC and partnered with peers from area schools to implement programming. Program Description: Between 2018 and 2022, CFCC engaged 23 SRFCs representing all 6 Chicagoland schools, held 4 annual conferences, and distributed $15,423 in grants to 19 projects at 14 SRFC sites. Program Evaluation: A total of 176 students from 5 schools attended the 4 conferences. In 2022, 82 unique participants were surveyed, and 66% (54/82) responded. Eighty percent (43/54) reported they were "more likely to collaborate with other Chicagoland free clinics." In 2022, all grant sites were surveyed and 84% (16/19) responded. Most (87%,14/16) agreed the grant "allowed them to implement a project that would not have otherwise been accomplished" and 21% (4/19) were inter-institutional collaborations. Discussion: To our knowledge, CFCC is the first student-led organization to promote sustained collaboration across SRFCs in a metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As libraries succeed in making journal literature seamlessly available through internet searches, faculty may be less aware of the library's role in their intellectual output. This research project explores how publication patterns of faculty at a public research university changed over time in relation to collection size, literature use, productivity, co-authorship, grant funding, and faculty demographics. Correlations among data points demonstrate how the availability and use of the literature is associated with faculty productivity. Use of the literature varies by discipline, co-authorship, and grant funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a popular perception that interdisciplinary research collaboration can yield benefits to knowledge production, from improvements to creativity to advances in addressing real-world problems. However, studies into interdisciplinarity frequently point to material obstacles, such as burdensome time and resource requirements, difficulties in publishing, and scarce opportunities for grant funding, which imply that incentives or rewards might be required to motivate academics to collaborate with colleagues across research disciplines. This article reports the results of a survey of academics and interviews with senior university leaders at a large research-intensive university in Australia, which indicate a major difference of opinion on how to incentivise interdisciplinary collaboration. While survey respondents largely emphasised material concerns, university leaders cited cultural change as a preferred strategy. If interdisciplinary research collaboration is desired, this gap between the perceptions of academics, who do the research, and university leaders, who control the resources, will need to be bridged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As competition over grant funding increases, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are increasingly likely to enter into contracts with government agencies to ensure funding stability and accomplish organizational goals. Public agencies seek to reduce the possibility of contractor performance problems. Unlike profit-seeking firms that may need constant monitoring, NPOs could be more likely to serve as stewards of public resources, delivering services consistent with shared goals. However, few empirical studies have assessed the comparative performance of private and nonprofit contractors to determine whether there are meaningful differences in practice. This study analyzes nearly 25,000 U.S. federal definitive contracts that concluded between 2005 and 2015. Using predictive statistical analyses, findings indicate that nonprofits deliver more complex work than their for-profit counterparts, are less likely to be terminated early, do not require additional contract modifications, and are treated similarly to other vendors. Taken together, the results suggest that there are mutual benefits when governments and nonprofits engage in contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses critical archival analysis, paired with textual analysis of grant descriptions, to understand how nine foundations — all with endowments derived from the student loan industry — have motivated their college completion work and the relationship between these commitments and grantmaking over time (2000–2019). Mobilizing concepts of theorization and racialized change work (RCW) to analyze the relationship between funders' deployed racial frames and their theory of change, this paper offers three primary contributions: 1) A methodological approach to analyzing philanthropic or intermediary-led reform campaigns (e.g. the college completion agenda) as a form of theorization — a core mechanism of institutional change and diffusion — inclusive of funders' racial projects; 2) Insights on the qualitative, causal pathway by which one foundation created organization-specific interest convergence that facilitated engagement in RCW, and 3) Evidence demonstrating how race-evasive theorizations, even if efficacious mechanisms for change, fail to deinstitutionalize a core mechanism of racialization: investment in deficit-minded, individual-level projects. These insights speak not only to the material differences between race-evasive and race-conscious theorizations, but also organizational pathways toward durable race-conscious commitments in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific research is often supported by public funds for the public good, and there is a trend toward using public funds to support actionable science that can be integrated into policy or practice. Funding agencies can set research priorities through the focus and timing of their research calls and funding decisions. There is a need to study funding models to better understand the relationship between agency priorities and scientific discourse. We present a case study of the National Sea Grant College Program's research funding. Sea Grant is a federally funded network of 34 stateor territory-based programs that fund research and perform education and outreach work on coastal environmental and natural resource issues. Individual Sea Grant programs set research priorities based on local needs, often focusing on actionable science. To assess the contributions of Sea Grant-funded research, we analyzed available citations and abstracts from Web of Science and examined patterns in article authors, journals, citations, keywords, and abstracts. The study shows that Sea Grant has significantly contributed to the scientific literature while being effective on costper-publication and cost-per-citation bases. The results illustrated how targeted funding can address important local issues while substantially contributing to the broader scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea Grant programs across the United States and its territories are working with coastal communities to enhance their resilience to hazards and weather extremes exacerbated by climate change. Drawing on the expertise of the authors, many of whom have multiple years or decades of experience in the Sea Grant network, the article identifies five key strategies that Sea Grant programs employ to support the process of coastal hazards and extreme weather adaptation and resilience-building. The application of these strategies, most of which have their roots in the historical legacy of extension, are then illustrated through summaries of current Sea Grant activities and projects, showcasing how they have been applied in real-world situations. These strategies allow Sea Grant programs to fill a unique and valuable niche in national efforts to enhance coastal resilience. The article concludes with a discussion of emerging challenges and recommendations for strengthening Sea Grant's capacity to support adaptation in coastal communities into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sea Grant network has made significant contributions to ocean and coastal acidification (OCA) research through partnerships and investments, education and participatory science opportunities, workforce development, translation into aquaculture applications, and policy blueprints. This study reviewed these contributions using programmatic assessments, bibliographic sources, and case studies. From 2008 until 2021, investments surpassed $22M and funded 106 projects across 22 of the 34 Sea Grant programs. This funding and key partnerships have supported the theses of 80 graduate students and 11 research fellows. In addition, 14 Sea Grant Knauss Marine Policy Fellows have been funded by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program in OCA graduate experiences. The Sea Grant network plays an integrative role across research institutions, decision-making bodies, and coastal industries, and is well positioned to continue offering opportunities and novel insights to advance applied research and action to mitigate and adapt for OCA impacts on marine resources and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NOAA Sea Grant College Program is well suited to address aquatic invasive species issues based on the roles Sea Grant institutions play within their communities and the resources available to them through university systems. The three primary areas of a Sea Grant program--research, education, and outreach--can be used to limit and prevent the impacts of invasive species. Specifically, Sea Grant has expertise in natural science, social science, education, communication, legal support, and community science, all of which can help communities and aquatic invasive species management programs address these problematic species. This article shares examples of Sea Grant work as well as tips designed to inspire new communities and aquatic invasive species management programs to partner with Sea Grant to address these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in youth sports provides a variety of benefits to young people and the communities that they live in. Unfortunately, these benefits are not equitably distributed, as persistent issues exist with regard to access and participation. In this manuscript, we describe and evaluate a grant program intended to increase equitable access to youth sports in communities across the United States. We conclude by providing a series of "lessons learned" that may transfer to other park and recreation professionals who wish to address issues of equity in the context of youth sports. The Youth Sports and Play Grant (YSP) is a collaborative effort of the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) and the Walt Disney Company. The YSP funds park improvement projects with the potential to increase equitable access to youth sports in the context of local public park and recreation agencies. During the 2021 grant cycle, NRPA selected 12 park improvement projects. Our evaluation utilizes data from a series of pre- and post-project focus groups conducted with representatives from grantee communities. Our results focus on the impacts of the grant process on (a) the professionals that participated in the grant process, and (b) the grantee communities. Professionals indicated an increased understanding of equity, awareness of constraints, and perceived agency to make positive change. At the community level, the YSP allowed for increased programming, more partnerships to facilitate youth sports participation, and greater facility capacity. A greater understanding of the value of authentic youth voice was recognized by professionals, and as an outcome at the community level. Based on these results, we provide a series of recommendations, including the need to emphasize community and peer-learning among professionals, to provide additional education for professionals on systemic issues related to equity, and to develop a robust process for soliciting and incorporating authentic youth voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hispanic‐Serving Community Colleges enroll and educate a large share of Hispanic postsecondary students. Due to work trends and demographic changes, Hispanic and other historically underrepresented students play a crucial role in shaping the next generation of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) scholars and practitioners. We use data from the National Center for Education Statistics and a difference‐in‐differences technique to estimate the association between federal capacity building grants aimed at improving STEM degree attainment outcomes and associate degree completion. We find receipt of a Title III grant was associated with about a 30% increase in the total number of STEM associate degrees awarded. Further, the grants nearly doubled the number of STEM associate degrees awarded to Hispanic students, on average. This positive relationship is driven by institutions receiving more than one grant. We conclude by discussing these findings and providing federal and institutional recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous funding literature, ample attention has been devoted to the consequences of competition for project grants. These consequences tend to be fueled by status distinctions among grants, but scant attention has been directed toward how such distinctions are constructed. My aim with this paper is to develop new knowledge about the ways in which scientists ascribe meanings that construct status distinctions among grants. Employing qualitative data and a Bourdieu-inspired field perspective, I analyze how early-career scientists in Sweden attributed meanings that constructed and distinguished the status of European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grants (StGs) and Swedish Research Council (SRC) Reserve Grants (RGs), which were otherwise closely connected by common evaluation procedures and equivalent monetary amounts. My findings show how scientists – despite having received equivalent monetary amounts – ascribed starkly different meanings to ERC StGs and SRC RGs, building on perceptions of minimal, yet competition-grounded and expert-sanctioned, divisions introduced by panelists among top-graded applicants during the ERC's evaluations. These divisions were amplified when scientists recast StGs as 'prizes' and RGs as 'consolations'. Such recasting was largely unaltered by acknowledgments that ERC StGs generated much more administrative burdens and economic troubles than SRC RGs. Those burdens and troubles were approached by StG and RG recipients alike as the cost of status, and they believed universities adopted a similar approach. I use my findings to propose contributions, policy implications, and future inquiry avenues suggesting evaluation procedures may play a larger role than monetary amounts for the construction of status distinctions among grants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This environmental scan argues for the value in making grant proposals open access. Applying for and receiving grant funding is an important facet of research. However, accessing information on grant application, review, and award processes remains a particular challenge for early career scholars, researchers from smaller or underresourced institutions, and traditionally marginalized scholars. While the open access movement has made research publications resulting from funded grants publicly available, grant proposals are rarely included. When proposals are shared, they are difficult to find due to variability in metadata implementation and quality. This work asks: What are central challenges in making grant proposals open access? How can increased access to grant proposals contribute to equity and transparency in funding distribution? What existing repositories contain grant materials? What standards and incentives can be established among grant-seeking and funding stakeholders to improve grant proposal accessibility? This work concludes with perspectives shared during a May 2022 advisory group meeting of stakeholders involved in the Institute of Museum and Library Services--funded project Planning for Open Grants, which focuses on potential solutions in grant seeking and funding processes for working toward an open grants standard across research communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the application content and processes of forty Australian philanthropic grant-makers of varying sizes. It presents and briefly discusses the methods and content of pre-grant inquiry, and then considers the underlying nature and purposes of pre-grant inquiry. It is suggested that pre-grant inquiry functions, in part, as a sensemaking device that enables foundations to act with some degree of comfort in an uncertain, ambiguous and risky environment. The paper concludes by suggesting that Australian foundations need to consider carefully the bases, uses, functions and potentially toxic consequences of pre-grant inquiry before it is developed further. Although the data reported are from Australian foundations, many of the wider issues are of relevance to foundations in the UK and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University teachers funded to engage in educational development projects have been found to become increasingly engaged in the scholarship of teaching and learning. However, research also points to obstacles such as departmental culture, lack of support from management, and unhelpful administrative processes. In this study, I interview university teachers and their heads of departments in an educational development grants scheme, to explore dimensions of sustainable educational development. The results show how the sustainability of projects is influenced by the way heads of departments work in partnership with university teachers in relation to local educational cultures, engagement of peers, and legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A matching grant is an important tool to leverage charitable giving. Most research on the effects of matching grants on donations has applied experimental methods to examine how and to what degree these grants affect donors' giving behaviors. Through a 20-year mixed-method longitudinal study of community foundations in Indiana, USA, this study has found that matching grants not only have large and significant impacts on giving but also influence charities' fundraising efforts. The results demonstrate that although matching grants could stimulate a temporal increase in fundraising expenses, they have a significant income effect and might discourage fundraising in the long term. Additionally, repeated provisions of matching grants induce an anticipating effect such that organizations delay fundraising activities for a higher future return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the multi-year nature of additional service discounts within certain legal frameworks concerning healthcare reimbursement regulations in Germany. It states that the case under review by the Administrative Court concerns the refusal to grant an appeal against the lower court's decision, focusing on the interpretation of Mehrleistungsabschlag regulations.

This paper aims to advance the state of knowledge related to innovation and philanthropy, by exploring the emerging field of 'participatory grantmaking' (PGM) through the lens of innovation literature. While there are increasing amounts of European and global grantmakers utilizing more participatory methodologies in their grantmaking as a means to move power and increase the collective ability to create social good, there is yet to be any literature specifically exploring the links between these two fields. This conceptual paper, therefore, uses a broad reading of innovation literature to argue that it is most fruitful to consider PGM as innovation within four modalities: as a form of social innovation, process innovation, both radical and incremental innovation, and user-driven innovation. The paper ultimately finds that user-driven innovation (and in particular co-creation / co-production as a strategy to user-driven innovation) may provide the best examples of theory and practical relevance for those utilizing PGM as a means to democratize philanthropy in Europe and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing a survey conducted in 2016 by the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, this study explores the effects of parenthood on the likelihood of the scientist's first application for the Young Investigator Grant Program administered by the National Science Foundation of China. The analysis indicates that having a child negatively affects scientists' probability of application. However, this parenthood effect varies by scientist's gender and child's age. While women scientists are more adversely affected by having a young child, men scientists are more adversely affected by having an older child. These gendered parenthood effects are moderated by changes in government policy. Both theoretical and policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to know the presence of sustainable development in the thought of the Quranic March whether at the level of concepts and values or at the level of the factors and requirements on which sustainable development is based through the thought and principles of this March، or the diagnoses of the reality of sustainable development projects in Arab and Islamic countries، especially Yemen، in which this March was born and established. This research used the descriptive and inductive approaches by tracing sustainable development in the Qur’anic Movement thought whether at the level of concepts، values، or through the diagnosis of Arab and Islamic experiences in this domain showing the most prominent foundations on which sustainable development is based. The most important findings of the research were: The concept of sustainable development in the thought of the Qur’anic March means development that is not accompanied by humiliation or disgrace to the individual or the nation as God intended. The development directed by Western countries towards the people of the Third World is just a response to the needs of the capitalist system in order to achieve a state of economic and political dependency on the West. The comprehensive Quranic view of sustainable development necessitates that this development does not take place in isolation from religious and ethical controls. Western countries use development projects and lending programs as a cover for controlling and domination of the world، and as a means to hijack the will of the people and governments of developing countries. The thought of the Qur’anic March highlights the most important requirements for achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions: environmental، economic، and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: This study utilized a quantitative analysis of 246 cyberattack incidents reported in the Extremist CyberCrime Database to identify significant predictors of nation‐state‐sponsored cyberattacks relative to those performed by non‐nation‐state‐sponsored ideological actors. Clarke and Newman's Situational Crime Prevention framework for terrorism was used to identify differential opportunities to successfully affect targets on the basis of tools, weapons, and the ability to access targets in online settings. The analysis noted nation‐state‐sponsored attacks were less likely to use high‐visibility attack methods and more likely to utilize attack methods leading to data breaches. In addition, they were more likely to target state governments and military entities relative to ideological actors. Policy Implications: Nation‐state attacks are more difficult to identify or mitigate while in process, requiring a more robust national cybersecurity policy framework to be implemented that moves beyond current practices. There is a need to better utilize all aspects of government, from legislation to grant funding, in order to deter cyberattacks from continuing into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Quantum physicists recognize that the very act of observing causes an inevitable "disturbance of the object observed. Topics include certiorari grant brewed much anticipation that the Court would, for the first time, shed light on § 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 19963 (CDA); and conspires with the person who committed such an act of international terrorism.

The partisan allocation of public funds has a long history in Australian politics. Using a unique dataset, which allows us to distinguish the merit-based component of the funding decision from the politically based component, we examine the 2018–2019 Australian sports grants scandal. We find that local funding allocations for sports infrastructure were directed disproportionately to win marginal electorates and to reward loyal supporters. However, contrary to our expectations, we find virtually no electoral impact of the grants: those electorates that received more sporting grant funding were no more likely to swing in favour of the government in the 2019 election than electorates that received no funding. A straw poll of members of the House of Representatives suggests one possible explanation as to why pork-barrelling persists: parliamentarians tend to overestimate its electoral impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a surge of interest in research integrity over the last decade, with a wide range of studies investigating the prevalence of questionable research practices (QRPs). However, nearly all these studies focus on research design, data collection and analysis, and hardly any empirical research has been done on the occurrence of QRPs in the context of research funding. To fill this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional pre-registered survey of applicants, reviewers and panel members from the Research Foundation–Flanders (FWO), one of the main funding agencies in Belgium. We developed a bespoke survey and further refined it through feedback from experienced researchers and a pilot study. We asked how often respondents had engaged in a series of QRPs over the last ten years. A total of 1748 emails were sent, inviting recipients to participate in the survey, complemented by featuring the survey in the FWO newsletter. This resulted in 704 complete responses. Our results indicate that such QRPs are remarkably prevalent. Of the 496 participants who answered both the applicant and reviewer track, more than 60% responded that they engaged regularly in at least one of such practices, and around 40% indicated that they engaged at least occasionally in half of the QRPs queried. Only 12% reported not to have engaged in any of the QRPs. Contrary to our hypotheses, male respondents did not self-report to engage in the QRPs more often than female respondents, nor was there an association between the prevalence of QRPs and self-reported success rate in grant funding. Furthermore, half of the respondents indicated that they doubted the reliability of the grant peer review process more often than not. These results suggest that preventive action is needed, and provide new reasons to reconsider the practice of allocating research money through grant peer review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Financial barriers in substance use disorder service systems have limited the widespread adoption—i.e., provider-level reach—of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for youth substance use disorders. Reach is essential to maximizing the population-level impact of EBPs. One promising, but rarely studied, type of implementation strategy for overcoming barriers to EBP reach is financing strategies, which direct financial resources in various ways to support implementation. We evaluated financing strategies for the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) EBP by comparing two US federal grant mechanisms, organization-focused and state-focused grants, on organization-level A-CRA reach outcomes. Method: A-CRA implementation took place through organization-focused and state-focused grantee cohorts from 2006 to 2021. We used a quasi-experimental, mixed-method design to compare reach between treatment organizations funded by organization-focused versus state-focused grants (164 organizations, 35 states). Using administrative training records, we calculated reach as the per-organization proportion of trained individuals who received certification in A-CRA clinical delivery and/or supervision by the end of grant funding. We tested differences in certification rate by grant type using multivariable linear regression models that controlled for key covariates (e.g., time), and tested threats to internal validity from our quasi-experimental design through a series of sensitivity analyses. We also drew on interviews and surveys collected from the treatment organizations and (when relevant) interviews with state administrators to identify factors that influenced reach. Results: The overall certification rates were 27 percentage points lower in state-focused versus organization-focused grants (p =.01). Sensitivity analyses suggested these findings were not explained by confounding temporal trends nor by organizational or state characteristics. We did not identify significant quantitative moderators of reach outcomes, but qualitative findings suggested certain facilitating factors were more influential for organization-focused grants (e.g., strategic planning) and certain barrier factors were more impactful for state-focused grants (e.g., states finding it difficult to execute grant activities). Discussion: As the first published comparison of EBP reach outcomes between financing strategies, our findings can help guide state and federal policy related to financing strategies for implementing EBPs that reduce youth substance use. Future work should explore contextual conditions under which different financing strategies can support the widespread implementation of EBPs for substance use disorder treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the creation of the Shôken Fund and its impact on the evolution of the Red Cross movement globally, with a focus on the first quarter of the twentieth century and post-First World War European reconstruction. The Shôken Fund was an initiation of the Japanese Red Cross Society in 1912 to support Red Cross activities in peacetime, administered by the International Committee of the Red Cross. It came into effect in 1920 and the first grants were allocated to Red Cross Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1921. The article contributes to the historiography of the Red Cross movement and twentieth century humanitarianism by arguing that the Japanese Red Cross Society, through its Shôken Fund, played an important but little known role in the transformation of the Red Cross within the first years of the post-First World War period, as it helped to facilitate a shift in focus for the ICRC from war only to one that included peacetime activities such as those advocated by the newly created League of Red Cross Societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grant funding is essential to the advancement of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields with certain grants viewed as especially prestigious and career formative. The goal of this project was twofold: first to describe the gender demographics of the national winners of two prestigious grants and second, to document the impact of an educational program aimed at improving the success for women in STEM fields in a local setting. In Study 1, we analyzed publicly available national data to document gender gaps in National Science Foundation's Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) and National Institutes of Health's K01 awards from 2008-2021. Results showed that, while the ratio of K01 awards favored women, the ratio of men-to-women CAREER awardees favored men. In Study 2, we implemented a grant-writing program for CAREER awards based in self-determination theory at one university and analyzed its impact on funding success. Results comparing before the educational program and after showed that the average annual success rate increased for everyone from 11% to 33%. Women-identified faculty who participated in the program were awarded CAREER funding at a higher rate than would be expected from the number of women eligible to apply or submission rates. While the correlational and observational nature of this study make it impossible to conclude that it was only the educational programs that resulted in the benefits to women's award success, we encourage other universities to consider adapting the program and enable faculty development around grant success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The value of a fully trained microsurgeon dedicated to a laboratory setting at an academic institution is largely unknown. Microsurgery training lacks a national standard despite its highly complicated nature. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of a single laboratory-dedicated microsurgeon on the microsurgical training of integrated plastic surgery residents and collaborative efforts in research. Method We devised a three-faceted microsurgical training curriculum, including a collaborative multi-institutional microsurgery course, novel high-fidelity simulator models, and a dedicated microsurgeon. We cataloged grant funding achieved through support to other divisions' protocols. Time, in hours, spent on training and the number of anastomoses completed with the microsurgical educator in a laboratory setting over a 4-year period (2017–2021) were evaluated. Resident independence scores were collected from attending microsurgeons to quantify the translation of microsurgical training. Results Purchasing and maintenance costs of rats in our rodent facility decreased by $16,533.60 as 198 rats were replaced by our models. The residents who participated in our novel microsurgical training program were able to independently perform anastomoses in the OR by their postgraduate year 6. Additionally, the surgical support offered by our laboratory-dedicated microsurgeon led to a total of $24,171,921 in grant funding between 2017 and 2020. Conclusion Hiring an expert microsurgical educator to train residents in a laboratory has proved promising in accelerating microsurgical mastery. Novel training modules, alternatives to animal models, save resources in housing and animal costs. The addition of a research-oriented-microsurgeon has improved collaborative efforts to advance a range of surgical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter discusses the representation of general internal medicine (GIM) among National Institutes of Health (NIH) career development awardees compared to other medicine specialties. The study found that GIM received the fewest number of grants per early-career faculty compared to other specialties. The authors suggest that funding mechanisms and the lack of research training opportunities for generalists may contribute to this disparity. However, the dataset used in the study does not include information on other sources of funding or grant application rates. The authors emphasize the importance of supporting clinician-investigators with broad perspectives to address pressing health services issues. [Extracted from the article]

Access to published research has always been difficult for researchers and clinicians in low- and middle-income countries, because of the cost of and lack of access to the relevant publications. The dramatic recent increase in electronic research publications has resulted in a marked improvement in reader access to these publications through their mainly Open Access policies, however the costs of processing of submissions and publication have now become the burden of the researchers wishing to publish, rather than the readers. For many researchers working in LMIC, the Article Processing Charges (APC) are prohibitive, hampering the publication of research being conducted in and relevant to these countries. A number of grant funding agencies and international not-for-profit organizations are trying to address these issues by including funding for article publications in their grants, or by supporting publishing entities by subsiding the cost of publication, but more needs to be done by major journal publishers through markedly reducing the APC being charged to researchers in LMIC for open access facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NFMLTA (National Federation of Modern Language Teachers Associations) offers several grant programs to support foreign language professionals and graduate students in their research and conference attendance. The grants include the NFMLTA Conference Presentation Support Grant, which provides up to $1,000 for conference expenses; the NFMLTA/NCOLCTL Graduate Students Research Support Grant, which supports research in applied linguistics and language education; the NFMLTA/MLJ Dissertation Writing Support Grants, which assist graduate students in the dissertation writing stage; the NFMLTA/MLJ Learning and Teaching Priorities Grant, which addresses learning and teaching priorities in language education; the NFMLTA/MLJ New Professors Research Support Grant, which supports new professors conducting research projects; the NFMLTA/MLJ Career Researchers Support Grant, which supports established researchers; and the NFMLTA/MLJ Research Roundtable Conference Grant, which funds small conferences or symposia/colloquia. These grants aim to promote research and professional development in the field of applied linguistics and language learning and teaching. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on a competitive digitization grant program funded by the Digital Library of Georgia (DLG) and selected by the state's cultural heritage stakeholders. It mentions that the program is comprised of a collection of photos and scrapbooks showing the history of Chase Street Elementary School in Athens, spanning the years 1926 and 2000. Also discussed are topics including the collaboration between DLG and Athens-Clarke County Library, and the school's evolution.

In August 2021, the Chinese American Librarians Association (CALA), in partnership with the Asian/Pacific American Librarians Association (APALA), received $100,000 in funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian Program National Forum Grant in the Lifelong Learning project category for Path to Leadership: National Forum to Advance Asian/Pacific Islander American (APIA) Librarianship. Funding from the grant resulted in an online national forum, webinars, and a reunion program. This paper details the planning and implementation of this project. It also includes project evaluation and a proposed curriculum outline to fully develop an APIA leadership program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chapter considers the importance of wraparound services for college students, and their use with College Promise programs in particular. Beginning with how the student debt crisis arose, the chapter explains various College Promise models and funding structures and how they link to and work with Pell grants. First‐dollar, last‐dollar, and middle‐ or last‐dollar‐plus programs are explained. The chapter then addresses what constitutes wraparound services, and why they are critical for students in College Promise programs or receiving Pell grant funding. The chapter then provides some specific examples from both rural (for example Kalamazoo) and urban (such as Baltimore) settings to highlight key elements of College Promise goals, structures, and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]