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Since 2020, China has dramatically increased the ambition, scope, and resources of its technology and industrial policy. The government has also expanded direct intervention in the economy, creating new organizational forms in order to link researchers, technology providers, and firms. This program aims to re-engineer the innovation chain—and with it, the entire industrial economy. In this policy brief, Barry Naughton, Sokwanlok Chair of Chinese International Affairs at the School of Global Policy and Strategy at UC San Diego, analyzes the implications of these dramatic interventions. He argues that China’s program is weakly planned, scattershot, and incremental; highly protectionist in nature; and driven by security concerns. The economic impact of these moves, Naughton says, will almost certainly be negative—for China and for the world.

This study examines cases to identify sufficient conditions that give rise to tourism sanctions as a means of economic statecraft. Tourism sanctions indicate a state’s restrictions on outbound tourism to achieve diplomatic goals. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to compare relevant cases. Results demonstrated that tourism sanctions are likely to tackle hard security issues when any of the following sets of conditions are present: 1) targets are highly dependent on the source market, but not overall dependent on tourism, or 2) targets are tourism-dependent democracies. Tourism sanctions are typically intended to have a limited impact on a target rather than to topple its economy. Findings shed light on the less discovered aspect of international tourism as most of the cases are comparatively recent and still under researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe digital economy has the potential to facilitate digitization and green transformation within the transportation sector, but further research is warranted on how it can enhance the sector’s green total factor productivity (GTFP). Utilizing provincial data from China spanning 2013 to 2021, this study investigates the impact of the digital economy on the transportation sector’s GTFP. The findings are as follows: (1) The transportation sector exhibits a U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and GTFP. The inflection point of the U-shaped curve is at 0.441, with 81.11% of the samples falling to the left of this point. It is primarily through technological progress and innovation, rather than changes in technological efficiency, that the digital economy influences the improvement of GTFP. (2) The U-shaped relationship exhibits heterogeneity and varies depending on the mode and content of transportation. The U-shaped relationship is more pronounced in regions with lower total traffic volume on highways and railways or higher traffic volume on waterways. For transportation content, DEEI and GTFP show a significant U-shaped relationship in areas with high traffic volumes of passengers and freights. (3) Government intervention can attenuate the U-shaped relationship, which leads to a flatter curve. The market-driven level has the capability to strengthen the U-shaped relationship, resulting in a steeper curve. In conclusion, these findings contribute to deeper insights into the U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and GTFP, offering valuable guidance for policymakers seeking to improve GTFP in the transportation sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital inclusive finance eases credit constraints on innovative small and medium-sized enterprises which contributes to urban green technology innovation in China. Government intervention plays an essential role in the development of digital inclusive finance. Based on the panel data of 243 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the relationship between digital inclusive finance and urban green technology innovation as well as the intrinsic mechanism of government intervention. The findings show that, even after a series of robustness tests, digital inclusive finance can promote the quantity and quality of green technology innovation. In terms of its mechanism, digital inclusive finance can empower green technology innovation by complementing traditional financial development and stimulating green consumption, both in terms of supply and demand. At the same time, in the dynamic process of digital financial inclusion from low to high, the development of traditional finance and green consumption level on the marginal promotion of green technology innovation continues to strengthen. The nonlinear relationship test reveals that there is a significant double threshold effect on the positive impact of digital inclusive finance on urban green technology innovation with the evolution of government intervention. The innovation incentive effect of digital financial inclusion will be marginal decreasing with the increase of government intervention. Further considering the heterogeneity of urban geographic location and environmental regulation, it is found that digital financial inclusion promotes green technology innovation more in eastern and high-environmental regulation cities. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper argues that while developing digital inclusion finance, government support policies should be adjusted promptly to constantly stimulate the "Metcalfe's law" effect of digital inclusive finance enabling green technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, three dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) has gained traction as a promising technology to mitigate the carbon footprint associated with construction industry. However, despite its environmental benefits, studies frequently overlook its impact on social sustainability and its overall influence on project success. This research investigates how strategic decisions by firms shape the tradeoffs between economic, environmental, and social sustainability in the context of 3DCP adoption. Through interviews with 20 Indian industry leaders, it was found that companies primarily invest in 3DCP for automation and skilled workforce development, rather than solely for environmental reasons. The lack of incentives for sustainable practices in government procurement regulations emerges as a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of 3DCP. Our study identifies five key strategies firms employ to promote sustainability through 3DCP and proposes actionable measures for government intervention to stimulate its advancement. Addressing these issues is crucial for realizing the full societal and environmental benefits of 3DCP technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional model of community public service in China is experiencing a nuanced transformation, which has been spurred by increased government involvement and the growing openness of communities in the realm of public governance. Recent scholarly inquiries have revealed a strong association between the level of government intervention and the satisfaction of residents with public services. This means that communities with higher levels of government intervention typically enjoy more comprehensive public facilities and services, thereby increasing residents' satisfaction with community public services. This article analyzes 2021 social security system data and finds that government intervention often has a beneficial impact on improving residents' satisfaction with public services, although it may also have negative effects in certain specific areas. In addition, the impact of government participation and community openness on residents' satisfaction is moderated by various factors such as residents' own economic statuses and education levels. To achieve this goal, government officials and community leaders should focus on improving the nature and degree of government intervention and community openness in order to more fully meet the needs of residents and increase their satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social housing for socially vulnerable segments of the population is a significant component of governmental social policy, as it is directly linked to demographic and migration processes, socially vulnerable groups and people with special needs, poverty alleviation, social integration, and community development. The study conducts a bibliometric analysis (using VOSviewer tools) of the scientific literature on social housing policy and management. The study filtered more than 6,000 research papers indexed in the Scopus database from 1983 to 2024. The purpose was to structure the global scientific knowledge on governmental management of social housing as an element of the state’s social policy, focusing on the following directions. The first is the evolution of scientific thought. The analysis revealed a rapid growth in scientific interest starting from 1991; the earliest articles were published in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and the United States, while scholars from Spain, Mexico, and Italy joined after 2020. The second is the complexity or conversely – concentration of research networks. The top five countries by the number of works are the United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Italy, and the United States; the most powerful research schools are in the Netherlands, Australia, and the United Kingdom; the most extensive scientific connections are held by the Netherlands, the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, and France. The third is the content-thematic orientation of the research. The paper identified the predominance of works from social sciences; social housing issues are most frequently studied in connection with public health and inequality issues.

The Great Central Gas Consumers’ Company (GCGCC) was established by the metropolitan middle class to address the detrimental effects of gas industry monopoly through the promotion of market competition. It revealed that the middle class staunchly advocated for the use of liberalism to safeguard their own rights and interests, coinciding with Britain’s wider acceptance of liberalism and echoing the clarion call of the era of liberalism. Government engagement and interference in the formation of the GCGCC, as well as the ensuing disputation around it, could be seen as a manifestation of the principle of liberalism rather than a violation thereof. It reflected that liberalism was neither the absence of government nor total laissez-faire. The fact that the old gas companies adjusted their positions and compromised in favour of liberal principles demonstrated the more flexible response mechanisms of the modern industrial system to industrial and social problems, as well as the significant influence of liberalism on the development of the British industrial sector and society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine and the resurgence of the Middle East conflict, government measures to support the economy have intervened massively in economic activity and thus influenced the real insolvency situation. This situation creates disruptive conditions in insolvency counselling and requires comprehensive risk management for the strategic safeguarding of internal processes in insolvency counselling companies. Despite a number of academic articles that address a lack of risk awareness in insolvency counselling, there have been no valid statistical surveys on this topic to date. The topic has also been largely ignored in practice. This article presents a study that examines risk management in insolvency advisory companies in the context of government intervention in the global economy from 2020 to 2023. The aim of the research is to assess the necessity and existence of risk management in these companies. A survey of 350 insolvency advisors was conducted between March and April 2024, from which 113 complete data sets could be analysed. The central hypothesis of the research study is that a significant majority of insolvency advisory companies have insufficient risk awareness and do not implement comprehensive risk management strategies. The survey results confirm that risk management is rarely practised and that a well-founded risk awareness is lacking in most consulting companies. It is noteworthy that two-thirds of those surveyed consider the benefits of risk management to be low, although more than half of those surveyed recognise increased risks due to government crisis measures. Ultimately, this study concludes with a recommendation that a standardised EU insolvency regulation could offer the greatest benefits for the insolvency sector, as it would simplify risk management for consultants in all member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a popular form of port investment in developing countries. Collaboration with the government can be critical to the success of a port PPP, which may also eventually affect a firm's risk and performance. This study empirically investigates the impact of project-specific and company-specific factors on government ownership in a port public-private partnership in developing countries. Results show that a higher proportion of government ownership in port PPPs is associated with a larger PPP investment amount, a higher historical proportion of government ownership, and presence of both foreign and other types of private investors. On the other hand, presence of bidding, local private investors, and vertical and horizontal integration are negatively correlated with the proportion of government ownership. This study can provide private investors with a reference framework to identify potential port PPP projects to enter based on their preferences, capabilities, and portfolios. It can also assist inexperienced port authorities in analysing when to take ownership of port PPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes the case for urban planners to become active participants in discussions concerning the placement of nextgeneration nuclear power plants. Centered upon an evolving concept of creating small modular reactors (SMRs), these plants are now being created and tested at various sites. They are intended to be low carbon sources of energy. While extensive technical research on SMRs is ongoing, the planning community has been quiet about the local impacts that could occur from their placement. This paper offers a review of the attitudes toward nuclear power, the characteristics of SMRs and why planners should be involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opportunities in the coconut industry are promising. However, several issues remain unresolved, including ageing coconut plants, shrinking land area, inaccessible technology for farmers, a lack of financing, uneven market absorption, and a dearth of diverse coconut products. This study aims to look at the impacts of government intervention on the comparative advantage of coconut farming in Malaysia. Scopus, the Web of Science, and Emerald were the three electronic databases that were searched for publications between 2010 and 2023 (i.e., a cumulative index to give an overview of the impacts of government intervention on the comparative advantage of coconut farming in Malaysia). Titles and abstracts were checked separately from the entire content. Furthermore, this review highlights that out of the twenty articles examined, no single article was authored in Malaysia. This suggests that there needs to be more research conducted in Malaysia on this subject. The analysed research demonstrates that government interventions can have both positive and negative effects on the comparative advantage of coconut farming. Supportive policies such as subsidies, research funding, and infrastructure development aimed at enhancing productivity and competitiveness can bolster Malaysia's position in the global coconut market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is an expansive literature on public attitudes towards the welfare state, we know comparatively little about public attitudes toward child protection. Gauging public opinion about the state's role in protecting children is complicated by the contested ideas that underlie the field. Child protection lies at the nexus between competing values about state obligations to allow unfettered parental freedom or to permit constraints on some parental behaviors. At issue is also the notion of balancing the individual rights of the parties involved: parents and children. Similar to the larger welfare state literature, public attitudes about child protection may be shaped by core human values. This study includes representative samples of the public in Norway and California (n = 2148), countries that are commonly viewed as representative of social democratic and liberal welfare state regimes. Respondents reviewed a vignette portraying a child at risk of harm and were asked a series of questions to gauge whether and/or how the state might constrain the parent's behavior, questions pertaining to the rights of children, and their views about core human values. Findings indicate that residents of Norway were more likely to favor the values of security and equal rights, and Californians more likely to favor the value of self-direction. Contrary to the larger body of welfare state literature which suggests that human values help explain public attitudes about welfare provisions, in general, this study did not find that human values generally explained differences in country attitudes toward constrained parenting or toward children's rights. Findings offer an exploratory first step in expanding notions about child protection as nested in welfare states.

Business resilience and government intervention are critical in navigating crises. Guided by resilience theory and concepts of state intervention in global crises, this article examines firm-level strategies to the Covid-19 pandemic. The qualitative findings decipher adaptive resilience and business survival strategies concerning cashflow management, human resource management, management of current liabilities, asset management, and alternative business avenues. Government intervention included financial assistance, wage subsidy, loan moratorium, and other stimulus measures. Findings reveal mixed responses, highlighting the need for tailored and effective government intervention. The study extends resilience theory by integrating state intervention as an external driver of adaptive resilience, thereby providing a holistic understanding of resilience in crises. Practical implications provide policy-makers with insights on more effective crisis response strategies.

ABSTRACT. This article delves into the impact and role of the lower middle class on Indonesia’s environmental landscape. Despite their social and economic marginalization, this demographic heavily relies on cheap, easily accessible fast fashion for clothing, leading to detrimental environmental consequences such as ecosystem degradation and pollution. This research was carried out by conducting a literature review through library research, where the data came from library data collection. This study further analyzes literature regarding socio-economic dynamics and environmental problems. This approach unveiled the lower middle class’s profound influence of fast fashion consumption on Indonesia’s environment. The research highlights the lower middle class’s pivotal role in fast fashion waste distribution, exacerbating environmental pollution. Hence, governmental intervention becomes imperative to regulate fast fashion production, manage waste, and restrict the influx of second-hand fast fashion businesses. The article concludes by emphasizing the lower middle class’s dual role as both major consumers and victims of global capitalism in the fast fashion industry, necessitating state protection through various policy measures. These include elevating product quality standards, ensuring fair labor practices, enhancing consumer protection, and controlling the influx of foreign fast fashion products. Ultimately, the study underscores the necessity of comprehensive governmental interventions to mitigate the environmental repercussions of fast fashion consumption, safeguarding both the lower middle class and Indonesia’s environment.

Purpose – A country’s institutional environment influences every facet of its business. This paper aims to identify institutional factors (state ownership, government attention on employment and employees’ educational background) that affect the asymmetric cost behavior in China. Design/methodology/approach – Using 2,570 listed firms’ data between 2002 and 2015, we use empirical models to explore the effects of state ownership, government attention on employment and employees’ educational background on the asymmetric cost behavior in China. Findings – This study found that the asymmetric cost behavior of central state-owned enterprises (CSOEs) is greater than local state-owned enterprises (LSOEs). Meanwhile, the empirical results show that government attention on employment is reflected in five-year government plans, and employees’ educational backgrounds are positively associated with asymmetric cost behavior. Originality/value – This study contributes to the economic theory of sticky costs, institutional theory and asymmetric cost behavior literature by providing evidence that shows how government intervention and employee educational background limit the flexibility of corporate cost adjustments. Additionally, this study provides guidance to policymakers by showing how government long-term plans affect firm-level resource adjustment decisions.

Continuous changes in today's market have exposed supply chain (SC) management to severe challenges. Such changes in the market are divided into two general categories: (1) Time-dependent changes such as political, economic, and cultural changes occurring over time and require decision-makers to consider the dynamics of decisions; and (2) Sudden changes and events such as diseases and natural disasters disrupting SCs. This paper investigates the impact of both changes on the decisions of a green supply chain. Moreover, these challenges may affect the organizations' activities in the market and arouse a conflict in the members' goals, leading to competition among members. This paper studies a game model for a dynamic–stochastic supply channel SC with one manufacturer and one retailer, where two types of products (green and non-green) are sold. In this study, two models are dynamically considered: The first model without demand disruptions and the second model with demand disruptions. Finally, the results are compared. On the other hand, due to environmental goals and to survive manufacturers under disruption, the government supports manufacturers in producing green products. Implementing this cooperation, the manufacturer also invests more in improving the greening level of green products, thereby enhancing its demand. Regarding numerous disruptions common in the automotive industry, this case study is conducted on the automotive supply chain to evaluate the models, and the results are presented in the form of numerical examples. Finally, to extract managerial insights, sensitivity analysis is performed on the main parameters of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the impact and role of the lower middle class on Indonesia's environmental landscape. Despite their social and economic marginalization, this demographic heavily relies on cheap, easily accessible fast fashion for clothing, leading to detrimental environmental consequences such as ecosystem degradation and pollution. This research was carried out by conducting a literature review through library research, where the data came from library data collection. This study further analyzes literature regarding socio-economic dynamics and environmental problems. This approach unveiled the lower middle class's profound influence of fast fashion consumption on Indonesia's environment. The research highlights the lower middle class's pivotal role in fast fashion waste distribution, exacerbating environmental pollution. Hence, governmental intervention becomes imperative to regulate fast fashion production, manage waste, and restrict the influx of second-hand fast fashion businesses. The article concludes by emphasizing the lower middle class's dual role as both major consumers and victims of global capitalism in the fast fashion industry, necessitating state protection through various policy measures. These include elevating product quality standards, ensuring fair labor practices, enhancing consumer protection, and controlling the influx of foreign fast fashion products. Ultimately, the study underscores the necessity of comprehensive governmental interventions to mitigate the environmental repercussions of fast fashion consumption, safeguarding both the lower middle class and Indonesia's environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop and simulate a green automotive supply chain model (ASC) consisting of one supplier, one manufacturer, and two types of products (green and non-green) under disruption risks (DRs). The greening effort (i.e., electric vehicle production) is considered for both the supplier and the manufacturer. In our modeling, we include the local government intervention (GI) and their incentivization of manufacturers to produce greener products. Moreover, the effectiveness of centralized versus decentralized supply chain integration strategies in coping with disruption consequences was explored. A mathematical pricing model based on game theory is designed to maximize the total profit for both integrated and decentralized systems. The model examines the effects of the greening effort on the supply chain (SC) members with eight disruption scenarios, including Extra Production and Surplus Inventory. Simulating numerical examples reveals that the Extra Production type of disruption increase the profitability in different scenarios. Conversely, the Surplus Inventory disruption reduces profitability. Moreover, a channel coordination through cost sharing contract in the presence of disruption sharing was developed. GI and the cost-sharing contract increase the SC profit. The managerial implications of our findings are also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Government intervention plays an indispensable role in the development of the elderly care service supply chain (ECSSC). However, no research has focused on the optimal decision-making of the ECSSC considering government intervention under different channel power structures. This study establishes a three-stage ECSSC model, including the government sector, elderly care service provider and elderly care service integrator, while considering different government intervention measures and channel power structures. The service-level elasticity coefficient is defined as an uncertain variable, that can affect service demand and ESI service costs. This study explores the optimal decisions and market performance of the government and ECSSC under different channel power structures and government intervention, providing guidance for the ECSSC development and government decision-making. The results show that, first, government intervention is beneficial for the ECSSC, customers, and social welfare. Compared with the subsidy and service-level regulation scenario, only the former is beneficial for the supply chain, social welfare, and unit customer expenditure, but at the cost of lower service level and higher government expenditure. Second, different channel power structures do not affect service level, social welfare, and unit customer expenditure. However, the ESI-dominated structure favors ECSSC development. Third, the setting of the reward-penalty factor should not be too high, as, in this case, supply chain members, customers, and social welfare will benefit from the increased expected value of service level elasticity. At last, managerial insights are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) experienced a decline in performance due to low product demand. Therefore, various efforts need to be undertaken to enhance MSMEs' performance in Indonesia. Addressing this issue, this research aims to examine the influence of innovation and government intervention in improving the performance of SMEs in Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative approach with a population of MSME actors in Central Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia. Through proportional random sampling, 356 SME operators were identified as respondents for this study. Data were collected using a survey method and analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that innovation and government intervention have a positive and significant impact on improving MSMEs' performance both partially and simultaneously. Therefore, this research implies that the more MSMEs engage in innovation and with government involvement in efforts to support MSME development, the greater the opportunity to enhance MSME performance in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the 'national team', a direct government investment policy, influences the price efficiency of listed companies in the Shanghai Stock Index (SSE). We find that stocks directly invested in by the national team show greater price efficiency than stocks without direct bailout. We also analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this price efficiency differentiation. The data period is divided into two sub-periods, and the results show that the price efficiency of stocks decreased after COVID-19. The reduction in price efficiency is more notable for stocks with direct government investment; the difference observed under national team investment in price efficiency is clearly reduced. Increased pessimistic investor expectations due to the pandemic could explain these changes. Our study provides novel evidence for the policy evaluation of national team intervention and a more detailed explanation about the decrease in financial market efficiency in the post-COVID-19 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop an open‐city model in which the incentive for a local government to shut down zombie firms depends on the capacity of the most efficient firms in the city to re‐employ the displaced workers in competition with the efficient firms in other cities. The model predicts that the local government has a greater incentive to shut down zombie firms when the city has better access to technology that enables the efficient firms to expand and re‐employ displaced workers. Data from Chinese cities validate the prediction. Our developed model adds to the understandings of governments' roles in China's zombie firm problems and provides a more feasible solution for reducing zombie firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crucial role of urban industrial land redevelopment in sustainable urban renewal has garnered widespread attention. While some scholars have explored the interest game among stakeholders in industrial land redevelopment, they primarily focus on the government-led model. Moreover, there remains a research gap concerning the impact of government intervention on the redevelopment of industrial land. This article utilizes evolutionary game theory to investigate the interest game between local governments and original land users in the model of urban industrial land redevelopment dominated by original land users. We establish evolutionary game models considering incentives and the combination of incentives and regulations, explore the interest balance strategy, and examine the impact of positive incentives and mandatory regulations on industrial land redevelopment. Furthermore, we employ a numerical simulation to unveil the impact of initial strategies and parameter adjustments on game strategy. The research results are as follows: (1) Under the original land user-led redevelopment model, only two evolutionary stability strategies exist: either the original land users implement industrial land redevelopment with positive responses from local governments, or neither party advances the process. (2) Government intervention is pivotal in facilitating the redevelopment of inefficient industrial land as economic subsidies and punitive measures motivate more participants to adopt proactive strategies. (3) The increase in government support positively correlates with the likelihood of industrial land redevelopment implementation by original land users. (4) The interests and costs of original land users emerge as crucial parameters influencing strategic decisions. This study enriches the understanding of the interests of core participants in industrial land redevelopment and provides valuable insights for sustainable urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, managing the drinking water supply chain and its pricing have gained significant importance. This paper presents a mathematical model using game theory for the pricing of drinking water in the competitive environment comprising a Public Water System (PWS) and a Bottled Water Plant (BWP) under government intervention. This study investigates not only the role of the government in motivating BWP to increase its green manufacturing level but also analyzes supporting the PWS to enhance the quality of tap water for households. It also evaluates the government's attempts to decrease the final price of tap water by providing subsidies for households and managing tap water demand through targeted outreach programs. This paper adopts a dynamic approach to address the time-dependent nature of precipitation and water demand, incorporating uncertainty in the tap water supply. The study also introduces models for peak and volumetric water pricing, deriving several key corollaries through parametric analysis and present a case study, modeled on real-world scenarios, to validate the proposed model. This model aids in calculating the profit for each participant and provides optimal numerical results for decision variables. Finally, the research concludes with a quantitative evaluation of the impact of these findings on key parameters, providing valuable managerial insights. The results reveal that while low tap water users benefit from cost savings due to incentives, by increasing 10% of this group PWS can accrue 23.36% more benefits. Besides, reducing the PWS's demand sensitivity to price gaps by 10% can boost PWS and BWP profits by 25% and 55%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is now a global consensus on the imperative need for energy transition and sustainability. Green innovation has emerged as a key driver to achieve these goals, and governments have recognized the importance of facilitating it. Within this context, we offer a unique perspective by examining the impact of political promotion incentives on green innovation among executives of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), shedding light on the government’s role in fostering energy transition and sustainable practices. Our findings demonstrate that governments can effectively foster a commitment to green innovation among SOE executives by integrating green indicators into the criteria used for political promotions. Notably, we find that this positive influence is more prominent when the likelihood of political promotion is higher. We provide valuable recommendations for policymakers seeking to facilitate energy transition and drive sustainable development, particularly for economies with a substantial SOE presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the evolving role of governments in cultural policy implementation in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis. The findings reveal distinct cultural policy frameworks before the pandemic, influenced by the unique path dependency of each country. However, in response to the crisis, these countries have converged, experiencing increased government intervention to address national challenges. Notably, the United States, contrary to past efforts, has augmented support for the arts, particularly through the National Endowment for the Arts. The research aims to offer comparative insights into cultural policy during national crises, offering practical lessons for countries facing similar institutional and circumstantial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Israel was founded in 1948, and immediately afterwards, numerous immigrants came to the country. The Israeli government decided to provide provisions to these immigrants, along with trying to develop the country and investing in the military. This fiscal expansion was funded by seigniorage, and the government attempted to restrain inflation by imposing price controls and rationing food and other consumer goods. This policy failed to stop inflation, and there were persistent shortages of many goods in the country, except for bread which was not rationed. There were even shortages of eggs, which were all produced domestically and whose output increased on a per capita basis by more than 250% in comparison to the number of eggs produced prior to the founding of the state. This indicates that the shortages in the stores were due to the rationing. The shortages led to a flourishing black market, and a reduction in consumer welfare. The rationing made a difficult situation worse and the government began to end the rationing in 1952. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrialization and huge production over the whole world are diminishing natural resources as well as increasing the harmful impacts on the environment. Now, it is imperative to address the harmful impacts and develop a circular economy in each production system. The paper investigates Govt. intervention in a recycling supply chain system of a manufacturer, a re-manufacturer, and two retailers. Here, consumers' demand is measured from the utility function based on the product's initial valuation, price, and greening level. The Govt. controls carbon emissions, environmental burden, and revenue by imposing different policies. The entire problem is classified into six scenarios based on different Govt. policies and supply chain (SC) members' cooperation and non-cooperation. The scenarios are modeled between Govt. and SC members and a bi-level interactive non-linear optimization problem is formulated. Finally, a numerical experiment is performed and sensitivity analyses of various parameters are conducted. The result pursues that the environmental burden is reduced when the Govt takes two initiatives: imposing a tax on the new products and providing a subsidy to the re-manufacturer. Also, the SC with members' cooperation emits the least carbon emissions while non-cooperation gives the highest revenue to the Govt. and makes a sustainable environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective: In spring 2020, governments across the UK put in place food box schemes to protect access to food for the population told to ‘shield’ from COVID-19 (i.e. not leave their house for any reason). This article explores the design, implementation and impact of food box schemes intended to regularly provide a week’s worth of food for individuals who were shielding. Design: Interviews and workshops with national and local stakeholders over summer 2020 to autumn 2021. Setting: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Participants: National and local government and NGO stakeholders involved in food response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Local authorities played a crucial role, implementing and supplementing the national provision of food box schemes. Three key shortcomings of the schemes were identified: coverage, contents and accessibility. In England and Wales, the scheme only provided food for shielding individuals, not their household members. Across the schemes, box contents were criticised for not containing sufficient amounts of fresh or healthy food and for not being able to meet individual dietary requirements. They were also inaccessible for people who required support with lifting or preparing food. Conclusions: The inadequacy of shielding food box schemes may have undermined people’s ability to shield during the first UK lockdown. The COVID-19 pandemic required rapidly implemented policy responses, but these findings underscore the importance of universal provision and nutrition, physical accessibility and cultural food needs when formulating public health nutrition interventions.

In recent years, three dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) has gained traction as a promising technology to mitigate the carbon footprint associated with construction industry. However, despite its environmental benefits, studies frequently overlook its impact on social sustainability and its overall influence on project success. This research investigates how strategic decisions by firms shape the tradeoffs between economic, environmental, and social sustainability in the context of 3DCP adoption. Through interviews with 20 Indian industry leaders, it was found that companies primarily invest in 3DCP for automation and skilled workforce development, rather than solely for environmental reasons. The lack of incentives for sustainable practices in government procurement regulations emerges as a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of 3DCP. Our study identifies five key strategies firms employ to promote sustainability through 3DCP and proposes actionable measures for government intervention to stimulate its advancement. Addressing these issues is crucial for realizing the full societal and environmental benefits of 3DCP technology.

As the digital economy increasingly dominates a substantial portion of the national economy, comprehending its role in promoting sustainable development has become an imperative research question -- particularly in the context of the Yellow River Basin, where there exists an urgent need to shift toward more sustainable modes of economic growth. Utilizing panel data spanning from 1999 to 2020 for 114 cities in the Yellow River Basin, this study develops a comprehensive evaluation framework for sustainable development, incorporating economic, social, and ecological dimensions. The empirical findings reveal that the digital economy acts as a catalyst for sustainable development. Importantly, these results withstand both endogeneity tests and robustness checks. Further heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive impact of the digital economy on sustainable development is more pronounced in regions directly traversed by the Yellow River and in areas with higher sustainability levels. Moreover, the enactment and implementation of the 13th Five-Year National Information Plan have emphasized the role of the digital economy in enhancing sustainable development. Mechanism tests also illustrate those elevated levels of personal digital acceptance and government intervention contribution to amplify the digital economy's positive impact on sustainable development. In conclusion, policy recommendations are put forward, including optimizing industrial structure, strengthening data governance and environmental monitoring, promoting innovation-driven development, and fostering collaborative growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is a crucial material foundation for fostering economic development across society. Enhancing utilization efficiency is a requisite for promoting green and low-carbon economic development. Simultaneously, enhancing energy efficiency also hinges on the development of the financial system. As an informal system rooted in Chinese characteristics, financial decentralization may have diverse impacts on energy efficiency. Using an extensive panel dataset covering 30 provinces from 2005 to 2017, this study explores the dynamic relationship between financial decentralization and energy efficiency. Our results confirm that excessive financial decentralization significantly inhibits energy efficiency. The main influence paths involved are technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, and government intervention. This result is also time heterogeneous. The relationship between financial decentralization and energy efficiency is more significant in the post-financial crisis sample. Financial decentralization has a negative impact on energy efficiency. To address this issue, examining its root causes is essential. Therefore, achieving full cooperation between the upper and lower levels of government becomes particularly important. This enhances the effective allocation of financial resources and contributes to achieving the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction, and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology innovation, with its two-fold benefits of protecting the environment and promoting economic growth, is an increasingly necessary strategy for China's manufacturing exports. This study examines the impact and mechanisms of green technology innovation on China's manufacturing-export resilience in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis. The study findings demonstrate that green technology innovation considerably boosts manufacturing-export resilience. Specifically, green technology innovation enhances manufacturing-export resilience by improving capital allocation efficiency. This is especially significant in the high labour-mismatch region and the eastern–central region. It is worth noting that the impact of green technology innovation on manufacturing-export resilience is negatively regulated by intellectual-property protection, as well as being subject to the single-threshold effect of government intervention. That is, reinforcing intellectual-property protection inhibits the upgrading effect of green technology innovation on manufacturing-export resilience, and the effect of green technology innovation on manufacturing-export resilience becomes insignificant when the government intervention goes beyond a certain level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature reports mixed findings on the role of government intervention, even during times of crisis. The recent Covid‐19 pandemic damaged the financial health of many small firms. This study examines whether government subsidies are associated with bankruptcy rates for firms with deteriorating financial health. Using a sample of 18,422 firms from 44 countries, we estimate a logistic model that accounts for rare events. Results indicate that those firms which receive government support are more likely to be associated with insolvency, even in the absence of liquidity issues and overdue financial obligations. Policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a dual-channel reverse supply chain consisting of a formal and an informal electric vehicle battery recycler under government intervention with a subsidy-and-penalty policy. By comparing and analyzing the equilibrium results, profits, and environmental impacts, we discuss the two members' competition and cooperation strategies under government intervention. Analytical results show that government subsidy to the formal recycler (penalty to the informal recycler) increases (decreases) the two members' recycling prices at differed rates. Government intervention increases (reduces) the recycling quantity in the formal (informal) recycling channel. The two members can reach a consensus on cooperation only if the subsidy and penalty are set at sufficiently high levels. In this case, the government should push them up as high as its budget allows for environmental benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Decentralized behavior of entities in a green supply chain plays a significant role in pricing and green innovation effort to produce more environment-friendly products at affordable prices. Government intervention (e.g., subsidy for green production, Cap-and-Trade Policy (CTP)) is a crucial component for diminishing carbon emissions due to manufacturing of new products and recycling of used products. In this study, we investigate the long-term decentralized behavior of supply chain members and the evolutionary stable decision of the government to intervene in price and sales effort competition among retailers. More precisely, through an evolutionary game theoretic framework, we look for the non-cooperative behavior of the population of retailers investing in sales efforts towards the manufacturer who invests in green level of the products, under government intervention and CTP. The model is further extended to analyze the evolutionary behavior of the population of government whether it intervenes or not in the same situation. Our study demonstrates that the whole population of retailers adopts the retailer-led Stackelberg strategy to deal with the manufacturer, and the most significant finding is that, in such a situation, government intervention is always favorable regardless of what the supply chain decides. Numerical results exhibit that whenever retailers dominate the market, it becomes beneficial for both retailers as well as the entire supply chain, and the environmental performance of the product also increases compared to the vertical Nash scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the green new product development (GNPD) problem of a risk-averse capital constrained supply chain (SC). The SC is managed by an SME entrepreneur, seeking financial support from a multi-sided FinTech platform (MSP) to develop a portfolio of green and non-green products. The MSP offers the SC a combination of equity financing (EF) and debt financing (DF) facilities and must decide on the interest rate of its DF facility. Using a benchmark model, we first characterize the SC's production and the MSP's financing decisions under a deregulated scenario. Focusing on an alternative case with government intervention (i.e., hybrid environmental-green entrepreneurship policy), we next develop a three-level game theoretical model and sequentially characterize the decision-making behavior of government, MSP, and SC. The model outcomes are analyzed by considering the policy approach (i.e., economic influence vs. social welfare) and the platform's risk attitude. The results reveal that, when coupled with an appropriate government intervention policy, a regulated scenario leads to a better outcome, particularly when the MSP is risk-neutral and strikes a right balance between the EF and DF. The win–win situation may not be realized when the MSP is risk-averse and the host government is merely focused on its economic influence. To successfully promote sustainable supply chain finance (SSCF) through digital platforms, policy makers are urged to leverage their legislative power and prioritize green entrepreneurship and social welfare over their financial maximization agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]