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In Nigeria, the improper use of government resources has proven to be a big concern. While residents live in abject poverty, it is important to highlight that the government at all levels generates adequate resources to eradicate poverty in the country provided there is strong administration and financial discipline. This study examined the efficiency of government independent resources at all levels in poverty reduction. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of the independent government resources on poverty reduction. The study covered a period from 2007 to 2020 using secondary form of data. The autonomous income of each level of government was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin while the per capita income used as proxy for poverty control was collected from the World Bank Development Indicator. The study applied multiple regression approach in examining the influence of government resources at all levels on poverty reduction. Consequently, the regression result showed that each level of government generates resources capable of reducing poverty in Nigeria. The authors of this paper recommended financial discipline, strong governance, and resource conservation. This was the first study to explore monetary ceiling and to use government independent resources at all levels in assessing the role the government may play in decreasing poverty in Nigeria, using the available resources at each level of government in the country

The delegation of government fiscal expenditure is a significant avenue via which the required environmental quality is intended to be accomplished. Climate change is a big worry across the world. Every government is putting forth enormous effort to handle the problem in order to keep human occupancy across the globe. It is not out of place for the government to prudently allocate the necessary resources to Nigeria's three levels of government in order to maintain the environment. The government budget is the primary tool for capturing this expenditure obligation and enabling governments at all levels to bear it successfully. As a result, this study investigates the effectiveness of the three levels of government's fiscal obligations in reducing CO2 emissions in Nigeria. The study spans the years 2005 through 2020, with data analyzed utilizing numerous regression techniques and correlation. According to the data, state fiscal expenditure has a minor destructive impression on haze secretion management, however local government has a large deleterious bearing with smoke decline. On the other hand, federal government budgetary expenditure has a considerable and favorable influence on CO2 emission control. As a result, increased government resources are required to address the environmental pollution challenge. According to the report, all levels of government should invest heavily in green technologies in order to attain pollution-free living conditions. Fiscal spending delegation should apply pollution control adoption costs necessary for biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with leading role of managers in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of management in all spheres of social life. At the same time, the relevance is dictated by the need, in this regard, to study more deeply the factors of the formation and development of managerial potential, and, consequently, increase the efficiency of managerial activity and the success of a managerial career. The material for the analysis was the data obtained at the Faculty of Evaluation and Development of Managerial Human Resources of the Graduate School of Public Administration of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in the course of personal and professional diagnostics of managers of different government levels working in the state and non-state spheres. The questionnaire “Assessment of management potential”, developed at the Faculty, as well as the method for assessing the cognitive characteristics of management personnel were used by us as diagnostic tools. Cognitive characteristics have been identified that provide the greatest opportunities for the formation of cognitive characteristics (expert competence, persistence and dedication and strategic leadership). The dynamics of the relationship between cognitive characteristics and managerial leaders, depending on their position in the structure of the hierarchy, is shown in this article. It was found that cognitive characteristics make the greatest contribution to the formation of managerial potential among managers at the initial level of management, having a decisive influence on meta-competence, ensuring the performance of leadership functions and continuous self-improvement of the manager. At the same time, it was shown that the managers of the highest group have the influence of cognitive characteristics on managerial analytical potential, an increase in the ability for self-development and expert competence, an increase in the ability to compare, the ability to quality, and the total indicator for the identified cognitive characteristics. Increased creativity and flexibility of thinking leads to a decrease in the level of strategic leadership, willingness to work together, as well as competencies and self-management.

In December 2016, Italy’s failed referendum highlighted the question of the place of regions in the Italian institutional landscape. Nearly twenty years ago, a series of changes to the country's Constitution marked a decisive turn toward federalism and regional level empowerment, with a President elected by direct universal suffrage. In their last political speeches, regional executives are allowed to develop a more personal and subjective vision of the region. This paper aims to understand how those political leaders are giving meaning to the regional scale, linking it in their discourses with others administrative levels, with a particular emphasis on the case of European Union. For this purpose, I applied lexical analysis and research for specific vocabulary to a corpus of 8 speeches pronounced by the newly elected presidents of the regions Emilia-Romagna and Lazio between 2000 and 2015. It appears that the necessity of positioning in the relations of power between scales of government varies according to time or political leader’s interests. The analysis also shows that discourses in Emilia-Romagna contain much more references to European Union than those in Lazio, which are more interested in the national scale. This could mean a difference in the Europeanness level of their political elites.

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Political coordination and policy outcomes may be the result not only of the position of the 'median voter' in a political scale but also of the heterogeneity of preferences around the median. Depending on the level of government and the type of policy, such heterogeneity may lead to lower public spending and redistribution. We assess this issue empirically by analyzing the relationship between the distribution of preferences for redistribution and the amount of public expenditure at different levels of government and for several types of spending in 23 European countries. Our results suggest a negative and significant correlation between heterogeneity of preferences for redistribution and public spending that is stronger at the local level and for redistributive functions, independent of the median individual's preferences. • Policy outcomes depend on the heterogeneity of individuals' preferences. • Public spending is negatively correlated with the polarization of redistribution preferences. • At the central level, mainly cash transfers are correlated with the heterogeneity of preferences. • At the local level, in-kind transfers are also correlated with the heterogeneity of preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]