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Allium tuberosum , commonly known as garlic chives, is an underutilized Allium species despite its significant culinary value for its mild garlic flavor and therapeutic potential due to the presence of sulphur-containing compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study assessed the cultivation potential of A. tuberosum in the non-traditional agro-climatic region of the Western Ghats, focusing on the effects of cultivars and seasonal variations on growth, yield, and quality in two-year field trials. Among the accessions tested, A. tuberosum Kazakhstan CGN-1587 demonstrated the highest yield, producing 157.01 tons of green foliage per hectare. Bright sunshine seasons positively influenced both yield and quality, while the monsoon season induced morphological changes such as increased stem length, reduced leaf width, and decreased stem girth, traits generally considered inferior for market quality. The monsoon also led to increased waste generation, highlighting the need for careful management during this period. Nutritional analysis revealed high concentrations of potassium (5355 mg/kg), phosphorus (691 mg/kg), and sulphur (2484 mg/kg), while biochemical profiling identified bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (3.19 mg/g) and organosulfur compounds, including Allyl Methyl Thiosulfinate (269.00 mg/kg), which contribute to the plant's notable health benefits. These findings support the suitability of A. tuberosum for year-round cultivation in the Western Ghats and its potential for commercialization, especially in regions with similar climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document provides an overview of anaerobic fermentation and high-value bioproducts, emphasizing the need for sustainable waste management practices to transform waste into valuable resources. The global scientific community is exploring integrated biorefineries to extract valuable substances from renewable materials efficiently. The document discusses the challenges faced by anaerobic fermentation technologies in terms of production efficiency, feedstock heterogeneity, and product quality, highlighting the importance of further research to overcome these obstacles and enhance process efficiency and resource utilization. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) like nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) are both emitted and removed by soils. Accurate worldwide allocations of carbon budget are essential for land use planning, global climate change, and climate-related research. Precise measurements, drivers, and mitigation strategies are necessary, given agricultural soil's significant potential storage and emission capacities. Different agricultural management practices cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere and contribute to anthropogenic emissions. Agricultural soils can generate 70% of the world's manmade N2O emissions and also behave as a CO2 sink and a source of organic carbon and as producers and consumers of CH4. When it comes to agronomic management, the source and sink of all these GHGs are distinct. Therefore, several approaches to measuring GHG emissions from agricultural soils are available and can be categorized into chamber systems and remote sensing approaches. Sustainable agriculture stands out as a viable and transformative approach to increase agricultural efficiency while addressing the challenge of GHG emissions. Incorporating advanced technologies, precise data analytics, and site-specific management practices can offer a pathway to mitigate GHG emissions, thereby reducing the global warming potential (GWP). Therefore, this review paper focuses solely on the drivers influencing and involving soil emissions and on quantification approaches for GHG emissions. In addition, mitigation practices aimed at optimizing GHG emissions from agricultural soils are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversifying agroecosystems enhance the sustainability of agricultural production and reduce input dependency during agroecological transitions. To achieve this objective, a study was conducted to assess the impact of intercropping and the introduction of flowering plant strips on land use efficiency and crop damage in a lettuce and broccoli association. The results indicated that the introduction of flowering plant strips alone led to a significant increase in land use efficiency, while intercropping alone did not have any such effect. The efficiency was measured using the land use equivalent ratio (LER), which consistently showed values greater than 1, suggesting a significant increase in efficiency. It should be noted that the presence of flower strips in the crop fields were found to increase the incidence of molluscs and Plutella xyllostella. Additionally, the competitive ratio analysis revealed that broccoli was more competitive than lettuce in the intercropping system. Therefore, farmers can increase the efficiency of land use and profitability by incorporating flower strips in the intercropping systems of broccoli and lettuce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe) fertilization on secondary metabolites, particularly quercetin and its forms, in onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.). Field experiments over two years examined four onion varieties with red, yellow, and white colors of bulbs: Kamal, Robin, Pueblo, and Mundo. The parameters investigated included the yield, dry matter content, and average onion weight. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were also analyzed. The free quercetin, bound quercetin, and total quercetin contents were determined using the HPLC method. The results demonstrated notable increases in yield following the application of nitrogen (NH4+) and sulfur (SO42−) fertilizers. Incorporating iron (Fe2+) alongside these fertilizers did not yield a significant impact compared to N+S variant. The phenolic and flavonoid content varied with fertilization, while the quercetin content did not yield statistically significant results. Overall, the study highlights the complex relationship between fertilization practices and secondary metabolite production in onions, emphasizing the need for sustainable intensification in modern agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most dangerous pests for many crops worldwide, including the melon. Here, we raise the hypothesis that the resistance of melon genotypes to the spider mite is associated with the morphological characteristics of the leaves. We determined (i) the feeding preference and oviposition suitability of T. urticae on four melon genotypes, (ii) various biological parameters and population growth rate (ri) of T. urticae on different melon genotypes, (iii) the leaf morphology of the melon genotypes, and (iv) the relationship between the leaf characteristics and resistance to T. urticae. In no choice tests, lower numbers of adults and eggs of T. urticae were found in the genotypes CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 11–1071-43, and CNPH 06-1047-341 compared to control (Goldex). Individuals that fed on CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 genotypes had a longer egg incubation time, longer development time, lower immature viability, longer time to reach adult stage (egg–adult) and lower instantaneous rate of increase compared to control. These findings are in line with the fact that these three genotypes had thicker epidermis and greater mesophyll thickness than control genotype "Goldex". Even the genotypes CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 had higher trichome densities, this morphological characteristic was not related with the resistance to T. urticae. CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 showed antibiosis and antixenosis against T. urticae and that resistance of the melon to T. urticae wss associated with the greater thickness of the leaf epidermis and mesophyll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The expansion of the area with organic agriculture is due to the market trend towards the consumption of healthier foods. However, with the increase in the cost of fertilizers imported by the country, the adjustment of doses and management practices with alternative sources for plant nutrition, such as biofertilizer, can be an alternative for the sustainability of properties. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Bebedouro (CEB) of EMBRAPA Semi-Arid Region in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, from September to December 2019, to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses on the production aspects of three watermelon varieties in the semiarid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to six doses of biofertilizer (0; 80; 160; 240; 320 and 400 mL plant-1) and three varieties of watermelon (Explorer, Red Heaven, and Majestic), with four replicates. Yield, number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit length, length: diameter ratio, pulp firmness, rind thickness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were analyzed. The number of fruits per plant was not altered by biofertilizer doses. However, the variables yield and average fruit mass were altered by the interaction between varieties and biofertilizer doses. With yield of 40.22 t ha-1 obtained at the dose 201.33 mL plant-1, the Explorer variety proved to be more efficient with the use of biofertilizer in organic system. Positive responses to biofertilizer application in postharvest quality attributes were obtained in Explorer and Red Heaven varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic and biotic factors influence the productivity and quality of melon fruit; therefore, the protection of plants using agrotextile mesh is a solution that can be agronomically viable, as it reduces the use phytosanitary pesticides and allows for greater productivity and, consequently, quality. The objective this study was to evaluate the influence of coverage time with an agrotextile (0, 21, 26 and 31 days after transplanting (DAT)) in melon hybrids 'Gold Mine', 'Soleares', 'Lual' and 'Natal' on productivity and fruit quality attributes. The plants that were protected with agrotextile mesh for 21 and 26 DAT had higher productivity (53.5 and 52.1 t ha-1). Among the hybrids, all excellent plots produced above 42.4 1 t ha-1. Of the observed hybrid quality parameters, 'Natal' protected for 21 DAT showed a better total phenol content and a higher maturation index, and 'Soleares' protected for 21 DAT showed a higher DPPH antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the lack of specific fertilization recommendations for jambu cultivation, producers commonly use fertilizers recommended for other vegetables. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic fertilizers, namely hoof and horn powder and castor bean cake, on jambu plant production under an organic system. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP, belonging to the School of Agriculture (FCA) - UNESP, and at the "Estância Três Nascentes" site, located in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Twelve treatments were evaluated, in a 2 x 6 factorial design, consisting of two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake (CBC) and hoof and horn powder (HHP)) x 6 top dressing N doses (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 0 (control without these fertilizers)). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Plant height (PH), number of inflorescences (NI), the fresh weight of inflorescence (FWI), the fresh weight of vegetative parts (FWVP), and the total fresh weight (TFW) were evaluated at each location. Linear increases were observed in all characteristics in both locations as the fertilizer doses increased. Comparing the highest dose (150 kg ha-1 of N) with the control, increases of 109%, 251%, 218%, 283%, and 227% were obtained at the farm in São Manuel, and 69%, 79%, 111%, 276%, and 118% in Botucatu, for PH, NI, FWVP, FWI, and TFW, respectively. When comparing the two fertilizers, HHP presented better results than CBC for most characteristics in both areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of controlled greenhouses can be an alternative for melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivation. Growing melon in greenhouses lowers the risk of pests and infections by diverse pathogens. Low solar irradiation during the rainy season and pollution in the greenhouse roof, may cause shade stress conditions for the plants inside. This study aimed to elucidate the plant and fruit characteristics of nine genotypes of melon grown under shade conditions in a greenhouse and the variability among them. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University, Bogor, from November 2016 to January 2017. The genetic materials evaluated were nine melon genotypes from the Center for Tropical Fruit Studies at IPB University. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was followed. Shade intensity in the greenhouse was approximately 25%. The results showed that the genotype effect was significant for internode length, petiole length, plant height fruit, flesh thickness, fruit rind thickness, fruit weight, and total soluble solids. Genotype means for fruit weight were small in this experiment (< 300 g), whereas the total soluble solids were moderate to high (8.7-14.3 °Brix). Fruit diameter had a positive and significant correlation with leaf length, leaf width, and fruit length, whereasfruit weight had a positive and significant correlation with fruit diameter and fruit length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the dose and source of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on plant vegetative growth, productivity, and quality of onion bulbs in the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. For this purpose, the experimental design included three doses of N (50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1, corresponding to 50, 100 and 150% of the recommended dose, respectively), and two N sources (urea, 45% of N; and and ammonium sulfate, 20 % of N). It was verified that the increment of N doses resulted in more vigorous plants and, consequently, in greater productive gains. In addition, it was found that the use of ammonium sulfate provided a 37.2% increase in bulb weight and total productivity and a 59.6% increase in the productivity of Class III marketable bulbs compared to urea. In addition, it was concluded that, for onion cultivation under tropical conditions, like in the present study, the use of a dose equivalent to 150% of the recommendation for onion provides better productive performance of the crop, especially when associated with the use of sulfate ammonium as N source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ground cover produced by green manures has a direct influence on weed suppression and, in addition, the biomass produced by these same plants influences crop growth. This study was carried out to compare the effect of green manure species on the incidence of weeds, in sequence, in order to evaluate the effects of the use of green manure cover on the productive characteristics of maize plants. A completely randomised experimental design was used, with 11 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were cover crops Canavalia ensiformis (T1), Cajanus cajan (T2), Stizolobium pruriens (T3), Crotalaria juncea (T4), Phaseolus vulgaris (T5), Stizolobium trigre (T6), Stizolobium aterrimum (T7), Crotalaria retusa (T8), Crotalaria breviflora (T9), Dolichos lablab (T10), and conventional system (T11). Ninety days after sowing, the green manures were cut, and 30 days after the green manures were cut, the hybrid maize Crop Top 520 was sown. The variables evaluated in relation to the planting of green manures were the green and dry biomass of green manures, alongside the green biomass of weeds and suppression of weeds. Concerning maize plants, the variables evaluated were plant height at 60 DAS, stalk diameter at 60 DAS, number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per grain row, and yield. The averages were subsequently analyzed using Tukey's test at 95% significance level. The use of green manure significantly reduces the green mass of weeds up to 90 days due to lack of access to light of the weeds, which reduces their appearance and growth. Stizolobium aterrimum showed the best results both as a dry mass producer and weed suppressor and also as a yield enhancer in maize crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change threatens the possibility of ensuring sufficient and quality food for the population. The agricultural sector, considered to be one of the main contributors to the increase of CO2 -equivalents (CO2 -eq) in the atmosphere, faces one of the most difficult challenges for the sector: increasing production while reducing its impact on the environment. The improvement of adopted practices should be preceded by the quantification of generated emissions. This study aims to provide information on the analysis of the global warming potential (GWP) of tomatoes in Sicily, comparing organic and conventional cultivation methods. The methodology applied is the Life Cycle Assessment, which revealed a reduction in CO2 -eq for the organic method compared to the conventional one due to the use of organic fertilisers and crop protection products allowed by organic specifications. The possibility of reducing tomato GWP offers farmers the opportunity to act on the cultivation stage by making it more sustainable and at the same time to communicate the beneficial action, towards the environment, through the product label. The research also highlights that organic production, with the application of new production and pest management techniques, is comparable in terms of quantity produced per hectare to conventional production and with excellent fruit quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Dyna is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Facultad de Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronómica is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Colloquium Agrariae is the property of Asociacao Prudentina de Educacao e Cultura (APEC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forms of application (before planting and as top dressing) of organic fertilizers, namely castor bean cake and hoof and horn powder, on the production of jambu plants. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP, and at the 'Estância Três Nascentes' site in Botucatu, SP. Seven treatments were evaluated in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial design, with two organic fertilizers, castor bean cake (CBC) and hoof and horn powder (HHP), and three forms of application (100% before planting, 100% as top dressing, and 50% before planting + 50% as top dressing), plus a control treatment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Plant height, number of inflorescences (NI), fresh weight of inflorescences (FWI), fresh weight of vegetative parts (FWVP), and total fresh weight (TFW) were evaluated at each location. In São Manuel, there was a difference between fertilizers in the forms of application, 100% before planting and 50% before planting + 50% as top dressing, for FWVP and for TFW only in the first form. In Botucatu, HHP resulted in higher NI when applied 100% before planting and FWVP and TFW between fertilizers when applied 100% as top dressing. The increases compared to the control, with HHP and CBC, were 81%, 83%, 168%, 83%, and 95% in São Manuel and 19%, 42%, 316%, 56%, and 67%, in Botucatu, for plant height, NI, FWI, FWVP, and TFW, respectively, confirming the importance of supplementing base fertilization with organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weed interference is a great problem in olericulture, requiring viable techniques for their control. From this perspective, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of mulching and different sowing methods on the yield of organic carrot. The experiment was conducted in the state of Acre from July to September 2018 using the carrot cultivar Brasília Irecê. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design under a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement with four weed control methods: bare ground, organic mulching, plastic mulching, and solarization; and three types of sowing: direct sowing, indirect sowing, and pre-germinated seeds. The evaluations were performed after 81 days. The highest organic commercial yield was obtained using plastic mulching in direct sowing (44.87 t ha-1) and pre-germinated sowing (44.39 t ha-1). Solarization and organic mulching were efficient to favor the conventional commercial yield. Weed suppression was higher in the soil protected by organic and plastic mulching. The use of plastic mulching allied to direct and pre-germinated sowing increases the yield of organic carrot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two organic fertilizers used before planting and in top dressing in the production of parsley. Seven treatments were evaluated, resulted from the factorial 2 x 3 + 1: two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake, and hoof and horn powder) x 3 modes of application (100% before planting; 100% in top dressing; 50% before planting and 50% in top dressing) + 1 control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications and plots of 1 m2. Two harvests were done and in both the following characteristics were evaluated: the relative chlorophyll index ("Spad"), plant height, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) matter weight of shoot and macronutrients accumulation. There was no significant difference for the "Spad" index in both harvests. For the other characteristics, the control was inferior to the other treatments. In the comparison among application modes, the treatment with castor bean cake, 100% before planting, was inferior to the other applications modes of this fertilizer for FW and DW. For hoof and horn powder, the 100% in top dressing application mode was superior to other applications. In the comparison between fertilizers, the hoof and horn powder was superior to castor bean cake in both harvests when application was done 100% before planting. The descending order of macronutrients accumulation was: K > N > Ca > P > Mg. Therefore, it is recommended to apply hoof and horn powder, 100% in top dressing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is a cucurbitaceous plant of great social and economic importance in Brazil, especially in the north-eastern region. However, anthropic actions through the practice of irrigation, fertigation and fertilization in an inadequate way, have potentiated the salinization of the soil becoming this one of the main factors that limit the production and the quality of the fruits. In this work, the effects of the application of mineral fertilization on the salinization of soil cultivated with watermelon were evaluated. The experiment was performed in the city of Petrolina-PE, with four repetitions, using five treatments: (T0) no fertilization, (T1) NPK fertilization, (T2) average dose of NPK practiced by producers, (T3) maximum dose of NPK from producers having potassium chloride as a source of potassium and (T4) maximum dose of NPK from producers having potassium sulfate as a source of potassium, at two different depths: 0.00 - 0.20 m and 0.20 - 0.60 m. The soil chemical attributes analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium. The increase in the continuous application of mineral fertilizers raised the electrical conductivity values of the soil to levels prejudicial to the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction with weeds jeopardizes the nutrients accumulation in the carrots' plants. The mulch can reduce competition effects and provide advantages to the cultivation. This research aimed to assess the black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) hay mulch effect on dry matter accumulation of weeds and nutrients (N, P, K, and S) accumulation in the carrots plants cultivar "Alvorada." The experiments were set during the crop seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in a randomized-block design with a factorial scheme 2 x 5, with five repetitions. The first factor corresponded to soil cover (with or without mulch), and the second factor, to the interaction time with weeds (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days after emergence). The interaction with the weed community reduced nutrients absorption and dry matter accumulation in the roots of the carrot's plants. Interference with nutrients absorption was more intense in crops without black oat hay mulch than with mulch. Mulch can reduce weeds' dry mass by 75.6% during the entire culture cycle. Therefore black oak oat mulch reduces the weed interference allowing higher nutrients accumulation and roots biomass in the carrots plants cultivar "Alvorada.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). However, high lignin content in OPEFBs may hinder their valorisation to bioenergy resources, as its degradation by microorganisms is rate-limiting. This paper aims to review OPEFB as feedstock in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems and sustainable strategies to enhance methane yield. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the availability of OPEFB, the prospective of AD technology, and compares various biological pre-treatment and co-digestion strategies for superior AD process. Improving the value-added benefits from OPEFBs and simultaneously making pre-treatment processes more sustainable is critical to wider application. Several scenarios were proposed by combining multi-stage pre-treatment of physical and mushroom cultivation pre-treatment prior to AD. This paper presents an original approach to establishing a commercially viable and sustainable AD of OPEFBs in Indonesia by integrating multi-product biorefinery and a circular economy. Further investigation is required to ensure cost-effective and eco-friendly configurations. Abbreviations: ABR: Anaerobic Baffled Reactor; AD: Anaerobic Digestion; AF: Anaerobic Filter; AFEX: Ammonia Fibre Expansion; AI: Artificial Intelligence; AnMBR: Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor; ANN: Artificial Neural Network; ASP: Activated Sludge Process; CMM: Cattle Manure and Maize Silage; COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand; CPO: Crude Palm Oil; CPW: Cocoa Pods Waste; CSTR: Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor; DH: Dry Husk; DM: Dry Matter; DMF: 2,5-dimethylfuran; EM: Effective Microorganisms; EGSB: Expanded Granular Sludge Bed; FBR: Fluidised Bed Reactors; FFB: Fresh Fruit Bunch; FTIR: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; GHG: Greenhouse Gasses; HRT: Hydraulic Retention Time; IC: Internal Circulation Reactor; IoT: Internet of Things; Lac: Laccase Enzyme; L-AD: Liquid-AD; LiP: Lignin Peroxidase; LRAD: Low-Rate AD; MARS: Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines; MCC: Microcrystalline Cellulose; MDF: Medium-Density Fibreboard; MEMR: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Republic of Indonesia; ML: Machine Learning; MnP: Manganese Peroxidase; MPA: Marine Predators Algorithm; MSW: Municipal Solid Waste; OFMSW: Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste; OLR: Organic Loading Rates; OPEFBs: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches; OPF: Oil Palm Fibre; OPKS: Oil Palm Kernel Shell; OPMF: Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibre; OPT: Oil Palm Trunk; P(3HB): Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate); PHA: Polyhydroxyalkanoate; PLTBg: Biogas Power Plants; POM: Palm Oil Mill; POME: Palm Oil Mill Effluent; SCG: Spent Coffee Grounds; SRF: Solid Refused Fuel; SRT: Solids Retention Time; SS-AD: Solid-State AD; TS: Total Solid; TSI: Torrefaction Severity Index; UASB: Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket; VFA: Volatile Fatty Acids; VP: Versatile Peroxide; VS: Volatile Solid; W2E: Waste-to-Energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista IRRIGA - Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Revista IRRIGA (Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente is the property of Revista em Agronegocio e Meio Ambiente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista IRRIGA - Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Revista IRRIGA (Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)